BETA


2018/2157(INI) Council’s annual report in accordance with the operative provision 8 of the European Union Code of Conduct on arms exports

Progress: Procedure completed

RoleCommitteeRapporteurShadows
Lead AFET KELAM Tunne (icon: PPE PPE), PAET Urmas (icon: ALDE ALDE), VALERO Bodil (icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE), CASTALDO Fabio Massimo (icon: EFDD EFDD), SCHAFFHAUSER Jean-Luc (icon: ENF ENF)
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54

Events

2018/11/14
   EP - Results of vote in Parliament
2018/11/14
   EP - Decision by Parliament
Details

The European Parliament adopted by 427 votes to 150, with 97 abstentions, a resolution on arms exports: implementation of Common Position 2008/944/CFSP.

According to the latest figures, arms exports from the EU-28 amounted to over 27 % of the global total in 2013-2017, which would make the EU collectively the second largest arms supplier in the world after the US (34 %), with Russia following at 22 %.

Common Position 2008/944/CFSP is a legally binding framework laying down eight criteria for exports of military technology and equipment. However, they are applied and interpreted in different ways by Member States.

Arms exports and transfers have an undeniable impact on human rights and human security, on socio-economic development and on democracy. Members stated that this justified establishing a strict, transparent and effective arms control system that is established and accepted by all parties.

Strengthening the common position and improving its implementation : Parliament called for a uniform, consistent and coordinated application of the eight criteria and full implementation of the common position and all related obligations.

Members deplored the lack of systematic application of the eight criteria by Member States and the fact that military technologies does not reach destinations and end-users that do not meet the criteria set out in the common position. They requested an independent assessment of the Member State's compliance with the criteria of the common position and suggested launching a process to develop a sanction mechanism against Member States that do not comply with the common position.

Members called for a precautionary principle to be added to the risk assessment method for export authorisations. Member States should therefore assess the risks in the light of the overall situation in the country of destination, taking into account factors such as the state of democracy and the rule of law and its socio-economic development. Member States and the EEAS were invited to use the ongoing review process to str engthen the mechanisms for exchanging information on risk assessments related to authorisations.

Saudi Arabia : arms exported to countries such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi-led coalition have been used in conflicts such as Yemen . Parliament stated that these exports were clearly in violation of the common position and reiterated its call for the urgent need to impose an arms embargo on Saudi Arabia.

Members congratulated Member States such as Germany and the Netherlands , which have changed their position on the Yemeni conflict while regretting that other Member States seem not to take into account the behaviour of the destination country and the end user of the exported arms and ammunition.

In addition, Parliament expressed its dismay at the quantities of weapons and ammunition manufactured in the EU, which were found in the hands of Da’esh in Syria and Iraq . It noted the effective non-compliance by Bulgaria and Romania with the common position with regard to retransfers that contravene the provisions of the end-user certificate. It called on all Member States to refuse similar transfers in the future and demanded the strict application of the common position as regards licensed production in third countries.

Review of the common position : Parliament recalled the detrimental effect that insufficiently controlled exports of cybersurveillance technologies by EU companies can have on the security of the EU’s digital infrastructure and on respect for human rights. In this respect, it stressed the importance of a rapid, effective and comprehensive update of the EU’s Dual-Use Regulation.

Members suggested that the scope of the eight criteria be extended : they should also cover the transfer of military, security and police personnel, know-how and training related to arms exports, security technologies and armed and private security services. In addition, a new criterion should be added to ensure that corruption risks related to exports are duly taken into account in the granting of export authorisations.

The Member States and the EEAS are called on to cooperate closely in order to prevent risks arising from the diverting and stockpiling of weapons , such as illegal arms trafficking and smuggling.

Conventional Arms Exports annual report (COARM) : Parliament criticised the fact that a number of Member States did not make full submissions to the nineteenth annual report on the basis of detailed, country-specific data. They suggested that a standardised verification and reporting system should be established to provide more detailed and exhaustive information. It also called for a transparent and robust control mechanism which bolsters the role of parliaments and of civil society .

International arms control and disarmament : Members believe that the EU should meet its increased responsibility for peace and security in Europe and the world by means of further improved export control mechanisms and disarmament initiatives. They reiterated their call for a ban on exports of products used in the development and production of autonomous lethal weapon systems.

Documents
2018/11/14
   EP - End of procedure in Parliament
2018/11/13
   EP - Debate in Parliament
2018/10/16
   EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Details

The Committee on Foreign Affairs adopted an own-initiative report by Sabine LÖSING (GUE/NGL, DE) on arms exports: implementation of Common Position 2008/944/CFSP.

According to the latest figures, arms exports from the EU-28 amounted to over 27 % of the global total in 2013-2017, which would make the EU collectively the second largest arms supplier in the world after the US (34 %), with Russia following at 22 %.

Arms exports and transfers have an undeniable impact on human rights and human security, on socio-economic development and on democracy. These are strong reasons for establishing a strict, transparent, effective and commonly accepted and defined arms control system . Common Position 2008/944/CFSP is a legally binding framework laying down eight criteria for exports of military technology and equipment.

The defence sector has become a focal point of EU policy, with the European Global Strategy (EUGS) stating that 'a sustainable, innovative and competitive European defence industry is essential for Europe’s strategic autonomy and for a credible CSDP’. Arms exports are key to boosting the industrial and technological basis for European defence .

Bolstering the Common Position and improving its implementation : Members called on the Member States to overcome the current lack of efficiency in defence spending due to duplication, fragmentation and lack of interoperability, and to aim for the EU to become a security provider also by better controlling arms exports.

The report noted that the eight criteria are applied and interpreted in different ways by Member States. It called for a uniform, consistent and coordinated application of the eight criteria and full implementation of the Common Position with all its obligations.

It considered it necessary to launch a process leading to a mechanism which sanctions those Member States which do not comply with the Common Position.

Members recommended that the risk assessment method for export authorisations should incorporate a precautionary principle. They considered that Member States should also assess the risks in the light of the overall situation in the country of destination, taking into account factors such as the state of democracy and the rule of law and its socio-economic development. With this in mind, Member States and the EEAS should strengthen information exchange mechanisms by making available qualitatively and quantitatively better information for export licensing risk assessments.

The report criticised the systematic failure to apply the eight criteria by Member States and the fact that military technology does reach destinations and end users that do not meet the criteria laid down in the Common Position.

Members repeated their call for an independent assessment of Member States' compliance with the eight criteria of the Common Position.

Member considered that exports to Saudi Arabia, the UAE and other members of the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen are non-compliant with at least criterion 2 because of those countries' involvement in grave breaches of humanitarian law as established by competent UN authorities. They reiterated their call of 13 September 2017 regarding the urgent need to impose an arms embargo on Saudi Arabia and congratulated those Member States, such as Spain, Germany and the Netherlands, which have changed their practice as regards the Yemen conflict.

Members reiterated the detrimental effect that insufficiently controlled exports of cyber surveillance technologies by EU companies can have on the security of the EU’s digital infrastructure and on respect for human rights.

They stressed the importance of a rapid, effective and comprehensive update of the EU’s Dual-Use Regulation . They encouraged the Member States to undertake a more detailed examination of licensed production by third countries and to ensure stronger safeguards against undesired uses.

While noting that the Council is conducting a reassessment of the implementation of the Common Position, Members called for it to be reviewed. They called for the eight criteria to be extended and applied also to the transfer of military, security and police personnel, to arms exports-related services, know-how and training, security technology and to private military and security services.

The Member States and the EEAS are called on to cooperate closely in order to prevent risks arising from the diverting and stockpiling of weapons , such as illegal arms trafficking and smuggling.

Conventional Arms Exports annual report (COARM) : Members criticised the fact that a number of Member States did not make full submissions to the nineteenth annual report on the basis of detailed, country-specific data. They suggested that a standardised verification and reporting system should be established to provide more detailed and exhaustive information.

Parliament and civil society : the report underlined the important role of national parliaments, the European Parliament, civil society, arms export control authorities and industry associations in both supporting and encouraging the Common Position’s agreed standards at national and EU level and in establishing a transparent, accountable control system. In this regard, it called for a transparent and robust control mechanism which bolsters the role of parliaments and of civil society.

International arms control and disarmament : Members believe that the EU should meet its increased responsibility for peace and security in Europe and the world by means of further improved export control mechanisms and disarmament initiatives. They reiterated their call for a ban on exports of products used in the development and production of autonomous lethal weapon systems.

Documents
2018/10/09
   EP - Vote in committee
2018/09/12
   EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2018/07/05
   EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2018/06/29
   EP - Committee draft report
Documents

Documents

Activities

Votes

A8-0335/2018 - Sabine Lösing - Vote unique 14/11/2018 13:15:15.000 #

2018/11/14 Outcome: +: 427, -: 150, 0: 97
DE IT ES RO BE NL AT SE PT CZ HU EL LT DK IE LU HR SI SK FI EE LV CY MT BG ?? FR GB PL
Total
88
64
46
28
20
26
17
20
20
21
18
18
10
13
9
6
10
7
13
11
3
6
5
6
15
1
67
61
43
icon: S&D S&D
174

Netherlands S&D

3

Ireland S&D

For (1)

1

Luxembourg S&D

For (1)

1

Croatia S&D

2

Slovenia S&D

For (1)

1

Estonia S&D

For (1)

1

Latvia S&D

1

Cyprus S&D

For (1)

1

Malta S&D

Abstain (1)

3
icon: ALDE ALDE
63
3

Romania ALDE

3

Portugal ALDE

1

Ireland ALDE

Abstain (1)

1

Luxembourg ALDE

For (1)

1

Croatia ALDE

2

Slovenia ALDE

For (1)

1

Finland ALDE

3

Estonia ALDE

For (1)

1

Latvia ALDE

1

United Kingdom ALDE

1
icon: PPE PPE
185

Lithuania PPE

Abstain (1)

2

Denmark PPE

For (1)

1

Ireland PPE

Abstain (1)

4

Luxembourg PPE

3

Croatia PPE

4

Slovenia PPE

Abstain (1)

4

Finland PPE

2

Latvia PPE

Abstain (1)

2

Cyprus PPE

1

Malta PPE

Against (1)

3

United Kingdom PPE

Abstain (1)

1
icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE
48

Italy Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Belgium Verts/ALE

2

Netherlands Verts/ALE

2

Austria Verts/ALE

3

Hungary Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Lithuania Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Denmark Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Luxembourg Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Croatia Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Slovenia Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Finland Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Estonia Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Latvia Verts/ALE

1
icon: GUE/NGL GUE/NGL
45

Italy GUE/NGL

2

Netherlands GUE/NGL

3

Sweden GUE/NGL

For (1)

1

Portugal GUE/NGL

For (1)

4

Denmark GUE/NGL

For (1)

1

Ireland GUE/NGL

3

Finland GUE/NGL

For (1)

1

Cyprus GUE/NGL

2

United Kingdom GUE/NGL

1
icon: NI NI
19

Germany NI

2

Hungary NI

2

Denmark NI

1

NI

For (1)

1

France NI

Against (1)

Abstain (1)

2

United Kingdom NI

3
icon: EFDD EFDD
40

Germany EFDD

Abstain (1)

1

Czechia EFDD

Against (1)

1

Lithuania EFDD

For (1)

1

Poland EFDD

1
icon: ENF ENF
32

Germany ENF

Abstain (1)

1

Belgium ENF

Abstain (1)

1

Netherlands ENF

4

Poland ENF

2
icon: ECR ECR
66

Italy ECR

2

Romania ECR

For (1)

Against (1)

2

Netherlands ECR

2

Sweden ECR

2

Czechia ECR

2

Greece ECR

Against (1)

1

Lithuania ECR

Against (1)

1

Croatia ECR

Against (1)

1

Slovakia ECR

Abstain (1)

3

Finland ECR

2

Latvia ECR

Against (1)

1

Cyprus ECR

Against (1)

1

Bulgaria ECR

2
AmendmentsDossier
154 2018/2157(INI)
2018/09/12 AFET 154 amendments...
source: 627.695

History

(these mark the time of scraping, not the official date of the change)

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  • date: 2018-09-12T00:00:00 docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=COMPARL&mode=XML&language=EN&reference=PE627.695 title: PE627.695 type: Amendments tabled in committee body: EP
events
  • date: 2018-07-05T00:00:00 type: Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading/single reading body: EP
  • date: 2018-10-09T00:00:00 type: Vote in committee, 1st reading/single reading body: EP
  • date: 2018-10-16T00:00:00 type: Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading body: EP docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A8-2018-0335&language=EN title: A8-0335/2018 summary: The Committee on Foreign Affairs adopted an own-initiative report by Sabine LÖSING (GUE/NGL, DE) on arms exports: implementation of Common Position 2008/944/CFSP. According to the latest figures, arms exports from the EU-28 amounted to over 27 % of the global total in 2013-2017, which would make the EU collectively the second largest arms supplier in the world after the US (34 %), with Russia following at 22 %. Arms exports and transfers have an undeniable impact on human rights and human security, on socio-economic development and on democracy. These are strong reasons for establishing a strict, transparent, effective and commonly accepted and defined arms control system . Common Position 2008/944/CFSP is a legally binding framework laying down eight criteria for exports of military technology and equipment. The defence sector has become a focal point of EU policy, with the European Global Strategy (EUGS) stating that 'a sustainable, innovative and competitive European defence industry is essential for Europe’s strategic autonomy and for a credible CSDP’. Arms exports are key to boosting the industrial and technological basis for European defence . Bolstering the Common Position and improving its implementation : Members called on the Member States to overcome the current lack of efficiency in defence spending due to duplication, fragmentation and lack of interoperability, and to aim for the EU to become a security provider also by better controlling arms exports. The report noted that the eight criteria are applied and interpreted in different ways by Member States. It called for a uniform, consistent and coordinated application of the eight criteria and full implementation of the Common Position with all its obligations. It considered it necessary to launch a process leading to a mechanism which sanctions those Member States which do not comply with the Common Position. Members recommended that the risk assessment method for export authorisations should incorporate a precautionary principle. They considered that Member States should also assess the risks in the light of the overall situation in the country of destination, taking into account factors such as the state of democracy and the rule of law and its socio-economic development. With this in mind, Member States and the EEAS should strengthen information exchange mechanisms by making available qualitatively and quantitatively better information for export licensing risk assessments. The report criticised the systematic failure to apply the eight criteria by Member States and the fact that military technology does reach destinations and end users that do not meet the criteria laid down in the Common Position. Members repeated their call for an independent assessment of Member States' compliance with the eight criteria of the Common Position. Member considered that exports to Saudi Arabia, the UAE and other members of the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen are non-compliant with at least criterion 2 because of those countries' involvement in grave breaches of humanitarian law as established by competent UN authorities. They reiterated their call of 13 September 2017 regarding the urgent need to impose an arms embargo on Saudi Arabia and congratulated those Member States, such as Spain, Germany and the Netherlands, which have changed their practice as regards the Yemen conflict. Members reiterated the detrimental effect that insufficiently controlled exports of cyber surveillance technologies by EU companies can have on the security of the EU’s digital infrastructure and on respect for human rights. They stressed the importance of a rapid, effective and comprehensive update of the EU’s Dual-Use Regulation . They encouraged the Member States to undertake a more detailed examination of licensed production by third countries and to ensure stronger safeguards against undesired uses. While noting that the Council is conducting a reassessment of the implementation of the Common Position, Members called for it to be reviewed. They called for the eight criteria to be extended and applied also to the transfer of military, security and police personnel, to arms exports-related services, know-how and training, security technology and to private military and security services. The Member States and the EEAS are called on to cooperate closely in order to prevent risks arising from the diverting and stockpiling of weapons , such as illegal arms trafficking and smuggling. Conventional Arms Exports annual report (COARM) : Members criticised the fact that a number of Member States did not make full submissions to the nineteenth annual report on the basis of detailed, country-specific data. They suggested that a standardised verification and reporting system should be established to provide more detailed and exhaustive information. Parliament and civil society : the report underlined the important role of national parliaments, the European Parliament, civil society, arms export control authorities and industry associations in both supporting and encouraging the Common Position’s agreed standards at national and EU level and in establishing a transparent, accountable control system. In this regard, it called for a transparent and robust control mechanism which bolsters the role of parliaments and of civil society. International arms control and disarmament : Members believe that the EU should meet its increased responsibility for peace and security in Europe and the world by means of further improved export control mechanisms and disarmament initiatives. They reiterated their call for a ban on exports of products used in the development and production of autonomous lethal weapon systems.
  • date: 2018-11-13T00:00:00 type: Debate in Parliament body: EP docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?secondRef=TOC&language=EN&reference=20181113&type=CRE title: Debate in Parliament
  • date: 2018-11-14T00:00:00 type: Decision by Parliament, 1st reading/single reading body: EP docs: url: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&language=EN&reference=P8-TA-2018-0451 title: T8-0451/2018 summary: The European Parliament adopted by 427 votes to 150, with 97 abstentions, a resolution on arms exports: implementation of Common Position 2008/944/CFSP. According to the latest figures, arms exports from the EU-28 amounted to over 27 % of the global total in 2013-2017, which would make the EU collectively the second largest arms supplier in the world after the US (34 %), with Russia following at 22 %. Common Position 2008/944/CFSP is a legally binding framework laying down eight criteria for exports of military technology and equipment. However, they are applied and interpreted in different ways by Member States. Arms exports and transfers have an undeniable impact on human rights and human security, on socio-economic development and on democracy. Members stated that this justified establishing a strict, transparent and effective arms control system that is established and accepted by all parties. Strengthening the common position and improving its implementation : Parliament called for a uniform, consistent and coordinated application of the eight criteria and full implementation of the common position and all related obligations. Members deplored the lack of systematic application of the eight criteria by Member States and the fact that military technologies does not reach destinations and end-users that do not meet the criteria set out in the common position. They requested an independent assessment of the Member State's compliance with the criteria of the common position and suggested launching a process to develop a sanction mechanism against Member States that do not comply with the common position. Members called for a precautionary principle to be added to the risk assessment method for export authorisations. Member States should therefore assess the risks in the light of the overall situation in the country of destination, taking into account factors such as the state of democracy and the rule of law and its socio-economic development. Member States and the EEAS were invited to use the ongoing review process to str engthen the mechanisms for exchanging information on risk assessments related to authorisations. Saudi Arabia : arms exported to countries such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi-led coalition have been used in conflicts such as Yemen . Parliament stated that these exports were clearly in violation of the common position and reiterated its call for the urgent need to impose an arms embargo on Saudi Arabia. Members congratulated Member States such as Germany and the Netherlands , which have changed their position on the Yemeni conflict while regretting that other Member States seem not to take into account the behaviour of the destination country and the end user of the exported arms and ammunition. In addition, Parliament expressed its dismay at the quantities of weapons and ammunition manufactured in the EU, which were found in the hands of Da’esh in Syria and Iraq . It noted the effective non-compliance by Bulgaria and Romania with the common position with regard to retransfers that contravene the provisions of the end-user certificate. It called on all Member States to refuse similar transfers in the future and demanded the strict application of the common position as regards licensed production in third countries. Review of the common position : Parliament recalled the detrimental effect that insufficiently controlled exports of cybersurveillance technologies by EU companies can have on the security of the EU’s digital infrastructure and on respect for human rights. In this respect, it stressed the importance of a rapid, effective and comprehensive update of the EU’s Dual-Use Regulation. Members suggested that the scope of the eight criteria be extended : they should also cover the transfer of military, security and police personnel, know-how and training related to arms exports, security technologies and armed and private security services. In addition, a new criterion should be added to ensure that corruption risks related to exports are duly taken into account in the granting of export authorisations. The Member States and the EEAS are called on to cooperate closely in order to prevent risks arising from the diverting and stockpiling of weapons , such as illegal arms trafficking and smuggling. Conventional Arms Exports annual report (COARM) : Parliament criticised the fact that a number of Member States did not make full submissions to the nineteenth annual report on the basis of detailed, country-specific data. They suggested that a standardised verification and reporting system should be established to provide more detailed and exhaustive information. It also called for a transparent and robust control mechanism which bolsters the role of parliaments and of civil society . International arms control and disarmament : Members believe that the EU should meet its increased responsibility for peace and security in Europe and the world by means of further improved export control mechanisms and disarmament initiatives. They reiterated their call for a ban on exports of products used in the development and production of autonomous lethal weapon systems.
  • date: 2018-11-14T00:00:00 type: End of procedure in Parliament body: EP
links
other
    procedure/Modified legal basis
    Rules of Procedure EP 159
    procedure/dossier_of_the_committee
    Old
    AFET/8/13304
    New
    • AFET/8/13304
    procedure/legal_basis/0
    Rules of Procedure EP 54
    procedure/legal_basis/0
    Rules of Procedure EP 52
    procedure/stage_reached
    Old
    Awaiting committee decision
    New
    Procedure completed
    procedure/subject
    Old
    • 6.10.03 Armaments control, non-proliferation nuclear weapons
    New
    6.10.03
    Armaments control, non-proliferation nuclear weapons
    activities/0/committees/0/shadows/1
    group
    ALDE
    name
    PAET Urmas
    activities/0/committees/0/shadows/3
    group
    EFD
    name
    CASTALDO Fabio Massimo
    activities/0/committees/0/shadows/4
    group
    ENF
    name
    SCHAFFHAUSER Jean-Luc
    activities/1
    date
    2018-11-12T00:00:00
    body
    EP
    type
    Indicative plenary sitting date, 1st reading/single reading
    committees/0/shadows/1
    group
    ALDE
    name
    PAET Urmas
    committees/0/shadows/3
    group
    EFD
    name
    CASTALDO Fabio Massimo
    committees/0/shadows/4
    group
    ENF
    name
    SCHAFFHAUSER Jean-Luc
    activities/0
    date
    2018-07-05T00:00:00
    body
    EP
    type
    Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading/single reading
    committees
    body: EP shadows: group: EPP name: KELAM Tunne group: Verts/ALE name: VALERO Bodil responsible: True committee: AFET date: 2018-03-20T00:00:00 committee_full: Foreign Affairs rapporteur: group: GUE/NGL name: LÖSING Sabine
    procedure/dossier_of_the_committee
    AFET/8/13304
    procedure/stage_reached
    Old
    Preparatory phase in Parliament
    New
    Awaiting committee decision
    activities
      committees
      • body: EP shadows: group: EPP name: KELAM Tunne group: Verts/ALE name: VALERO Bodil responsible: True committee: AFET date: 2018-03-20T00:00:00 committee_full: Foreign Affairs rapporteur: group: GUE/NGL name: LÖSING Sabine
      links
      other
        procedure
        reference
        2018/2157(INI)
        title
        Council’s annual report in accordance with the operative provision 8 of the European Union Code of Conduct on arms exports
        legal_basis
        Rules of Procedure EP 52
        stage_reached
        Preparatory phase in Parliament
        subtype
        Annual report
        type
        INI - Own-initiative procedure
        subject
        6.10.03 Armaments control, non-proliferation nuclear weapons