2017/2007(INI) | [ParlTrack]

Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 a (new)

- having regard to Directive 2004/48/EC on the enforcement of intellectual property rights,

Amendment 10 #

António MARINHO E PINTO, Jean-Marie CAVADA

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas three-dimensional (3D) printing btec~~ame~~hnology developed with the launching of 3D printers, with companies offering both digital models and 3D printing services, becoming accessible to the general public when 3D printers for individuals were placed on the market; whereas it is considered that that market ~~should~~will, however, remain marginal in the medium term, taking into account the cost of printers and materials, the limited capacity of 3D printers designed for individual use, and the limited number and nature of materials made available to consumers;

Amendment 100 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Stresses that to anticipate problems relating to accident liability or intellectual property infringement, the EU will have to adopt new legislation or tailor existing laws to the specific case of 3D technology, taking into account the decisions of the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) and the relevant case law of the EU and Member State courts; stresses that, in any case, the legislative response should avoid duplicating rules and should take into account projects that are already under way; adds that innovation needs to be accompanied by law, without the law acting as a brake or a constraint;

Amendment 101 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. ~~Stresses that to anticipate problems relating to accident liability or intellectual property infringement, the EU will have to~~Is of the opinion that in order to anticipate the legal and ethical problems raised by 3D printing technologies, the EU should carefully consider adoapt ~~new~~ing legislation ~~or tailor existing laws to the specific case of 3D technology~~; stresses that, in any case, the legislative response should avoid duplicating rules and should ~~take in~~seek to acencou~~nt projects that are already under way; adds that innovation needs to be accompanied by law, without the law acting as a brake or a constraint~~rage innovation;

Amendment 102 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Stresses that to anticipate problems relating to accident liability or intellectual property infringement, the EU will have to adopt new legislation or tailor existing laws to the specific case of 3D technology; stresses that, in any case, the legislative response should avoid duplicating rules and should take into account projects that are already under way, in particular the legislation on copyright currently applicable to 2D printing; adds that innovation needs to be accompanied by law, without the law acting as a brake or a constraint;

Amendment 103 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Stresses that to anticipate problems relating to accident liability or intellectual property infringement, the EU will have to adopt new legislation or tailor existing laws to the specific case of 3D technology after having carried out a thorough impact assessment evaluating all policy options; stresses that, in any case, the legislative response should avoid duplicating existing rules and should take into account projects that are already under way; ~~adds that innovation needs to be accompanied by law, without the law acting as a brake or a constraint~~stresses the importance of developing future-proof legislation;

Amendment 104 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Stresses that to anticipate problems relating to accident liability or intellectual property infringement that 3 D printing might cause in the future, the EU ~~will~~may have to adopt new legislation or tailor existing laws to the specific case of 3D technology; stresses that, in any case, the legislative response should avoid duplicating rules and should take into account projects that are already under way; adds that innovation needs to be accompanied by law, without the law acting as a brake or a constraint;

Amendment 105 #

1. Stresses that to anticipate problems relating to ~~accident~~civil liability or intellectual property infringement, the EU will have to assess the necessity to adopt new legislation or tailor existing laws to the specific case of 3D technology; stresses that, in any case, the legislative response should avoid duplicating rules and should take into account projects that are already under way; adds that innovation needs to be promoted and accompanied by law, without the law acting as a brake or a constraint;

Amendment 106 #

Geoffroy DIDIER

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Stresses that to anticipate problems relating to accident liability or intellectual property infringement, the EU will have to adopt new legislation orand tailor existing laws to the specific case of 3D technology; stresses that, in any case, the legislative response should avoid duplicating rules and should take into account projects that are already under way; adds that innovation needs to be accompanied by law, without the law acting as a brake or a constraint;

Amendment 107 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. Calls on the Commission, in this process, specifically and clearly to identify what behaviour by actors on the 3-D printing market constitutes copyright infringement, as well as the elements that could lead to the production of illegal objects; considers it necessary, further, to establish which person along the whole production chain bears civil liability in the event of damage, which is also an essential aspect for insurers;

Amendment 108 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. Notes that due care and attention must be given to certain issues, such as the encryption and protection of files, to prevent files and protected objects from being illegally downloaded and reproduced and unlawful objects from being reproduced;deleted

Amendment 109 #

Virginie ROZIÈRE

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

Amendment 11 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas three-dimensional (3D) printing became accessible to the general public when 3D printers for individuals were placed on the market; whereas that market ~~should~~will likely, however, remain marginal in the medium term, taking into account the cost of printers and materials, the limited capacity of 3D printers designed for individual use, and the limited number and nature of materials made available to consumers;

Amendment 110 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that it goes without saying that care should be taken in the 3D-printing sector, particularly with regard to the quality of the printed product and any dangers that the product may pose to users or consumers, and it would be appropriate to consider including identification means to make it possible to distinguish between objects produced in the traditional way and objects produced using 3D printing;deleted

Amendment 111 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that it goes without saying that care should be taken in the 3D- printing sector, particularly with regard to the quality of the printed product and any dangers that the product may pose to users or consumers~~, and~~ (emissions of nanoparticles that could prove to be harmful to health, failure to comply with the quality and safety standards laid down in Regulation (EU) 2017/745 in customised copies of medical devices, risks relating to the reproduction of objects that come into contact with food, which might not comply with Directive 2002/72/EC relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, faulty 3D products due to human, software, scanning or original design error, etc.); takes the view that it would be appropriate to consider including identification means to make it possible to distinguish between objects produced in the traditional way and objects produced using 3D printing;

Amendment 112 #

Geoffroy DIDIER

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that it goes without saying that care should be taken in the 3D- printing sector, particularly with regard to the quality of the printed product and any dangers that the product may pose to users or consumers, and it would be appropriate to consider including identification and traceability means to make it possible to distinguish between objects produced in the traditional way and objects produced using 3D printing, as well as to facilitate observation of their further use for commercial and non-commercial purposes. Close cooperation between right holders and 3D manufacturers in developing such means would be beneficial;

Amendment 113 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that it goes without saying that care should be taken in the 3D- printing sector, particularly with regard to the quality of the printed product and any dangers that the product may pose to users or consumers, and it would be appropriate to consider including identification means to make it possible to distinguish between objects produced in the traditional way and objects produced using 3D printing; considers that this would help to ensure traceability of the objects created and reduce counterfeiting;

Amendment 114 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that it goes without saying that care should be taken in the 3D- printing sector, particularly with regard to the quality of the printed product and any dangers that the product may pose to users or consumers, and it would be appropriate to consider including identification means to make it possible to ~~distinguish between objects produced in the traditional way and objects produced using 3D printing~~ensure traceability of products;

Amendment 115 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Notes that solutions of a legal nature could make it feasible to control the legal reproduction of 3D objects protected by copyright, for example, digital and 3D-printing providers could systematically display a notice on the need to respect intellectual property, a legal limit could be introduced on the number of private copies of 3D objects in order to prevent illegal reproduction, and a tax on 3D printing could be levied to compensate intellectual property rights holders for damages suffered as a result of private copies being made in 3Dlegislative and non- legislative policy options should be assessed regarding the reproduction of 3D objects protected by copyright;

Amendment 116 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Notes that solutions of a legal nature cshould ~~make it feasible~~enable rights-holders to control the ~~legal~~ reproduction of 3D objects protected by copyright, for example, digital and 3D- printing providers could systematically display a notice on the need to respect intellectual property, a legal limit could be introduced on the number of private copies of 3D objects in order to prevent illegal reproduction, and a tax on 3D printing could be levied to compensate intellectual property rights holders for damages suffered as a result of private copies being made in 3Ds of protected 3D objects when exclusive rights apply;

Amendment 117 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Notes that solutions of a legal nature could make it feasible to control the legal reproduction of 3D objects protected by copyright, for example, digital and 3D- printing providers could ~~systematically display a notice on the ne~~be advised to respect intellectual property, a legal and technological limit could be i~~ntroduc~~dentified on the number of private copies of 3D objects in order to prevent illegal reproduction, and a tax on 3D printing could be levied to compensate intellectual property rights holders for damages suffered as a result of private copies being made in 3D; notes that, above all, uses that are deemed to be prohibited could be regulated (by restricting the 3D printing of objects which infringe patents, which have not been legally purchased or which are not permitted under existing law, such as arms, drugs, etc.);

Amendment 118 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

Amendment 119 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

Amendment 12 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)

Aa. whereas 3 D printing is viewed as one of the most prominent technologies where Europe can play a leading role; whereas the European Commission recognized the benefits of 3 D printing by sponsoring 21 projects based on the technology by Horizon 2020 between 2014-2016.

Amendment 120 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Notes that solutions of a legal nature could make it feasible to control the legal reproduction of 3D objects protected by copyright, for example, digital and 3D- printing providers could systematically display a notice on the need to respect intellectual property, elements could be included in the 3D files created that will make it possible to trace them, and a legal limit could be introduced on the number of private copies of 3D objects in order to prevent illegal reproduction~~, and a tax on 3D printing could be levied to compensate intellectual property rights holders for damages suffered as a result of private copies being made in 3D~~;

Amendment 121 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Notes that solutions ~~of a legal nature~~ could make it feasible to control the legal reproduction of 3D objects protected by copyright, for example, digital and 3D- printing providers could systematically display a notice on the need to respect intellectual property, or a legal limit could be introduced on the number of private copies of 3D objects in order to prevent illegal reproduction, and a national tax on 3D printing could be levied by each Member State to compensate intellectual property rights holders for damages suffered as a result of private copies being made in 3D;

Amendment 122 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Emphasises that if a 3D copy constitutes a private copy, national laws governing exemptions for private copies will apply, including as regards compensation or revenue collection schemes, were they are provided for in national law;

Amendment 123 #

Evelyne GEBHARDT

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Points out that public awareness raising is needed in order to protect intellectual property rights in the field of three-dimensional printing, and also in relation to infringements of design, trademark and patent rights.

Amendment 124 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

Amendment 125 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

Amendment 126 #

5. Stresses, however, that technical solutions – currently underdeveloped – must not be overlooked, for example, the creation of databases of encrypted and protected files and the design of printers connected to and equipped with a system capable of managing intellectual property rights; stresses, further, that whichever of these measures are adopted, their implementation should not have any cost- related impact on the activity already being carried out by market players;

Amendment 127 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Stresses, however, that technical solutions – currently underdeveloped – must not be overlooked, for example, the creation of databases of encrypted and protected files and the design of printers connected to and equipped with a system capable of managing intellectual property rights, or promoting cooperation between manufacturers and platforms to make reliable files available to professionals and consumers;

Amendment 128 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Stresses, however, that technical solutions – currently underdeveloped – ~~must not be overlook~~could be further investigated, for example, the creation of databases of encrypted and protected files and the design of printers connected to and equipped with a system capable of managing intellectual property rights;

Amendment 129 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Stresses, however, that technical solutions – currently underdeveloped – ~~must not be overlook~~could be investigated, for example, the creation of databases of encrypted and protected files and the design of printers connected to and equipped with a system capable of managing intellectual property rights;

Amendment 13 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)

Aa. whereas on an experimental level, three-dimensional printing (or ‘3D printing’) dates back to the 1960s; initially developed in the United States, 3D-printing technology started to break through into industry in the early 1980s;

Amendment 130 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6

~~6. Criticises the fact that at this stage, none of those options is wholly satisfactory on its own;~~deleted

Amendment 131 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6

~~6. Criticises the fact that at this stage, none of those options is wholly satisfactory on its own;~~deleted

Amendment 132 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6

6. ~~Criticises the fact~~Notes that at this stage, none of those options is wholly satisfactory on its own;

Amendment 133 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7

7. Criticises the fact that the Commission has not revised Directive 2004/48/EC during this term, as it had announced it would, and has instead limited itself to presenting non-binding guidelines, without providing clarifications on issues specific to 3D printing; welcomes, though, the measures announced by the Commission on 29 November 2017 which are intended to step up intellectual property protection;deleted

Amendment 134 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7

Amendment 135 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7

7. Criticises the fact that the Commission has not revised Directive 2004/48/EC ~~during this term, as it had announced it would~~, and has instead limited itself to presenting non-binding guidelines, without providing clarifications on issues specific to 3D printing; welcomes, though, the measures announced by the Commission on 29 November 2017 which are intended to step up intellectual property protection;

Amendment 136 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7

7. ~~Criticis~~Notes the fact that the Commission has not revised Directive 2004/48/EC during this term, as it had announced it would, and has instead limited itself to presenting non-binding guidelines, without ~~providing clarifications on~~going into detail on any issues specific to 3D printing; welcomes, though, the measures announced by the Commission on 29 November 2017 which are intended to step up intellectual property protection;

Amendment 137 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)

7a. Notes that the intellectual property rights concerning the various elements of 3D printing technology have been determined and that, consequently, the next question will be how to uphold them;

Amendment 138 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

8. Therefore calls on the Commission to give comprehensive consideration to every aspect of 3D-printing technology when taking the measures referred to in its communication (COM(2017)0707), without duplicating existing applicable measures; stresses the importance of involving stakeholders in that work;

Amendment 139 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

8. Therefore calls on the Commission to give comprehensive consideration to every aspect of 3D-printing technology when taking the measures referred to in its communication (COM(2017)0707); stresses the importance of involving all stakeholders in that ~~work~~endeavour, including SMEs and consumers;

Amendment 14 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)

Aa. whereas the market for 3D printers constitutes a sector which is experiencing rapid growth and whereas this is expected to continue in the coming years;

Amendment 140 #

Julia REDA, Max ANDERSSON

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

8. ~~Therefore c~~Calls on the Commission to give comprehensive consideration to every aspect of 3D-printing technology when taking the measures referred to in its communication (COM(2017)0707); stresses the importance of involving stakeholders in that work;

Amendment 141 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 a (new)

8a. Notes the applicability, necessity and practicability of existing liability rules for intermediary service providers which transmit, cache or host and considers them appropriate for 3D printing service infrastructure.

Amendment 142 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

9. Calls on the Commission to carefully consider the ~~civil liability~~ issues related to 3D- printing technology~~, including~~ when it assesses the functioning of Council Directive 85/374/EEC of 25 July 1985 on ~~the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning~~ liability for defective products;

Amendment 143 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)

9a. Recalls that civil liability is a matter falling in principle under the national legislation of each Member State;

Amendment 144 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10

~~10. Calls on the Commission to explore the possibility of setting up a civil liability regime for damages not covered by Directive 85/374/EEC;~~deleted

Amendment 145 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10

10. Calls on the Commission to ~~explore the possibility of~~review whether setting up a civil liability regime for damages not covered by Directive 85/374/EEC is necessary;

Amendment 146 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)

10a. Points out that 3D-printing technology has many economic advantages for the EU as it offers opportunities for customisation specifically meeting the requirements of European consumers, and that it could make it possible to repatriate production activities and thereby help to create new jobs that are less physically demanding and less dangerous.

Amendment 147 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)

10a. Calls on the Commission to clearly define the various responsibilities by identifying the parties involved in making a 3D object: software designer and supplier, 3D printer manufacturer, raw materials supplier, object printer and all others involved in making the object;

Amendment 148 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)

10a. Draws attention to the possible implications of new forms of marketing along the lines of ‘make it yourself’, supplying not the final product but only the software for download and the specifications for printing the product;

Amendment 149 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 b (new)

10b. Stresses the importance of creating a coherent legal framework to provide a smooth transition and legal certainty for consumers and businesses in order to promote innovation in the EU.

Amendment 15 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A b (new)

Ab. whereas, however, the development of community spaces for 3D printing (more usually known as ‘fablabs’) and services for printing at a distance, sometimes linked to an on-line 3D file exchange, enables everyone to have 3D objects printed, which is a boon for inventors and project organisers;

Amendment 16 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A b (new)

Ab. whereas 3D printing has an enormous potential to transform supply chains in manufacturing which could help Europe increase output levels; whereas the application of this technology offers new opportunities for business development and innovation;

Amendment 17 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A c (new)

Ac. whereas the European Commission has identified 3D printing as a priority area for action offering significant economic potential, notably for small innovative enterprises; whereas many countries have already recognised the transformative potential of 3D printing and have begun to adopt, albeit in an unequal manner, various strategies to create an economic and technological ecosystem to promote its development;

Amendment 18 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas the majority of the 3D- printed products being created are prototypes; but some industries have been using final parts for a number of years already and the final parts market continues to grow at a relatively fast rate

Amendment 19 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas ~~the majority of the~~some industries have been using final parts made by using 3D- print~~ed products being c~~ing for a number of years already and the final parts market continues to grow at a relat~~ed are prototypes~~ively fast rate;;

Amendment 2 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 b (new)

- having regard to Directive 85/374/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective products,

Amendment 20 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas ~~the majority~~a growing part of the 3D- printed products being created are ~~prototypes~~more ready-to-be used or -commercialised items than mere prototypes as they used to be;

Amendment 21 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas the majority of the 3D- printed products being created are currently prototypes;

Amendment 22 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas the potential advantages of 3D printing for innovative enterprises are numerous; whereas in particular, 3D printing allows a reduction in overall costs when developing, designing and testing new products or improving existing ones;

Amendment 23 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)

Ba. Whereas the use of 3-D printing is becoming more and more widespread in the society, notably in the education field, in citizen and start-up fora, such as ‘maker spaces’, as well as in the private sphere;

Amendment 24 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B b (new)

Bb. whereas 3D printing is inevitably becoming simpler and more accessible to all; whereas it is to be expected that the limitations as regards materials that can be used, speed, and the consumption of raw materials and energy will be significantly reduced in a short period of time;

Amendment 25 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas most of today’s high-tech industries use this technology; whereas, owing to the benefits offered by its use, expectations are high in many areas, for example, the medical, aeronautics, aerospace, automotive, ~~building~~household electrical appliance, building, archaeological research, architecture and design sectors;

Amendment 26 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas expectations are high in many areas, for example, the medical (ranging from regenerative medicine to the manufacture of prosthetics), aeronautics, aerospace, automotive, building, architecture and design sectors;

Amendment 27 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas expectations are high in many areas, for example, the medical, aeronautics, aerospace, automotive, building, architecture, mechanical engineering, leisure and design sectors;

Amendment 28 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas ~~expectations are high~~opportunities to use 3 D printing have highly increased in many areas, for example, the medical, aeronautics, aerospace, automotive, building, architecture and design sectors;

Amendment 29 #

Răzvan POPA

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas expectations are high in many areas, for example but not limited to, the medical, aeronautics, aerospace, automotive, building, architecture and design sectors;

Amendment 3 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 c (new)

- having regard to the Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee entitled ‘Living tomorrow. 3D printing - a tool to empower the European economy’ (2015/C332/05)

Amendment 30 #

Ca. whereas point 2.1 of the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on ‘Living tomorrow. 3D printing — a tool to empower the European economy’ (2015/C 332/05)1a states that ‘using the right advanced manufacturing technology, Europe could re-shore production from lower wage regions to spur on innovation and create sustainable growth at home’. _________________ 1aSee http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52 014IE4420&from=EN

Amendment 31 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C a (new)

Ca. whereas the lack of regulation has limited the use of three-dimensional printing in key industrial sectors such as, for instance, the aerospace and medical/dental sectors, and whereas regulating the use of 3D printers will help increase the use of technologies and offer opportunities for research and development;

Amendment 32 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C a (new)

Ca. whereas the EU has made 3D printing one of the priority areas of technology; whereas the Commission referred to it, in its recent reflection paper on harnessing globalisation (COM(2017)240), as one of the main factors in bringing about industrial transformation;

Amendment 33 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C b (new)

Cb. whereas, in an opinion on 3D printing, the European Economic and Social Committee said that ‘the digital revolution, together with this fabrication revolution, will enable Europe to re-shore production from lower wage regions in order to spur on innovation and create sustainable growth at home’ (2015/C 332/05);

Amendment 34 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas a reduction in the number of intermediaries would give companies the opportunity to repatriate offshore production activities; whereas repatriation could help to maintain the added value of those production activities at local level; whereas by reducing the movement of goods, 3D printing would lower both transport costs and CO2 emissions;deleted

Amendment 35 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

Amendment 36 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas a reduction in the number of intermediaries w~~ould~~hich might stem from 3D printing for commercial purposes may eventually give companies the opportunity to repatriate offshore production activities; whereas repatriation could help to maintain the added value of those production activities at local level; whereas by reducing the movement of goods, 3D printing ~~would~~might lower both transport costs and CO2 emissions;

Amendment 37 #

Răzvan POPA

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas 3D-printing technology could help to create new jobs that are less physically demanding and less dangerous (maintenance technicians, engineers, designers, etc.) ~~and~~, thus with the creation of new technician positions (ex. operator for 3D Printers) new liabilities will emerge and the 3D-printing industry will need to provide the appropriate trainings in order for the technicians to be at the same level with their counterparts in traditional manufacturing; 3D-printing technology will also reduce production and storage costs (low-volume manufacturing, personalised manufacturing, etc.);

Amendment 38 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas 3D-printing technology could help to create new jobs that are less physically demanding and less dangerous (maintenance technicians, engineers, designers, etc.) and also reduce production and storage costs (low-volume manufacturing, personalised manufacturing, etc.); however the decrease in manufacturing jobs will greatly affect the economy of countries that rely on a large number of low skill jobs

Amendment 39 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas 3D-printing technology ~~could help~~is expected to create more new jobs for skilled labour that are less physically demanding and less dangerous (maintenance technicians, engineers, designers, etc.) and also reduce production and storage costs (low-volume manufacturing, personalised manufacturing, etc.);

Amendment 4 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 d (new)

- having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘A balanced IP enforcement system responding to today’s societal challenges’ (COM(2017)0707),

Amendment 40 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas 3D-printing technology could help to create new jobs that are in some cases less physically demanding and less dangerous (maintenance technicians, engineers, designers, etc.) and also reduce production and storage costs (low-volume manufacturing, personalised manufacturing, etc.);

Amendment 41 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)

Ea. whereas alerts - aimed at professionals and individual citizens - will be put in place by the Member States to warn of the potential dangers of 3D printing, for example gas emissions during production, and whereas protective measures will be introduced;

Amendment 42 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)

Ea. whereas 3D printing affects all areas of intellectual property law, such as copyright, patents, designs, three- dimensional trademarks and even geographical indications;

Amendment 43 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)

Ea. whereas the economic impact of developing the 3D industry in the Member States cannot yet be accurately ascertained;

Amendment 44 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E b (new)

Eb. whereas 3D printing might enable consumers to hit back at in-built obsolescence, as they will be able to make replacement parts for household appliances, whose lifespan is becoming increasingly shorter;

Amendment 45 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas 3D-printing technology raises specific legal and ethical issues regarding in particular intellectual property and civil liability, and whereas those issues fawill be dealt within by the rMem~~it of the Committee on Legal Affairs~~ber States in line with their existing rules on civil liability;

Amendment 46 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas 3D-printing technology might raises s~~pecific~~ome legal and ethical ~~issue~~concerns regarding intellectual property and civil liability, and whereas those ~~issue~~concerns fall within the remit of the Committee on Legal Affairs;

Amendment 47 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas 3D-printing technology raises specific ~~leg~~ethical and ~~ethic~~legal issues ~~regarding intellectual property and~~such as civil liability, and whereas those issues equally fall within the remit of the Committee on Legal Affairs;

Amendment 48 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas 3D-printing technology raises specific legal and ethical issues ~~regarding intellectual property and~~, notably as regards civil liability~~, and~~ rules; whereas those issues fall within the remit of the Committee on Legal Affairs;

Amendment 49 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F a (new)

Fa. whereas new technologies are able to scan objects or people and generate digital files which can subsequently be printed in 3D and whereas this can affect image rights and the right to privacy;

Amendment 5 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 e (new)

- having regard to the Guidance on certain aspects of Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the enforcement of intellectual property rights (2017/0708),

Amendment 50 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas 3D-printing technology also raises security issues, particularly with regard to the manufacturing of weapons, explosives and drugs, and particular care should be taken with regard to production of that kind, with each Member State already having a range of sanctions for all these areas;

Amendment 51 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas 3D-printing technology also raises security and especially cyber- security issues, particularly with regard to the manufacturing of weapons, explosives and drugs, and any other hazardous objects and particular care should be taken with regard to production of that kind;

Amendment 52 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas 3D-printing technology could also raises security issues, particularly with regard to the manufacturing of weapons, explosives and drugs, and particular care should be taken with regard to production of that kind;

Amendment 53 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas 3D-printing technology also ~~raises~~might raise some security ~~issue~~concerns, particularly with regard to the manufacturing of weapons, explosives and drugs, and particular care should be taken ~~with regard to production of that kind~~;

Amendment 54 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

~~H. whereas not all 3D-printing production of objects is unlawful, nor are all operators in the sector producing counterfeit objects;~~deleted

Amendment 55 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

~~H. whereas not all 3D-printing production of objects is unlawful, nor are all operators in the sector producing counterfeit objects;~~deleted

Amendment 56 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

~~H. whereas not all 3D-printing production of objects is unlawful, nor are all operators in the sector producing counterfeit objects;~~deleted

Amendment 57 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas ~~not all~~the 3D-printing production of objects ~~is unlawful, nor ar~~could be an incredible resource allnd op~~erators in the sector producing counterfeit objects~~portunity offered to us by technological research, though we should not underestimate the possible risks stemming from any unlawful use, or any use that does not perfectly comply with existing safety legislation;

Amendment 58 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas ~~not all 3D-printing production of objects is unlawful, nor are all operators in the sector producing~~3-D printing could help to facilitate counterfeiting, committed by individuals or by organised groups aiming to profit from the sale of counterfeit ~~object~~goods;

Amendment 59 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas it should be remembered that, contrary to the concerns expressed by some actors, not all 3D-printing production of objects is unlawful, nor are all operators in the sector producing counterfeit objects;

Amendment 6 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 f (new)

- having regard to the reflection paper on harnessing globalisation (COM(2017)0240),

Amendment 60 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas not all 3D-printing production of objects is unlawful, nor are all operators in the sector producing counterfeit objects; but counterfeited items can be produced easily

Amendment 61 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. where~~as not all~~ 3D-printing production of objects is unlawful~~, nor are all operators in the sector producing counterfeit objects~~ or infringes third party rights, proper sanctions should be implemented according to the law;

Amendment 62 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas not all 3D-printing production of objects is ~~unlawfu~~automatically assumed to be illegal, nor are all operators in the sector producing counterfeit objects;

Amendment 63 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H a (new)

Ha. whereas it is technically possible to copy almost any object, with or without obtaining the consent of those who own the rights on the object;

Amendment 64 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H b (new)

Hb. whereas there are potential problems regarding extraterritoriality, given that by simply downloading the plan for a desired object from the web or through the use of a 3D scanner, the end user, who may be located anywhere on the planet, will be able to replicate that object; whereas most platforms appear to be established outside the EU and governed by the legal systems of the foreign countries concerned, making it impossible to invoke European law to adopt the provisions referring to them; whereas this not only poses problems as regards the applicable legislation for the prosecution of infringements, but also practically neutralises the effectiveness of controls by customs authorities on goods entering or leaving each country since there is no need to transport counterfeit products between jurisdictions;

Amendment 65 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas, from a copyright point of view, useful distinctions should be made~~: for instance,~~, in particular between ~~home~~ printing for private use ~~and printing for commercial use, and~~or for uses covered by copyright limitations and exceptions on the one hand, and printing for commercial use on the other hand; distinctions between B2B services and B2C services should also be taken into account.

Amendment 66 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas~~, from a copyright point of view,~~ useful distinctions should be made: for instance, between home printing for private use and printing for commercial use, and between B2B services and B2C services.

Amendment 67 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas~~, from a copyright point of view, useful~~ certain distinctions should be made: for instance, between home printing for private use and printing for commercial use, and between B2B services and B2C services.

Amendment 68 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I a (new)

Ia. whereas the elements that characterise the production of objects as being unlawful should be clearly identified, along with the elements that define the limits of lawful behaviour by actors in this market;

Amendment 69 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital J

J. whereas a report drawn up by France’s Higher Council for Literary and Artistic Property on 3D printing and copyright found that ‘the democratisation of 3D printing does not appear, to date, to be causing a huge problem with copyright infringement~~, which is the subject of this report~~; whereas it acknowledges that ‘the main risk of counterfeiting is with works of art’;

Amendment 7 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas three-dimensional (3D) printing became accessible to the general public when 3D printers for individuals were placed on the market; whereas that market should, however, remain marginal in the medium term, taking into account the cost of printers and materials, the limited capacity of 3D printers designed for individual use, and the limited number and nature of materials made available to consumers;

Amendment 70 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital J a (new)

Ja. whereas these few examples which may be envisaged now will probably become more complex as the technology evolves; whereas they raise the question as to what needs to be done to tackle the potential for counterfeiting using 3D printing technologies;

Amendment 71 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas as a result of the processes that it uses, 3D printing leads to what the industry has described as a kind of ‘fragmentation of the act of creating’ in that a protected work may be circulated digitally before it takes a physical form,; wh~~ich makes it easier to copy and complicates the f~~ereas this is not new to the industry which holds intellectual property rights a~~gainst counterfeiting considerably~~nd has developed digital business models;

Amendment 72 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas as a result of the processes that it uses, 3D printing leads to what the industry has described as a kind of ‘fragmentation of the act of creating’ in that a work may be circulated digitally before it takes a physical form, which makes it easier to copy and complicates the fight against counterfeiting ~~considerably~~;

Amendment 73 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L

L. whereas, in conclusion, 3D printing has not fundamentally altered copyright, but files created may be considered a work and whereas, if that is the case, the work must be protected as such; whereas, in the short and medium term, and with a view to tackling counterfeiting, the main challenge will be to involve professional copyright intermediaries more closely;deleted

Amendment 74 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L

L. whereas, ~~in conclusion, 3D printing has not fundamentally altered copyright, but~~once created, open- source digital files can be freely modified, improved and customised; whereas, in conclusion, initial digital files created may be considered a work and whereas, if that is the case, the work must be protected as such; whereas, in the short and medium term, and with a view to tackling counterfeiting, the main challenge will be to involve professional copyright intermediaries more closely and more efficiently;

Amendment 75 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L

L. whereas, in conclusion, legal experts are of the view that 3D printing has not fundamentally altered copyright, but files created may be considered a work and whereas, if that is the case, the work must be protected as such; whereas, in the short and medium term, and with a view to tackling counterfeiting, the main challenge will be to involve professional copyright intermediaries more closely;

Amendment 76 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L

L. whereas, in conclusion, 3D printing has not fundamentally altered ~~copy~~intellectual property rights, but files created may be considered a work and whereas, if that is the case, the work must be protected as such; whereas, in the short and medium term, and with a view to tackling counterfeiting, the main challenge will be to involve professional copyright intermediaries more closely;

Amendment 77 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L a (new)

La. Whereas 3D printing has not fundamentally altered the way copyright applies; however, due scrutiny should be brought to how exclusive rights are allocated and implemented, in consideration of the large amount of open-source licenses governing the creation of software in this domain, and in compliance with uses allowed under intellectual property law;

Amendment 78 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas the question of liability for goods produced and for damage resulting from a defective file could, as regards consumers, be resolved with reference to Articles 10 and 14 of the Commission proposal on certain aspects of contracts for the supply of digital content;deleted

Amendment 79 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

Amendment 8 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

Amendment 80 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. wWhereas the question of the relevance and applicability ~~for~~of existing liability rules to the goods produced and ~~for~~to the damage resulting from a defective file ~~could, as regards consumers, be resolved with reference to Articles 10 and 14 of the Commission proposal on certain aspects of contracts for the supply of digital content~~or from a defective function of the physical product resulting from it, arises, in a way similar to the questions highlighted by the European Parliament Resolution on Civil Law Rules on Robotics (A8-0005/2017);

Amendment 81 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas the ~~question of liability for goods produced and for~~legal consequences, beyond the damage resulting from a defective digital file, could, as regards consumers, be resolved ~~with reference to Articles 10 and 14 of the Commission proposal~~in future EU legislation on certain aspects of contracts for the supply of digital content;.

Amendment 82 #

Virginie ROZIÈRE

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas the question of liability for goods produced and for damage resulting from a defective file could, as regards consumers, be resolved with reference to ~~Articles 10 and 14~~the relevant articles of the Commission proposal on certain aspects of contracts for the supply of digital content;

Amendment 83 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M a (new)

Ma. whereas although the development of 3D printing makes industrial production possible, consideration should be given to the need to establish means of collective redress in order to provide compensation to consumers for damage;

Amendment 84 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M a (new)

Ma. whereas the impact of 3-D printing on consumers’ rights and on consumer law in general should be carefully examined in light of Directive XXX on certain aspects of contracts for the supply of digital digital content;

Amendment 85 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

N. whereas Directive 85/374/EEC on liability for defective products covers all contracts; whereas it should be noted that it is progress in 3D printing that has led the Commission to undertake a ~~revision of that Directive to check whether it still meets current need~~public consultation with the aim of assessing whether this Directive is fit for purpose in relation to new technological developments;

Amendment 86 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

Amendment 87 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

N. whereas Directive 85/374/EEC on liability for defective products covers all contracts; whereas it should be noted that it is progress in 3D printing among other things, that has led the Commission to undertake a revision of that Directive to check whether it still meets current needs;

Amendment 88 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

N. whereas Directive 85/374/EEC on liability for defective products covers all contracts; whereas it should be noted that it is progress in 3D printing that has led the Commission to undertake a ~~revis~~public consultation ofn that Directive to check whether it still meets current needs;

Amendment 89 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas national general liability rules also apply to 3D printing; whereas a specific liability regime could be envisaged for damage caused by an object created using 3D-printing technology, as the number of stakeholders involved in the process often makes it difficult for the victim to identify the person responsible; whereas those rules could make the creator or vendor of the 3D file liable, or the producer of the 3D printer, the producer of the software used in the 3D printer, the supplier of the materials used or even the person who created the object, depending on the cause of the defect discovered;

Amendment 9 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

Amendment 90 #

Max ANDERSSON, Julia REDA, Heidi HAUTALA

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas general liability rules also apply to 3D printing; ~~whereas a specific liability regime could be envisaged for damage caused by an object created using 3D-printing technology, as~~acknowledging that the number of stakeholders involved in the process often makes it difficult for the victim to identify the person responsible; whereas those rules could make the creator or vendor of the 3D file liable, or the producer of the 3D printer, the producer of the software used in the 3D printer, the supplier of the materials used or even the person who created the object, depending on the cause of the defect discovered;

Amendment 91 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas general liability rules, including those on the liability of intermediary service providers as defined in articles 12 to 14 of the e-commerce Directive, also apply to 3D printing; whereas a specific liability regime could be envisaged for damage caused by an object created using 3D-printing technology, as the number of stakeholders involved in the process often makes it difficult for the victim to identify the person responsible; whereas those rules could make the creator or ~~vendo~~seller of the 3D file liable, or the producer of the 3D printer, or the producer of the software used in the 3D printer, or the supplier of the materials used for printing, or even the person who ~~crea~~printed the object, depending on the cause of the defect discovered and on the damage that occurred;

Amendment 92 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas general liability rules also apply to 3D printing; whereas a specific liability regime cshould be envisaged for damage caused by an object created using 3D-printing technology, as the number of stakeholders involved inand the ~~process~~complex process used to create the finished product often makes it difficult for the victim to identify the person responsible; whereas those rules could make the creator or vendor of the 3D file liable, or the producer of the 3D printer, the producer of the software used in the 3D printer, the supplier of the materials used or even the person who created the object, depending on the cause of the defect discovered;

Amendment 93 #

Răzvan POPA

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas general liability rules also apply to 3D printing; whereas a specific liability regime cshould be envisaged for damage caused by an object created using 3D-printing technology, as the number of stakeholders involved in the process often makes it difficult for the victim to identify the person responsible; whereas those rules could make the creator or vendor of the 3D file liable, or the producer of the 3D printer, the producer of the software used in the 3D printer, the supplier of the materials used or even the person who created the object, depending on the cause of the defect discovered;

Amendment 94 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas general liability rules also apply to 3D printing; whereas a specific liability regime could be envisaged ~~for damage caused by an object created using 3D-printing technology,~~ as the number of stakeholders involved in the process often makes it difficult for the victim to identify the person responsible~~; whereas those rules could make~~ for the damage caused by an object created using 3D printing; whereas the liability could lie with the creator or vendor of the 3D file ~~liable~~, or the producer of the 3D printer, the producer of the software used in the 3D printer, the supplier of the materials used or even the person who created the object, depending on the cause of the defect discovered;

Amendment 95 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital O a (new)

Oa. whereas the absence of or shortcomings in this specific civil liability regime affect the insurance system, with the risk that any insurance in this area could be too costly or indeed impossible/unavailable;

Amendment 96 #

Max ANDERSSON, Heidi HAUTALA, Pascal DURAND

Motion for a resolution
Recital P a (new)

Pa. whereas all elements of additive manufacturing technology must meet certain criteria and be certified to guarantee that it is possible to manufacture reproducible quality parts; whereas certification is rendered complex owing to the numerous transformations of machinery, materials and processes, and to the absence of a database; whereas it will therefore be necessary to develop rules allowing a speedier and more cost- effective certification of all materials, processes and products;

Amendment 97 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital P a (new)

Pa. Whereas 3D printing has a role to play in reducing energy and natural resources consumption in the purpose of fighting the climate change; whereas the use of 3D printing would minimise waste in production and prolong lifespan of consumer products by enabling production of replacement parts at consumer level;

Amendment 98 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital P b (new)

Pb. Having regard to Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market;

Amendment 99 #

Daniel BUDA, Antanas GUOGA, Luis de GRANDES PASCUAL

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Stresses that ~~to anticipate~~consideration should be given to anticipating potential problems relating to accident liability or intellectual property infringement, the EU will have to adopt new legislation or tailor existing laws to the specific case of 3D technology; stresses that, in any case, the legislative response should avoid duplicating rules and should take into account projects that are already under way; adds that innovation needs to be accompanied by law, without the law acting as a brake or a constraint connected with the use of 3D printing;

source: 619.044

2018/04/18 JURI 11 amendments...

Amendment 1 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

Amendment 10 #

Geoffroy DIDIER, Antanas GUOGA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Stresses that to anticipate problems relating to ~~accident~~civil liability or intellectual property infringement that 3D printing might cause in the future, the EU ~~will~~might have to adopt new legislation orand tailor existing laws to the specific case of 3D technology, taking into account the decisions of the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) and the relevant case law of the EU and Member State courts and after having carried out a thorough impact assessment evaluating all policy options; stresses that, in any case, the legislative response should avoid duplicating existing rules and should take into account projects that are already under way, in particular the legislation on copyright currently applicable to 2D printing; adds that innovation needs to be promoted and accompanied by law, without the law acting as a brake or a constraint;

Amendment 11 #

Daniel BUDA, Antanas GUOGA, Luis de GRANDES PASCUAL

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Notes that solutions of a legal nature if necessary could make it feasible to control the legal reproduction of 3D objects protected by copyright, for example, digital and 3D- printing providers could systematically display a notice on the need to respect intellectual property, a legal limit could be introduced on the number of private copies of 3D objects in order to prevent illegal reproduction, and a tax on 3D printing could be levied to compensate intellectual property rights holders for damages suffered asemphasises, in that context, the importance of elements that make it possible to trace 3D objects or of the introduction of a legal limit on the number of private copies of 3D objects in order to prevent illegal reproduction; emphasises that if a 3D copy constitutes a private copy, national laws governing exemptions for private copies will apply, including as regards compensation or revenue collection schemes, where they a re~~sult of private copies being made in 3D~~ provided for in national law;

Amendment 2 #

Kostas CHRYSOGONOS, Jiří MAŠTÁLKA

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas the majority of the 3D- printed products being created are currently prototypes; whereas some industries have been using final parts for a number of years already and the final parts market continues to grow at a relatively fast rate; whereas a growing proportion of the 3D-printed products being created are now more ready-to-be- used or -commercialised items than mere prototypes;

Amendment 3 #

Daniel BUDA, Antanas GUOGA, Luis de GRANDES PASCUAL

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas most of today’s high-tech industries use this technology, whereas opportunities to use 3 D printing have highly increased in many areas, and whereas expectations are high in many areas, for example, the medical~~, aeronautics, aerospace, automotive, building, architect~~ (ranging from regenerative medicine to the manufacture of prosthetics), aeronautics, aerospace, automotive, household electrical appliance, building, archaeological research, architecture, mechanical engineering, leisure and design sectors;

Amendment 4 #

Antanas GUOGA, Luis de GRANDES PASCUAL

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas 3D-printing technology ~~could help~~is expected to create more new jobs ~~that are~~for skilled labour that are in some cases less physically demanding and less dangerous (maintenance technicians, engineers, designers, etc.), and ~~also reduce production and storage costs (low-volume manufacturing, personalised manufacturing, etc.)~~whereas with the creation of new technician positions (e.g. operator for 3D printers) new liabilities will emerge and the 3D-printing industry will need to provide the appropriate trainings in order for the technicians to be at the same level with their counterparts in traditional manufacturing; whereas 3D-printing technology will also reduce production and storage costs (low-volume manufacturing, personalised manufacturing, etc.); whereas, however, the decrease in manufacturing jobs will greatly affect the economy of countries that rely on a large number of low-skill jobs;

Amendment 5 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas 3D-printing technology ~~raises~~might raise some specific legal and ethical ~~issue~~concerns regarding all areas of intellectual property law, such as copyright, patents, designs, three-dimensional trademarks and even geographical indications, and civil liability, and whereas ~~those issue~~, moreover, those concerns fall within the remit of the Committee on Legal Affairs;

Amendment 6 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas 3D-printing technology might also raises security ~~issue~~and especially cyber-security concerns, particularly with regard to the manufacturing of weapons, explosives and drugs and any other hazardous objects, and particular care should be taken with regard to production of that kind;

Amendment 7 #

Antanas GUOGA, Luis de GRANDES PASCUAL

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas ~~not all 3D-printing production of objects is unlawful, nor are all operators in the sector producing counterfeit objects~~it should be remembered that, contrary to the concerns expressed by some actors, not all 3D-printing production of objects is automatically assumed to be illegal or infringes third-party rights, nor are all operators in the sector aiming to profit from the sale of counterfeit goods; whereas, however, counterfeited items can be produced easily;

Amendment 8 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

N. whereas Directive 85/374/EEC on liability for defective products covers all contracts; whereas it should be noted that it is progress in 3D printing amongst other things that has led the Commission to undertake a ~~revision of that Directive to check whether it still meets current need~~public consultation with the aim of assessing whether this Directive is fit for purpose in relation to new technological developments;

Amendment 9 #