2018/2004(INI) Cyber defence
Lead committee dossier:
Progress: Procedure completed
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | AFET |
PAET Urmas ( ALDE)
|
LÓPEZ-ISTÚRIZ WHITE Antonio ( PPE),
MOODY Clare ( S&D),
FOTYGA Anna ( ECR),
TARAND Indrek ( Verts/ALE),
CASTALDO Fabio Massimo ( EFDD),
SCHAFFHAUSER Jean-Luc ( ENF)
|
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54
Legal Basis:
RoP 54Subjects
Events
2018/06/13
EP - Results of vote in Parliament
Documents
2018/06/13
EP - Decision by Parliament
Details
The European Parliament adopted by 476 votes to 151 with 36 abstentions, a resolution on cyber defence.
The EU and the Member States face an unprecedented threat in the form of politically motivated, state-sponsored cyber-attacks as well as cyber-crime and terrorism. Given its current vulnerability mainly due to the fragmentation of European defence strategies, there is an urgent need to strengthen the EU’s capabilities in the field of cyber defence.
Capability development for cyber defence : Parliament underlined that a common cyber defence policy should constitute core elements in the development of the European Defence Union (EDU). It called for a coherent development of cyber capacities across all EU institutions and bodies, as well as in the Member States.
Members urged the Member States to cooperate closely in the development of their respective cyber defence , using a clear roadmap, with a view to better streamlining cyber defence structures across the Member States. A European secure network for critical information and infrastructure should be developed.
Member States were urged to make the best possible use of the framework provided by the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) and the European Defence Fund to propose cooperation projects.
Members welcomed the two cyber projects to be launched in the framework of PESCO, namely the Cyber Threats and Incident Response Information Sharing Platform and the Cyber Rapid Response Teams and Mutual Assistance in Cyber Security. They hoped it would lead to the creation of a European cyber rapid response team , which would coordinate, detect and counter collective cyber threats.
Education and training : Parliament called on the EU and the Member States to strengthen their cooperation in education, training and exercises. It strongly support the Military Erasmus Programme and other common training and exchange initiatives among young military personnel. It s tressed the need to strengthen awareness and expertise in the field of cybersecurity. All Member States should inform, educate and advise businesses, schools and citizens about cybersecurity and the major digital threats.
EU-NATO cooperation on cyber defence : the Council was called on to consider ways of providing, at soon as possible, Union-level support for integrating the cyber domain into Member States military doctrines , in a harmonised manner and in close cooperation with NATO. Members were convinced of the importance of increased cooperation between the EU and NATO as a means of preventing, detecting and deterring cyber attacks.
International norms : Members called for mainstreaming cyber defence capabilities into the CFSP and the external action of the EU and its Member States and called for closer coordination on cyber defence between the Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United Nations, the United States and other strategic partners, in particular as regards rules, norms and enforcement measures in cyber space. Member States should further implement the common and comprehensive EU approach to cyber diplomacy and existing cyber norms, and to draw up, together with NATO, EU-level criteria for, and definitions of what constitutes, a cyber-attack so as to improve the EU's ability to quickly come to a common position following an internationally wrongful act in the form of a cyber-attack.
Civil-military cooperation : Parliament called on all stakeholders to reinforce knowledge transfer partnerships, implement appropriate business models in order to create synergies and port solutions between the civilian and military markets – in essence a European single market for cyber security and cyber-security products , with the view to preserving and strengthening the EU’s strategic autonomy.
Member States should further support the European cyber security industry and reduce the administrative burden, particular for SMEs and to promote closer cooperation with university research organisations with a view to reducing dependencies on cyber security products from external sources and to creating a strategic supply chain inside the EU to enhance its strategic autonomy.
The resolution also called for:
a roadmap for a coordinated approach to European cyber defence; international cooperation and multilateral initiatives to build stringent cyber defence and cyber security frameworks to counter state capture by corruption, financial fraud, money laundering, the financing of terrorism; tackle the challenges posed by cyber terrorism and by crypto currencies and other alternative payment methods.
At the institutional level , Parliament suggested that the Member States launch a new PESCO cyber cooperative programme with a view to supporting quick and effective planning, command and control of present and future EU operations and missions. This should lead to better coordination of operational capacities in cyber space, and may lead to the development of a common cyber defence command when the European Council so decides.
Documents
2018/06/13
EP - End of procedure in Parliament
2018/06/12
EP - Debate in Parliament
Documents
2018/05/25
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Details
The Committee on Foreign Affairs adopted the own-initiative report by Urmas PAET (ALDE, EE) on cyber defence.
The EU and the Member States face an unprecedented threat in the form of politically motivated, state-sponsored cyber-attacks as well as cyber-crime and terrorism. Given its current vulnerability mainly due to the fragmentation of European defence strategies, there is an urgent need to strengthen the EU’s capabilities in the field of cyber defence.
Capability development for cyber defence : the report underlined that a common cyber defence policy should constitute core elements in the development of the European Defence Union (EDU). It called for a coherent development of cyber capacities across all EU institutions and bodies, as well as in the Member States, and for providing needed political and practical solutions to overcoming the remaining political, legislative and organisational obstacles to cooperation on cyber defence.
Members urged the Member States to cooperate closely in the development of their respective cyber defence, using a clear roadmap , thereby feeding into a process coordinated by the Commission, the European External Action Service (EEAS) and the European Defence Agency (EDA) with a view to better streamlining cyber defence structures across the Member States. A European secure network for critical information and infrastructure should be developed.
Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) and the European Defence Fund (EDF) : these are new initiatives with the necessary scope to foster an ecosystem that can provide opportunities for SMEs and start-up companies, and to facilitate cooperative projects in the cyber defence domain, and both will contribute to shape the regulatory and institutional framework. Member States are urged to make the best possible use of the framework provided by PESCO and the EDF to propose cooperation projects. They w elcomed two cyber projects to be launched, namely an information-sharing platform for cyber incidents and cyber rapid response teams. They hope it will lead to the creation of a European cyber rapid response team, which would coordinate, detect and counter collective cyber threats.
Education and training : the report noted that a streamlined EU cyber defence education and training landscape would significantly mitigate threats. Members strongly support the Military Erasmus Programme and other common training and exchange initiatives aimed at enhancing the interoperability of the armed forces of the Member States and the development of a common strategic culture through an increased exchange of young military personnel. Further awareness raising and expertise in the area of cyber security is needed.
EU-NATO cooperation on cyber defence : the Council is called on to consider ways of providing, at soon as possible, Union-level support for integrating the cyber domain into Member States military doctrines, in a harmonised manner and in close cooperation with NATO. Members are convinced that increased cooperation between EU and NATO is important and useful in the area of cyber defence as a means to prevent, detect and deter cyber-attacks.
International norms : Members called for mainstreaming cyber defence capabilities into the CFSP and the external action of the EU and its Member States and called for closer coordination on cyber defence between the Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United Nations, the United States and other strategic partners, in particular as regards rules, norms and enforcement measures in cyber space. Member States should further implement the common and comprehensive EU approach to cyber diplomacy and existing cyber norms, and to draw up, together with NATO, EU-level criteria for, and definitions of what constitutes, a cyber-attack so as to improve the EU's ability to quickly come to a common position following an internationally wrongful act in the form of a cyber-attack.
Civil-military cooperation : noting the pivotal role that private cyber-security firms play in early warning and attribution of cyber-attacks, Members called on all stakeholders to reinforce knowledge transfer partnerships, implement appropriate business models and develop trust between companies and defence and civilian end-users. More practical support should be given to the European cyber security industry and other relevant economic actors, to reduce bureaucratic burdens, in particular for SMEs and to promote closer cooperation with university research organisations with a view to reducing dependencies on cyber security products from external sources and to creating a strategic supply chain inside the EU to enhance its strategic autonomy.
In this regard, Members encouraged the Commission to integrate cyber defence elements into a network of European cybersecurity competence and research centres, also in view of providing sufficient resources to dual use cyber capabilities and technologies within the next MFF.
The report also called for:
a roadmap for a coordinated approach to European cyber defence; international cooperation and multilateral initiatives to build stringent cyber defence and cyber security frameworks to counter state capture by corruption, financial fraud, money laundering, the financing of terrorism; tackle the challenges posed by cyber terrorism and by cryptocurrencies and other alternative payment methods.
Institutional reinforcement : Members called for:
the Member States to engage in more ambitious cooperation in the cyber domain within PESCO; the Member States and the VP/HR to present an EU white book on security and defence ; the creation of an EU Council on Defence; the European Defence Fund to be maintained or even boosted in the next MFF, with a sufficient budget earmarked for cyber defence; increased resources to modernise and streamline cyber security and intelligence dissemination between the EEAS/European Union Intelligence and Situation Centre (INTCEN), the Council and the Commission.
Documents
2018/05/16
EP - Vote in committee
2018/04/11
EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2018/02/27
EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2018/01/18
EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2018/01/16
EP - PAET Urmas (ALDE) appointed as rapporteur in AFET
Documents
- Results of vote in Parliament: Results of vote in Parliament
- Decision by Parliament: T8-0258/2018
- Debate in Parliament: Debate in Parliament
- Committee report tabled for plenary: A8-0189/2018
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE620.817
- Committee draft report: PE618.310
- Committee draft report: PE618.310
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE620.817
Activities
- Javier COUSO PERMUY
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate) ES
- Agustín DÍAZ DE MERA GARCÍA CONSUEGRA
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate) ES
- Georgios EPITIDEIOS
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate) EL
- Eugen FREUND
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate) DE
- Antanas GUOGA
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate)
- Nadja HIRSCH
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate) DE
- Tunne KELAM
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate)
- Arne LIETZ
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate) DE
- Monica MACOVEI
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (A8-0189/2018 - Urmas Paet) RO
- Dominique MARTIN
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate) FR
- Notis MARIAS
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate) EL
- Clare MOODY
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate)
- Marietje SCHAAKE
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate)
- Jaromír ŠTĚTINA
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate) CS
- Adam SZEJNFELD
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (A8-0189/2018 - Urmas Paet) PL
- Janusz ZEMKE
Plenary Speeches (1)
- 2016/11/22 Cyber defence (debate) PL
Votes
A8-0189/2018 - Urmas Paet - Résolution 13/06/2018 13:13:23.000 #
2018/06/13 Outcome: +: 476, -: 151, 0: 36
NI
GUE/NGL| Amendments | Dossier |
| 338 |
2018/2004(INI)
2018/04/11
AFET
338 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 a (new) - having regard to Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union,
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Recital -A c (new) -Ac. whereas the mutual defence clause, article 42(7) of the TEU provides a mutual obligation of aid and assistance by all means of power in case of an armed aggression on a territory of a Member State; whereas this shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States; whereas the solidarity clause, article 222 of the TFEU, complements the mutual defence clause providing that EU countries are obliged to act jointly where an EU country is the victim of a terrorist attack or a natural or man-made disaster; whereas the solidarity clause implies the use of both civilian and military structures;
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors – Russia, China, Iran and North Korea, among others – have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that include attacks on critical infrastructure, cyber-espionage, disinformation campaigns and limiting access to the internet (such as Wannacry, NonPetya); whereas such activities could constitute wrongful acts under international law and could lead to a joint EU response, such as using the EU cyber diplomacy toolbox;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors – Russia, Iran, China and North Korea, among others – have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that include attacks on critical infrastructure, cyber-espionage, disinformation campaigns and limiting access to the internet (such as Wannacry, NonPetya); whereas such activities could constitute wrongful acts under international law and could lead to a joint EU response, such as using the EU cyber diplomacy toolbox;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O a (new) Oa. whereas cyber security technologies ("dual-use" technologies) are relevant to the military and civilian domains and offer many opportunities to develop synergies between civilian and military actors in a number of areas, such as for example encryption, security and vulnerability management tools, intrusion detection and prevention systems;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O a (new) Oa. whereas such attacks on a large scale were performed numerous times in the past, including against Estonia in 2007, Georgia in 2008, and currently are being used almost on a daily basis against Ukraine; whereas offensive cyber capabilities are also being employed against EU and NATO Member States at an unprecedented scale;
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O a (new) Oa. whereas the development of cyber technologies during the next years will affect new fields, like artificial intelligence, the internet of things, robotics and mobile devices, and all these elements could also present several security implications for the defence domain;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O b (new) Ob. whereas the cyber commands established by several Member States can make a substantial contribution to the protection of vital civilian infrastructure and whereas cyber defence related knowledge is often equally useful in the civilian domain;
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 1 Capability development for cyber defence deterrence
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph -1 (new) -1. Underlines that common cyber defence policy and substantial cyber defence capability should constitute one of the cores of the development of the European Defence Union;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph -1 (new) -1 Welcomes the initiative of the European Commission for a cybersecurity package to foster EU cyber resilience, deterrence and defence;
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph -1 a (new) -1a. Recalls that cyber defence has both military and civilian dimensions and that this requires an integrated policy approach and close cooperation between military and civilian stakeholders;
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Recital -A d (new) -Ad. whereas while cyber defence remains a core competence of the Member States, the EU has a crucial role to play in providing a platform for European cooperation and in ensuring that these new endeavours are closely coordinated from the start to avoid the inefficiencies that mark many traditional defence efforts;
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph -1 b (new) -1b. Strongly emphasises that, in the framework of the emerging European Defence Union, cyber defence capabilities of Member States should be closely integrated from the start to ensure maximum efficiency; urges, therefore, the Member States to cooperate closely in the development of their respective cyber commands;
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph -1 c (new) -1c. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that – as with other military branches, and also owing to the borderless nature of cyberspace – the scale required for truly comprehensive and effective forces is beyond the reach of any single Member State and therefore efforts to pursue a common cyber defence policy should be intensified;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph -1 d (new) -1d. Calls on working towards coherent development of cyber capacities across all EU institutions and bodies, as well as in Member States and on providing needed political and practical solutions to overcome the remaining political, legislative and organisational obstacles for the cooperation on cyber defence; finds regular and enhanced exchange and cooperation between relevant public stakeholders on EU and national level in cyber defence crucial;
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Commends the work done by the E
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Commends the work done by the EDA and the Commission in the field of cyber defence; notes in particular the EDA projects on
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Believes that there is an urgent need to clarify terminology with regards to cyber defence and cyber security and in particular at the EU level; underlines the need for a common terminology standard also on what a cyber attacks should legitimately be considered to be, before developing further cyber security and cyber defence policies at EU level;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Calls on the Member States and the Commission to address the issue of intentionally delayed disclosures of security vulnerabilities in a systematic and stricter manner; recalls that the nature of digital technology leaves little room for compromises and that that either all users are well-protected or they are all vulnerable; believes that the highest priority for Member States should be the duty to care about the best possible protection of their citizens, infrastructure and economic operators also in the digital age and that they are obliged to invest in highly resilient digital infrastructure and related systems;
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the cyber defence of Europe’s armed forces
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 c (new) 1c. Calls on the Member States and the Commission to focus on a defensive aspect of cyber defence at EU level also in order to strengthen the international rule of law and the protection of data of citizens, infrastructure and economic operators alike; underlines that the EU's cyber defence policy must rely on the one hand on preventive elements such as investments in resilience; believes on the other hand that citizens, governments, infrastructure, and economic operators are best protected in the EU in case a comprehensive toolbox is available for responding to cyber-attacks by hostile states and criminals; stresses that it is of crucial importance to communicate clearly and publicly about all the instruments in the EU's toolbox ranging from far reaching economic sanctions to law enforcement measures;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Welcomes the two cyber projects to be launched in the framework of PESCO, namely an information-sharing platform for cyber incidents and a rapid response team for cyber incidents; underlines that these two projects focus on a defensive cyber policy which aims at sharing of cyber threat intelligence through a networked Member State platform and Cyber Rapid Response Teams (CRRTs) which will allow Member States to help each other to ensure higher level of cyber resilience and to collectively detect, recognise and mitigate cyber threats;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Welcomes the cyber projects to be launched in the framework of PESCO, namely an information-sharing platform for cyber incidents and
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; s
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that – as with other military branches, and also owing to the borderless nature of cyberspace – the scale required for truly comprehensive and effective forces
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the cyber defence of Europe’s armed forces and critical infrastructure has become one of the cr
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that – as with other military branches, and also owing to the borderless nature of cyberspace – the
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that – as with other military branches, and also owing to the borderless nature of cyberspace – the scale required for truly comprehensive and effective forces is beyond the reach of any single Member State and cooperative action is required to achieve the goal of EU strategic autonomy in cyberspace;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that – as with other military branches, and also owing to the borderless nature of cyberspace – the scale required for truly comprehensive and effective forces is
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that – as with other military branches, and also owing to the borderless nature of cyberspace – the scale required for truly comprehensive and effective forces is beyond the reach of any single Member State; calls for the development of European legal framework to address cybercrime that is compatible with fundamental rights, data protection, cybersecurity, consumer protection and e- commerce;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many Member
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that – as with other military branches, and also owing to the borderless nature of cyberspace – the scale required for truly comprehensive and effective forces is beyond the reach of any single Member State; notes against this backdrop that the EU and its Member States find themselves under time pressure regarding the development of such forces and need to act immediately;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that – as with other military branches, and also owing to the borderless nature of cyberspace – the scale required for truly comprehensive and effective forces is beyond the reach of any single Member State; welcomes in this regard the proposed permanent mandate and strengthened role for ENISA;
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that – as with other military branches, and also owing to the borderless nature of cyberspace – the scale and knowledge required for truly comprehensive and effective forces is beyond the reach of any single Member State;
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Notes that the EU’s capability to develop cyber defence projects depends on control of technologies, equipment, services, data and data processing, and has to rely on a trusted industry stakeholder base;
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the term cyber defence has not yet been defined at EU level and its implications in terms of policies, its offensive, or defensive nature, its budgets, institutions and personnel remain unclear; whereas resilience against cyber attacks of Europe’s armed forces has become one of the critical issues in debates about defence modernisation and Europe’s common defence efforts;
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. S
Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4.
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Strongly emphasises, therefore, that
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4.
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Strongly emphasises, therefore, that
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Strongly emphasises, therefore, that, in the framework of the emerging European Defence Union, cyber defence capabilities of Member States should be
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Strongly emphasises, therefore, that, in the framework of the emerging European Defence Union, cyber defence capabilities of Member States should be closely integrated from the start to ensure maximum efficiency; urges, therefore, the Member States to cooperate closely in the development of their respective cyber commands and that therefore cyber defence should be at the forefront of the European Defence Union;
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Strongly emphasises, therefore, that, in the framework of the emerging European Defence Union, cyber defence capabilities of Member States should be closely integrated from the start to ensure maximum efficiency; urges, therefore, the Member States to cooperate closely in the development of their respective cyber commands, thereby feeding into a process coordinated by the European Commission and the EDA to better streamline cyber defence structures across Member States;
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Strongly emphasises, therefore, that, in the framework of the emerging European Defence Union, cyber defence capabilities of Member States should be closely integrated from the start to ensure maximum efficiency; urges
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Strongly emphasises, therefore, that, in the framework of the emerging European Defence Union, cyber defence capabilities of Member States should be closely integrated from the start to ensure maximum efficiency; urges, therefore, the Member States to cooperate closely in the development of their respective cyber commands; calls, furthermore, on the Member States to create additional common platforms for the exchange of experience and expertise in specific cyber fields;
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the cyber defence of Europe’s armed forces has become one of the critical issues in debates about defence modernisation and Europe’s common defence efforts as well as a key element for future developments of the armed forces and their operations;
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Strongly emphasises, therefore, that, in the framework of the emerging European Defence Union, cyber defence capabilities of Member States should be closely integrated from the start to ensure maximum efficiency; urges, therefore, the Member States to cooperate closely in the development of their respective cyber commands ; underlines that such cooperation should also be implemented through the enhancement of the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA);
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Recalls that efforts to improve the homogeneity of command systems aim to have available command assets that are interoperable with NATO countries and occasional partners, and to guarantee a smooth exchange of information so as to speed up the decision-making loop and keep control of information in a cyber- risk context;
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Calls on the Commission and Member States to build on the PESCO project for national Cyber Rapid Response Teams and Mutual Assistance in Cyber Security, by establishing a European Cyber Rapid Response Team to coordinate, detect and counter collective cyber threats in support of the participating Member States’ efforts;
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Strongly believes effective prevention and forecasting would require big data, expertise and artificial intelligence to study patterns; Is of the opinion that we should develop an European Secure Network for critical information and infrastructure;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Urges the Member States, in this context,
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Urges the Member States, in this context, to make the best possible use of the framework provided by PESCO and othe
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Urges the Members States to increase financial and personal resources, in particular forensic experts, in order to improve the attribution of cyber attacks;
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Reco
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Recommends finding ways to complement NATO Smart Defence projects (e.g. the Multinational Cyber Defence Capability Development, the Malware Information Sharing Platform (MISP) and the Multinational Cyber Defence Education & Training (MN CD E&T));
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the cyber defence and deterrence of Europe’s armed forces has become one of the critical issues in debates about defence modernisation and Europe’s common defence efforts;
Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Recognising the emerging developments in areas such as nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, big data, e-waste and advanced robotics, urges Member States and the EU to provide special attention towards the possible exploitation of these areas by hostile state actors and organized criminal groups; calls for training and capability development to protect against the emergence of sophisticated criminal schemes such as complex identity frauds and counterfeiting of goods;
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Recognizes that due to the changing environment of cyber threats, a stronger and structured cooperation with police forces could be advisable, especially in some critical areas, such as cyber-jihad, cyber-terrorism, radicalisation on line and funding of extremist or radical organisations;
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Emphasises the need for more terminological clarity about security in cyberspace, as well as a comprehensive and integrated approach and joint efforts to counter cyber and hybrid threats, to detect and eradicate online extremist and criminal safe havens, by strengthening and increasing information sharing between the EU and EU agencies such as Europol, Eurojust, EDA and ENISA;
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Underlines the growing role of artificial intelligence in both cyber offence and defence; urges the EU and Member States to pay special attention to this area both during research and practical development of their cyber defence capabilities;
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 2 a (new) Strongly emphasizes that with the deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles, whether armed or not, additional measures should be taken to reduce their potential cyber vulnerabilities;
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Emphasises that cyber defence should be considered an operational task for CSDP missions and operations, and that it should be included in all CSDP planning processes
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Recognises that planning a successful
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Recognises that planning a successful CSDP mission or operation
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Recognises that planning a successful CSDP mission or operation requires substantial cyber defence expertise, both at operational headquarters and within the mission itself, to conduct a thorough threat assessment and provide adequate protection in the field; calls on the EEAS
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the cyber defence of Europe’s armed forces has become one of the critical issues in debates about defence modernisation and
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Recognises that planning a successful CSDP mission or operation requires substantial cyber defence expertise, both at operational headquarters and within the mission itself, to conduct a thorough threat assessment and provide adequate protection in the field; calls on the EEAS, and on the Member States providing headquarters for CSDP
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Recognises that planning a successful CSDP mission or operation requires substantial cyber defence expertise, both at operational headquarters and within the mission itself, to conduct a thorough threat assessment and provide adequate protection in the field; calls on the EEAS, and on the Member States providing headquarters for CSDP operations, to strengthen their cyber defence expertise to ensure the safety of the EU’s missions; notes that there is a limit to how well any CSDP mission can be prepared to protect itself from cyber attacks and that CSDP missions should anticipate operating in a contested cyberspace environment and may find themselves with limited access to information;
Amendment 172 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Recognises that planning a
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Stresses that all CSDP mission and operation planning needs to be accompanied by a thorough assessment of the cyber threat landscape; notes that the threat taxonomy prepared by the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) provides a suitable template for such an assessment; recommends the creation of cyber- resilience assessment capability for CSDP HQs;
Amendment 174 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Recognises, in particular, th
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 2 a (new) Recognizes the EDA Training Needs Analysis which has brought up major Cyber Defence skills and competencies shortfalls among decision makers, not only in Member States and welcomes the EDA initiatives on Senior Decision Maker courses within Member States in support of CSDP missions and operations planning;
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Recognises that CSDP missions and operations will usually involve Member States that are also NATO Members, and as such, close cooperation with NATO will be required in the planning of such missions;
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 3 Cyber defence education
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Notes that streamlined EU cyber- defence education and training landscape would significantly mitigate threats and calls on the EU and Member States to increase their cooperation in education, training and exercises;
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. S
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the cyber defence of Europe’s armed forces has become one of the critical issues in debates about defence modernisation and Europe’s common defence efforts; whereas the current vulnerability is mostly due to the fragmentation of our European defence strategies and capabilities;
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Strongly supports the Military Erasmus initiative aimed at enhancing the interoperability of the armed forces of the Member States through an increased exchange of young officers; believes however that exchanges for training and education in the field of cyber defence should go beyond this initiative and include military personnel from all ranks and students from all academic institutions with educational programs in cyber security; stresses that there is a need for more experts in the cyber defence domain; calls on
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Strongly supports the Military Erasmus initiative aimed at enhancing the interoperability of the armed forces of the Member States through an increased exchange of young
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Strongly supports the Military Erasmus initiative aimed at developing a common strategic culture by enhancing the interoperability of the armed forces of the Member States through an increased exchange of young officers; stresses that there is a need for more experts in the cyber defence domain; calls on the military academies to pay more attention to, and create more possibilities in, the field of cyber defence education;
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Strongly supports
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. S
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Strongly supports the Military Erasmus initiative aimed at enhancing the interoperability of the armed forces of the Member States through an increased exchange of young officers;
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Strongly supports the Military Erasmus initiative aimed at enhancing the interoperability of the armed forces of the Member States through an increased exchange of young officers and other military personnel; stresses that there is a need for more experts in the cyber defence domain; calls on the military academies to pay more attention to, and create more possibilities in, the field of cyber defence education; welcomes the introduction by France, with the support of Portugal and Belgium, of an EU pilot module on cyber defence; encourages Member States to foresee the necessary means in their budgets to increase their pool of cyber security experts;
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Strongly supports the Military Erasmus initiative aimed at enhancing the interoperability of the armed forces of the Member States through an increased exchange of young officers; stresses that there is a need for more experts in the cyber defence domain; calls on the military academies to pay more attention to, and create more possibilities in, the field of cyber defence education, so that we can increase our cyber talent pool available for CSDP mission’s needs;
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Calls on all Member States to sufficiently and proactively inform, raise awareness and advise companies, schools and citizens about cyber security and the main actual digital threats; welcomes in this regard cyber guides as a tool to guide citizens and organizations towards a better cyber security strategy, to boost cyber security knowledge and improve cyber resilience across the board;
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Stresses that there is a need for more experts in the cyber defence domain; calls on Member States to facilitate cooperation between military and non-military academia to bridge this gap and provide for integrated higher cyber education; calls on the military academies to integrate cyber defence education into their curricula;
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas EU Member States are often subject to cyber attacks conducted by state and non-state actors that represent a threat to their political, civil, economic and military security, and that are in some cases part of a hybrid warfare; whereas such attacks, no matter if they have military or civilian targets, are equally dangerous and consequently need a coordinated response at civil and military level; whereas it is essential to protect critical civilian and military infrastructure, and key institutions and entities;
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Recognises that by their nature, cyber operations are a sensitive domain requiring application of strict 'need to know' principles, while acknowledging the need for a wider, general awareness of the threat;
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 b (new) 10b. Notes that, given the need for more specialised personnel, the focus of the Member States should not only be on recruitment of competent armed forces personnel, but also on the retention of needed specialists;
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Welcomes the introduction by France, with the support of Portugal and Belgium, of a
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Welcomes the introduction by France, with the support of Portugal and Belgium, of an EU pilot module on cyber defence; calls for close monitoring of the outcomes and the future implementation of similar programs in other member states in light of positive results;
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Strongly encourages the development of the Cyber Defence Education, Training and Exercise and Evaluation Platform, within the ESDC, with a view to upscaling the training and education opportunities within the Member States;
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Welcomes the implementation – by eleven member states (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Finland, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden) of the Cyber Ranges Federation project – of the first of four cyber defence projects launched under the EDA Pooling and Sharing agenda; calls on the other Member States to join this initiative; calls on the Member States to promote greater mutual availability of virtual cyber defence training and cyber ranges;
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Welcomes the implementation – by eleven member states of the Cyber Ranges Federation project – of the first of four cyber defence projects launched under the EDA Pooling and Sharing agenda; calls on the Member States to promote greater mutual availability of virtual cyber defence training and cyber ranges; in this regard, the role of ENISA and its expertise should be also considered;
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Notes with apprehension the lack of qualified IT professionals working in the field of cybersecurity; urges Member States to invest in education to foster training both in the civil and military sector of IT experts;
Amendment 199 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Believes that such initiatives contribute to improving the quality of education in the cyber defence field at EU level, in particular through the creation of wide-ranging technical platforms and the establishment of a community of EU experts; stresses the need to identify weaknesses in the computer systems of both the Member States and the EU institutions; recognises that human error is one of the most frequently identified weaknesses in cybersecurity systems and therefore calls for regular training of both military and civilian personnel working for EU institutions;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 b (new) - having regard to the work of the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace,
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas intelligence agencies have repeatedly exploited security vulnerabilities of IT systems in order to gather intelligence; whereas governments and their agencies have failed to inform citizens, manufacturers and other stakeholders in due time in order to allow them to address the vulnerabilities in their corresponding products and services; whereas this modus operandi relies on the risky assumption that no hostile actor discovers these vulnerabilities in parallel;
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Believes that such initiatives contribute to improving the quality of education in the cyber defence field at EU level, in particular through the creation of wide-ranging technical platforms and the establishment of a community of EU experts; believes that European armed forces can broaden their appeal by providing comprehensive cyber defence training to attract and retain cyber talent;
Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Encourages more exchanges of situational awareness through table top cyber exercises and coordinating respective capability-development efforts aimed toward the achievement of more interoperability and better prevention and response to future attacks; calls for conducting such projects with NATO allies and other partners with extensive experience in countering cyber attacks, such as Taiwan; in this regard, welcomes the EU involvement in cyber exercises such as CODE (Cyber Offence and Defence Exercise);
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14.
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14.
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Strongly encourages the development of a collaborative platform, the planned Cyber Defence Education, Training
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Strongly encourages the development of a collaborative platform, the planned Cyber
Amendment 207 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Strongly encourages the development of a collaborative platform, the planned Cyber Defence Education, Training and Exercise Coordination Platform, within the ESDC with a view to facilitating the pooling and sharing of training and exercises; calls on the EDA to launch the Cyber Defence Training and Exercise Coordination Platform to support the Cyber Ranges Federation as soon as possible with a focus towards strengthening cooperation on harmonized requirements, fostering cyber defence research and technology innovations, and collectively assisting third countries in building their capacities to create resilience in cyber security;
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to complement these initiatives with a dedicated European Centre of Excellence for Cyber Defence Training to provide expert training for the most promising recruits, in support of the participating Member States’ cyber training;
Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. Recalls the need of developing more joint exercises between EU armed forces, in order to develop operational readiness, common procedures and standards to comprehensively face different cyber threats;
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas repeated cyber-attacks have revealed vulnerabilities in networks that are essential to EU security; whereas these attacks make stepping up the defence and development of EU offensive and defensive capabilities a matter of priority;
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. Reminds that resilient cyber space requires impeccable cyber hygiene; calls on all public and private stakeholders to conduct regular cyber hygiene trainings for all members of their staff;
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 b (new) 14b. Recommends to increase the exchange of expertise and lessons learned between armed forces, police forces and other state bodies active in Member States and involved in the fight against cyber threats;
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 b (new) 14b. Reiterates that, on the basis of their common values and strategic interests, the EU and NATO have a special responsibility and capacity to address the increasing cyber security and cyber defence challenges more efficiently and in close cooperation by looking for possible complementarities, without duplication and with respect for their respective responsibilities;
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. Calls on the Council to consider, working with other relevant EU institutions and structures, ways to provide, at the earliest convenience possible, Union-level support for integrating the cyber domain into Member States military doctrines, in a harmonized manner, and in close cooperation with NATO;
Amendment 215 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 Amendment 216 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Calls for identifying new initiatives to further cooperation between EU and NATO, taking into account as well the possibilities of cooperating within the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence and the NATO Communications and Information (NCI) Academy which aims to increase the training capabilities on IT and cyber systems, both software and hardware regarding cyber defence, including a dialogue with NATO on the possibility of EU joining the Centre as a party to increase complementarity and collaboration for the good of citizens in both the EU and NATO; welcomes the recent creation of the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats;
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Calls for identifying new initiatives to further cooperation between EU and NATO, taking into account as well the possibilities of cooperating within the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCD COE) and the NATO Communications and Information (NCI) Academy; welcomes the recent creation of the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats;
Amendment 218 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Calls for identifying new initiatives to further cooperation between EU and NATO, taking into account as well the possibilities of cooperating within the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence and the NATO Communications and Information (NCI) Academy; welcomes the recent creation of the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats; urges all relevant institutions to regularly meet to discuss their activities in order to avoid overlaps and encourage a coordinated approach towards cyber defence;
Amendment 219 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Calls for identifying new initiatives to further cooperation between EU and NATO, taking into account as well the possibilities of cooperating within the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence and the NATO Communications and Information (NCI) Academy; welcomes the recent creation of the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats; believes that it is crucial to stimulate the exchange of cyber threat intelligence data, based on mutual trust, between EU Member States and with NATO;
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas cyber defence is of importance for the military, but more generally it is important for governments, industries, consumers and citizens as cyber incidents have a strong economic and societal impact;
Amendment 220 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Calls for the implementation in practice of measures already committed to; calls for identifying new initiatives to further cooperation between the EU and NATO, taking into account as well the possibilities of cooperating within the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence and the NATO Communications and Information (NCI) Academy; welcomes the recent creation of the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats;
Amendment 221 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Is convinced that increased cooperation between EU and NATO is
Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Is convinced that increased cooperation between EU and NATO is vital in the area of cyber defence to prevent, detect and deter cyber attacks; calls, therefore, on both organisations to increase their operational cooperation and coordination, and to expand their joint capacity-building efforts, in particular joint exercises and training for cyber defence staff;
Amendment 224 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Is convinced that increased cooperation between EU and NATO is vital in the area of cyber defence; calls, therefore, on both organisations to increase their operational cooperation and coordination, and to expand their joint capacity-building efforts, in particular joint training for cyber defence staff and EU participation in NATO smart defence projects;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Is convinced that increased cooperation between EU and NATO is vital in the area of cyber defence; calls, therefore, on both organisations to increase their operational cooperation and coordination, and to expand their joint capacity-building efforts, in particular joint training for civilian and military cyber defence staff;
Amendment 226 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Is convinced that increased cooperation between EU and NATO is vital in the area of cyber defence; calls, therefore, on both organisations to increase their operational cooperation and coordination, and to expand their joint capacity-building efforts, in particular joint training for cyber defence staff; considers it vital that the EU and NATO step up the sharing of intelligence in order to enable the formal attribution of cyberattacks and consequently enable the imposition of restrictive sanctions to those responsible for cyberattacks;
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Is convinced that increased cooperation between EU and NATO is vital in the area of cyber defence; calls, therefore, on both organisations to increase their operational cooperation and coordination, and to expand their joint capacity-building efforts, in particular joint training for cyber defence staff; urges both organisations to cooperate more closely also on the cyber aspects of crisis management;
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16a. Welcomes the exchange of concepts to integrate cyber defence requirements and standards into planning and conduct of missions and operations to foster interoperability and expresses the hope that this will be followed up by more operational cooperation on ensuring the cyber defence of respective missions and synchronisation of operational approaches;
Amendment 229 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas the lines between civil and military interference become blurry in the cyberspace;
Amendment 230 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Welcomes the arrangement between the EU’s Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) and the NATO Computer Incident Response Capability aimed at facilitating the exchange of information, logistical support
Amendment 231 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Welcomes the arrangement between the EU’s Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) and the NATO Computer Incident Response Capability aimed at facilitating the exchange of information, logistical support and the sharing of best practices, nationally and within NATO; stresses that it is important to encourage information exchanges between CERTs and to work towards increasing the level of trust;
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Welcomes the arrangement between the EU’s Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-EU) and the NATO Computer Incident Response Capability (NCIRC) aimed at facilitating the exchange of information, logistical support and the sharing of best practices; stresses that it is important to encourage information exchanges between CERT
Amendment 233 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Welcomes the arrangement between the EU’s Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) and the NATO Computer Incident Response Capability aimed at facilitating the exchange of information, logistical support and the sharing of best practices; stresses that it is important to encourage information exchanges between CERTs and to work towards increasing the level of trust; believes that there is an assumption that information held by CERT could be of use to cyber defence research and NATO and that this information should be shared providing full conformity with EU data protection legislation is applied;
Amendment 234 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Urges the EU and NATO to organise regular training sessions and strategic level exercises with the participation of the top political leadership of both organisations; welcomes, in this regard, the Estonian exercise EU CYBRID 2017 where, for the first time, the Secretary General of NATO participated in an EU exercise;
Amendment 237 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Notes that there is substantial scope for a more ambitious and concrete cyber defence cooperation programme that goes beyond the conceptual level of cooperation in the context of specific operations; urges both organisations to implement in practice and effectively all that already exists and to present more ambitious proposals for the next review of the implementation of the Joint Statement;
Amendment 239 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Notes that there is substantial scope for a more ambitious and concrete cyber defence cooperation programme that goes beyond the conceptual level of cooperation in the context of specific operations; urges both organisations to present more ambitious proposals for the next review of the implementation of the Joint
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A b (new) Ab. whereas there is neither a fully- fledged defensive nor an offensive cyber defence policy which is currently operational at the EU level; whereas an offensive cyber defence policy can include elements, approaches and instruments whose use can amount to being considered a breach of international law; whereas the EU is best placed to develop a defensive cyber defence which primarily relies on highly resilient systems and strong restrictive economic counter measures such as sanctions against persons or states;
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20a. Welcomes the NATO Industry Cyber Partnership (NICP) established in 2014, and seeks EU engagement in cooperative NICP efforts to connect NATO-EU cooperation with industry leaders specialized in cyber technologies to advance cyber security through continued collaboration with particular focus towards: trainings, exercises, and education for both NATO, EU and industry representatives, EU and industry inclusion in NATO Smart Defence projects, collaborative information sharing and best practices for preparedness and recovery between NATO, EU and industry, pursuit of jointly developed capabilities for cyber defence, and to ensure collaborative responses to cyber incidents when and where appropriate;
Amendment 241 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20a. Notes the ongoing work on the Proposal for a Regulation revising ENISA Regulation (No 526/2013) and laying down a European ICT security certification and labelling framework; calls on ENISA to sign an agreement with NATO to increase their practical cooperation, including the sharing of information and participation in cyber defence exercises;
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20a. Emphasises the need to mainstream cyber defence into external action and common foreign and security policy, and calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between the Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United States and other credible partners;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 b (new) 20b. Calls on a clear proactive approach towards cyber security and cyber defence and the strengthening of the EU’s cyber diplomacy capacity and instruments across the board, so that they can effectively reinforce the EU’s norms and values, as well as help the parties concerned to reach consensus on rules, norms and enforcement measures in cyberspace globally;
Amendment 244 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Regrets that, after several months of negotiations, the 2016-2017 UN Group of Governmental Experts
Amendment 245 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Regrets that, after several months of negotiations, the UN Group of Governmental Experts failed to adopt a consensus report; recalls, however, that existing international law applies to cyberspace and that the 2013 and 2015 UNGGE reports still provide relevant guidelines, in particular as regards the
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Regrets that, after several months of negotiations, the UN Group of Governmental Experts failed to adopt a consensus report; recalls, however, that international law, and the United Nations Charter in particular, applies to cyberspace
Amendment 247 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Regrets that, after several months of negotiations, the UN Group of Governmental Experts failed to adopt a consensus report; recalls, however, that international law applies
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Regrets that, after several months of negotiations, the UN Group of Governmental Experts failed to adopt a consensus report; recalls, however, that international law applies to cyberspace and that the 2013 and 2015 UNGGE reports still provide relevant guidelines, in particular as regards the prohibition for states to conduct or knowingly support cyber activities contrary to their obligations under international rules; calls on the EU to assume a leading role in the ongoing and future debates on international norms in cyberspace;
Amendment 249 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21a. Notes in this regard the importance of article 2(4) of the UN Charter States, which calls on states to refrain from the threat or use of force against the political independence of any state; believes that this includes a prohibition to pursue or knowingly support coercive cyber operations intended to disrupt the technical infrastructure essential to the conduct of official participative procedures in another state, including elections and referenda;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A c (new) Ac. whereas a large number of cyber incidents occur due to lack of resilience and robustness of private and public network infrastructure, poorly protected or secured databases and other flaws in the critical information infrastructure; whereas only few Member States consider the protection of their network and information systems and associated data as part of their respective duty of care which explains the lack of investment in state-of-the art security technology, training and the development of appropriate guidelines;
Amendment 250 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Notes the relevance of the Tallinn Manual 2.0
Amendment 251 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Notes the relevance of the Tallinn Manual 2.0 in this context as a
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Notes the relevance of the Tallinn Manual 2.0 in this context as an excellent basis for a debate on how international law applies to cyberspace;
Amendment 253 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Notes the relevance of the Tallinn Manual 2.0 in this context as an excellent basis for a debate on how international law
Amendment 254 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Notes the relevance of the Tallinn Manual 2.0 in this context as an excellent basis for a debate on how international law applies to cyberspace, both during peacetime and periods of armed conflict; notes that it is now time for the Member States to start analysing and applying what the experts have stated in the Tallinn Manual;
Amendment 255 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Notes the relevance of the Tallinn Manual 2.0 in this context as an excellent basis for a debate on how international law applies to cyberspace; notes that it is now time for the Member States to start
Amendment 256 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Confirms its full commitment to a
Amendment 257 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Confirms its full commitment to an open, free, stable and secure cyberspace, which respects the core values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, and where international disputes are
Amendment 258 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Confirms its full commitment to an open, free, stable and secure cyberspace, which respects the core values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, and where international disputes are settled by peaceful means; calls on the Member States to promote further implementation of the common and comprehensive EU approach to cyber diplomacy and draw up, together with NATO, EU-level criteria and definitions of what constitutes a cyber attack so as to improve the EU's ability to quickly come to a common position following an internationally wrongful act in the form of a cyber attack; strongly supports the development of voluntary, non-binding norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace;
Amendment 259 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Confirms its full commitment to an open, free, stable and secure cyberspace, which respects the core values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, and where international disputes are settled by peaceful means; calls on the Member States to promote further implementation of the common and comprehensive EU approach to cyber diplomacy; strongly supports the development of voluntary, non-binding norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace, as well as the creation of an attribution organization within an international agreement to address the issue of the attribution of an attack;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A d (new) Ad. whereas the rights to privacy and data protection are laid down in the EU Charter and Article 16 TFEU and are regulated by the EU's General Data Protection Regulation whose entry into application will be May 2018;
Amendment 260 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Confirms its full commitment to an open, free, stable and secure cyberspace, which respects the core values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, and where international disputes are settled by peaceful means on the basis of the UN Charter and principles of international law; calls on the Member States to promote further implementation of the common and comprehensive EU approach to cyber diplomacy; strongly supports the development of voluntary, non-binding norms of responsible state behaviour in
Amendment 261 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Confirms its full commitment to an open, free, stable and secure cyberspace, which respects the core values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, and where international disputes are settled by peaceful means; calls on the Member States to promote further implementation of the common and comprehensive EU approach to cyber diplomacy; strongly supports the development of voluntary, non-binding norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace, in conjunction with the creation of regional confidence-building measures;
Amendment 262 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Confirms its full commitment to an open, free, stable and secure cyberspace, which will allow States to promote their interests, but will respect
Amendment 263 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Confirms its full commitment to an open, free, stable and secure cyberspace, which respects the core values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, and where international disputes are settled by peaceful means; calls on the Member States to promote further implementation of the common and comprehensive EU approach to cyber diplomacy; strongly supports the development and implementation of voluntary, non-binding norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace and regional confidence building measures;
Amendment 264 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Confirms its full commitment to an open, free, stable and secure cyberspace, which respects the core values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, and where international disputes are settled by peaceful means; calls on the Member States to promote further implementation of the common and comprehensive EU approach to cyber diplomacy; strongly supports the development of voluntary, non-binding norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace; Supports in this context the work of the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace to develop proposals for norms and policies to enhance international security and stability and guide responsible state and non-state behaviour in cyberspace; endorses the proposal that state and non- state actors should not conduct or knowingly allow activity that intentionally and substantially damages the general availability or integrity of the public core of the Internet, and therefore the stability of cyberspace;
Amendment 265 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Confirms its full commitment to an open, free, stable and secure cyberspace, which respects the core values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, and where international disputes are settled by peaceful means; calls on the Member States to promote further
Amendment 266 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23a. Stresses the need to strengthen cyber-diplomacy as a cross-sectional task in the EU’s foreign policy and its capacities and instruments across the board, so that they can effectively reinforce the EU’s norms and values, as well as lead to the reaching of consensus on the rules, norms and enforcement measures in cyberspace globally;
Amendment 267 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23a. Recognizes that a majority of the technological infrastructure is owned or operated by the private sector, and therefore, that close cooperation, consultation, and inclusion of the private sector and civil society groups through multi-stakeholder dialogue is essential to ensuring an open, free, stable and secure cyberspace;
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Re
Amendment 269 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Recognises that, owing to difficulties in enforcement, bilateral agreements between states do not always bring expected results; considers, therefore, that building coalitions within groups of like-minded countries willing to generate consensus constitutes an effective way to complement multi
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas several Member States have invested substantially in setting up
Amendment 270 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Recognises that, owing to difficulties in enforcement, bilateral agreements between states do not always bring expected results; considers, therefore, that building coalitions within groups of like-minded countries willing to generate consensus constitutes an effective way to complement multilateral efforts; stresses the importance of the role of local authorities in the process of technological innovation and data sharing in order to step up the fight against crime and terrorist activities;
Amendment 271 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24a. Welcomes the adoption by the Council of the framework for joint EU diplomatic responses to malicious cyber activities, the so-called EU Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox; supports the possibility for the EU to take restrictive measures against adversaries attacking its Member States in cyberspace, including a possible imposition of sanctions;
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 Amendment 274 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls on the strengthening of the EU’s cyber diplomacy capacity and instruments across the board, so that they can effectively reinforce the EU’s norms and values, as well as help the parties concerned to reach consensus on rules, norms and enforcement measures in cyberspace globally, eventually leading to a binding non-proliferation agreement;
Amendment 275 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls on the strengthening of the EU’s cyber diplomacy capacity and instruments across the board, so that they can effectively reinforce the EU’s norms and values, as well as help the parties concerned to reach consensus on rules, norms and enforcement measures in cyberspace globally; reminds that it is of utmost importance to establish and enforce international norms and values such as the UN Charter also in cyberspace;
Amendment 276 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25.
Amendment 277 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 a (new) 25a. Considers that cyber attacks such as NotPetya and WannaCry are either state directed or take place with the knowledge of the state and its approval; notes that these cyber attacks which cause serious and lasting economic damage as well as being a threat to life, are clear breaches of international law and legal norms; believes therefore that the case of NotPetya and WannaCry represent breaches of international law for which the Russian Federation and North Korea respectively are culpable and should face commensurate and appropriate responses from the EU and NATO;
Amendment 278 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 a (new) 25a. Promote within Europol’s Cybercrime Centre a focal point for law enforcement divisions and government agencies dedicated to cybercrime whose primary responsibility would be to manage the defence of both the dot-eu domains and critical infrastructure of the EU networks during an attack; emphasises that such a focal point should also be mandated to exchange information and provide nations with assistance;
Amendment 279 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 a (new) 25a. Emphasises the importance of the development of norms regarding privacy and security , regarding encryption , hate speech, disinformation and terrorism threats;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas several Member States have invested substantially in setting up well-staffed cyber commands to meet these new challenges; whereas cyber defence is
Amendment 280 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 b (new) 25b. Recommends that EU Member States embrace an obligation to assist a fellow Member State under cyber attack and to ensure national cyber accountability in close cooperation with NATO;
Amendment 281 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 Amendment 282 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on
Amendment 283 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on all stakeholders to reinforce knowledge transfer partnerships, implement appropriate business models and develop trust between companies and defence and civilian end-users, as well as to improve the transfer of academic knowledge into practical solutions, in order to create synergies and port solutions between the civilian and military
Amendment 284 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Emphasises that the dual- use nature of cyber-technologies would need to integrate cybersecurity into the Common Defence and Security Policy and to promote synergies between military ad civilian efforts; Calls on all stakeholders to reinforce knowledge transfer partnerships, implement appropriate business models and develop trust between companies and defence and civilian end-users, as well as
Amendment 285 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on all stakeholders to reinforce knowledge transfer partnerships, implement appropriate business models and develop trust between companies and defence and civilian end-users, as well as to improve the transfer of academic knowledge into practical solutions, in order to create synergies and port solutions between the civilian and military markets – in essence a single market for cybersecurity and cyber security products;
Amendment 286 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on all stakeholders to
Amendment 287 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on all stakeholders to reinforce knowledge transfer partnerships, implement appropriate business models and develop trust between companies and defence and civilian end-users, as well as to improve the transfer of academic knowledge into practical solutions, in order to create synergies and port solutions between the civilian and military markets – in essence a single market for cybersecurity; notes the pivotal role that private cybersecurity firms play in early warning and attribution of cyber attacks;
Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Recalls the importance of R&D, in particular in the light of the high-level security requirements in the defence market; urges the
Amendment 289 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Recalls the importance of R&D, in particular in the light of the high-level security requirements in the defence market; urges the EU and the Member States to give more practical support to
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas several Member States have invested substantially in setting up well-staffed cyber commands to meet
Amendment 290 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Recalls the importance of R&D, in particular in the light of the high-level security requirements in the defence market; urges the EU and the Member States to give more practical support to the EU cyber-security industry, in particular SMEs and start-ups (key sources of innovative solutions in the area of cyber defence), and to promote closer cooperation with university research organisations and large players with a view to reducing dependencies on cyber security products form external sources
Amendment 291 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Recalls the importance of R&D, in particular in the light of the high-level security requirements in the defence market; urges the EU and the Member States to give more practical support to the E
Amendment 292 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27.
Amendment 293 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Recalls the importance of R&D, in particular in the light of the high-level security requirements in the defence market; urges the EU and the Member States to give more practical support to the EU cyber-security industry, in particular SMEs and start-ups (key sources of innovative solutions in the area of cyber defence), and to promote closer cooperation with university research organisations and large players with a view to reducing dependencies on cyber security products form external sources and to creating a strategic supply chain inside the EU; notes, in this context, the valuable contribution that can be made by the
Amendment 294 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Recalls the importance of R&D, in
Amendment 295 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 a (new) 27a. Encourages the Commission to integrate cyber defence elements into the Network of European Cybersecurity Competence and Research Centers, also in view of providing sufficient resources to dual use cyber capabilities and technologies within the next Multiannual Financial Framework;
Amendment 296 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 Amendment 297 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Notes that the protection of civilian critical infrastructure assets, in particular information systems and associated data, is becoming a vital defence task
Amendment 298 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Notes that the protection of civilian critical infrastructure assets is becoming a vital
Amendment 299 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Notes that the protection of civilian critical infrastructure assets is becoming a vital defence task that should form part of the remit of national cyber commands; stresses that this will require a level of trust
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 15 a (new) - having regard to its resolution of 3 October 2017 on the fight against Cybercrime,
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas several Member States have invested substantially in setting up well-staffed cyber commands to meet these new challenges; whereas cyber defence
Amendment 300 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Notes that the protection of public and other civil
Amendment 301 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Notes that the protection of civilian critical infrastructure assets is
Amendment 302 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Notes that the protection of civilian critical infrastructure assets is
Amendment 303 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Notes that the protection of civilian critical infrastructure assets is becoming a vital defence task that should form part of the remit of national and European cyber commands; stresses that this will require a level of trust, and the closest possible cooperation, between military actors and the affected industries, and urges all stakeholders to take this into account in their planning processes;
Amendment 304 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 28. Notes that the protection of civilian critical infrastructure assets is becoming a vital defence task that should form part of the remit of national cyber commands; stresses that this will require a level of trust, and the closest possible cooperation, between military actors and the affected industries, and urges all stakeholders to take this into account in their planning processes; urges more cross-border cooperation, whilst fully respecting EU data protection legislation, on law enforcement related to taking down malicious cyber activity;
Amendment 305 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 a (new) 28a. Calls on all Member States to focus national cyber security strategies on the protection of information systems and associated data and to consider the protection of this critical infrastructure as part of their respective duty of care; urges the Member States to adopt and implement strategies, guidelines and instruments that provide reasonable levels of protection against reasonably identifiable levels of threats, with costs and burdens of the protection proportionate to the probable damage to the parties concerned; calls on Member States to take appropriate steps to oblige legal persons under their jurisdictions to protect personal data under their care;
Amendment 306 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 28 a (new) 28a. Encourages close cooperation between EU agencies such as EDA, ENISA, the European Cybercrime Centre in a cross-sectoral approach in order to promote synergies and avoid overlapping;
Amendment 307 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29.
Amendment 308 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29. Calls on the E
Amendment 309 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29. Calls on the EEAS and EDA, in close cooperation with the Commission, to
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas we have a largely ungoverned and unregulated cyberspace and cyber attacks are targeting several countries and have a cross border impact, whereas several Member States have invested substantially in setting up well- staffed cyber commands to meet these new challenges but a lot remains to be done as it is more and more difficult to counter cyber attacks at the Member State level; whereas cyber defence is an activity that can best be tackled cooperatively at an European level and in coordination with our partners and allies as its operational domain recognises neither national nor organisational boundaries;
Amendment 310 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Calls for cyber security capacity building through development cooperation, taking into account that in the coming years millions of new internet users will go online, most of them in developing countries; recalls that when Europe's surroundings are vulnerable, then Europe is vulnerable too; notes that increasing server capacity and cyber in the Southern and Eastern Neighbourhood might be used for deploying cyber-attacks against private actors in Europe, Member States, and the Union itself; emphasizes, moreover, an increasing use of online platforms will give greater access for adept asymmetric powers to feed rivalling, polarizing or even extremist narratives to the detriment of the European Union's relations or reputation in these countries, as seen in North America and Europe;
Amendment 311 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Calls for cyber security capacity building through development cooperation, taking into account that in the coming years millions of new internet users will go online, most of them in developing countries; calls on Member States and the Commission to focus in particular on relevant European companies and their obligations to protect data of third country citizens well and including the provision of resilient information and data infrastructure especially since the primary consideration for hardware purchases in developing countries is often the affordability of the hardware, not its security profile;
Amendment 312 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Calls for cyber security capacity building through development cooperation, taking into account that in the coming years millions of new internet users will go online, most of them in developing countries; taking also into account that cyber crimes are increasing in the world and that illicitly financial flows moves instantly around the globe through cyberspace; taking additionally into account that corruption, tax fraud and tax evasion and other economic and financial crimes are cyber-enabled and often imply a degree of capture of governments and political establishments;
Amendment 313 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Calls for cyber security capacity building through development cooperation, as well as constant education and cyber - awareness training, taking into account that in the coming years millions of new internet users will go online, most of them in developing countries, thus strengthening the resilience of countries and societies vis-à-vis cyber and hybrid threats;
Amendment 314 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 – subparagraph 1 (new) Calls for international cooperation and multilateral initiatives to build stringent cyber defence and cyber security frameworks to counter state capture by corruption, financial fraud, money laundering, the financing of terrorism, and in order to tackle the challenges arising out of cyber terrorism and out of cryptocurrencies and other alternative payment methods;
Amendment 315 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 a (new) 30a. Notes that cyber attacks such as NotPetya spread quickly, thereby causing indiscriminate damage, unless there is widespread resilience globally; believes that cyber defence training and education should form part of the EU’s external action and that building cyber resilience in third countries contributes to international peace and security ultimately making European citizens safer;
Amendment 316 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 a (new) 30a. Calls for further coordination between the EEAS, NATO and the European Commission on civil threats that could destabilize political systems and have greater implications, such as the dissemination of false information, most notably in cases where there are hubs of such activity such as the city of Veles in the Former Yugoslavic Republic of Macedonia;
Amendment 317 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 Amendment 318 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 Amendment 319 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas several Member States have invested substantially in setting up well-staffed cyber commands to meet these new challenges; whereas cyber defence is an activity that can best be tackled cooperatively as its operational domain
Amendment 320 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 Amendment 321 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31.
Amendment 322 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Emphasises the need to mainstream cyber defence capabilities into external action and common foreign and security policy, and calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between the Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United Nations, the United States
Amendment 323 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Emphasises the need to mainstream cyber defence into external action and common foreign and security policy, and calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between the Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United States and other
Amendment 324 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31.
Amendment 326 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 a (new) 31a. Calls on the Member States to have more ambitious cooperation in the cyber domain within PESCO; suggests to Member States to launch a new PESCO cyber cooperative programme in order to support quick and effective planning, command and control of present and future EU operations and missions; notes that this should lead to better coordination of operational capacities in cyberspace and may lead to the development of a common cyber defence command when the European Council so decides;
Amendment 327 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 b (new) 31b. Repeats its call on the Member States and the VP/HR to present an EU White Book on Security and Defence; calls on the Member States and the VP/HR to make cyber defence and deterrence a corner stone of the White Book covering both the protection of the cyber domain for operations laid down in article 43 and common defence laid down in Article 42(7) TEU;
Amendment 328 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 c (new) 31c. Notes that the new PESCO cyber cooperative programme should be led by both high-ranking military and civilian staff from each member state, on a rotating basis, and be accountable to the EU ministers of defence in the PESCO format and the VP/HR , in order to foster the principles of trust among member states and EU institutions and agencies concerning the sharing of information and intelligence;
Amendment 329 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 d (new) 31d. Repeats its call to create an EU Council on Defence built out of the existing EDA ministerial Steering Board and the PESCO format of the EU ministers of defence, in order to guarantee prioritization, operationalization of resources and effective cooperation and integration among Member States;
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas several Member States have invested substantially in setting up well-staffed cyber commands to meet these new challenges and improve cyber resilience; whereas cyber defence is an activity that can best be tackled cooperatively as its operational domain recognises neither national nor organisational boundaries;
Amendment 330 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 e (new) 31e. Repeats its call to create a Directorate-General (DG) on defence and space within the European Commission; calls on the Commission to concentrate the defence against Cyber attacks in this future DG in order to protect EU data links and own space capabilities, e.g. Copernicus and Galileo;
Amendment 331 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 f (new) 31f. Recalls the need to ensure that the European Defence fund is kept on, or even boosted in the next multi-annual financial framework, with a sufficient budget for Cyber defence;
Amendment 332 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 g (new) 31g. Calls for increased resources to modernize and streamline cyber security and intelligence dissemination between the European External Action Service/European Union Intelligence and Situation Centre (INTCEN), Council and Commission;
Amendment 334 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 h (new) 31h. Recognises that private companies play a key role in preventing, detecting, containing and responding to cyber security incidents, not just as an industry provider of technology but also including non-IT provision services;
Amendment 335 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 i (new) 31i. Recognises the private sectors role in preventing, detecting, containing and responding to cyber security incidents along with its role in stimulating innovation in cyber defence and thus calls for enhanced cooperation with the private sector to ensure shared insights of EU and NATO requirements and assistance in helping to find common solutions;
Amendment 336 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 j (new) 31j. Calls on the EU to perform a comprehensive review of software, IT and communications equipment and infrastructure used in the institutions in order to exclude potentially dangerous programs and devices and to ban the ones that have been confirmed as malicious, such as Kaspersky Lab;
Amendment 337 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Instructs its President to forward this resolution
Amendment 338 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the European Council, the Council, the Commission, the VP/HR,
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas several Member States have invested substantially in setting up well-staffed cyber commands to meet these new challenges; whereas cyber defence is an activity that can best be tackled cooperatively as its operational domain
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas several Member States have invested substantially in setting up well-staffed cyber commands to meet these new challenges; whereas cyber defence is an activity that can best be tackled cooperatively as its operational domain recognises neither national nor organisational boundaries; whereas cyber defence does not distinguish between military and civilian tasks, and therefore requires synergies between civil and military specialists in order to undertake it;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas several Member States
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas several Member States have invested substantially in setting up well-staffed cyber commands to meet these new challenges; however much more needs to be done; whereas cyber defence is an activity that can best be tackled cooperatively as its operational domain recognises neither national nor organisational boundaries;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas there is an urgent need to strengthen capabilities in the field of cyber defence due to the lack of a timely response to the changing cyber security landscape; whereas rapid response and adequate preparedness are key elements in ensuring security in this area;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 16 — having regard to the Joint Declaration of the Presidents of the European Council and the European Commission and of the Secretary-General of NATO of 8 July 2016
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas while cyber defence remains a core competence of the Member States, the EU has a
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas while cyber defence remains a core competence of the Member States, the EU has a
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas while cyber defence remains a core competence of the Member States, the EU has a vital role to play in ensuring that these new endeavours are closely coordinated from the start to avoid the inefficiencies that mark many traditional defence efforts; whereas
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas while cyber defence remains a core competence of the Member States,
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas while cyber defence remains a core competence of the Member States, the EU has a vital role to play in ensuring that these new endeavours are closely coordinated from the start to avoid
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas while cyber defence remains a core competence of the Member States, the EU has a vital role to play in ensuring that these new endeavours are closely coordinated from the start to avoid the inefficiencies that mark many traditional defence efforts; whereas a credible cyber defence and deterrence is needed for achieving effective cybersecurity for the EU and a substantial cyber defence capa
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas while cyber defence remains a core competence of the Member States, the EU has a vital role to play in ensuring that these new endeavours are closely coordinated from the start to avoid the inefficiencies that mark many
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas while cyber defence remains a core competence of the Member States, the EU has a vital role to play in ensuring that these new endeavours are closely coordinated from the start to avoid the inefficiencies that mark many traditional defence efforts; whereas a substantial cyber defence capability is a necessary part of the development of the European Defence Union; whereas the protection of our network and information security is a core competence of the European Union and should be an essential part of the European Digital Single Market;
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 16 a (new) - having regard to its resolution of 22 November 2012 on Cyber Security and Defence (2012/2096(INI)),
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas the 2016 NATO Summit Declaration of Warsaw recognised cyberspace as a domain of operations in which NATO must defend itself as effectively as it does in the air, on land and at sea;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas an active and efficient cyberpolicy is one that allows deterring enemies as well as disrupting capabilities, pre-empting and degrading the ability to attack;
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the EU has contributed in improving Member States cyber defence capabilities,
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the EU
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas both Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) and the European Defence Fund (EDF) are new initiatives with the necessary scope to facilitate cooperative projects in the field of cyber defence
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas both Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) and the European Defence Fund (EDF)
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas both Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) and the European Defence Fund (EDF) are new initiatives with the necessary scope to facilitate cooperative projects in the cyber defence domain and will contribute to shape the regulatory and institutional framework;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas Member States participating in PESCO have committed
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas Member States participating in PESCO have committed themselves to ensuring that cooperation efforts on cyber defence – such as information sharing, training and operational support – will continue to grow; whereas each Member State has full sovereignty over information classified as ‘confidential defence’ or ‘secret defence’ and whereas said information should not be shared with private companies or companies linked to mercenary practices;
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) Fa. whereas among the seventeen projects selected for PESCO, two projects are in the field of cyber defence;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 17 a (new) - having regard to the Commission's Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on ENISA, the "EU Cybersecurity Agency", and repealing Regulation (EU) 526/2013, and on Information and Communication Technology cybersecurity certification (''Cybersecurity Act'') of 13 September 2017,
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas training needs in the area of cyber defence are substantial and increasing, and
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas training needs in the area of cyber defence are substantial and increasing, and are most efficiently met cooperatively at the E
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas training needs in the area of cyber defence are substantial and increasing, and are often most efficiently met cooperatively
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas capacity building and training needs in the area of cyber defence are substantial and increasing, and are most efficiently met cooperatively at the European level;
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas training needs in the area of cyber defence are substantial and increasing, and are most efficiently met cooperatively at the European or Transatlantic level;
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) Ga. whereas the European Defence Fund (EDF) needs to support the global competitiveness and innovativeness of the European defence industry by investing in digital and cyber technologies as well as provide opportunities for SMEs and start- up companies to participate in order to facilitate development of smart solutions;
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the EDA has launched a number of projects to meet Member States’ need for cyber defence capability development, including on education and training such as the Cyber Defence Training & Exercises Coordination Platform (CD TEXP), Demand Pooling for Cyber Defence Training and Exercise support by the private sector (DePoCyTE) and the Cyber Ranges project;
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the EDA has launched a number of projects to meet Member States’ need for cyber defence capability development, including on education
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas there are other ongoing EU projects in the area of situational awareness, malware detection and information sharing (Malware Information Sharing Platform (MISP), Multi-Agent System For Advanced persistent threat Detection (MASFAD));
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the European Security and Defence College (ESDC) network is
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Recital -A (new) -A. whereas cyber and hybrid challenges, threats and attacks constitute a major threat to the security, defence, stability and competitiveness of the EU, its Member States and its citizens; whereas cyber defence clearly incorporates both military and civilian dimensions;
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the European Security and Defence College (ESDC) network is
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas the EU and NATO
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas the EU and NATO are complementary partners in building their cyber resilience; whereas cyber security and defence is already one of the strongest pillars of cooperation between the two and a critical field where both have unique capacities and they should therefore step up cooperation, including through joint exercises; whereas the EU and NATO have agreed to a broad agenda of cooperation in the EU-NATO Joint Declaration of 8 July 2016;
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas the EU and NATO have agreed to a broad agenda of cooperation in the EU-NATO Joint Declaration of 8 July 2016; whereas four out of forty two proposals for closer cooperation concern cyber security and defence, with further proposals aiming at hybrid threats more broadly; whereas this has been complemented by a further proposal regarding cyber security and defence on 5 December 2017;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas the EU and NATO have agreed to a broad agenda of cooperation in the EU-NATO Joint Declaration of 8 July 2016; whereas in 2014, NATO established cyber security as part of the Alliance's core collective defence activities, and in 2016 it identified cyberspace as an operational domain alongside land, air and sea;
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J a (new) Ja. whereas CSDP missions and operations like all modern organisations are deeply reliant on functioning IT systems; whereas cyber threats to CSDP missions and operations can exist at different layers ranging from the tactical layer (CSDP mission and operation) and operational layer (EU networks), to a broader global IT infrastructure;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K K. whereas command and control systems, information exchange and logistics rely on classified and unclassified IT infrastructure, especially at the tactical and operational level; whereas these systems are attractive targets for malicious actors seeking to attack missions and critical infrastructures of Member States and the Union;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K K. whereas command and control systems, information exchange and logistics rely on classified and unclassified IT infrastructure, especially at the tactical and operational level; whereas these systems are attractive targets for malicious actors
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K K. whereas command and control
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K a (new) Ka. whereas several terrorist groups and organisations use the cyberspace as a low-cost tool for recruitment, radicalization and dissemination of terrorist propaganda; whereas terrorist groups, non-state actors and transnational criminal networks use cyber-operations to raise funds anonymously, gather intelligence and develop cyber arms to wage cyber-terror campaigns, to disrupt, damage or destroy critical infrastructure, to attack financial systems and to pursue other illegal activities with relevant implications for the security of the European citizens;
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Recital -A a (new) -Aa. whereas the EU and the Member States face an unprecedented threat in the form of politically motivated state- sponsored cyber-attacks as well as cyber- crime and terrorism;
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas it is well understood that cyber defence is an important consideration at all stages of the planning process, and
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas cyber defence
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas cyber defence is an important consideration at all stages of the planning process, and whereas an adequate
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas cyber defence is an important consideration at all stages of the planning process as well as requiring constant monitoring, and whereas adequate capabilities need to be available to mainstream it fully into mission planning and provide continuous critical support;
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas the UN Group of Governmental Experts on Information Security (UNGGE) has concluded its last round of deliberation; whereas even though it failed to arrive at a consensus report
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas the UN Group of Governmental Experts on Information Security (UNGGE) has concluded its last round of deliberation; whereas even though it
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas the UN Group of Governmental Experts on Information Security (UNGGE) has concluded its last round of deliberation; whereas even though it failed to arrive at a consensus report this time, the 2015 and 2013
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N N. whereas the recently launched framework for a joint EU diplomatic response to malicious cyber activities, the EU cyber diplomacy toolbox – aimed at developing the EU’s and Member States’ capacities in order to influence the behaviour of potential aggressors – foresees the use of proportionate measures within the CFSP, including, if necessary, restrictive measures;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors – Russia, China and North Korea,
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors – Russia, China
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Recital -A b (new) -Ab. whereas cyber space is widely recognized as the 5th operational domain by the military enabling the development of cyber defence capabilities; whereas debates are held whether to recognize cyber space as the 5th domain of warfare;
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors – Russia, China and North Korea, among others – have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that include attacks on critical infrastructure, cyber-espionage, disinformation campaigns and limiting access to the internet (such as Wannacry, NonPetya); whereas these attacks are also often conducted by the non-state actors (such as criminal groups), inspired or hired by such states; whereas also terrorist organisations have gained capabilities of performing such attacks; whereas such activities could constitute wrongful acts under international law and could lead to a joint EU
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors – Russia, China and North Korea, among others – have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that include attacks on critical infrastructure, cyber-espionage, aiding disinformation campaigns and limiting access to the internet (such as Wannacry,
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different non-state and state actors – Russia, China and North Korea, among others – have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors – Russia, China, Iran and North Korea, among others – have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that include attacks on critical infrastructure (such as Wannacry, NonPetya), cyber-espionage, disinformation campaigns and limiting access to the internet
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas different state actors – Russia, Turkey, China and North Korea, among others – have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that include attacks on critical infrastructure, cyber-espionage, disinformation campaigns and limiting access to the internet (such as Wannacry, NonPetya); whereas such activities could constitute wrongful acts under international law and could lead to a joint EU response, such as using the EU cyber diplomacy toolbox;
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2021-12-18Show (10) Changes | Timetravel
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