Awaiting committee decision
2016/2008(INI) e-Democracy in the European Union: potential and challenges
Lead committee dossier: AFCO/8/05507
Legal Basis RoP 052
Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
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Lead | AFCO | JÁUREGUI ATONDO Ramón (S&D) | PREDA Cristian Dan (EPP), UJAZDOWSKI Kazimierz Michał (ECR), GOULARD Sylvie (ALDE), SPINELLI Barbara (GUE/NGL), DURAND Pascal (Verts/ALE), ADINOLFI Isabella (EFD) |
Opinion | CULT | ADINOLFI Isabella (EFD) | |
Opinion | ITRE |
Legal Basis RoP 052
Activites
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2016/01/21
Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading/single reading
Documents
Amendments | Dossier |
90 |
2016/2008(INI)
2016/06/09
CULT
90 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Acknowledges the continual and swift technological changes occurring in the information society, the deep transformations these changes have brought about, with particular regard to educational
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that an increasing number of citizens use ICT tools and new media and technologies
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that an increasing number of
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that an increasing number of citizens use ICT tools and new media and technologies to engage and participate in political life at both national and EU level and that it is therefore crucial to increase digital inclusion and literacy, thus eradicating the existing digital divide which is a major obstacle for the exercise of citizenship;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that an increasing number of citizens use ICT tools and new media and technologies to engage and participate in political life at both national and EU level and that it is therefore crucial to increase digital inclusion and literacy, thus
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that an increasing number of citizens use ICT tools and new media and technologies to engage and participate in political life at both national and EU level and that it is therefore crucial to increase digital inclusion and literacy, thus eradicating the existing digital divide; considers it also critically important that there should be reflection on and a critical approach to the use of these technologies and the framing thereof with rules intended to protect persons from risks to their mental and physical health;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that an increasing number of citizens use ICT tools and new media and technologies to engage and participate in political life at both national and EU level and that it is therefore crucial to increase digital inclusion and literacy, thus
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Recalls that involving the citizens further in the processes around the European policies has the potential to renew their support in the European Union while reducing the so-called "democratic deficit" of the European Union; underlines therefore the potential of e-democracy tools to this end, while acknowledging its inherent limitations due to its requirements, both on a technical level (high level of internet penetration, widespread Wi-Fi connectivity, high speed internet connection, etc.) and practical level (media and digital literacy and skills, languages available, etc.);
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses that digital divide remains an important issue, provided that about 58 millions of EU citizens have never used internet at all and calls therefore on the EU and Member States to effectively tackle and eradicate it in order to ensure the social and democratic inclusion of all citizens in the digital era, regardless of their income, social and personal condition, geographical location and avoiding any kind of discrimination as provided for in Article 21 of the Charter of Fundamental rights;
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Emphasises that women are underrepresented in political decision- making at all levels, as well as in ICT sectors; notes that women and girls often face gender-stereotypes in relation to digital technologies; therefore calls on the Commission and Member States to invest in targeted programmes which promote ICT education and e-participation for women and girls, particularly those from vulnerable and marginalised backgrounds, using formal, informal and non-formal learning;
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses that e-democracy could stimulate the democratic participation of citizens; in this regard underlines that in order to make the right decisions using the e-democracy tools, citizens should be well-informed and provided with the necessary skills;
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Acknowledges the continual and swift technological changes occurring in the information society, the deep transformations these changes have brought about within society as a whole, with particular regard to educational and citizenship aspects, and the challenges and opportunities related to the various ICT tools, new media and other new technologies;
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Notes that many citizens of Member States remain cut off from these new means of communication, not least because they are geographically isolated from the main hubs or activity or else are victims of a generation gap; maintains, therefore, that it is essential to ensure that inhabitants of rural or mountain areas, as well as older people, are not marginalised in these new citizen participation processes;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses that launching e- democracy tools without ensuring equal access to all, could enhance not only the digital and educational divide but the divide between the levels citizens' access to the decision making process as well;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses that the immediacy, the massive presence and accessibility of the electronic media have broadened the public debate, which promotes transparency and good governance in public administration;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Notes the increasing use of the social media for socialisation and communication purposes, and their increasing use in the creative and cultural sector; notes that the expanded use of ICT in everyday life and in citizens' modern way of life requires the promotion of the digital inclusion of persons of all ages to address the digital divide in the EU;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that, in order to enhance civic participation and social inclusion and to stimulate a proper and critical knowledge of the EU and its history, values and fundamental rights, its functioning and structured decision-making processes, ICT tools and new media and technologies are crucial and will increasingly play a fundamental role;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that, in order to stimulate civic engagement, a proper and critical knowledge of the EU and its history, values and fundamental rights, its functioning and structured decision-making processes, ICT tools and new media and technologies are crucial and will increasingly play a fundamental role;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that, in order to stimulate a proper
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that, in order to stimulate a proper and critical knowledge of the EU and its history, values and fundamental rights, its functioning and structured decision-making processes, ICT tools and new media and technologies are crucial
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Acknowledges the continual and swift technological changes occurring in the information society, the deep transformations these changes have brought about, with particular regard to educational and citizenship aspects, and the challenges and opportunities related to the various ICT tools, new media and other new technologies; stresses that evaluation tools to assess what value-added online engagement has brought must be developed;
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that, in order to stimulate a proper and critical knowledge of the EU and its history, values and fundamental rights, its functioning and structured decision-making processes, ICT tools and new media and technologies are crucial and will increasingly play a fundamental role; recognises the important role of digital diplomacy in the EU's external relations and in promoting our cultural wealth and protecting our cultural heritage;
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Believes that, in order to stimulate a proper and critical knowledge of the EU and its history, values and fundamental rights, its functioning and structured decision-making processes, ICT tools and new media and technologies are crucial and will increasingly play a fundamental role, without leaving aside all other ways to communicate and experience EU policies;
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Observes that the introduction and further development of new forms of participation by citizens are now recognised in Europe as important elements in democratic governance, the process of modernisation of institutions and social inclusion, and as an opportunity for dialogue and oversight by citizens and associations of decision- making processes, particularly at local level;
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Notes that while the ICT tools offer a wide access to different sources of information, it also facilitate the spread of low-quality content which can be hard to distinguish from serious reliable sources and be misleading for citizens; underlines therefore the crucial need for a proper media literacy training toward the citizens, especially the younger ones;
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Recalls that the use of ICT tools in democratic practice is possible in an enabling environment in which public authorities provide for a clear and well- functioning regulatory framework, an equal and full access for all to ICT infrastructure, an open Internet, online services as well as e-identification services;
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Believes that e-democracy is essential to promote accountability and transparency, however its success depends upon a change in governmental culture whereby representatives open themselves to further scrutiny through accessible operations and responsive communication with citizens;
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Notes that ICT tools can increase the transparency of institutions at all levels and can in particular make EU legislative and policy-making processes more digitised, consultative, inclusive, trusted accountable, and fair, therefore strengthening trust of citizens;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Calls on the Commission to make its stakeholder consultation procedures and their outcomes more transparent and more accessible to ordinary citizens using digital technologies, and to use such stakeholder engagement as opportunities to foster citizen engagement;
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses that the EU and the Member States, particularly, at regional and local level, should promote ICT-based lifelong learning programmes on both
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses that the EU and the Member States should promote ICT-based lifelong learning programmes on both digital literacy and civic engagement and participation,
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Is of the opinion that ensuring access to an affordable, accessible, open and inclusive internet for all, including vulnerable people such as minors, women and girls facing multiple discrimination, people with disabilities and elderly people, is the pre-requisite for e-democracy, along with removing physical, geographical, and social barriers to online participation; stresses that ensuring the use of the internet is fair and safe, through protection of freedom of expression, protection of personal data and the right to privacy, safety of minors and protection of the principle of net neutrality, is another pre-requisite of e-democracy;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses that the EU and the Member States should support capacity- building among civil society organizations and promote ICT-based lifelong learning programmes on both digital literacy and civic engagement and
Amendment 41 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses that the EU and the Member States should promote ICT-based lifelong learning programmes on both digital literacy and civic engagement and participation, with particular regard to the most vulnerable and socially disadvantaged categories and people with disabilities; reminds that digital revolution is very challenging for teachers as well and it is crucial therefore to create opportunities for educators and students to learn and teach in innovative way. In this regard, points out the importance of investing in lifelong developments for teachers;
Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses that the EU and the Member States should promote ICT-based lifelong learning programmes on both digital literacy and civic engagement and participation, with particular regard to the most vulnerable and socially disadvantaged categories and people with disabilities; furthermore believes stimulation of civic participation is important to address lack of confidence in democratic principles and that e-democracy provides the potential to enhance participation, noting that representative democracy should not be replaced by direct democracy;
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses that the EU and the Member States should promote ICT-based lifelong learning programmes on both digital literacy and civic engagement and participation, with particular regard to the most vulnerable and socially disadvantaged categories and people with disabilities; supports digital applications that facilitate the communication, action and participation of the elderly in the public sphere;
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Recalls that digital education and literacy should not be limited to learning about tools and technologies, but should aim at equipping individuals with the critical thinking skills and digital curiosity necessary to exercise judgement, analyse complex realities, recognise the difference between opinions and facts, and resist all forms of indoctrination and hate speech, becoming therefore not only users of technologies, but responsible and active citizens in connected societies;
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Considers that freedom of expression and the access to quality and independent information are a necessary precondition for the e-democracy implementation;
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to provide training and support for teachers and educators, including supporting peer learning and exchange of best practices, in formal, non-formal and informal settings, so that educators feel digitally confident and able to prepare and provide the next generation of learners with the transferable skills and creative thinking techniques necessary to adapt in a fast changing world;
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Recognises the low levels of girls and women attracted to STEM in general and advocates creative holistic approaches to both e-democracy and digital literacy, in order to redress the balance;
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Considers it crucial that the EU should strategically launch e-democracy tools able to provide
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Considers it crucial that the EU
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Argues that the dynamic that develops online, particularly among young people, is conducive to human development and the defence of human rights and peace, while contributing to the intercultural and interreligious dialogue and the fight against racism, xenophobia and radicalisation;
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Considers
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Considers it crucial that
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Considers it crucial that the EU should strategically launch e-democracy tools able to provide decentralised sources of independent information and innovative models of learning, and to stimulate citizens’ active participation and political engagement through participatory and direct democracy mechanisms able to
Amendment 53 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Considers it crucial that the EU should strategically launch e-democracy tools able to provide decentralised sources of independent information and innovative models of learning, and to stimulate citizens’ active participation and political engagement through participatory and direct democracy mechanisms able to reinforce and complement
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Considers it crucial that the EU should strategically launch e-democracy tools able to provide decentralised sources of independent information and innovative
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Considers it crucial that the EU should strategically launch e-democracy tools able to provide decentralised sources of independent information and innovative models of learning, taking into consideration cultural and linguistic diversity of the Union and the specific interests of minority groups, and to stimulate citizens’ active participation and political engagement through participatory and direct democracy mechanisms able to reinforce and complement, where possible, representative democracy; in this regard calls on Member States for a peer learning on e-governance which has proven to be efficient in simplifying the life of citizens in daily bureaucracy, cutting red-tape and increasing transparency in governance;
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Considers it crucial that the EU should strategically launch e-democracy tools able to provide decentralised sources of independent information and innovative models of learning, and to stimulate citizens’ active participation and political engagement through participatory and direct democracy mechanisms able to reinforce and complement, where possible, representative democracy and to improve the quality of public debates;
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Underlines the major security challenges posed by the e-democracy tools, especially when they are related to electronic votes, as unsecure tools would undermine the validity of the processes carried out with these tools as well as the trust of the citizens in them, and as offering heavily secured tools would create disproportionate costs while not guaranteeing its absolute safety; calls therefore to secure e-democracy tools as much as it is reasonable and proportionate to do so, and to exclude as much as possible the most critical democratic processes from electronic votes;
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Points out, however, that such tools cannot be effective if the EU persists in disparaging other tools of direct democracy such as referendums and accordingly expresses disquiet at the numerous utterances by the Commission President, who has regularly found fault with national referendums, not least those which have been held in Greece; maintains that if European leaders take attitudes of this kind, European peoples are likely to become increasingly distrustful of the EU;
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Expresses concern at the use of social media and online platforms for criminal hate speech and incitement to violence, and encourages Member States to adapt and update legislation to address ongoing developments, and fully implement and enforce existing legislation on hate speech, both offline and online; argues that a greater collaboration is needed with online platforms, leading internet and media companies in this respect;
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Notes that e-engagement should be seen as just one route for participation and be supported by other off-line engagement activities. Off-line and online engagement activities need to be clearly integrated with one another;
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Stresses that e-democracy tools should be designed in the interest of all citizens and should be used to address exclusion from political life both for citizens and political parties; such tools should not benefit particular political actors nor generate division and discrimination within society;
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Notes that in order to ensure citizen´s equal accessibility to e- democracy tools, multi-lingual translation is important when information is to be disseminated and read by all citizens in countries with more than one official language or coming from different ethnic backgrounds;
Amendment 62 #
5a. Notes that ICT tools and new media empowered citizens to engage as wreaders in local, national and European political life, thus making possible to establish a direct connection and dialogue with elected representatives;
Amendment 63 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Notes that transparency, security and the existence of democratic control mechanisms throughout the whole procedure of e-Democracy are vital in order to ensure citizens' rights to privacy and non-surveillance;
Amendment 64 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Highlights the need to address cyber bullying, stigmatization all other forms of online violence and discrimination, to raise awareness about these practices as part of media education and to support the victims, including minors, vulnerable people, people belonging to minorities and LGBTI people, as online violence and discrimination are a barrier to equal participation;
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Warns that while e-democracy tools could be useful for the involvement of citizens in the European processes, they do not replace traditional democratic tools and their results should not be regarded as the representative expression of the citizens' opinion as a whole;
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Calls on public authorities to adopt an inclusive, all-encompassing and non- discriminatory educational and training approach, by combining electronic and non-electronic methods, in order to guarantee full accessibility and empower all citizens;
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 c (new) 5c. Welcomes the support of civil society projects in the framework of the European programme "Europe for Citizens" in order to encourage citizens to engage in activities directly linked to EU policies, provide opportunities, education and training for direct participation in the policy making process, encourage democratic participation of citizens at EU level and foster European citizenship;
Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission to
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission, after thorough assessment, to develop and implement specific pilot projects, as provided for in the Digital Agenda, to
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2.
Amendment 70 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission to develop and implement specific pilot projects, as provided for in the Digital Agenda,
Amendment 71 #
6. Calls on the Commission to develop and implement specific pilot projects, as provided for in the Digital Agenda, to promote and reinforce
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission to develop and implement specific pilot projects, as provided for in the Digital Agenda, to promote and reinforce responsible and active European citizenship schemes,
Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission to develop and implement specific pilot
Amendment 74 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission to develop and implement specific pilot projects, as provided for in the Digital Agenda, to promote and reinforce responsible and active European citizenship schemes and the sense of belonging to the European Union, democracy being a social experience which needs to be experienced and learned about
Amendment 75 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission to develop and implement specific pilot projects, as provided for in the Digital Agenda, to promote and reinforce responsible and active European citizenship schemes, democracy being a social experience which needs to be experienced, shared and learned about.
Amendment 76 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission to develop and implement specific pilot projects, as provided for in the Digital Agenda, to promote and reinforce responsible and active European citizenship schemes, democracy being a social experience which needs to be experienced and learned about
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) Amendment 78 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls on the Commission and Member States to take an holistic view of the policy-making life cycle and explicitly incorporate procedures for ICT enabled citizen engagement with clear indications on informing, consulting, participating, analysing, providing feedback and evaluating.
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Considers that e-democracy can be a tool to attract more people, especially young, to participate in democratic processes, decrease the democratic deficit and stop the decline of democratic participation in EU;
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that an increasing number of citizens use ICT tools and new media and technologies to engage and participate in political life at
Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls on the Member States to invest in research aimed at creating new technological innovations for the political participation of people with disabilities;
Amendment 81 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Observes that, however, the development of e-government is creating a situation in which the level of access to and take-up of public services depends on the technological literacy of users, so that, in order to achieve full digital citizenship, it is necessary to promote public policies and clear objectives establishing a threshold for the 'right to participation';
Amendment 82 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Considers that e-democracy can increase transparency of decision making process in representative democracy and can have a positive impact on trust of citizens in their elected representatives;
Amendment 83 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 c (new) 6c. Considers that the precondition for e-democracy is that a 'charter of digital citizenship rights' should be adopted as a framework for the charters for digital services and for codes of conduct for the use of the Internet; recalls that the right to protection of data and of privacy, as well as to access and digital inclusion, education, information and the use of public content, participation and digital opportunities must be protected;
Amendment 84 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 c (new) 6c. Acknowledges the importance of decreasing the digital divide in a way that as many people as possible have access to internet and can participate in processes of e-democracy;
Amendment 85 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 d (new) 6d. Notes that e-democracy has the potential to increase the sense of ownership of EU among the citizens, which is especially important in the current Eurosceptic climate;
Amendment 86 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 e (new) 6e. Believes that despite mostly positive aspects of e-democracy some caution is needed; notes the possibility of abuse of private data in the online environment, possibility of electoral fraud in online elections and other sorts of democratic online participation;
Amendment 87 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 f (new) 6f. Calls for caution as the online political debates often produce excessively polarised opinions and can be prone to hate speech, whereas moderate voices are often overlooked;
Amendment 88 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 g (new) 6g. Acknowledges that e-democracy can only have a positive impact when citizens are well-informed, have the skills to be critical towards wrong and biased information and are able to identify attempts of propaganda;
Amendment 89 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 h (new) 6h. Calls on EU and the Member States to increase the digital and media literacy of citizens, especially young ones, so that they will be able to make informed decisions and contribute positively to democratic processes;
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that an increasing number of
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 i (new) 6i. Notes the enormous amount of information that can be found on internet today and stresses that citizens' capacity for critical thinking should be strengthened so that they would be able to better discern between reliable and non- reliable sources of information;
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History
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