Awaiting committee decision
2016/2222(INI) Palm oil and deforestation of rainforests
Lead committee dossier: ENVI/8/06871
Legal Basis RoP 052
Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
---|---|---|---|
Opinion | AGRI | ||
Lead | ENVI | KONEČNÁ Kateřina (GUE/NGL) | CIRIO Alberto (EPP), BRANNEN Paul (S&D), GIRLING Julie (ECR), BEARDER Catherine (ALDE), JÁVOR Benedek (Verts/ALE), EVI Eleonora (EFD), D'ORNANO Mireille (ENF) |
Opinion | INTA |
Legal Basis RoP 052
Subjects
Activites
-
2016/09/15
Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading/single reading
Documents
Amendments | Dossier |
170 |
2016/2222(INI)
2016/11/21
AGRI
170 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Paragraph -1 (new) -1. Is concerned at forecasts of a tripling of worldwide demand for palm oil in the coming decades as this poses risks to the environment and society;
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 100 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 c (new) 5c. Notes that more than 60% of companies active in palm oil have committed to such initiatives, although currently only 2% of companies involved in the supply chain are able to trace back the palm oil they trade in to its source1a ; __________________ 1ahttp://forestdeclaration.org/wp- content/uploads/2015/09/2016-NYDF- Goal-2-Assessment-Report.pdf
Amendment 101 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission to step up dialogue with governments of palm-oil- producing countries in order to increase environmental
Amendment 102 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission to step up dialogue with governments of palm-oil- producing countries in
Amendment 103 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission to step up dialogue with governments of palm-oil- producing countries in order to increase environmental, land tenure and human rights standards, as well as transparency on land tenure and corporate ownership; and food and cosmetics producers to decrease dependence on palm oil;
Amendment 104 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6.
Amendment 105 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Urges the Commission to step up dialogue with governments of palm-oil- producing countries in order to increase environmental, land tenure and human rights standards, as well as transparency on land tenure and corporate ownership, respecting local communities;
Amendment 106 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Urges the Commission to uptake the issue of deforestation and the need to respect community rights in its Free Trade Agreement negotiations with producer countries;
Amendment 107 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Recognises the need to provide assistance and guidance to source countries concerning enforcement and judicial procedures at local, regional and national level;
Amendment 108 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Is aware that the EU is the third largest importer of palm oil worldwide and stresses the need to introduce rules that help increase the sustainability of palm oil production;
Amendment 109 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls on the Commission to encourage the exchange of best practice on transparency and cooperation between governments and companies that use palm oil;
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Notes the increased use of palm oil in processed food, with some 50 % of packaged goods now containing palm oil, and as a biofuel; calls for mandatory, clear and transparent labelling of the presence of palm oil in processed goods;
Amendment 110 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls on the Commission to take steps to reduce palm oil imports from countries outside the EU, currently amounting to roughly 7 million tonnes a year, one possibility being to apply different customs tariff schemes;
Amendment 111 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls on the Commission to include a ‘no deforestation’ guarantee in trade agreements with palm oil-producing countries;
Amendment 112 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Underlines the need to place criteria of social and environmental valorisation and the right of access to land above the mere logic of financial profit in the evaluation of the various strategies for forestry development;
Amendment 113 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Calls for implementation of the UN FAO's Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security1a and specifically respect for community tenure rights; __________________ 1aRome 2012 http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2801e/i28 01e.pdf
Amendment 114 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b(new) 6b. Stresses that the palm oil industry has been linked to major human rights violations, including child labour in some remote areas of South-East Asia;
Amendment 115 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Urges the Commission to establish a definition of forest that includes the biological, social and cultural diversity that genuine forests represent, where ecosystems, habitats and local communities are protected;
Amendment 116 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Maintains that large-scale imports of low-cost palm oil constitute dangerous competition for vegetable oils produced in Europe, adding further to the difficulty of the situation in which European producers now find themselves;
Amendment 117 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 c (new) 6c. Notes the role of European banks in providing loans to multinationals accused of deforestation and land grabbing for resources including palm oil plantation land;
Amendment 118 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 c (new) 6c. Rejects simplistic concepts and definitions of forest that define forests only as a collection of trees per percentage of area covered, leading to the adoption of equally simplistic concepts of deforestation and reforestation, the consequence of which can be that vast palm oil monocultures, which destroy huge areas of tropical forest, are classified as reforestation in the regions concerned;
Amendment 119 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 d (new) 6d. Draws attention to the incompatibility between maximizing profits, which is the aim of vast palm oil monocultures involving the abuse of market power and pricing dominance, the occupation of land, poor working conditions and pesticide use, and protecting the environment, combating hunger and guaranteeing and complying with the four basic elements of the human right to food and nutrition (adequacy, availability, accessibility and sustainability);
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Notes the increased use of palm oil in processed food, with some 50 % of packaged goods now containing palm oil, and as a biofuel; calls for mandatory, clear and transparent labelling of palm oil in processed goods;
Amendment 120 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to
Amendment 121 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to
Amendment 122 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish a regulatory framework of strong and enforceable measures to guarantee that all actors throughout the supply chain, including EU financial institutions and the investments and loans they provide, par
Amendment 123 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish a regulatory framework of strong and enforceable measures to guarantee that all actors throughout the supply chain, including EU financial institutions and the investments and loans they provide, are not involved in deforestation, especially with regards to sectors connected with the production of food, biofuels, cosmetics and cleaning products;
Amendment 124 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish a
Amendment 125 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish a regulatory framework of strong and enforceable measures to guarantee that all actors throughout the supply chain, including EU financial institutions and the investments and loans they provide, are not involved in deforestation; Calls on the Commission to define clearly the penalties for non- compliance;
Amendment 126 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish a regulatory framework of strong and enforceable measures to guarantee that all actors throughout the supply chain, including EU financial institutions and the investments and loans they provide, are not involved in deforestation, while maintaining trade relations with third countries;
Amendment 127 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish a regulatory framework of strong and enforceable measures to guarantee that all actors throughout the supply chain, including EU financial institutions and the investments and loans they provide, are not involved in deforestation and conflict and respect community rights;
Amendment 128 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Considers traceability in the supply chain to be essential;
Amendment 129 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Calls for implementation of effective sustainability criteria in the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC; Notes that sustainability criteria in Art.17 are intended to protect land of high biodiversity value, high carbon stocks and peatland, but further notes that the criteria limit themselves to land designated as such, and also do not contain social criteria;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Stresses that rapeseed has become increasingly important as a source of energy for the production of biofuels and plays an important role as a protein-rich animal feed that can replace genetically- modified soybeans in animal feeding; emphasizes to distinguish between palm oil imported from third countries and rape seed oil produced in Europe in order to decrease dependence on global imports of soybean, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support the European agricultural market;
Amendment 130 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Calls for any measures that hinder access to adequate food and nutrition to be rejected, including measures that hinder people’s access to and use of resources and inputs to guarantee their survival, particularly in countries where palm oil is produced;
Amendment 131 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to carry out campaigns to inform consumers about the specific characteristics of palm oil in order to protect their health and make for informed consumption;
Amendment 132 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to use every means possible to prevent the import into the EU of palm oil which is produced as a result of deforestation;
Amendment 133 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 b (new) 7b. Calls for the EU to strengthen existing control instruments;
Amendment 134 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 b (new) 7b. Insists on the importance of supporting developing countries with increased funding to improve governance, protect forests and peatlands, uphold the rights of indigenous peoples, smallholders and local communities, and expand agroecological farming practices;
Amendment 135 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 Amendment 136 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 Amendment 137 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 Amendment 138 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8.
Amendment 139 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Highlights the findings of the study carried out by EFSA, which showed that processed palm oil contains genotoxic and carcinogenic contaminants that are formed during the refining process and which pose a health risk to consumers;
Amendment 140 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls for the phasing-out of
Amendment 141 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls for the phasing-out of
Amendment 142 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls for the phasing-out of all
Amendment 143 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls for the phasing-out of pal
Amendment 144 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls for the rapid phasing-out of
Amendment 145 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls for the phasing-out of pal
Amendment 146 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls for the phasing-out of all land-based biofuels, such as palm oil biodiesel, that drive deforestation and compete against food production for land
Amendment 147 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls for the phasing-out of all
Amendment 148 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls for the phasing-out of
Amendment 149 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls for the rapid phasing-out of all land-based biofuels, such as palm oil biodiesel, that drive deforestation
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1а. Notes with concern that in some Member States the practice continues of using palm oil in the manufacture of dairy products such as cheese, without this being indicated on the product, which is misleading to consumers;
Amendment 150 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Calls for the phasing-out of all incentives for land-based biofuels, such as palm oil biodiesel, that drive deforestation and compete against food production for land or do not significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions;
Amendment 151 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Points to the need to favour the use of agricultural by-products and processing waste in order to rationalise the production process and limit farms’ energy bills;
Amendment 152 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Notes the importance of being able to distinguish between legally- and illegally-produced, as well as sustainably- and non-sustainably sourced palm oil as well as its residues/by-products, for importers and the supply chain as well as the consumers;
Amendment 153 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Requests that the full energy cost of growing biofuel crops (fertiliser, agrochemicals, machinery operations and transport) is taken into account in the analysis of biodiesel as an alternative fuel source
Amendment 154 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Stresses that the right to food, preservation of biodiversity and the protection of the environment must take priority over the one-sided business interests of the agro-fuel industry;
Amendment 155 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 – subparagraph 1 (new) Highlights that palm oil biodiesel can be replaced by biodiesel made from European raw materials, especially in land that is not currently being used;
Amendment 156 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 b (new) 8b. Calls for ILUC emissions from biofuel production to be fully taken into account in the Renewable Energy Directive;
Amendment 157 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 c (new) 8c. Stresses that in line with the principle of Policy Coherence for Development, the reform of the RED should include social responsibility requirements and an end to subsidies for biofuels produced from food crops by 1st Jan 2021, with biofuels from food crops being gradually phased out by 2030, as they can act as incentives to deforestation, land use change and land grabbing, while affecting the food security and the Right to Food in third countries;
Amendment 158 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 d (new) 8d. Notes the importance of supply chain transparency to enable accessing data on palm oil originating from high risk areas1a ; __________________ 1aSuch as the traceability tool recently published by the Stockholm Environmental Institute https://trase.earth/
Amendment 159 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 e (new) 8e. Welcomes also to this end requirements of the food information to consumers regulation 1169/2011 that specify differentiation into types of vegetable oil1a ; __________________ 1aProvision of Food Information to Consumers regulation 1169/2011, Art. 18, Annex VII (A) 8 and 9
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Notes with concern that processed palm oil that is contained in wide variety of products may have serious health risks and implications to the consumers;
Amendment 160 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Calls on the Commission to honour the EU’s international commitments
Amendment 161 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9.
Amendment 162 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Calls on the Commission to honour the EU’s international commitments
Amendment 163 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Calls on the Commission to honour the EU’s international commitments and to press ahead with developing an EU action plan to protect forests and forest people’s rights, as well as to combat deforestation.
Amendment 164 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Calls to support the EU's biofuel policy of the first-generation biofuels made from European raw materials generating animal feeding stuff for the European market;
Amendment 165 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Call for the permanent reintroduction of support for butter fat for use in ice cream and bakery products, with the aim of permanently replacing palm oil, which is imported from third countries and sometimes produced under environmentally questionable conditions;
Amendment 166 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Calls on the Commission to improve the legislative framework so as to open up fresh prospects for highly GHG-efficient biofuels, while taking indirect land-use change into account in the post-2020 period;
Amendment 167 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Notes that palm kernel cake forms an important part of animal feed especially in the dairy and beef cattle sector in the EU;
Amendment 168 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Calls on the Commission to draw up an action plan to combat deforestation and trade in agricultural commodities, in particular palm oil, obtained by that means;
Amendment 169 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Calls for the by-products of the oil palm, such as palm kernel meal or palm kernel cake, used in the European economy and, in particular, in animal production to also be subject to the certification schemes;
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Notes that in Europe the demand for palm oil is in large measure due to its use as a biofuel;
Amendment 170 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 c (new) 9c. Calls for more research at EU level into sustainable animal feed in order for alternatives to oil palm products to be developed for European agriculture;
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Calls on the Commission to provide comprehensive data on the use and consumption of palm oil in Europe and its importation into the EU;
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Notes the complexity of driving factors contributing to deforestation;
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Notes th
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Recognises that a comprehensive approach, considering all drivers of deforestation, with action and collaboration in both producing and consuming countries, is needed;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Notes that, according to EFSA, some of the highest content levels of glycidyl fatty acid esters, and 3-monochloropropanediol and 2-monochloropropanediol and their fatty acid esters, are to be found in palm oils and palm fats, while according to experts there is sufficient evidence to show that glycidol is genotoxic and carcinogenic;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Stresses that consumption of imported vegetable oil, such as palm oil, and their derived processed goods, as well as meat consumption play a major role in the impact of the EU consumption on global deforestation;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 c (new) 1c. Notes that 73% of all deforestation arises from the clearing of land for agricultural commodities, with 40% of all deforestation raises from large-scale industrial scale plantation style models;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 c (new) 1c. Notes that palm oil is used as an ingredient and/or substitute by the agri- food industry because of its lower buying- in price as a raw material compared to other raw materials, such as milk, traditionally used by that industry;
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 d (new) 1d. Urges Member States to strictly monitor compliance with food safety legislation and the labelling of products that are manufactured using vegetable fats, including palm oil;
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes the alarming scale
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes the alarming scale of deforestation driven by palm oil, and the very negative effects this has for a large proportion of the population, particularly small-scale farmers who very often are either stripped of their land or moved to the least fertile areas to make way for monocultural palm-oil plantations and biofuel production; notes that palm oil is an important driver of deforestation for commercial agriculture, where extremely biodiverse tropical forest is being converted to monocultural palm oil plantations;
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes the alarming scale of deforestation driven by palm oil, especially in the South-East Asia, where the majority of palm oil production takes place in Malaysia and Indonesia; notes that palm oil is an important driver of deforestation for commercial agriculture, where extremely biodiverse tropical forest is being converted to monocultural palm oil plantations at the expense of natural habitats and ecosystems and biodiversity;
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Notes the increased demand and use of palm oil in processed food, with some 50 % of packaged goods now containing palm oil,
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes the alarming scale of deforestation driven by palm oil, especially in the two main producer countries – Indonesia and Malaysia; notes that palm oil is an important driver of deforestation for commercial agriculture, where extremely biodiverse tropical forest is being converted to monocultural palm oil plantations;
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes the alarming scale of deforestation driven by
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes the alarming scale of deforestation driven by palm oil; notes that palm oil is an important driver of deforestation for commercial agriculture, where extremely biodiverse tropical forest is being converted to monocultural palm oil plantations, endangering important habitats for many animals, among them the orangutan;
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes the alarming scale of deforestation driven by palm oil; notes that palm oil is an important driver of deforestation for commercial agriculture, where it is already causing major damage, since extremely biodiverse tropical forest is being converted to monocultural palm oil plantations;
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2.
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes the alarming scale of deforestation driven by palm oil; notes that palm oil
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes the alarming scale of deforestation driven by palm oil production; notes that palm oil is an important driver of deforestation for commercial agriculture, where extremely biodiverse tropical forest is being converted to monocultural palm oil plantations;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Recognises the importance of preserving the rainforest and biodiversity, but stresses that this preservation should be combined with rural development policy instruments to prevent poverty and promote employment in the concerned areas;
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Calls on palm oil producer countries to shun deforestation, and to use poor quality land and idle land for oil palm plantations;
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Recommends that producer countries seek to develop oil palm plantations on poor-quality land in order to avoid deforestation;
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Notes the increased use of palm oil in processed food, with some 50 % of packaged goods now containing palm oil, and as a biofuel;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Notes that in Malaysia1a oil palm plantations increased from 2.4 to 4.2 million ha between 1990 and 2005 replacing over 1 million ha of forest, while in Indonesia the area of oil palm plantations increased from 1.7 to 6.1 million ha between 1990 and 2000 replacing up to 3 million ha of forest. Notes that Malaysia's total forest loss between 2000 and 2012 amounted to 14.4% of its year 2000 forest cover or 47 278 km2 , an area larger than Denmark; __________________ 1a https://news.mongabay.com/2013/11/mala ysia-has-the-worlds-highest-deforestation- rate-reveals-google-forest-map/
Amendment 41 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Points out that, originally, the cultivation of palm trees for oil was part of a traditional type of agriculture management in West Africa, which also included other plant species; highlights the fact that today, however, it is a monoculture on an industrial scale, with substantial use of fertilisers and pesticides, which is seriously endangering the environment and is also posing a problem due to its impact on local communities;
Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Acknowledges that palm oil production has higher yields and requires less land than the production of other vegetable fats that are widely used for food; points out that oil palms occupy around eight times less land than their competitor crops, with one hectare producing 4 tons of oil, compared with 0.6 ton for rapeseed oil and 0.5 for soybean oil;
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2а. Notes that populations of certain animal species for which palm trees are a natural environment, such as the orang-utan, have decreased significantly in recent decades, during which time the use of palm oil has become very widespread in several industrial sectors;
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses that deforestation of rainforest for palm oil production contributes significantly to climate change; in addition palm oil development is causing severe damage to the landscape and have been linked to issues such as land erosion and the pollution of rivers;
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Expresses serious concern regarding deforestation in the Amazon region, in the light of what has already taken place in South-East Asia over the past few decades;
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Notes that this conversion is associated with heavy environmental damage, particularly fires releasing high quantities of carbon and particulates which also cause respiratory problems;
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Stresses with great concern that palm oil expansion and deforestation of rainforests is pushing a considerable number of animal species in South-East Asia to extinction, notably orang-utans, Sumatran tigers or Malayan sun bears which are critically endangered and could become extinct in the wild within the next years;
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Notes that palm oil is a direct competitor of other vegetable fats (soybean, rapeseed and sunflower oil) and animal fats (butter, lard) that are produced in the European Union, where social, health and environmental standards are stricter;
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 c (new) 2c. Stresses that from an environmental point of view, oil palm monocultures form barriers which hamper the migration of animal species and facilitate the spread of plant diseases; points out that other negative effects are: a great vulnerability to wind, aridity, a greater incidence of fires and a lower capacity to capture carbon dioxide;
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Notes the increased use of palm oil in processed food, with some 50 % of packaged goods now containing palm oil, and as a biofuel; calls for clear and transparent labelling
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 c (new) 2c. Stresses that deforestation leads to increased accessibility of wild animals to poachers and wildlife smugglers who capture and sell wildlife as pets, use them for medicinal purposes or kill them for their body parts;
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 d (new) 2d. Points out that palm cultivation is often accompanied by huge forest fires, which are needed for deforestation and to prepare the land and which damage not only the environment but also the health and safety of local populations;
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 d (new) 2d. Underlines that deforestation of rainforests driven by land-use change to palm oil plantations greatly reduces the carbon sequestration potential and thereby significantly contributes to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions;
Amendment 53 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 e (new) 2e. Stresses that the palm oil production process tends to have a negative impact on the quality of the water and soil, in addition to the local populations, which depend on the balance of natural forests for both their food and the hydrological cycle;
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 e (new) 2e. Underlines that wildlife trafficking is an organised international crime estimated to be worth between EUR 8 and EUR 20 billion annually;
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 f (new) 2f. Points out that Amazonia accounts for some 40% of the world’s tropical forests and encourages the stakeholders concerned to do their utmost to prevent its destruction in order to conserve its ecosystem and biodiversity heritage;
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Notes with concern th
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Notes with concern the occurrence of land grabbing and illegal acquisition of plantation land;
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Notes with concern the occurrence of land grabbing and illegal acquisition of plantation land; notes further that land acquisition may lie outside the law, as local communities’ customary tenure rights are often not respected, as is the case with the Dayak people, who are increasingly being expropriated and dispossessed in the forests of Borneo;
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Notes the social injustice experienced by many plantation workers;
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Notes the increased use of palm oil in processed food, with some 50 % of packaged goods now containing palm oil, and as a biofuel; notes that palm oil accounts for around one third of global consumption and some 60% of the global trade in vegetable oils; calls for clear and transparent labelling of palm oil in processed goods;
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Is concerned, therefore, about the indirect security effects of land-grabbing and deforestation, that are resulting in confrontations involving local communities;
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Stresses that plantations are systematically destroying the rainforest land that the local people depend on for subsistence, thus giving them no choice but to become plantation workers under the poor and degrading working conditions;
Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Points out that palm oil yields per hectare are more than four times higher than in the production of oil from rape, coconut, sunflower or soya, and that a reduced area is therefore needed to produce the same quantity of oil;
Amendment 63 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Points out that Malaysia and Indonesia are the leading producers of palm oil, accounting for some 85% of global production;
Amendment 64 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Notes the palm oil exploitation is not the only cause of deforestation, also the expansion of the illegal logging is responsible for this situation;
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Expresses concern that in some cases, cultivation is linked to groups of guerrillas or other irregular and illegal formations, which force local populations to move to uninhabited areas; calls for greater attention to be paid to these effects on respect for human rights;
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Calls for palm oil and its and its derivatives to be excluded from the EU- Indonesia Free Trade Agreement;
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Recognises the role of oil palm as part of diverse intercropping systems in ensuring food security and income for smallholders and that efforts to halt deforestation must include local capacity building, technological aid and sharing of best practice between communities and support for smallholders to most effectively use their existing croplands without resorting to further forest conversion;
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Notes the increased use of palm oil in processed food, with some 50 % of packaged goods now containing palm oil, and as a biofuel; calls for introduction of clear and transparent mandatory labelling schemes of palm oil in processed goods in order to help consumers to make informed purchasing choices;
Amendment 70 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Recognises the role of oil palm as part of diverse intercropping systems in ensuring food security and income for smallholders, provided that those smallholders are fully integrated into the production chain and receive fair payment;
Amendment 71 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Recognises the role of oil palm as part of diverse intercropping systems in ensuring food security
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Recognises the role of oil palm as part of diverse intercropping systems in ensuring food security and valuable income for smallholders;
Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses the strong potential of agroecological practices to maximise ecosystem functions such as soil formation, nutrient cycling, pollination, and regulation of pest species by natural predators on existing cropland via intercropping, agroforestry etc. without resorting to input dependency or monocultures;
Amendment 74 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Notes the significant quantities of stored palm oil not currently on the market and emphasises the need to establish a mechanism at EU level which correlates palm oil production to consumption needs;
Amendment 75 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Points out that according to a study by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), palm oil fats contain substances such as GE, 3-MCPD and 2- MCPD, considered to be harmful to health;
Amendment 76 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Notes that the University of Prague in 2004 and the German consumer protection authority in 2006 confirmed the presence of potentially carcinogenic contaminants in palm oil, identifying risks in over 400 food products, including cakes, biscuits, milk powder and products for children and babies;
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Notes that 70% of biofuel consumed in the EU is grown/produced in the EU, and of the biofuel imported into the EU, 23% is palm oil mainly from Indonesia, and another 6% is soya1a ; __________________ 1aEUROSTAT - Supply, transformation and consumption of renewable energies; annual data (nrg_107a), Globiom study, and http://www.fediol.be/
Amendment 78 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Calls for an immediate ban on the use of palm oil in processed food products and for palm oil to be replaced by other vegetable oils;
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Notes the huge growth in palm oil as a first generation biodiesel, increasing by 2.6 million tonnes between 2010 and 2014, growth of 606%, while total share of palm oil in biodiesel consumed in the EU grew from 6% in 2010 to nearly one third in 2014 (31%), with almost half of palm oil used in the EU being used as transport fuel1a ; __________________ 1aEUROSTAT - Supply, transformation and consumption of renewable energies; annual data (nrg_107a), Globiom study, and http://www.fediol.be/
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Notes the increased use of palm oil in processed food, with some 50 % of packaged goods now containing palm oil, and as a biofuel; calls for clear and transparent labelling of palm oil in processed goods in order to avoid misleading of consumers and urges to adapt to digital advancements;
Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 d (new) 4d. Notes the indirect effects of EU biofuel demand associated with tropical forest fragmentation habitat degradation and destruction 1a ; __________________ 1aCommission Renewable Energy Progress report, SWD(2015) 117 final https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/ rep/1/2015/EN/1-2015-293-EN-F1-1.PDF
Amendment 81 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 e (new) 4e. Notes that certain biofuel production pathways increase overall greenhouse gas emission when emissions from indirect land use change (ILUC) are taken into account1a , palm oil biodiesel being the highest emitting biofuel 1b ; __________________ 1aCommission Renewable Energy Progress report, SWD(2015) 117 final - https://ec.europa.eu//tranparency/regdoc/r ep/1/2015/EN/1-2015-293-EN-F1-1.PDF 1bCommission-commissioned Globiom study https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files /documents/Final%20Report_GLOBIOM _publication.pdf
Amendment 82 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 f (new) 4f. Notes the dominance of first generation biofuels and the lack of commercial availability of 2nd generation biofuels;
Amendment 83 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 g (new) 4g. Notes that to solve legality issues with conversion of forests to agricultural land, mechanisms like the Voluntary Partnership Agreements triggering national legal reforms and transparency about land tenure in producer countries, as well as a legislation similar to the EU Timber Regulation can help ensure only legally produced products are placed on the EU market;
Amendment 84 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 Amendment 85 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 86 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Is concerned that the EU certification s
Amendment 87 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 88 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 89 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Notes the increased use of palm oil in processed food, with some 50 % of packaged goods now containing palm oil, and as a biofuel in comparison with other vegetable oils; calls for clear and transparent labelling of palm oil in processed goods;
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Is concerned that the certification schemes do not guarantee genuinely sustainable palm oil, notably certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO) certification, which is not effective in ensuring relevant standards
Amendment 91 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Is concerned by, amongst others, the European Court of Auditors report1a that concluded that
Amendment 92 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Is particularly concerned by the conclusion of the European Court of Auditors that the EU certification system for the sustainability of biofuels is not fully reliable; – whilst the RED lays down the fulfilment of EU environmental requirements for agriculture as sustainability criteria for biofuel feed stocks, voluntary schemes that did not have specific verification procedures to ensure compliance with this sustainability requirement were nevertheless recognised by the Commission; – the Commission did not require voluntary schemes to verify that the biofuel production they certified did not cause significant risks of negative socioeconomic effects, such as land tenure conflicts, forced/child labour, poor working conditions for farmers, etc. – notes that once Indirect Land-Use Change (ILUC) is taken into account crop-derived biofuels can in some cases even result in a net increase in greenhouse gas emissions, e.g. burning of habitat with high carbon stocks like tropical forest and peatlands. Is concerned that the impact of ILUC on the sustainability of biofuels is not covered by the Commission's assessment of voluntary schemes; – notes that the Court found some schemes were insufficiently transparent or had biased governance structures, so thus increasing the risk of conflicts of interest and preventing effective communication with the Commission, national authorities, other schemes, certification bodies and economic operators; – notes that the Court found that Member State data relating to the share of compliant biofuels in total transport fuels may not be reliable, so statistics for biofuel certified as sustainable might be overestimated;
Amendment 93 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Stresses that certification of sustainable palm oil must take into account the impact that its production has on the environment;
Amendment 94 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Calls on the Commission to work towards the establishment of a strong and binding framework that will make it possible to guarantee the sustainability of palm oil;
Amendment 95 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Calls for efforts to be made to ensure that the recent targets and positions set out by the EU on trans fatty acids do not result in a reassessment of palm oil production that would lead to even more deforestation;
Amendment 96 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Calls on the Commission, the Member States, and the industry to support the High Carbon Stock (HCS) approach, which makes it possible to determine areas suitable for planting with oil palms, that is to say, degraded lands of little value in terms of carbon storage and their natural environment, thereby promoting sustainable palm oil that can be produced without converting forests or interfering with ecosystems with a high conservation value;
Amendment 97 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Welcomes any multi-stakeholder initiative which aims at setting and implementing ambitious standards for sustainable palm oil production, as well as ensuring the respect of human, land and labour rights;
Amendment 98 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Recognises some gaps of existing certification schemes, which should be improved constantly to ensure the sustainability of palm oil production;
Amendment 99 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Supports the goals set out in the Sustainable Palm Initiative of the UNDP and the Amsterdam Declaration1a for a no deforestation and no conflict supply chain by 2020, as well as the New York Declaration on Forests1b which aim to "help meet private sector goal of eliminating deforestation from production of agricultural commodities such as palm oil, soy, paper and beef products by no later than 2020 recognising that some companies have more ambitious targets"; __________________ 1a 07.12.2015 1b United Nations Climate Summit, 2014
source: 593.946
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History
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