2020/2042(INI) The impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations in developing countries
Next event: Indicative plenary sitting date, 1st reading/single reading 2020/12/14
Lead committee dossier:
Next event: Indicative plenary sitting date, 1st reading/single reading 2020/12/14
Progress: Awaiting committee decision
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | DEVE |
GONZÁLEZ Mónica Silvana ( S&D)
|
FITZGERALD Frances ( EPP),
CHABAUD Catherine ( Renew),
BILDE Dominique ( ID),
KEMPA Beata ( ECR),
URBÁN CRESPO Miguel ( GUE/NGL)
|
| Committee Opinion | ENVI |
WALLACE Mick ( GUE/NGL)
|
María Soraya RODRÍGUEZ RAMOS ( RE),
Milan BRGLEZ ( S&D),
Cindy FRANSSEN ( PPE)
|
| Committee Opinion | LIBE |
BRICMONT Saskia ( Verts/ALE)
|
Morten PETERSEN ( RE),
Delara BURKHARDT ( S&D),
Lena DÜPONT ( PPE)
|
| Committee Opinion | FEMM |
KUHNKE Alice ( Verts/ALE)
|
Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA ( PPE),
Silvia MODIG ( GUE/NGL),
Chrysoula ZACHAROPOULOU ( RE),
Jessica STEGRUD ( ECR)
|
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54
Legal Basis:
RoP 54Subjects
Events
2020/12/14
Indicative plenary sitting date, 1st reading/single reading
2020/10/19
EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2020/10/15
EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2020/10/02
EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2020/09/11
EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2020/07/09
EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2020/05/04
EP - GONZÁLEZ Mónica Silvana (S&D) appointed as rapporteur in DEVE
2020/04/16
EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading/single reading
2020/04/07
EP - WALLACE Mick (GUE/NGL) appointed as rapporteur in ENVI
2020/01/23
EP - KUHNKE Alice (Verts/ALE) appointed as rapporteur in FEMM
2020/01/20
EP - BRICMONT Saskia (Verts/ALE) appointed as rapporteur in LIBE
Documents
- Committee opinion: PE653.786
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE657.479
- Committee opinion: PE650.432
- Committee draft report: PE650.537
- Committee opinion: PE650.533
- Committee opinion: PE650.533
- Committee draft report: PE650.537
- Committee opinion: PE650.432
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE657.479
- Committee opinion: PE653.786
Activities
- Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Pedro SILVA PEREIRA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Miguel URBÁN CRESPO
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Carlos ZORRINHO
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Gunnar BECK
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Catherine CHABAUD
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Beata KEMPA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Maximilian KRAH
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Grace O'SULLIVAN
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Caroline ROOSE
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Mick WALLACE
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Anna Júlia DONÁTH
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Frances FITZGERALD
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Milan BRGLEZ
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Pierfrancesco MAJORINO
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Delara BURKHARDT
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Mónica Silvana GONZÁLEZ
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Marlene MORTLER
Plenary Speeches (0)
| Amendments | Dossier |
| 640 |
2020/2042(INI)
2020/05/12
FEMM
84 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Recital A Amendment 10 #
B. whereas climate change has a greater destructive impact on the countries least responsible for global warming;
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas climate change has a greater
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas climate change has a greater destructive impact on the countries least responsible for global warming; whereas
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas climate change has a greater destructive impact on the countries least responsible for global warming; whereas women are more affected by climate change, face higher risks and bear greater burdens for various reasons,
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas climate change has a greater destructive impact on the countries least responsible for global warming; whereas climate change affects people and groups with fewer resources; whereas women represent 70% of the world's poorest people; whereas women are more affected by climate change, face higher risks and bear greater burdens for various reasons, ranging from unequal access to resources, education, job opportunities and land rights, to existing social and cultural norms and to their intersectional experiences of discrimination, reducing their ability to protect themselves against the impacts of climate change;
Amendment 15 #
Ba. whereas climate change and gender inequality are interrelated; whereas according to the UN, climate change affects women more and accentuates gender inequalities and discrimination, despite the fact that women contribute less to causing the climate change; whereas, however, adaptation and mitigation public policies do not take gender into account;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas the negative consequences of climate change undermine development prospects of countries and deepen already existing gender disparities that result from numerous socio-economic, institutional, cultural and political determinants;
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Recital B a (new) Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Recital B b (new) Bb. whereas women - who constitute half the world’s population - bear severe gendered impacts of climate change, such as flooding, fires, droughts, deforestation or water scarcity, and are more prone to suffer from infectious diseases, such as water-, food-, and vector-borne ones, and health outcomes associated with poor air quality; whereas consequences of climate change constitute an enormous risk for women, especially pregnant, due to deteriorating sanitary and hygienic conditions and restrained or insufficient access to substantial medical care and treatment;
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Recital B b (new) Bb. whereas climate change causes an increase in refugees when people are forced to leave their homes temporarily or permanently when the environment becomes unviable for them; whereas this has major impacts, especially for vulnerable populations in developing countries; whereas women are 80% of climate refugees and the most affected by extreme temperatures and natural disasters; whereas according to Greenpeace, women are also the majority among the number of deaths in natural disasters with 14 times more possibilities of dying;
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Recital B b (new) Bb. whereas the adverse effects of climate change can lead to migration; whereas the situation for internally displaced people and asylum seekers due to environmental reasons is worst for more vulnerable people like women, who are exposed to violations of their basic rights being often victims of human trafficking and sex exploitation;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Recital B c (new) Bc. whereas according to Greenpeace women represent 51% of the world population and 43% of the agricultural workforce in developing countries; whereas agricultural production is one of the sectors most affected by the climate change; whereas according to the World Economic Forum, 60% of people suffering from malnutrition are women and children; whereas the scarcity of resources especially affects women who dedicate more time to obtaining it to the detriment of other activities such as education; whereas according to UNESCO 1 in 4 young women in developing countries have not completed primary school;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Recital B c (new) Bc. whereas 80% of people displaced, sometimes forcefully, as a result of climate change are women and children who are at larger scope exposed to the negative effects of climate change than men and face greater difficulties related thereto; whereas women are usually at a higher risk of being located in unsafe, overcrowded shelters due to their lack of assets and greater vulnerability to poverty;
Amendment 23 #
Bd. whereas climate change is closely linked to energy policy; whereas energy poverty is linked to low incomes and, for example, to rising energy prices; whereas women have lower incomes and are at greater risk of suffering from energy poverty and this applies in particular to single parents and pensioners, the lowest of which is women; whereas in 2016 there were 1.1 billion people in the world without access to energy and, of those, between 50% and 70%were women and children;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Recital B d (new) Bd. whereas climate change, environmental degradation, scarcity of resources and natural disasters may increase tensions and reinforce gender inequalities which result in more frequent acts of violence, including domestic and economic violence, sexual assault, forced prostitution, forced or involuntary marriage and other acts of gender-based abuse;
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Recital B e (new) Be. whereas climate change has serious ramifications of food security, availability, accessibility and utilization; whereas women, especially in developing countries account for 40-80 per cent of all labour force related to food production and collection, depending on the region; whereas increased crop failure and unprecedented natural resource depletion due to altering weather may result in excessive agricultural workload to satisfy the household food provision;
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Recital B e (new) Be. whereas women, especially indigenous women, are particularly vulnerable to violence related to the environment; whereas in 2017, almost half of the murders of environmental defenders were against women;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Recital B f (new) Bf. whereas in 2018, according to data from the European Institute for Gender Equality, more than 80% of positions of responsibility for climate change were held by men; whereas in the scientific field, where reports are made for discussions in international forums, 95% of board members and 86% of senior managers are men; whereas in the electricity sector worldwide only 8% of positions of power are occupied by women and they represent only 32% of the total number of workers in this sector;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Recital B f (new) Bf. whereas climate change has a severe impact on fresh water resources and availability thereof, especially in developing countries located in hot and dry climate areas, influencing the availability of water used in households; whereas scarcity of water resources may hit women the most;
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Recital B g (new) Bg. whereas in many developing countries, the access of girls and women to information and communication technology is constrained by varying factors, such as social and cultural bias, inadequate technological infrastructure, especially in rural areas, inadequate access to education, science or computer illiteracy, as well as women’s lack of disposable income to purchase technology services;
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas the Paris Agreement
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Recognises that gender equality is
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Recognises that
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Recognises that gender equality
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Recognises that gender equality is a
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Recognises that gender equality is a catalyst for sustainable development and
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Underlines that people in rural areas in developing countries, in particular women who are overrepresented amongst the world's poorest people, are especially vulnerable as they are often dependent on natural resources, as they do much of the agricultural work, such as food production and collecting water and fuel, and as they are very often responsible for unpaid work inhouse holds and communities; calls on the EC to step-up support to women’s production capacity to cope with food insecurity due to climate change;
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Stresses that the agricultural sector is one of the hardest hit by the consequences of climate change in partner countries; recalls that rural women are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change on agricultural production and food security; calls on the EU and its Member states to strengthen cooperation with partner countries to include a strong gender dimension in all agricultural and rural development policies;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Considers that the Paris Agreement must be developed in the spirit of Article 2, and must not be mixed up with gender ideologies that confuse climate with women and poverty;
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Recalls that women and girls are more likely to die during climate disasters and to be displaced, that this is due notably to a lack of access to information and their role as caretakers; stresses that women and girls are also particularly exposed to sexual violence, exploitation and school drop during these crises and in their aftermath; calls on the EU to reinforce this gender dimension into its humanitarian action and to ensure access to sexual and reproductive health services;
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Recalls that social and cultural norms influence women's vulnerability to climate change due to the gendered division of labour, mobility, roles in the household and participation in political and economic decision making;
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas the Paris Agreement establishes that gender
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 c (new) 1c. Underlines that there is strong evidence that the impact on health of climate-sensitive conditions, such as malnutrition, and the incidence of infectious diseases, such as malaria, varies according to gender; notes with concern the high female mortality rate in disaster situations; recalls that climate change effects cause an increase of diseases affecting women, girls and their sexual health and reproductive rights; a lack of clean water, consequence of climate change, badly influences hygiene for pregnant women, maternal health and menstrual periods; Urges the integration of the gender perspective in sustainable development policies and programmes to ensure that the rights of women and girls - including sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and necessary healthcare services -,the promotion of gender equality and climate justice are mainstreamed through its strategy programmes;
Amendment 41 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Calls for the new Gender Action Plan for External Relations (GAP III) to include for the first time gender equality and climate change as priority areas, to develop related indicators and to guarantee sufficient resources to deliver on this objective; GAPIII should support meaningful and effective political participation of women-led and women’s rights organisations in partner countries at all levels; calls on ensuring access of women’s organisations to international climate funds and climate negotiations, especially in light of the important leadership women often take in tackling the impacts of climate change in their countries and communities;
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Calls
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Calls for the new Gender Action Plan for External Relations (GAP III) to
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Calls for the new Gender Action Plan for External Relations (GAP III) to include for the first time gender equality and climate change
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to collect country-specific and gender disaggregated data, to establish gender-sensitive indicators and benchmarks and to develop practical tools for a more efficient integration of the gender perspective when planning, implementing and evaluating climate change policies, programmes and projects;
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses the need for the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument (NDICI) to support gender-sensitive approaches in its processes and operations, including the need for dedicated climate projects and programs which specifically address gender concerns;
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Calls for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be put at the heart of all decision-making and policy formulation within the EU and its Member States as well as the foreign and development policy of the EU;
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas the Paris Agreement establishes that
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that women are powerful
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that women are powerful agents of change and calls for EU development programmes to promote their meaningful participation at all levels, also in decision-making, as their inclusion is crucial to climate resilience and to ensuring long-term climate solutions;
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that women and girls are powerful agents of change and calls for EU development programmes to promote their meaningful participation at all levels, as their inclusion is crucial to climate resilience and to ensuring long-term climate solutions;
Amendment 53 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Stresses th
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Recognises that the implementation of climate change policies offers possibilities for women, especially in developing countries, to become more active in local politics and thereby give local women a voice; recognises that policies on the local level can have an effect on the lives of people, which makes including women in the execution of these policies a fundamental principle;
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Affirms that it is necessary to demand and promote the active participation of women and to propose new policies - climate and development- that contribute to transforming social, productive, economic and institutional structures in ways that promote equal opportunities and sustainable development;
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Calls on the European Parliament to devote its efforts, particularly financial efforts, to climate change, scientific research and the development of carbon- free, non-intermittent energy through the design and manufacture of their means of production in Europe;
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Stresses that climate finance should be accessible to both men and women and designed to generate mutual benefits rather than exacerbate existing patterns of inequality;
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Recalls that gender gaps in energy-related education are due to gender-based prejudices and stereotypes that exclude women from areas of green economy such as transport and energy, causing a waste of human resources and preventing the EU from achieving its full competitive potential; urges the need to increase the number of women with relevant qualifications in scientific and technological fields as well as the number of women participating in relevant scientific bodies at the highest level; Urges national governments to encourage and oblige companies and the academic world to include women at all levels of decision-making in industrial sectors such as energy, transport and oil;
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Demands that women have equitable access to the knowledge, resources and technology necessary to cope favourably with the adverse effects of global warming; affirms that political measures should not only be aimed at mitigating the damage caused by natural disasters, but also it is necessary to focus efforts on reducing the level of impact on the population with actions of equality that provide, also to women, the opportunity to cooperate in search of sustainable solutions;
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcomes of its review conferences outline three strategic objectives to improve women's environmental decision-making, integrate the gender perspectives in policies and programmes for sustainable development and to strengthen or establish mechanisms at the national, regional and international levels to assess the impact of development and environmental policies on women;
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Calls on the Commission to study the impact of gender on existing trade agreements and, in advance, on any new ones that may be signed; calls for the incorporation into new agreements and into existing ones, of effective clauses and sanctioning mechanisms to achieve gender equality and guarantee women's rights and empowerment; calls on the Commission and the Council to promote and support the inclusion of a specific gender chapter in EU trade and Association Agreements and to ensure that it specifically foresees binding commitments to respect and promote gender equality and women empowerment;
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Recalls that countries committed to revise their national climate action plans (NDCs) in 2020 and that this commitment is not dependent on when the COP takes place; Calls on the Commission to design a concrete action plan to deliver on the commitments of the renewed Gender Action Plan agreed at the 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP25) and to appoint a permanent EU gender and climate change focal point, with sufficient budget
Amendment 63 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the Commission to design a concrete action plan to deliver on the commitments of the renewed Gender Action Plan agreed at the 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP25)
Amendment 64 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the Commission to design a concrete action plan to deliver on the commitments of the renewed Gender Action Plan agreed at the 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP25)
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the Commission to
Amendment 66 #
4. Calls on the Commission to design a concrete action plan to deliver on the commitments of the renewed Gender Action Plan agreed at the 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP25) and to
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the Commission to design a concrete action plan to deliver on the commitments of the renewed Gender Action Plan agreed at the 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP25) and to appoint a permanent EU gender and climate change focal point, with sufficient budgetary resources, to implement and monitor gender-responsible climate action in the EU and globally
Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses that in spite of their vulnerability women may act as effective and active agents and promoters of adaptation and mitigation; calls, in this regard, in order to improve the local adaptive capacity of women particularly in developing countries, for more adaptation initiatives that would identify and address gender-specific impacts of climate change predominantly in areas related to food security, water management, agriculture, energy, health and disaster management;
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Calls on the EC to ensure that the Renewed Partnership and the Comprehensive Strategy with Africa is founded on principles of climate, environmental action achieving Agenda 2030, and gender equality, and achieves a human rights based approach which puts communities and women at the heart of environmental and development efforts;
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas the issue of climate change must be considered in all its aspects and from a scientific perspective, Parliament should prioritise interventions and opinions of eminent scientists rather than media personalities alone, whose competencies in this field are questionable, particularly at the height of the COVID-19 crisis;
Amendment 70 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Calls on the Member States to create a formal Council configuration on gender equality to provide Ministers and Secretaries of State in charge of gender equality with a dedicated forum for discussion and to better facilitate gender mainstreaming across all EU policies, including environmental and development policies;
Amendment 71 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stress that in order to achieve a fair, equitable, and sustainable and just transition which leaves no one behind, all climate action must include a gender and an intersectional perspective, which also includes the diverse experiences of the most marginalised people and communities;
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Stresses the need to make the financing of both adaptation to climate change and mitigation of its effects gender-responsive; Calls for the EU to step up financial support to gender-just climate actions for adaptation and addressing loss and damage in developing countries, including climate action undertaken by grassroot women’s organizations, given their central role in local responses to the climate crisis;
Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Recalls that women’s empowerment is central to the achievement of the SDGs and reminds that climate change disasters tend to exacerbate gender disparities and to foster further inequalities in the global south and globally;
Amendment 74 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Emphasizes that efforts should be made to mainstream gender perspective into sustainable development and climate change plans and interventions, including the inclusion of Sustainable Development Goals;
Amendment 75 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Calls for more actions towards increasing women’s participation in high- level climate-related decision-making positions at national, regional and local levels; Recognises that empowering women, as well as their full and equal participation and exercising leadership functions on international level, as well as their management of national, regional and local climate action initiatives, is crucial for enabling of the success and efficiency of action for climate change; calls, in this context, for greater women’s integration in the process of finding solutions to adapt to climate change, foster adaptation strategies and national adaptation plans;
Amendment 76 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Notes that the impacts of climate change in the global south give rise to a displacement of people that does not fit within the parameters of current international frameworks; Calls on the EU to provide adequate responses to climate displacement and to include gender perspective in all migration polices, with a view to safeguarding climate justice;
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 d (new) 4d. Calls the European Commission to recognize the key political role climate activists play in combating climate change in developing countries and requests EU delegations to ensure the prioritization of their protection and funding, especially for women and people from marginalised communities;
Amendment 78 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 d (new) 4d. Emphasises the importance to ensure and protect the rights of women inhabiting rural areas in regards to food security, non-discriminatory access to resources, and increased participation in decision-making processes on local and national levels;
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 e (new) 4e. Recalls that the collection of sex- disaggregated data and gender statistics is a preliminary step towards conducting proper gender analysis on climate change; Calls for the European Commission to upgrade capacity-building in developing countries’ national statistical systems, for the purposes of collecting gender statistics on the environment in order to improve the evaluation of, and find solutions to, the varying consequences of climate change;
Amendment 8 #
Ab. whereas climate change is a complex environmental and social issue, affecting a world that is characterised by, and based on, deep-rooted unequal gender relations; whereas in addition to the fact women generally hold less power and are, therefore, less able to mitigate and cope with the impacts of climate change, unequal gender dynamics impact the ways that households, communities, countries and the global community are affected by, and respond to, climate change;
Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 e (new) 4e. Points out that actions towards women’s higher enrolment in science and technology-related fields of education are of outmost importance to effectively combat gender-specific climate change consequences; calls for greater uptake of STEM studies by girls and women, future scientists and engineers in the field of renewable energy combating negative implications of climate change;
Amendment 81 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 f (new) 4f. Underlines that people in rural areas in developing countries, in particular women, are especially affected by climate change, as they are often dependent on natural resources, do much of the agricultural work, particularly in food production and collecting water and fuel for the family and are very often responsible for the bulk of unpaid work in households and communities;
Amendment 82 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 f (new) 4f. Argues that Integration of gender perspective into existing climate, development, and disaster-risk reduction policy frameworks requires improvement in data acquisition, disaggregated by sex, monitoring of related targets, coordination between sectors, and stakeholder engagement;
Amendment 83 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 g (new) 4g. Underlines that the fact of empowering women as educators, caregivers, holders of knowledge, and promoters and agents of change may improve mitigation and adaptation policy interventions;
Amendment 84 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 h (new) 4h. Points out that climate change may prompt to raise of violence against women and girls, be it systemic or culturally-embedded, including domestic violence; calls for actions aiming at strengthening capacities among national authorities and social partners to understand and address the intersections of gender violence and climate change consequences; stresses the importance of providing aid in developing capacities to address gender violence risk factors through various community engagement and leadership efforts;
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Recital A c (new) Ac. whereas the current Covid-19 crisis shows the close link between the destruction of our ecosystems, the exploitation of wildlife and the outbreaks of epidemics; whereas women’s role in the protection of biodiversity and the sustainable management of natural resources should be better recognized and further encouraged;
source: 652.267
2020/05/27
ENVI
116 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Recital A Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Recital A b (new) Ab. whereas the ability of people to adapt to climate change is inextricably linked to their access to basic human rights and to the health of the ecosystems they depend on for their livelihoods and wellbeing;
Amendment 100 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Calls for greater international support for indigenous land rights, which would contribute to limiting global warming; insists that these rights must be strengthened through the certification of sustainable supply chains.
Amendment 101 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Calls for greater international support for indigenous land rights, which would contribute to limiting global warming
Amendment 102 #
9. Calls for greater international support for indigenous land rights, which would contribute to limiting global warming and combating the degradation of ecosystems.
Amendment 103 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Calls for greater international support for indigenous land rights, which would contribute to the protection of pristine forests limiting global warming.
Amendment 104 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) Amendment 105 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. highlights how marginalised and poor communities are the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change; recalls that children are the least responsible for climate change, yet they bear the greatest burden of its impact; calls on the Commission and the Member States to join forces in protecting children affected by the consequences of climate change by strengthening their humanitarian action;
Amendment 106 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Calls on the Union and the Member States to support the proposal led by the Republic of Maldives in its statement of 3 December 2019 to amend the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to recognise criminal acts that would amount to Ecocide1a; calls on the Union and the Member States to recognise ecocide in Union and national law as soon as possible with universal jurisdiction; _________________ 1ahttps://asp.icc- cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/ASP18/GD.MDV. 3.12.pdf
Amendment 107 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Recalls the importance of inclusive social protection systems around the world in the response to future climate shocks; in this regard, calls on the EU and its Member States to promote the creation of decent jobs as part of climate related official development assistance, to help increase resilience of all populations against climate change;
Amendment 108 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Reiterates the acknowledgment of different impacts of climate change for women and men and therefore the promotion of measures improving the position of women in combating climate change at societal and governmental (decision-making) level;
Amendment 109 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Stresses that women and girls are powerful agents of change and calls for EU development programmes to promote their meaningful participation at all levels, as their inclusion is crucial to climate resilience and to ensuring long- term climate solutions.
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Recital A c (new) Ac. whereas according to the World Health Organization, as of the year 2030, climate change is expected to contribute to approximately 250 000 additional deaths per year, from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress;
Amendment 110 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Expresses deep concern on the situation of environmental defenders and whistle-blowers throughout the world; reminds that everyone should have access to the enjoyment of human rights, environmental protection and sustainable development, and that no one shall be penalized, persecuted or harassed in any way for their involvement in activities to protect the environment; calls on the Commission to set up a rapid response mechanism at Union level to support environmental defenders across the world;
Amendment 111 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Recalls the possible negative effect of climate change on food security in the most vulnerable countries; calls for the support of sustainable land use practices in the agricultural sector, in order to cope with climate-related risks affecting food security as well as providing improved protection to the environment;
Amendment 112 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Insists on the importance of better communicating climate and disaster risks, and adaptation options for vulnerable populations; recalls the important role of non-state actors and local authorities in building local resilience;
Amendment 113 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Reiterates the necessity of strengthening the incorporation of climate mitigation and adaptation approaches and mainstream those into wider official development assistance policies and programs;
Amendment 114 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 c (new) 9c. Stresses that climate change has a considerable impact on human health, for example through floods, drought, heatwaves and fires; recalls that developing countries are the most vulnerable and often less equipped to mitigate this impact on health; therefore points out the importance of health in climate related development assistance in these countries;
Amendment 115 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 c (new) Amendment 116 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 c (new) 9c. Stresses that the proposal for a future Common Agricultural Policy should be revised in depth to take into account the objective of reducing the Union global footprint, and in particular to reduce the Union's external land use and to end land grabbing;
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Recital A c (new) Ac. whereas nearly 160 million children live in high drought-severity zones and more than 500 million live in extremely high flood occurrence zones, according to UNICEF;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Recital A c (new) Ac. whereas today developing countries emit more than developed countries;
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Recital A d (new) Ad. whereas according to the OECD, development co-operation has a critical role to play in supporting developing countries as they shift to low-emissions and climate-resilient development pathways;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Recital A e (new) Ae. whereas the European Parliament in its resolution of 16 January 2018 on women, gender equality and climate justice (2017/2086(INI)) acknowledges that women are particularly vulnerable to climate change and experience its effects disproportionately because of their social roles;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Believes that the EU has a historic responsibility to
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Believes that the EU has a historic
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Believes that the EU
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Believes that the EU has a historic responsibility to be the most ambitious signatory of the Paris Agreement and should acknowledge and act
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas there is a direct link between climate change and its impact on environmental degradation, food and water security, access to natural resources, human health, and migration; whereas these phenomena directly or indirectly also threaten the full enjoyment of human rights, including the rights to life, water and sanitation, food, health and housing;
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Believes that the EU has a historic responsibility to be the most ambitious signatory of the Paris Agreement and should acknowledge and act on its climate and environmental
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Believes that the EU has a historic responsibility to be the most ambitious signatory of the Paris Agreement and should acknowledge and act on its climate and environmental debt; believes also that, in this context and in order to fulfil its commitments under the Paris Agreement, the Union should raise its objective of reducing its domestic economy-wide GHG emissions to at least -65% by 2030 compared to 1990;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Believes that the EU has a historic responsibility to be the most ambitious signatory of the Paris Agreement and should acknowledge and act on its climate and environmental debt; stresses that the best form of climate diplomacy is by showing global leadership, as committed to in the European Green Deal, with true commitment to the Paris Agreement goals and Paris-compliant policies and targets within the EU;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Believes that the EU has a historic responsibility to be the most ambitious signatory of the Paris Agreement, and that the EU must show climate and biodiversity leadership, including through its development policy, and should acknowledge and act on its climate and environmental debt;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Asserts that the interests of the fossil fuel industry are inherently incompatible with the necessary actions to reduce inequalities and halt global warming at 1.5° C, and that the fossil fuel industry has contributed to human rights abuses and environmental crimes, particularly in the Global South, which have disproportionately affected vulnerable populations; calls for the EU to commit to urgently phasing out all public finance for fossil fuels, and to support measures to shift all financial flows out of fossil fuels and high carbon activities, under the UNFCCC, through making such a commitment and detailing phase-out plans in its NDC, and supporting a COP decision on a global phase-out goal; calls for the EU and Member States to aspire towards an agreement under the UNFCCC for a subsequent fossil fuel non-proliferation agreement;
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Recalls that developing countries and their populations are particularly touched by the negative impacts of climate change such as, natural disasters and extreme weather disturbances, including cyclones, storms, flooding, droughts, erosion, rising water, heat waves and fires. Calls, therefore on the EU, to enhance preservation, mitigation and adaptation, as part of its external action, and to step up its technical assistance, as well as sharing of best practices with developing countries.
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Stresses that according to the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on poverty and human rights, climate change will exacerbate existing poverty and inequality; it will have the most severe impact in poor countries and regions, and the places poor people live and work. Developing countries will bear an estimated 75-80% of the costs of climate change;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Recalls the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities' which grants the Union and the Member States with a particular responsibility as well as capacity to act; stresses that the Union's capability is in itself a legal reason to act and support Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Stresses that the success of the European Green Pact depends on stepping up EU ecological diplomacy;
Amendment 29 #
1b. Urges the Commission to adopt without delay a proposal for a new legal framework to halt and reverse EU-driven global deforestation, which has a direct impact on LDCs; believes this framework should include, but not be limited to, the establishment of a due diligence obligation for all operators placing forest and ecosystems-risk commodities on the Union market;
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Recalls that climate change has dramatic consequences on the long-term economic development of developing countries, and in particular least developed countries;
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Stresses that the current decision- making process under the UNFCCC
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2.
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Stresses that the current decision- making process under the UNFCCC
Amendment 34 #
2. Stresses that the current decision- making process under the UNFCCC is skewed against LDCs and needs to be improved to better involve poor and vulnerable country delegates; calls on the COP26 presidency and future presidencies to insist that the COPs end on time and to explore ways to ensure that delegates from the LDCs and SIDs, who have fewer resources to participate on an equal footing to the developed country delegates, are not structurally disadvantaged; calls on the EU delegation to the COPs to enhance engagement with vulnerable country delegates;
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Calls on
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Calls on all EU Member States to
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Calls on all EU Member States to
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Aa. having regard to European Union commitments, especially with regard to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, focusing in particular on Objective 13 ‘Climate Action’, which can only be achieved through global effort and coordination;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Calls on all EU Member States to
Amendment 41 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Notes that only a few Member States provide climate finance on top of their official development assistance (ODA) commitments; reiterates that climate finance should be new and additional as required under the UNFCCC; Calls on all EU Member States to rapidly scale up climate finance, prioritising grants-based finance, in particular for LDCs and SIDS, and to increase financial support during the 2020- 2025 period, especially for adaptation and resilience building, to achieve a balance between mitigation and adaptation finance;
Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. In this context, stresses the importance of private investment to climate action and the potential of public- private partnerships; recalls the commitment of the EU and its Member States to participate to the OECD countries’ ambition to contribute 100 billion USD per year from various sources until at least 2025, including from a variety of sources – public and private, bilateral and multilateral, and alternative sources of finance – in the context of meaningful mitigation action;
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Recalls its position that at least 45% of the funding from the proposed 2021-2027 Neighbourhood and Development Cooperation Instrument (NDICI) should support climate and environmental objectives;
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Notes that more development funding should be dedicated to climate- related objectives, such as climate-friendly technology and efforts to strengthen climate-resilience in developing countries;
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Invites the Commission and the Member States to orient development aid, in the context of the next programming period 2021-2027, towards the effective implementation of partner countries NDCs; points out the need for concrete and effective actions on climate adaptation, with particular regard to its long-term planning;
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Expresses its concern that public finance is not sufficient to meet international climate and development goals; therefore insists on the importance of mobilising private capital, including for climate adaptation;
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 d (new) 3d. Stresses the importance of the Green Climate Fund to catalyse public and private financial flows into low- emission and climate-resilient development to the benefit of developing countries; insists on the importance of simplifying access to funding to third countries under the GCF framework;
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 e (new) 3e. Welcomes the work carried out in the context of the Green Climate Fund Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme in the process of formulation and implementation of national adaptation plans; however, calls on the GCF to simplify the procedures to access funding under the programme so that countries that are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, notably LDCs and SIDS, can swiftly move on with the preparation of their national adaptation plans;
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 f (new) 3f. Underlines, in this regard, the need to improve our understanding of the potential cost of inaction and of the effectiveness and suitability of adaptation measures, in particular in vulnerable geographies; stresses that there is no one globally applicable monitoring and evaluation systems for climate change adaptation, including its effectiveness, therefore calls on the European Commission and its Member States to step up efforts in supporting developing countries in establishing appropriate national monitoring and evaluation systems allowing to measure adaptation progress on a continuous basis;
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas inequalities in wealth and the potential to tackle and adapt to climate change exist not only between the EU and other parties to the Paris Agreement, but also within the EU;
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Calls for the overall post-2025 target for climate finance to ensure that the needs of the most vulnerable countries are met
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Calls for the post-2025 target for climate finance to ensure that the needs of the most vulnerable countries are met through
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Calls for the post-2025 target for climate finance to ensure that the needs of the most vulnerable countries are met through dedicated, quantitative sub-goals, including a sub-goal for adaptation finance and a sub-
Amendment 53 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Calls for the post-2025 target for climate finance to ensure that the needs of the most vulnerable countries are met
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Calls for the post-2025 target for climate finance to ensure that the needs of the most vulnerable countries are met through dedicated sub-goals, including a
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Recalls that the WIM Review 2019 acknowledges the importance of the implementation of the WIM for vulnerable populations in particular;
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Recalls that the WIM Review 2019 acknowledges the importance of the implementation of the WIM for vulnerable populations in particular; strongly encourages the EU to
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Recalls that the WIM Review 2019 acknowledges the importance of the implementation of the WIM for vulnerable populations in particular;
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Recalls that the WIM Review 2019 acknowledges the importance of the implementation of the WIM for vulnerable populations in particular; urges the EU to support the calls of LDCs for a specific financing facility on loss and damage
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Recalls that the WIM Review 2019 acknowledges the importance of the implementation of the WIM for vulnerable populations in particular; urges the EU to support the calls of LDCs for a specific financing facility on loss and damage under the UNFCCC and for immediate debt relief; calls for new and additional sources of loss and damage finance; further calls for debt relief and debt cancellation for loss and damage, and a loss and damage disaster mechanism by which loans would be converted to grants when disaster strikes;
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas according to the IPCC, climate change poses disproportionate and asymmetric risks to human and natural systems due to differences in vulnerability and exposure;
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Reminds that least developed countries (LDCs), fragile countries and small-island countries (SIDS) are most affected by the effects of climate change and therefore need to be prioritised; calls therefore on the Commission to ensure that sufficient resources are allocated to risk reduction strategies, technology transfer, capacity building in environmental education, disaster risk management and climate change adaptation;
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Expresses concern on how climate change could reverse human development through reduced agricultural productivity, increased food and water insecurity, increased exposure to extreme natural disasters, collapsed ecosystems and increased health risks;
Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6.
Amendment 63 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6.
Amendment 64 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6.
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Expresses concern at how international c
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6.
Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Expresses concern at how international climate market mechanisms can have negative implications; calls on the EU and Member States to advocate a ‘do no harm’ principle for all such mechanisms, ensuring in particular that all Article 6 mechanisms fully respect and protect the rights of local communities; reiterates its support for the establishment of a share of proceeds to provide financial support to those populations most vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change;
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls for the establishment of a binding framework for clean development mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which is essential to help developing countries in transforming their economies by fostering investment in climate friendly infrastructures and initiatives, sustainable agriculture, waste management and circular economy projects, and to achieve not only sustainable energy but also competitive prices; calls for the reduction of EU export of waste resources, an enhanced circular economy worldwide and an introduction of a global ban on single use plastic;
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas ecosystem-based adaptation increases the resilience and reduces the vulnerability of people and the environment to climate change;
Amendment 70 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Highlights the important role played by the private sector and financial organisations to innovate and adapt existing solutions and business models to make them accessible to low-income communities and improve their well-being and prosperity; believes that working towards deeper integration of developing countries and emerging markets into renewable energy and green-tech value chains holds benefits for all sides;
Amendment 71 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Highlights the important role played by the private sector and financial organisations to innovate and adapt existing solutions and business models to make them accessible to low-income communities and improve their well-being and prosperity;
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Stresses that insufficient adaptation capacities lead to climate-induced displacement
Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Emphasizes the scientifically proved interlinkage of the health, environmental and climate crises, as the coronavirus has shown; points out that, due to climate change and biodiversity loss, such crises might multiply in the decades to come; underlines the importance to anticipate the crises, in order to better manage populations displacement linked to climate change. Stresses that insufficient adaptation
Amendment 74 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Stresses that insufficient adaptation capacities lead to climate-induced displacement; stresses that climate change and environmental degradation increasingly interact with the drivers of refugee movements, since populations are being forcibly displaced from their homes by the effects of climate change and natural disasters; calls for the WIM Taskforce on Displacement to step up its activities;
Amendment 75 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Stresses that insufficient adaptation capacities lead to climate-induced displacement; the environmental impact is worst for more vulnerable people like women and girls, who are exposed to violations of their basic rights being often victims of human trafficking and sex exploitation; calls for the WIM Taskforce on Displacement to step up its activities;
Amendment 76 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Stresses that insufficient adaptation capacities
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Stresses that insufficient adaptation capacities can lead to climate-induced displacement; calls for the WIM Taskforce on Displacement to step up its activities;
Amendment 78 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Stresses that insufficient adaptation capacities
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7.
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Recital A b (new) Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Stresses that adaptation strategy should also encourage a change of model in developing countries, based on environmentally friendly and nature- based solutions; it should enhance self- sufficiency to ensure better living conditions, including sustainable and local agriculture, sustainable management of water, renewable energies, etc., in line with the Sustainable Development Goals; specific attention should also be paid to islands, where the population is the most vulnerable to climate change, in order to foster their resilience and the protection of their ecosystems;
Amendment 81 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Welcomes the landmark decision of the UN Human Rights Committee in the case of Teitiota v. New Zealand recognising that that people fleeing climate-related and natural disasters have a valid claim for international protection under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; urges the Commission and the Member States to take stock of this ruling and take all the necessary measures to ensure full protection of environmentally displaced persons under EU law and to provide appropriate asylum for climate refugees;
Amendment 82 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 b (new) 7b. Underlines that 80% of people displaced by climate change are women; welcomes the commitments made by Vice- President Frans Timmermans to redress gender inequalities that are exacerbated by climate change; urges the Commission to mainstream the gender perspective into all EU climate and development policies, and to promote the participation of indigenous women, women’s rights defenders and all marginalised gender communities within the UNFCCC framework;
Amendment 83 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 c (new) 7c. Recalls the "Do No Harm" principle under the European Green Deal, and urges the Commission to rapidly ensure the full consistency of existing and future trade and investment agreements and other global regulations with the international environmental and climate goals, in particular the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and include binding provisions to end land grabbing and deforestation;
Amendment 84 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Insists that the
Amendment 85 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Insists that the legally binding agreement for a post-2020 global biodiversity framework involve and benefit vulnerable populations; reiterates the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services by the IPBES that exports of crops and other resources from developing countries has contributed to declines in nature, while importing developed and rapidly-growing developing countries often decrease nature degradation nationally;
Amendment 86 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Insists that the legally binding agreement for a post-2020 global biodiversity framework involve and benefit vulnerable populations; calls on the EU, as part of the Biodiversity Strategy external dimension, to pay specific attention to developing countries and their populations, as they are territories with high biodiversity;
Amendment 87 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 8. Insists that the
Amendment 88 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Expresses its deep concern about the impact of reduced biodiversity on resilience levels; underlines that biodiversity loss has great environmental, societal and economic impacts; therefore, calls on the Commission and the Member States to increase action and synergies in the climate and biodiversity agendas, in line with the European Green Deal;
Amendment 89 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Stresses that meeting our climate objectives should never happen at the expense of biodiversity; believes that the EU bioenergy policy should meet strict environmental and social criteria to prevent land grabbing and deforestation;
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Recital A b (new) Ab. whereas the EU must find a balance in providing support both to the third countries most vulnerable to the effects of climate change and to the Member States that are unable to address the challenges of climate neutrality without financial assistance;
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Stresses that climate change is severely affecting food production and food security in developing countries; calls on the EU to prioritise access to food and water in its efforts to combat the effects of climate change in developing countries; stresses that helping people to help themselves is and must become the most sustainable form of support;
Amendment 91 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Recalls that the negative consequences of climate change undermine a country’s development prospects, and compounds already existing inequalities such as gender disparities; urges the Commission to have a gender-sensitive approach in the elaboration and implementation of all policies that have an impact on the situation of rural women and girls;
Amendment 92 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Calls on all Parties to the Paris Agreement to fully implement the 5-year enhanced Lima work programme on gender and the gender action plan;
Amendment 93 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 b (new) Amendment 94 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 8 b (new) 8b. Calls on the Union and the Member States to support, at the next UN General Assembly, the global recognition of the right to a healthy environment;
Amendment 95 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Calls for greater international support for indigenous land rights, which would contribute to
Amendment 96 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Recalls the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land recognises that Indigenous Peoples and local communities play a critical role in stewarding and safeguarding the world's lands and forests, and that strengthening their rights is a critical solution to the climate crisis as it contributes to mitigation and adaptation; also recalls the IPBES Global Assessment Report that nature is generally declining less rapidly in indigenous peoples’ land than in other lands; Calls for greater international support for indigenous land rights, which would contribute to limiting global warming and biodiversity loss.
Amendment 97 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Calls for greater international support for indigenous
Amendment 98 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9.
Amendment 99 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Calls for greater international support for indigenous land rights, which would contribute to limiting global warming
source: 652.443
2020/09/08
LIBE
131 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas climate change and
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas existing evidence shows that environmental change impacts migration drivers, four migration outcomes can be distinguished: migration, displacement, being trapped and voluntary immobility;
Amendment 100 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 g (new) 5g. Calls for a constructive migration dialogue with countries of origin and transit aligned with other areas of cooperation, to advance governance and partnership on migration and mobility, on effective return, readmission and reintegration policy and on fighting corruption, as well as smuggler and human trafficking networks; considers that shared responsibility and the respect for human rights must be the basis of mutual cooperation;
Amendment 101 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Believes that introducing less restrictive and more coordinated EU channels for labour migration would complement the Common European Asylum System by providing additional paths for people affected by climate change, especially when fleeing slow- onset changes of the environment, where the decision to migrate may be voluntary and planned, even if constrained;
Amendment 102 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Stresses the need for the EU to promote research collaboration between European and developing countries so as to facilitate knowledge transfer and ensure that developing countries focus more closely on research into climate change;
Amendment 103 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Stresses that, if not closed, existing legal gaps will exacerbate future humanitarian crises and calls on the European Commission and Member States to urgently take action to develop and ensure access to safe and regular channels for those displaced as a consequence of climate change;
Amendment 104 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 Amendment 105 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 Amendment 106 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 Amendment 107 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 Amendment 108 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Underlines th
Amendment 109 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Underlines the ruling of the UN Human Rights Committee of 20 January 2020, which states that countries may not deport individuals facing climate change- induced conditions that violate the right to life; calls on the Member States to consider the risk of violations of the right to life due to climate change as part of their return decisions, notably triggering non- refoulement obligations, requiring thorough verification of those concerned; points out at the same time that it is necessary to ensure protection, equal treatment and respect for the rights of all children of refugee families from countries affected by climate change;
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas although factors related to climate change may influence decisions on migration, it is not possible to precisely determine their importance for the movement of people;
Amendment 110 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6.
Amendment 111 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Underlines the ruling of the UN Human Rights Committee of 20 January 2020, which states that countries may not deport individuals facing climate change- induced conditions that violate the right to life; calls on the Member States to consider the risk of violations of the right to life due to climate change, natural or human- made disasters as part of their return decisions, notably triggering non- refoulement obligations;
Amendment 112 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Underlines the ruling of the UN Human Rights Committee of 20 January 2020
Amendment 113 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 Amendment 114 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 Amendment 115 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 Amendment 116 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Considers that
Amendment 117 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Considers that, as part of the reform of the Union’s Migration and Asylum Policy,
Amendment 118 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Considers that, as part of the reform of the Union’s Migration and Asylum Policy,
Amendment 119 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Calls for the development of adaptation and resilience strategies to natural disasters, the adverse effects of climate change, and environmental degradation, such as desertification, land degradation, drought and sea level rise, taking into account the potential implications on migration, while recognizing that adaptation in the country of origin is a priority;
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas climate change is particularly affecting developing countries dependent on agriculture and forestry;
Amendment 120 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Calls on the international community to reduce the risk of disasters and to promote the inclusion of disaster risk reduction in national preparedness planning, as well as to strengthen the resilience and coping capacities in disaster-prone regions, minimising the need for environmentally-induced displacement when disasters occur;
Amendment 121 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 b (new) 7b. Calls on the international community to advance national and regional efforts to prevent and address root causes of displacement and promote the development of durable solutions;
Amendment 122 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 c (new) 7c. Underlines that the EU financial support (both internal and external) is being directed to support disaster risk reduction via various channels, including humanitarian aid and development instruments, climate change initiatives, support for endemic surveillance capacity and grants for research projects;
Amendment 123 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 d (new) 7d. Highlights the importance to supporting and strengthening the resilience of host communities and communities of origin in developing countries; acknowledges that the environmentally induced displacement linked to both sudden-onset and slow- onset environmental changes will inevitably continue and therefore measures will be required to assist the displaced, including through emergency responses in cases of sudden-onset disasters, and to find durable solutions through humanitarian and civil protection aid and capacity building measures;
Amendment 124 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Calls on the EU to enhance its support, as part of its external action, towards climate mitigation and adaptation in developing countries, as well as the protection and restoration of biodiversity, calls also on the EU to step up its technical assistance, as well as sharing of best practices with developing countries; notes that more funding should be dedicated to climate-related objectives and efforts to strengthen climate-resilience in developing countries; stresses that funding currently channelled towards border security and policing in the EU would be better spent on grants-based and other non-contingent financial support for climate mitigation, adaptation and other efforts to strengthen climate resilience in developing countries;
Amendment 125 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Stresses that the expansion of legal migration remains the exclusive competence of the Member States, which may introduce national solutions for migrants who are displaced due to natural disasters and climate change; notes that such arrangements should in any case include the necessary security procedures;
Amendment 126 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Highlights that women and minors are most vulnerable populations in the face of disasters and climate change;
Amendment 127 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 b (new) 7b. Recalls that any multilateral framework for cooperation in the field of migration and asylum should be based on existing international regulations and should respect the competences of the Member States;
Amendment 128 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 b (new) 7b. Urges the Commission to mainstream gender equality and climate justice in the elaboration and implementation of all policies that have impact on the situation of women and girls;
Amendment 129 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 c (new) 7c. Reminds the Commission to ensure coherent implementation of international existing and future instruments, in particular the Paris Agreement and Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development to take into account the internal and external impact of the EU;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Recital A b (new) Ab. whereas developing countries are disproportionately affected by meteorological changes, in many cases lacking sufficient capacity to respond to more frequent and intense natural disasters such as droughts, floods and heatwaves;
Amendment 130 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 d (new) 7d. Underlines that the European Union´s global engagement - both in terms of climate policy and migration displacement policy - has significantly expanded and is set to become yet more important in the context of geopolitical shifts;
Amendment 131 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 7 e (new) 7e. Highlights that environmental change and migration is addressed in its civil protection, humanitarian aid and development policies; stresses, however, that in the context of policies on international protection, no concrete initiatives to date have addressed the protection needs of people affected by environmental change, and specifically environmental - and other - disasters, as according to the prevailing interpretation of the 1951 Refugee Convention, displacement based on environmental reasons alone does not meet the requirement for refugee protection; notes that, within the EU, complementary forms of protection deriving from the Qualification Directive and the Temporary Protection Directive, as well as protection from non-refoulement under the Return Directive, could provide protection alternatives; deplores, however, that all of those instruments reveal deficiencies in the protection of environmentally displaced persons.
Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Recital A b (new) Ab. whereas migration, in the context of environmental change, should not be considered a problem whose root causes must be fought, but as an adaptation strategy to adverse environmental changes to which solutions should be provided;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Recital A b (new) Ab. whereas the heterogeneous character of data on migrants and displaced persons makes it difficult to assess the impact of climatic phenomena on international migration;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Recital A c (new) Ac. whereas migration is a complex process and migrants’ decisions to leave are most often motivated by a number of factors and conditions, both in the region of origin (push factors) and in the potential destination country (pull factors), including of a cultural, social, economic, legal or practical nature, and these factors are mutually determined and often coexist;
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas climate
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas climate-induced migration is strongly related to other factors,
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas climate-induced migration is strongly related to other factors, including
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas climate-induced
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas climate-induced displacement and migration
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas climate-induced migration is strongly related to other factors, including poverty, since when a country lacks the appropriate resources to adapt to climate change, this can aggravate poverty and force people to move; whereas climate change is an important risk multiplier for conflict, drought, famine and migration, especially in the poorest countries;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Recital B B. whereas
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas according to a report by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), in 2018 alone 17.2 million people were displaced as a result of disasters related to the climate, 9.3 million of these were in the region the most affected, the Asia-Pacific region; whereas the countries most affected are the Philippines, China and India;
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas the impact on health caused by climate change will be felt most by the poor who frequently have low resistance to diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea or malaria and enjoy limited access to the necessary healthcare and medicines;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas migration has to be seen in the context of environmental change as an adaptation strategy to adverse environmental change and part of the solution, not as a problem which must be fought;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas according to the prevailing interpretation of the 1951 Refugee Convention, displacement based on environmental reasons alone does not meet the requirement for refugee protection;
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas climate change is an important risk multiplier for conflict, drought, famine and migration;
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas climate change and consequential natural disasters have become common drivers of migration, which will be further exacerbated as the climate crisis worsens; whereas the majority of environmentally-induced migrants are likely to come from rural areas, as their livelihoods often depend on climate sensitive sectors such as farming and fishing;
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas climate change is affecting enjoyment of basic human rights;
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Recital B b (new) Bb. whereas adaptation to climate change places major stress on those suffering from heart problems, neurological disorders or obesity, as well vulnerable individuals among the very young and the old, that is to say children less than five years old and adults over 65;
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Recital B b (new) Bb. whereas there have been about 288 million people newly internally displaced due to disasters between 2008 and 2019, with floods causing half of the disaster- related displacement;
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Recital B c (new) Bc. whereas regional initiatives in Africa and Latin America have developed instruments to strengthen protection for those displaced in the context of climate change and disasters;
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Recital B d (new) Bd. whereas the UN non-binding Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement define IDPs as persons who were compelled to leave their homes or habitual residences, ‘in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalised violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters”; whereas there is however today no international legal instrument that would address cross-border migration as a consequence of climate change, natural or human-made disasters;
Amendment 35 #
Draft opinion Recital B e (new) Be. whereas Italy, Sweden and Finland developed national protection grounds for victims of climate change and natural disasters;
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Stresses that climate migration requires a normative framework to bridge existing protection gaps, via various and complementary methods; highlights the definition of climate migration offered by the IOM, as the movement of a person or groups of persons who, predominantly for reasons of sudden or progressive change in the environment due to climate change, are obliged to leave their habitual place of residence, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, within a State or across an international border; highlights that on the one hand, migration in this context can be associated with greater vulnerability of affected people, particularly if it is forced and that, on the other hand, migration can also be a form of adaptation to environmental stressors, helping to build resilience of affected individuals and communities;
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas climate change and consequential natural disasters have become common drivers of forced migration, which will be further exacerbated as the climate crisis worsens; whereas major CO2 emitters like the EU have a moral duty to help developing countries adapt to climate change, and should reduce their own emissions;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Stresses that
Amendment 41 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Stresses that climate migration does not require
Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Stresses that, according to the Geneva Convention, only a person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership of a particular social group, has been forced to leave his or her country of origin, and who, because of these fears, is unable or unwilling to avail him or herself of the protection of his country, can be considered a refugee. notes, furthermore, that subsidiary protection under EU law may be granted to a person whose return to his or her country of origin may present a risk of suffering serious harm through the imposition of the death penalty or execution, torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, serious and individual threat to life or health arising from the widespread use of violence against civilians in a situation of international or internal armed conflict, and who is unable or unwilling to avail him or herself of country-of-origin protection because of this risk;
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Highlights that there are other environmental factors not directly linked to climate change, but linked to human- made environmental changes such as land degradation or marine and coastal ecosystem degradation, land and water grabbing, as well as environmental disasters and pollution caused by wars, which also act as risk-multipliers and migration drivers, notably in vulnerable populations that are highly dependent on agriculture and natural local resources.
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Notes the definition of climate migration offered by the IOM; stresses the complex nature of the impact of environmental changes on displacement and migration and highlights, therefore, the need to increase the collection and analysis of robust data in this area; considers that Parliament should promote the clarification of terminology at European level on the displacement of people in connection with climate change;
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Stresses that many people from developing countries are unable to adapt to climate change, partly due to lack of education and access to information; points out that, in many cases adaptation requires the use of new technologies such as flood control systems, new farming techniques or early-warning systems;
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Encourages the full use of all existing bodies of laws and instruments in humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, and instruments on internal displacement, disaster management and legal migration in order to avert, address and minimise displacement in the context of climate change;
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Stresses that a framework needs to be established for dialogue with those countries most vulnerable to changes in the climate, to encourage the carrying out of the changes needed to protect their population and ensure basic services can be provided;
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Calls for strengthening joint analysis and sharing of information to better map, understand, predict and address migration movements;
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Emphasises that mobility, including cross-border mobility, needs to be part of the responses to adverse environmental changes;
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas climate change and consequential natural disasters have become
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 Amendment 53 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2.
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2.
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Deplores the fact that, while climate migration is a reality that is set to intensify, people who move for long-term, climate change-related reasons have no effective access to protection in the EU; calls on the Member States and the Commission to put in place protection pathways, which include
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Deplores the fact that, while climate migration is a reality that is set to intensify, people who move for long-term, climate change-related reasons have no effective access to protection in the EU; calls on the Member States and the Commission to
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Deplores the fact that, while climate migration is a reality that is set to intensify, and while some exceptions exist under national law in a limited number of Member States for what relates to environmental disasters, people who move for long-term, climate change-related reasons have no effective access to protection in the EU; reaffirms the exacerbated vulnerability of women, children and the poorest communities; calls on the Member States and the Commission to put in place protection pathways, which include promoting humanitarian visas, temporary protection, authorisation to stay, and regional and bilateral free movement agreements; proposes that a climate passport be issued to persons coming from a country, or part of it, that will become uninhabitable due to climate change as a way to offer them protection from vulnerability and statelessness; proposes that any change in the environment due to climate change be explicitly listed among eligibility criteria for humanitarian protection; calls on the Commission and Member States to put forward such proposals in international forums, in parallel to other EU initiatives;
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Deplores the fact that, while climate migration is a reality that is set to intensify, people who move for
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2.
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas climate change and consequential natural disasters affect enjoyment of basic human rights and have become common drivers of migration,
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Deplores the fact that, while climate migration is a reality that is set to intensify, people who move for long-term, climate change-related reasons have no effective access to protection in the EU; calls on the Member States and the Commission to put in place protection pathways, which include promoting
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Deplores the fact that, while climate migration is a reality that is set to intensify, people who move for
Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses that most displacements related to natural disasters are of an internal or regional nature, so that the affected population remains mainly within the borders of their countries of origin or neighbouring countries; stresses that a systemic approach should be taken to tackling climate change and natural disasters through the promotion of environmentally sustainable development, while addressing the root causes of migration and displacement in a long- term manner through development cooperation;
Amendment 63 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Highlights the fact that the large number of bureaucratic obstacles and restrictions related to climate policies has caused a large part of European industry to relocate to the Asia-Pacific region, creating serious employment crises on the European continent and increasing vulnerability in that region to the effects of the climate because of, among other reasons, the rise in the urban population caused by a shift from rural and agricultural work to insecure jobs in urban factories;
Amendment 64 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Believes that the EU should promote and support adaptation and mitigation measures in developing countries as they are most vulnerable to climate change and are in urgent need of assistance; adaptation should be an extension of sustainable development and as such should focus on: economic growth and diversification, better health and education and more effective disaster preparation mechanisms;
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Deplores the fact that certain political groups and national or international institutions are making use of natural disasters and the displacement of population they cause, in countries that are less economically and socially developed, to create non-existent legal categories such as ‘climate refugee’ that will have a harmful pull factor for thousands of people; whereas this will, in fact, be to the great detriment of those people who do indeed have a right to the international protection granted by refugee status on grounds of religious, ideological or political persecution;
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas climate change and consequential natural disasters have
Amendment 70 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 71 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Calls for the effective implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees, to ensure more effective protection, via complementary pathways and appropriate financing, for persons displaced by the consequences of climate change or natural disasters, given that persons who migrate for environmental reasons enjoy neither refugee status nor international protection;
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Calls for the effective implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees, to ensure more effective protection, via complementary pathways and appropriate financing, for persons displaced by the consequences of climate change
Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Stresses that it is essential to support measures to minimise the effects of climate change in the place of origin of affected people in order to prevent migration from being their main adaptation strategy;
Amendment 74 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Calls for effective long-term strategies and policies to ensure assistance and protection for migrants displaced by climate change and proper resource allocation for mitigating climate migration;
Amendment 75 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 Amendment 76 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 Amendment 78 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) identifies climate change as a driver of migration and urges countries to introduce channels and to plan for people who move due to natural disasters and climate change; stresses that the GCM also restates the need to tackle the causes of climate change and to support adaptation in developing countries so that people are not forced to leave their homes;
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that the Global Compact
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Recital A A. whereas
Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4.
Amendment 81 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration identifies climate change as
Amendment 82 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Reminds Member States that although climate migration is mainly internal for the present, as the global climate emergency worsens more vulnerable people may cross borders seeking protection on an international level; urges therefore, that EU countries engage in the establishment and implementation of effective migration management and policy which includes the consideration of climate migrants as a matter of priority;
Amendment 83 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 Amendment 84 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 Amendment 85 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Commission to enhance and better coordinate less restrictive legal channels for third-country workers and their families, which would include mobility schemes and preferential access for workers coming from a country, or part of it, affected by climate change, which may result in famine and insecurity of food supplies or deprive many people of their means of subsistence, thereby triggering the migration of millions;
Amendment 86 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the
Amendment 87 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Commission to enhance and better coordinate
Amendment 88 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Commission to enhance and better coordinate less
Amendment 89 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas discussions on climate migration should not lose their focus on preventive measures, given our environmental objectives to invest in climate and environmental solutions for our planet, as a direct way to prevent forced climate migration in the future;
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Commission to enhance and better coordinate less restrictive legal channels for third-country workers and their families, which would include mobility schemes and
Amendment 91 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Commission to enhance and better coordinate
Amendment 92 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Commission to enhance and better coordinate less restrictive legal channels for third-country workers and their families, which would include mobility schemes and
Amendment 93 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Calls on the Commission to enhance and better coordinate
Amendment 94 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Calls on the Commission to invest in programs that accelerate fulfilment of the Sustainable Development Goals with the aim of eliminating the adverse drivers and structural factors that compel people to leave their country of origin, including through climate change mitigation and adaptation;
Amendment 95 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Asks to address climate change through sustainable trade, development aid and other policies as key elements in the prevention of migration caused by climate change, both directly or indirectly;
Amendment 96 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 c (new) 5c. Calls on the Commission and Member States to increase development aid to countries affected by natural disasters and climate change;
Amendment 97 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 d (new) 5d. Develop coherent solutions for the challenges of human migration in the context of natural disasters and calls for a multi-sectoral approach that addresses both root, causes and consequences of the nexus between environmental change, on the one hand, and migration and displacement, on the other;
Amendment 98 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 e (new) 5e. Insists that funds should be channelled through international organizations on the ground to ensure that aid reaches the ones in need;
Amendment 99 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 f (new) 5f. Calls on the Commission to develop trade, development and economic policies, which contribute to people’s ability to live in their country of origin in a sustainable way; insists that good access to education and sustainable development are the main tools to reduce poverty and enable populations to live and develop in a more humane and dignified manner in their own land;
source: 657.277
2020/10/15
DEVE
309 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 1 a (new) — having regard to Article 11 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 b (new) – having regard to UN Human Rights Council Resolution 41/21 of 12 July 2019 on Human Rights and Climate Change,
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas adaptation action should mainly focus on the most vulnerable and should include increasing the resilience of their dwellings, and the infrastructure they depend on, to extreme weather events, improving their food and water security, helping subsistence farmers to adapt their agricultural methods to changes in rainfall and temperature patterns, possibly by helping them transition to more drought- resistant crops and, where applicable, develop an activity which is complementary to the main farming activity, and helping poor people in increasingly uninhabitable areas to re- settle;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas the effects of climate change occur in societies comprising groups with very unequal access to resources enabling them to adapt to, and mitigate, those effects; whereas adaptation action should mainly focus on the most vulnerable and should include increasing the resilience of their dwellings, and the infrastructure they depend on, to extreme weather events, improving their food and water security, helping subsistence farmers to adapt their agricultural methods to changes in rainfall
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas adaptation action should mainly focus on the most vulnerable and should include increasing the resilience of their dwellings, and the infrastructure they depend on, to extreme weather events, improving their food and water security, increasing their access to climate- responsive social protection and services, helping subsistence farmers to adapt their agricultural methods to changes in rainfall and temperature patterns, and helping poor people in increasingly uninhabitable areas to re-settle;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas adaptation action should mainly focus on the most vulnerable and
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L a (new) La. whereas due to the impact of climate change on agriculture the EU must promote sustainable and productive dryland agro-ecosystems through forming model farms, implementing landscape approaches, supporting both exchanges of farmers’ experiences, and farmers’ field schools, and providing training in the framework of EU development cooperation notably in the Sahel region and in other desertification affected areas;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L a (new) La. whereas adverse effects of climate change are important drivers of displacement within countries and across borders interacting with and exacerbating factors such as poverty, marginalisation, weak governance, the absence of effective measures to reduce disaster risks and adapt to climate change, and in some situations conflict and its root causes;
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L b (new) Lb. whereas already today an annual average of more than 20 million people are displaced by sudden-onset weather and climate-related events, while many others are forced or decide to move in the context of sea-level rise, droughts, perma- frost thawing and other slow-onset processes related to global warming;
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas, according to the World Bank, by 2050, without concrete climate and development action, over 143 million people in just three regions (Latin America, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa) could be forced to move within their own
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas, according to the World Bank
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas, climate-fuelled disasters are the number one driver of internal displacement in low- and lower-middle income countries and, according to the World
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 b (new) — having regard to the 2020 scientific report “Small-scale fisheries in a warming ocean: exploring adaptation to climate change;”
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M a (new) Ma. whereas it is increasingly recognised that preventing, addressing, and resolving displacement and migration related to climate change is primarily a development challenge; whereas local and regional governments in some developing countries have started to integrate management of displacement risks and the finding of durable solutions for displacement-affected communities as well as disaster risk reduction and climate action plans and adaptation strategies, while cooperating with their peers in initiatives such as the Covenant of Mayors;
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M a (new) Ma. whereas climate-induced displacements are expected to increase as extreme weather events become more frequent and intense, sea levels rise and many countries start to experience the limits of their adaptation and disaster risk reduction action and measures;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M a (new) Ma. whereas according to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, 17.2 million people had to leave their homes last year, because of disasters that negatively affected their lives;
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M b (new) Mb. whereas the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) identifies climate change among the drivers that compel people to leave their country of origin and commits countries to enhance the availability and flexibility of pathways for regular migration including for displaced persons who cannot return to and adapt in countries of origin affected by adverse effects of climate change;
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M b (new) Mb. whereas climate-induced displacements are expected to increase as extreme weather events become more frequent and intense, sea levels rise and many countries start to experience the limits of their adaptation and disaster risk reduction action and measures;
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M c (new) Mc. whereas the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) acknowledges that external forced displacement may result from sudden-onset disasters and environmental degradation and recognises the need for guidance and support for measures assisting those displaced by disasters;
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N N.
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N N. whereas the ruling by the UN Human Rights Committee in the case of Teitiota v New Zealand acknowledges a legal basis for refugee protection for those who face an imminent threat to their life on account of climate change; Emphasises that EU policies, support and solutions should be regional and prioritise local adaptation efforts within the countries from which people are compelled to move due to climate-related harm;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N N. whereas the ruling by the UN Human Rights Committee
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 c (new) – having regard to the UN Human Rights Council resolution on the slow onset effects of Climate Change and Human Rights Protection for cross- border migrants,
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N a (new) Na. whereas the strategy of the EU and its Member States in support of developing countries should be designed to anticipate the effects of climate change; whereas this support should be directed both to the short-term effects of climate change, such as natural disasters, and to its long-term effects such as the loss of territories due to rising sea-levels or droughts ;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N a (new) Na. whereas 200 to 500 million people worldwide practise pastoralism and pastoralism is central to livelihood strategies in the drylands and mountainous regions of East Africa;
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N b (new) Nb. whereas climate change constitutes a major challenge for both the national and local levels and requires a territorial approach in order to give decentralised local authorities as well as local CSOs a greater role to address the environmental, social and economic impacts of climate change
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N b (new) Nb. whereas agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change, notably for small-scale family farming, which constitutes the predominant form of agriculture worldwide;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N c (new) Nc. whereas the geographical situations of developing countries tend to make them suffer worse consequences of the impacts of climate change, in particular in the case of developing countries around the tropical belt which regularly suffer from extreme weather events such as El Nino or La Nina;
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N c (new) Nc. whereas on 20 December 2017, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a project through which it declared 2019- 2028 as the United Nations Decade of Family Farming;
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N d (new) Nd. whereas food systems are responsible for up to one-third of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, with these emissions including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20) and therefore being a major driver of climate change;
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N d (new) Nd. whereas vulnerable populations are directly dependent on biological diversity for their food, health and economic security; whereas they sometimes lack the resources to effectively address climate change on their own;
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N e (new) Ne. whereas island territories are particularly affected by the impacts of climate change, including sea level rise, increasing air and sea surface temperatures and tropical cyclones; whereas islands and isolated territories often rely on international and EU aid for their risk and crisis management capacity
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N e (new) Ne. whereas according to the FAO, over the past two decades, commercial agriculture has become the most important driver of deforestation in Low Income and Low Middle Income countries, especially in tropical areas;
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 d (new) – having regard to the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty of 17 July 2019 in relation to climate change and poverty,
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N f (new) Nf. whereas, according to the OECD, South-South migration, whether voluntary or forced, concerns 82 million people and accounts for 36% of international migration; whereas international and European development strategies should therefore take into account this macro-regional perspective in order to better support the resilience of vulnerable populations and the adaptation of territories affected by the impacts of climate change;
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N f (new) Nf. whereas economic globalisation has often led to an agricultural model based on export crop monocultures which favours unsustainable farming practices in many developing countries and reinforces a dual agricultural model, where small-scale farming is impoverished and, consequently, even more vulnerable to climate change;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N g (new) Ng. whereas the 1951 International Convention relating to the Status of Refugees does not cover the scope of protection of persons displaced on environmental grounds;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N g (new) Ng. whereas the globalisation of agricultural markets is reinforcing biodiversity erosion, resulting in less capacity to innovate and adapt to climate change;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N h (new) Nh. whereas climate-induced migration is increasing and requires intensified cooperation at the international level as well as the development of sustainable and realistic solutions, adapted to the needs of the affected populations, to strengthen their resilience to climate change;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N h (new) Nh. whereas there is scientific evidence that organic farming practises can achieve higher levels of CO2 sequestration, which makes them an important solution in mitigating climate change;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N i (new) Ni. whereas environmental crimes, the cost of which has been estimated by the UN Environment programme and INTERPOL to be up to twice as high as the global aid budget, accelerate climate change, notably through forestry crimes;
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N j (new) Nj. whereas the Republic of Maldives called, in its statement of 3 December 2019, to amend the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to recognise criminal acts that amount to ecocide;
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Recalls that the world is badly off track to reach the agreed objective of limiting global heating to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels while pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1,5 °C; is alarmed by the impacts of this on developing countries; condemns the failure of world leaders to take adequate action and calls for the EU to make its European Green Deal an example of such action; stresses that the external dimension of the Green Deal should give priority to supporting partner countries in their efforts to adapt to climate change and take full account of the particular needs of the most vulnerable people or those suffering discrimination;
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Recalls that the world is badly off track to reach the agreed objective of limiting global heating to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels while pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C; is alarmed by the impacts of this on developing countries; condemns the failure of world leaders to take adequate action and calls for the EU to show climate and biodiversity leadership and to make its European Green Deal an example of such action; recalls in this regard the proposal of the President of the European Commission to increase the 2030 target for emission reduction to at least 55% within the EU;
Amendment 14 #
— having regard to the EU Adaptation Strategy of 2013, the Evaluation of the EU Adaptation Strategy of 2018 and the Blueprint for a new, more ambitious EU Strategy on the Adaptation to climate change;
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Recalls that the world is badly off track to reach the agreed objective of
Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Recalls that the world is badly off track to reach the agreed objective of limiting global heating to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels while pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1,5 °C; is alarmed by the impacts of this on developing countries, in particular the least developed countries; condemns the failure of world leaders to take adequate action
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Recalls that the world is badly off track to reach the agreed objective of
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Recalls that the world is badly off track to reach the agreed objective of limiting global heating to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels while pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C; is alarmed by the impacts of this on developing countries; condemns the
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Recalls that the world is badly off
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Highlights the fact that developing countries are disproportionately affected by the adverse impacts of climate change; notes that it is our common responsibility to introduce measures to fight climate change through promoting the climate- proofing of investments, adaptation, decentralised access to renewable energy and climate mitigation;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Notes that populations of Small Island Developing States are particularly exposed to impacts of climate change and that their challenges therefore require a special assessment, and increased building of resilience against climate- related shocks;
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Takes note of the ongoing negotiations of the European Commission’s ambitious plans to reduce EU greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, compared to their 1990 values, in European Climate Law;
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Believes that it is increasingly urgent to radically change a neo-liberal economic model, which has produced increased inequalities and contributes to accelerating climate change.
Amendment 149 #
2. Calls on the Commission to prepare a comprehensive strategy for the EU’s
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 a (new) — having regard to the Oxfam report on “Confronting carbon inequality”, published on 21 September 2020
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2. Calls on the Commission to prepare, in parallel to the Union’s existing efforts, a comprehensive strategy for the EU’s contribution to limiting the impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations in developing countries through:
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2. Calls on the Commission to prepare a comprehensive strategy for the EU’s contribution to limiting and mitigating the impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations in developing countries through:
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 1 - the pursuit of rapid, radical curbing and reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions,
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 1 - the pursuit of
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 1 - the pursuit of rapid, radical curbing and reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions, including through own emission cuts, of at least 65% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels;
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 1 - the pursuit of rapid, radical curbing and reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions, including through own emission cuts of up to 65% by 2030,
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 1 a (new) Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 2 - the reduction of general vulnerability through poverty and inequality reduction, putting in place resilient social protection systems, as well as addressing specific vulnerabilities to impacts of climate change resulting, for example, from the locations of dwellings and the bases of livelihoods, or specific vulnerabilities of different people, including women, children, older persons, people with disabilities, displaced people including refugees and internally displaced persons, stateless persons and migrants and communities at risk of becoming displaced,
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 2 - the prevention and reduction of general vulnerability through poverty and inequality reduction, as well as addressing specific vulnerabilities to impacts of climate change resulting, for example, from the locations of dwellings and the
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 2 - the reduction of general vulnerability through poverty and inequality reduction, as well as addressing specific vulnerabilities to impacts of climate change resulting, for example, from the locations of dwellings
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 b (new) — having regard to the European Parliament in depth analysis on Trade and Biodiversity of June 2020
Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 2 - the reduction of general vulnerability through poverty and inequality reduction, as well as addressing specific vulnerabilities to impacts of climate change resulting, for example, from the locations of dwellings and the bases of livelihoods, tenure insecurity and forced displacement,
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 2 - the reduction of general vulnerability through poverty
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 2 - the reduction of general vulnerability through
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 2 a (new) - to advance clean energy strategies and to share best practice with country partners in this regard; emphasises the potential to work with the private sector in energy adaptation; further emphasises that the introduction of such energy strategies requires working with communities and local populations to ensure the delivery of such energy matches the needs of the population;
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 2 a (new) - multilateral cooperation with the countries where massive deforestation occurs in order to protect forests and improve their management and conservation;
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 3 - increased support for developing countries’ capacities to take such action with resources mobilised by themselves, in particular financial support but also technical assistance, including resources for monitoring weather or health events in order to improve planning and prevention, and with the help of international climate financing and other assistance,
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 3 - increased support for developing countries’ capacities to take such action with resources mobilised by themselves
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 3 - increased support for developing countries’ capacities to take such action with resources mobilised by themselves and with the help of international climate financing and other assistance, such as technical assistance, as well as sharing of best practices;
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 3 a (new) - increased support for community- based actions on disaster risk reduction and focus on early action to mitigate and reduce risk and build resilience, to enable local communities to prevent and withstand climate shocks;
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 3 a (new) - increased support for community- based actions on disaster risk reduction and focus on early action to reduce risk and build resilience, in order to enable local communities to prevent and withstand climate shocks;
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 b (new) — having regard to the ILO Convention 169 on indigenous and tribal peoples (1989);
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 3 b (new) - working with local populations and communities to promote innovative and climate-smart agriculture, particularly local initiatives with positive effects on sustainable agriculture and land management;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 Amendment 172 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 - affirming and seeking widespread, binding recognition that migration is becoming ever more necessary as part of the response to the impacts of climate change, and proposing international arrangements for managing climate migration
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 - affirming and seeking widespread,
Amendment 174 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 - affirming and seeking wide
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 - affirming and seeking widespread, binding recognition that migration is becoming ever more necessary as part of the response to the impacts of climate change, and proposing international arrangements for managing climate- induced migration, including through the establishment and promotion of safe, legal migration channels;
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 -
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 -
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 - die Bestätigung dessen, dass die Migration als Teil der Reaktionen auf die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels immer notwendiger w
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 - affirming and seeking widespread,
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 c (new) — having regard to the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) of 2007;
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 - affirming and seeking widespread
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 -
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 a (new) - increased support for developing countries’ capacities to manage climate- induced displacement risks including identification of communities at particular risk of being forced to flee their homes due to sudden- or slow-onset disasters; early warning systems; disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and resilience-building measures; and, as a measure of last resort, planned relocation;
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 a (new) - foreseeing the establishment of a regulatory framework to ensure that future investment and trade include mandatory human rights impact assessment and mandatory due diligence requirements;
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 4 b (new) - implementing a “nexus” approach that bridges emergency response and mid/long-term objectives to address the impact of climate change through a concerted, multi-facetted approach to reduce people’s vulnerabilities and identify and implement sustainable solutions;
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 - increas
Amendment 186 #
- increasing capacities to rapidly respond to needs for humanitarian aid, as global heating will inevitably keep increasing such needs, especially through the rapid response component of the NDICI;
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 -
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 - increasing capacities to rapidly respond to needs for
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 a (new) - promoting the systematic inclusion of a gender dimension in partner countries’ climate action and environmental policies in order, on the one hand, to address the numerous discriminations suffered by women and girls in connection with the consequences of climate change and, on the other hand, to promote their role and participation in decisions on combating climate change and environmental degradation;
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 c (new) — having regard to the EU Gender Action Plan 2016 and the UNFCCC Gender Action Plan
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 a (new) – transfer training facilities to developing countries in order to establish robust natural disaster warning and prevention systems, emergency response protocols, food storage facilities, durable infrastructure or public communication networks, among other mitigation measures,
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 a (new) - supporting developing countries in defending common goods like water and forest from exploitation and privatisation, in expanding or putting in place public and universal social protection systems necessary to tackle inequalities and poverty and ensuring a nexus with humanitarian assistance,
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 a (new) - increased financial support to developing countries to support more effective implementation of the SDGs in order to anticipate and limit the environmental, social and economic impacts of climate change;
Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 a (new) Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 a (new) - affirming support for the principles of climate justice and the pursuit of a human rights based approach to the EU’s climate and development policies,
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 a (new) - Reinforcing the role of education in resilience building and low-carbon approaches;
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 b (new) - a global strategy based on disaster prevention and adaptation, pre and post extreme weather events, to increase the resilience of vulnerable territories, such as islands
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – indent 5 b (new) – recognise the decision-making power of vulnerable populations in relation to the adoption of adaptation and mitigation measures,
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Recalls its support for the establishment of a dedicated and automatic EU public finance mechanism helping to deliver the Union’s fair share of the pledged USD 100 billion per year from 2020 in new and additional climate finance from developed to developing countries; urges all EU Member States to rapidly scale up climate finance, prioritising grants-based finance, in particular for LDCs and SIDS, and to further increase financial support during the 2020-2025 period; believes new sources of finances should be mobilised, such as taxation on kerosene and maritime fuel, a financial transaction tax, or a tax on fossil fuel extraction;
Amendment 199 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Introducing a circular economy and an effective waste management system to prevent plastic rubbish and hazardous waste export to developing countries and environmental degradation outside the EU;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 — having regard to the European Consensus on Development and the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular Goals 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 13,
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 d (new) — having regard to the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land (2019);
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Calls for a specific budget line under the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument for actions to limit and manage the impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations in developing countries
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Calls for
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Calls on the Commission and Member States in their relation and dialogues with third countries to support Governments and other stakeholders at national and sub-national levels to adopt finance laws, policies, standards and budgets that support adaptation measures to strengthen the resilience of systems (e.g. health system, education system, social protection etc.), communities and people
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Highlights the role of the EIB to help developing countries to tackle the global climate crisis; recalls that the EIB must prioritise sustainable investments, which entails excluding the financing of high-carbon activities in the transport, energy and heavy industry sectors, as well as significantly increasing financial grants to developing countries;
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Acknowledges that the humanitarian-development nexus approach offers a unique opportunity to develop prevention measures, enhance response capacity, support early recovery, build self-reliance and reduce risks at community level, to leave no one behind;
Amendment 207 #
3a. Calls for directing at least 25% of humanitarian funding to local organisations, with a particular focus on women-led and women’s rights organisations;
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Recalls that the consequences of climate change, including droughts, floods, plummeting biodiversity and the loss of human lives, are deeply undermining low-income and fragile African countries’ development prospects; calls for European support for African countries’ and local authorities’ implementation of the Paris Agreement to be stepped up, through adequate funding for mitigation, adaptation and compensation for loss and damage, with promotion of inclusive stakeholder participation in the elaboration and implementation of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and National Agricultural Investment Plans; calls, more broadly, on the EU to develop a strong new EU Strategy on Adaptation which commits to making adaptation to climate change a priority in EU external relations;
Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Considers that the strategy must include reducing poverty and inequality and strengthening good governance in general as a means to reduce risks and harm caused by climate change;
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 e (new) — having regard to the IPCC Special report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (2019);
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Considers that the strategy must include reducing poverty and inequality and strengthening human rights in general as a means to reduce risks and harm caused by climate change;
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Considers that the strategy must include economic development, reducing poverty and inequality in general as a means to reduce risks and
Amendment 212 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Considers that the strategy must include
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses that the agricultural sector is one of the hardest hit by the consequences of climate change in partner countries; recalls that women in rural areas are particularly exposed to the consequences of climate change on agricultural production and food security; calls on the EU and its Member States to enhance their cooperation with partner countries in order to include a stronger gender dimension in agricultural and rural development policies;
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Underlines that the consequences of the combination of a health pandemic and a global recession will seriously undermine the capability of developing countries to achieve the SDGs, notably by least developed countries (LDCs); emphasises that short-term crisis responses aimed at protecting jobs and boosting economic recovery need to be coupled with longer-term strategic goals of mitigating climate change and shoring up climate change adaptation and resilience;
Amendment 215 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Calls on the Commission and Member States in their relation and dialogues with third countries to support Governments and other stakeholders at national and sub-national levels to adopt finance laws, policies, standards and budgets that support adaptation measures to strengthen the resilience of systems (e.g. health system, education system, social protection etc.), communities and people
Amendment 216 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Calls on the Commission to address the health consequences of climate change, work to mitigate health risks related to disasters, improve access to basic healthcare services and enhance cooperation between health authorities and other relevant stakeholders to strengthen capacities for disaster risk management and the building of resilient health systems;
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 b (new) Amendment 218 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Recalls that women and girls are more likely to die in a natural disaster or to be displaced, in particular owing to a lack of access to information and the fact that they carry the main responsibility for taking care of the family; stresses that women and girls are also particularly vulnerable to early school leaving, sexual violence and exploitation during and after such crises; calls on the EU to strengthen this gender dimension in its humanitarian action and to ensure access to sexual and reproductive health services;
Amendment 219 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Stresses that additional debt relief efforts will only be effective if they translate into additional fiscal space to finance policies that are centred on human rights and enable a transition to climate-resilient and sustainable economies; accordingly, stresses the need to link debt relief measures with additional mobilisation of ODA; recalls donors’ commitment to spend 0.7% of their GNI as ODA; notes that in 2019, DAC members did, however, collectively spend only 0.3%, with only five members meeting or exceeding the spending target (United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, Luxembourg, and Norway); urges donors to rapidly scale up ODA to levels committed to but never delivered; more broadly, calls for the creation of a multilateral debt workout mechanism, under UN auspices, to address both the impact of the crisis and the financing requirements of the Agenda 2030;
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 f (new) — having regard to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) of 6 May 2019;
Amendment 220 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Reaffirms its commitment to poverty reduction and aid to the least developed countries as the fundamental objectives of the EU’s development policy and to the implementation of policy coherence for development; intends to strengthen its own contribution to this implementation, with a view, in particular, to helping to build an adequate EU response to the evolving climate crisis; notes that in 2019 the European Union remained the world’s largest donor, with EUR 75.2 billion in official development assistance together with that of the Member States, which is 55.2% of global aid;
Amendment 221 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Reaffirms its commitment to
Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Reaffirms its commitment to poverty reduction and eradication as the fundamental objective of the EU’s development policy and to the implementation of policy coherence for development, especially in industrial, commercial, agricultural, investment and migration policies; intends to strengthen its own contribution to this implementation, with a view, in particular, to helping to build an adequate EU
Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Reaffirms its commitment to poverty reduction as the fundamental objective of the EU’s development policy and to the implementation of policy coherence for development, especially so far as concerns industrial, commercial, agricultural and migratory policies; intends to strengthen its own contribution to this implementation, with a view, in particular, to helping to build an adequate EU response to the evolving climate crisis;
Amendment 224 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Calls for the EU to lead international discussions on providing support for the loss and damage caused by climate change in developing countries; including through the use of innovative climate finance methods;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Re
Amendment 226 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Reiterates its call for a commitment by the EU and its Member States to
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Reiterates its call for a commitment by the EU and its Member States to significantly increase the adaptation finance they provide and points once more to the need for progress on the issue of loss and damage, for which additional resources should be raised; calls for the engagement of development partners to ensure that funds, as well as public and private investments, are based on a needs-based approach defined in a partnership with vulnerable communities; calls for the involvement and engagement of vulnerable groups in the design and implementation of programmes;
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6.
Amendment 229 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Reiterates its call for a commitment by the EU and its Member States to significantly
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 a (new) — having regard to the special report of the IPCC “Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation”;
Amendment 230 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Reiterates its call for a commitment by the EU and its Member States to
Amendment 231 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Reiterates its call for a commitment by the EU and its Member States to set official development aid at 0.7% of GNI by 2020 to significantly increase the adaptation finance they provide and points once more to the need for progress on the issue of loss and damage, for which additional resources should be raised;
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Expresses its deep concern about the possible negative effects of EU free trade agreements and trade liberalisation on biodiversity, deforestation and land grabbing in developing countries, which often affects indigenous peoples. Calls on the Commission to carefully review its commercial policy, especially in relation to Economic Partnership Agreements, EPAs, to ensure that this policy is not in contradiction with the principles of policy coherence for development, the Paris Agreement and the Green Deal. Asks the Commission and the Council not to conclude new free trade agreements that could contribute to increased world deforestation and biodiversity loss.
Amendment 233 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Urges the European Commission and the Member States to consider specifically the vulnerability of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to climate change, and to consider in their responses the need to promote adaptation and mitigation, particularly as regards energy sources and through clean energy strategies;
Amendment 234 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Reaffirms its commitments to the Sendai Framework and stresses the need for a new EU Action Plan after 2021 to be aligned with the Agenda 2030, to strengthen investments on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation at a local level where it is most needed;
Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls for the addressing of structural economic vulnerabilities of developing countries exacerbating the vulnerabilities to climate change, with inclusion of local small and medium size enterprises;
Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) Amendment 237 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Calls for climate-related EU gender funding to be scaled up and for urgent gender-based climate action focused on women to be established in the design and implementation of preparedness, mitigation and adaptation p
Amendment 239 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Calls for
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 a (new) — having regard to the UN Global Compact on Migration of December 2018;
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Calls for climate-related EU gender funding to be scaled up and for urgent gender-based climate action focused on women to be established in the design, and implementation and monitoring/evaluation of preparedness, mitigation
Amendment 241 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Calls for climate-related EU
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Calls for climate-related EU gender funding to be scaled up and for urgent gender-based climate action focused on women and girls to be established in the design and implementation of preparedness, mitigation and adaptation programmes;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Calls on the EU and its Members States to support an ambitious level of finance for the new UNFCCC 2025 climate finance goal, by demanding to establish clear criteria for international climate finance in order to improve the Rio markers methodology, notably to ensure that there is no double counting or overestimation of EU climate finance, with sub-goals for adaptation, loss and damage, and grant-based finance from the European Commission and the European Development Fund;
Amendment 244 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Underlines the crucial role of water diplomacy, since, as a result of climate change, water is at risk of becoming an increasingly scarce resource;
Amendment 245 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Expresses its support to young people and recognises their valuable contribution in raising global awareness of climate change and the need to empower younger generations;
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Expresses its support to young people and recognises their valuable contribution in raising global awareness of climate change and the need to empower younger generations; underlines the importance of intercultural dialogue with
Amendment 247 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Expresses its support to young people and recognises their valuable contribution in raising global awareness of climate change and the need to empower younger generations; underlines the importance of intercultural dialogue with migrants and refugees in order to raise awareness of climate change and also to combat all racist and discriminatory practices against migrants, taking into consideration, however, that the main causes of migration are economic, social and political;
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Recalls that climate change acts as a risk multiplier for conflict, drought, famine and migration; stresses the importance of addressing environmental drivers of migration and of implementing the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) with the aim to protect people displaced by the consequences of climate change; welcomes the landmark decision of the UN Human Rights Committee in the case of Teitiota v. New Zealand, recognising that people fleeing climate-related and natural disasters have a valid claim for international protection under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; urges the Commission and the Member States to take stock of this ruling and take all the necessary measures to ensure full protection of environmentally displaced persons under the EU law and to provide appropriate asylum for climate refugees, while creating channels for safe and regular migration; proposes, in particular, that a climate pass is issued to persons coming from a country, territory or island which will be inhabitable due to climate change as a way to offer protection from vulnerability and statelessness, and that change in the environment due to climate change be added as one of the eligibility criteria for humanitarian protection; calls on the Commission and Member States to put forward such solutions in international fora, in parallel to other EU initiatives; recalls that ODA must keep its purposes of eradicating poverty, reducing inequality, meeting humanitarian needs and respecting human rights, and must never be conditional on migration control;
Amendment 249 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Recalls that the private sector has a key role to play in reducing the impact of climate change on vulnerable populations in developing countries; calls on all European companies operating in countries particularly affected by climate change to establish protocols designed to mitigate the impact of their activities on vulnerable populations and to comply with the highest environmental standards laid down in EU legislation; calls on the Member States to take action against companies that do not refrain from engaging in activities that aggravate the climate vulnerability of populations in developing countries; welcomes the fact that the Commission is preparing a proposal for the establishment of a harmonised legal framework on corporate due diligence, and calls on the Commission to ensure its proposal unequivocally includes maintenance of the highest environmental standards as one of the key elements to ensure that business activities do not have a negative impact on human rights in developing countries;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 b (new) — having regard to the special Report of the IPCC “The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate”;
Amendment 250 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Calls for increased Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development (PCSD) where climate protection policy and environmental dimensions are given the same importance as economic, social and governance dimensions of sustainable development across all stages of policy-making; insists on a coherent approach to the implementation of the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in both internal and external policies;
Amendment 251 #
8a. Stresses the need to raise awareness among young people in developing countries, and in particular the least developed countries, of the importance of their contribution to the development of their countries, especially by staying there and taking over from ageing generations of workers, including in the agricultural sector;
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls
Amendment 253 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for a common and coordinated international response led by the EU aimed at making progress in implementing mitigation strategies, and the
Amendment 254 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for a common and coordinated international response led by the EU aimed at making progress in the
Amendment 255 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for a common and coordinated international response led by the EU aimed at making progress in the implementation of recognition, protection and support measures for people who are compelled to move within and between countries in the context of disasters and the adverse effects of climate change; encourages the Union to analyse and adopt new approaches, considering examples of regulation at regional level such as the Kampala Convention, and to promote the incorporation of, inter alia, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement into the domestic laws of EU Member States and of third states through bilateral and regional agreements; stresses that it is essential, above all, to contribute to creating the necessary conditions for the return of internally displaced persons within their countries and regions of origin, rather than encouraging them to emigrate;
Amendment 256 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for a common and coordinated international response led by the EU aimed at making progress in the implementation of recognition, protection and support measures for people who are compelled to move within and between countries in the context of disasters and the adverse effects of climate change; encourages the Union to analyse and adopt new approaches, considering examples of regulation at the regional level such as the Kampala Convention, and to promote
Amendment 257 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for a common and coordinated international response led by the EU aimed at making progress in the implementation of recognition, protection and support measures for people who are compelled to move within and between countries in the context of disasters and the adverse effects of climate change, including slow-onset effects of climate change; encourages the Union to analyse and adopt new approaches, considering examples of
Amendment 258 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for a common and coordinated international response led by the EU aimed at making progress in the implementation of recognition, protection and support measures for people who are compelled to move within and between countries in the context of disasters and the adverse effects of climate change, including its slow onset effects; encourages the Union to analyse and adopt new approaches, considering examples of regulation at regional level such as the Kampala Convention, and to promote the incorporation of, inter alia, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement into the domestic laws of EU Member States and of third states through bilateral and regional agreements;
Amendment 259 #
9a. Calls on the Commission to consider proposing an amendment to Article 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection in order to recognise the possibility of granting subsidiary protection to persons who, while not qualifying for refugee status, would suffer serious harm if they were forced to return to countries where the impacts of climate change have seriously called the habitability of their homes into question, especially in cases of extreme droughts or floods; calls on the Commission to consider proposing an amendment to Article 2 of Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof, so as to include potential future situations of mass influxes of persons displaced for climate-related reasons as an explicit ground for the Council to issue a decision granting such persons temporary- protection status;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 c (new) — having regard to the Assembly of the United Nations resolution 71/312 “Our Ocean, our future: call for action”, especially its article 3;
Amendment 260 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Underlines the ruling of the UN Human Rights Committee of 20 January 2020 in the case of Teitiota v. New Zealand, which states that countries may not deport individuals facing climate- induced conditions that violate the right to life; calls on the Member States to consider the risk of violations of the right to life due to climate change as part of their return decisions, notably triggering non-refoulement obligations;
Amendment 261 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Calls on the EU and its Member States to develop and adopt, as part of the reform of the Union’s Migration and Asylum Policy, appropriate measures such as mobility schemes, skilling and reskilling, and preferential access for third-country workers coming from countries particularly affected by adverse impacts of climate change, including those working in the fossil fuel industry, extractive sectors and agriculture, as part of the European Green Deal, to enable them to contribute to the low-carbon transition across the global supply chain; the use of humanitarian visa and temporary protection for persons displaced by sudden-onset disasters; and long-term admission of persons coming from a country that is becoming or has become inhabitable due to climate change;
Amendment 262 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Calls on the Member States to create a formal Council configuration on gender equality, in order to give ministers and secretaries of state responsible for gender equality a dedicated forum for discussion, and to facilitate gender mainstreaming across all EU policies, including environment and development policy;
Amendment 263 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Calls on the European Commission and the Member States to work in close cooperation with grass-roots organisations and local communities to promote policies that enhance climate mitigation and adaptation strategies, thereby strengthening the resilience of affected people and communities in line with international frameworks;
Amendment 264 #
9a. Calls on the Commission to establish effective and sustainable return and readmission policies in the EU’s multilateral agreements, notably in the new ACP-EU partnership agreement;
Amendment 265 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Calls on the EU to encourage the IPCC to draft a special report on the issue of climate-induced displacement;
Amendment 266 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 b (new) Amendment 267 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 c (new) 9c. Recalls the EU’s commitment to follow a Rights-Based Approach (RBA) to development; urges, in line with this commitment, partner countries to adopt measures to effectively involve indigenous peoples in climate change adaptation and mitigation measures and to provide, to this effect, technical and financial assistance that directly reaches indigenous peoples to support self- government, territorial control and management; recalls, more broadly, that a rights-based approach should be operationalised and strictly applied and respected in all ODA funded projects, particularly regarding the rights of pastoralists and indigenous peoples, which implies providing i.e. effective complaint and redress mechanisms in case climate actions violate their rights;
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 d (new) 9d. Highlights that the IPCC report on “Climate Change and Land” calls for securing indigenous and community land rights to fight climate change; stresses that frameworks such as the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (VGGT) can help to provide legal certainty; urges, accordingly, the EU to make the effective implementation of these guidelines a pre-condition of investment in the remit of the European External Investment Plan; stresses that compliance with VGGT requires the existence of effective independent monitoring and enforcement, including affordable and culturally accessible grievance mechanisms through which indigenous peoples can address allegations of European corporate violation of their rights;
Amendment 269 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 e (new) 9e. Recalls that the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) calls upon its states parties to respect the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples as safeguards in implementing the REDD+ programme; calls on all states, particularly the EU and its Member States, to include indigenous peoples and rural communities in the decision-making process with regard to strategies for tackling climate change, which should also cover irreparable damage resulting from climate change forcing them to migrate and resulting in a double discrimination as environmentally displaced persons and indigenous peoples;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 d (new) — having regard to the report by the Secretary General of the United Nations Economic and Social Council “From global to local: supporting sustainable and resilient societies in urban and rural communities”;
Amendment 270 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 f (new) 9f. Recommends that EU Member States which have not yet done so ratify International Labour Organisation Convention 169 on Indigenous and tribal peoples; urges, in particular, the EU and its partner countries to recognise and protect indigenous peoples’ rights to customary ownership and control of their lands and natural resources as set out in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and in ILO Convention 169 and to comply with the principle of Free, Prior and Informed consent, i.e. by enabling collective registration of land use and by putting in place policies aimed at ensuring more equitable access to land;
Amendment 271 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 g (new) 9g. Regrets the serious shortcomings of the UN “Protect, Respect, Remedy” framework and the Guiding Principles on business and human rights with regard to both indigenous peoples’ rights and land rights; calls once again on the EU to engage constructively in the work of the UN Human Rights Council on an international legally binding instrument to regulate, in international human rights law, the activities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises, which should include specific standards for the protection of indigenous peoples;
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 h (new) 9h. Stresses the need to foster sustainable pastoralism in order to achieve the SDGs; encourages the EU and its Member States to support the African Governance Architecture (AGA), and in particular the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights, in order to implement the African Union Policy Framework on Pastoralism in Africa and, more broadly, to recognise pastoralists’ and indigenous peoples’ rights related to communal ownership of ancestral land, their right to freely dispose of their natural resources and their rights to culture and religion;
Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 i (new) 9i. Recalls that according to the IPCC Climate Change and Land report, the largest potential for reducing emissions from the land sector is from curbing deforestation and forest degradation; stresses that voluntary measures and certification schemes have largely failed to achieve significant results at a global level; calls on the private sector to be pro- active in the fight against deforestation and human rights violations embodied in their supply chains and investments, to fulfil without delay their zero deforestation commitments, and to ensure full transparency on the compliance with their commitments;
Amendment 274 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 j (new) 9j. Recalls that the EU, as both a major importer and exporter of agricultural commodities and food products, is an important driver of land use change abroad; recalls that approximately 80% of global deforestation is caused by the expansion of land used for agriculture; notes with deep concern that EU consumption represents around 10% of the global share of deforestation, through its high import dependency on agricultural commodities such as palm oil, meat, soy, cocoa, maize, timber and rubber;
Amendment 275 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 k (new) 9k. Reiterates its calls to adopt without delay a legislative act requiring companies to conduct mandatory due diligence throughout their entire supply chains to ensure that forest risk commodities placed on the Union market are sustainable, deforestation-free, and comply with human rights obligations, including the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities; stresses that such legislation should follow a cross- commodity approach, apply to all economic actors, including financial actors, both upstream and downstream the supply chain, and be accompanied by a robust enforcement mechanism, including effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties for non-compliance;
Amendment 276 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 l (new) 9l. Calls for the Union to strengthen its standards in terms of mandatory disclosure of information by undertakings related to the production or processing of forest risk commodities in the remit of the revision of Directive 2014/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and calls for the establishment of an alert mechanism for corporate imports from areas presenting a risk of deforestation;
Amendment 277 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 m (new) 9m. Recalls that the increasing EU demand of wood for materials, energy and bioeconomy exceeds the limits of EU supply, which therefore increases the risks of import-embodied deforestation, land grabbing, forced displacement and violation of indigenous peoples’ rights; reiterates that EU bioenergy policy should respond to strict environmental and social criteria, in compliance with ILO Convention No 169 and the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on the Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests and the Committee on Food Security´s Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems;
Amendment 278 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 n (new) 9n. Calls on the EU to integrate forest diplomacy into its climate policy, with the aim to encourage countries which process and/or import significant quantities of tropical timber to adopt effective legislation banning the importation of illegally harvested timber and requiring operators to conduct due diligence (similar to the EU Timber Regulation);
Amendment 279 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 o (new) 9o. Reiterates that the EU trade policy should be consistent with, and contribute to, its international environmental commitments; welcomes, in particular, the Commission’s commitment to make compliance with the Paris Agreement an “essential clause” of the EU trade agreements; calls, accordingly, on the Commission to: i. ensure that the impact of trade on the state of forests, natural ecosystems and human rights is systematically evaluated in the framework of sustainability impact assessments; ii. include ambitious forest-specific provisions and sustainability benchmarks for agricultural commodities in all Union trade and investment agreements, including provisions to guarantee Free, Prior and Informed consent of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities and the recognition of land tenure rights of forest-dependent communities and of indigenous people; iii. make these provisions binding and enforceable through an effective monitoring and sanctions mechanism.
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 e (new) — having regard to the special report of the IPCC “Global Warming of 1.5°C”;
Amendment 280 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 p (new) 9p. Stresses that several scientific studies show the interlinkages between biodiversity loss and the rise of pandemics, notably zoonotic diseases linked to climate change, deforestation, and damage to the livelihoods of forest dwellers´;
Amendment 281 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 q (new) 9q. Recalls that the transition to a green and digital economy has huge implications for the mining sector, which continues to grow in response to rising demand for minerals and metals and a proliferation in their use; reminds that there are growing concerns that mining will spread into sensitive forest landscapes, contributing to deforestation and forest degradation, thereby jeopardising the objective of protecting and restoring forests as a key leverage for mitigating global climate change; urges, against this background, the EU and its Member States to accelerate the transition towards a circular economy; calls, in addition, on the EU and its Member States to step up their efforts to foster responsible and sustainable mining practices, notably through the provision of financial, technical and capacity- building support to developing countries and by enabling stakeholders, including local and indigenous communities and women, to play an active role in minerals, metals and mining development throughout the life cycles;
Amendment 282 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 r (new) 9r. Calls for the EU to develop a region-wide framework for extractive industries which sanctions companies violating human rights and provides legal redress to indigenous peoples whose rights have been violated; stresses the need to ban mineral exploration and exploitation in all protected areas including national parks and World Heritage Sites;
Amendment 283 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 s (new) 9s. Highlights that the digital economy, accounts for an increasing share of global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (digital CO2 emissions are estimated to represent2-5% of the total emissions) and uses rare metals with low recyclability and limited accessible deposits, while increasing e- waste generation worldwide, poses challenges for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, notably regarding health and the environment; reasserts the need to shift patterns of production and consumption to combat climate change;
Amendment 284 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 t (new) 9t. Stresses the need for green global trade rules to face the climate change crisis; recalls that the objective of sustainable development should become the overriding principle guiding the work of the WTO, whose rules and operations should be designed accordingly, using the Agenda 2030 and Paris Agreement commitments as a minimum benchmark; calls, to this effect, among others for the revision of WTO fossil fuel subsidies, renewable energy subsidies as well as industrial subsidy rules, which should include waivers or peace clauses on climate-relevant products;
Amendment 285 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 u (new) 9u. Calls on the EU to take steps to re- launch discussions within the WTO on Process and Production Methods to enable products to be differentiated in terms of their carbon footprint, energy footprint or technological standards; takes the view such initiative should be accompanied by measures facilitating technology transfer both for climate adaptation and mitigation to accommodate the needs of developing countries;
Amendment 286 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 v (new) 9v. Recalls that WTO-TRIPS flexibilities could contribute significantly to the transfer of climate-friendly technologies; calls on the EU to take the lead in identifying barriers to the dissemination of technologies in developing countries to address climate change, and to strive to promote the adoption of a Declaration on “IPR and Climate Change” comparable to the Doha Declaration of 2001 on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, to foster the legal transfer of climate-friendly technologies in developing countries;
Amendment 287 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 w (new) 9w. Underlines that the ongoing rise of CO2 emissions related to transport and international trade undermines the effectiveness of the EU climate change strategy; takes the view that the climate costs of free trade agreements make for a strong case for shifting the path of export- led development strategy towards endogenous development based on local consumption and production in developing countries;
Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 x (new) 9x. Calls on the EU and its Member States not to systematically oppose local content clauses in the climate policies of their partners, as they may be useful in promoting the production and consumption of locally produced goods; recalls that trade rules should encourage the sustainable use of resources, and that export taxes on natural resources should accordingly not be prohibited in Economic Partnership Agreements as a general rule, given that they are WTO-compatible and can serve the objective of environmental protection (e.g. export of woods) and, more broadly, the sustainable use of resources;
Amendment 289 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 y (new) 9y. Expresses its support for the mechanism of Carbon border tax adjustments as an important tool to guarantee fair competition for companies taking action to reduce their climate impact;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the impacts of climate change include increases in the frequency and gravity of storms, floods, landslides, extreme heat waves, droughts, forest fires and other disasters, as well as slow-onset developments such as rising sea-levels, coastal erosion,
Amendment 290 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 z (new) 9z. Stresses that the environmental costs of international transport linked to trade should be fully reflected in its price; calls, to this effect, for the review of the Energy Taxation Directive to put an end to the unjust and environmentally damaging tax exemption currently applied to aviation and maritime fuels, and to deliver effective and fair carbon pricing for all sectors not covered by the EU ETS;
Amendment 291 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a a (new) 9aa. Recalls the EU’s commitments towards PCD and the “do no harm” principle; believes that TSD chapters in trade agreements should be one of the drivers of the external dimension of the European Green Deal; warns, against this background, that the Energy Charter Treaty is a major impediment to the achievements of climate goals; calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure that the presently ongoing reform of the Energy Charter Treaty will eliminate its potentially adverse effects on the European Green Deal;
Amendment 292 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a b (new) 9ab. Notes that while the FTA’s preliminary chapter on Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD) of the EU-Mercosur agreement makes reference to the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement, the chapter does not include legal enforcement mechanisms or the possibility of sanctions; stresses that the EU-Mercosur agreement should include binding and enforceable provisions to address climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss and the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities;
Amendment 293 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a c (new) 9ac. Stresses the need to develop mitigation and adaptation agricultural practises tailored to the needs of developing countries; reminds that most of the efforts in Low Income (LI) and Low Middle Income (LMI) countries shall target adaptation strategies;
Amendment 294 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a d (new) 9ad. Recalls that agroecology’s unique capacity to reconcile the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainability has been recognised by landmark reports by the IPCC and IPBES, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, the World Bank and FAO- led global agricultural assessment (IAASTD); takes the view that agroecology and family farming must be placed at the heart of climate mitigation and adaptation strategies in both EU and ACP countries;
Amendment 295 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a e (new) 9ae. Recalls that climate-friendly agriculture entails reducing dependence on fossil fuel energy, including the use of chemical pesticides and fertilisers; highlights that a recent Greenpeace investigation finds that more than 81,600 tonnes of agricultural chemicals banned in Europe, due to health and environmental concerns, were shipped to developing countries in 2018; urges the EU, against this background, to: i. be consistent with its commitment under the European Green Deal, notably the “Farm to Fork” strategy whereby it aims to gradually ban hazardous pesticides from agriculture and promote alternative practises; ii. respect the “do no harm” principle and to take action to prohibit imports and exports of banned pesticides;
Amendment 296 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a f (new) 9af. Urges the EU to be a frontrunner in implementing the Paris Agreement; stresses, to this end, the need to create a level playing field for sustainable agriculture at the global level, which entails abolishing distorting subsidies (e.g. synthetic fertilisers), and to internalise external costs of agricultural production; notes that the current Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has negative social, environmental and climate impacts on the agricultural systems of developing countries, thus threatening food security and climate resilience; calls for an ambitious reform of the CAP that takes into account the impacts of direct payments on farmers’ competitivity in developing countries;
Amendment 297 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a g (new) 9ag. Underlines that the disruptions triggered by COVID-19 have shone a spotlight on the vulnerabilities of the global food system, highlighting the big potential of short supply chains and of local initiatives that increase local food self-sufficiency to reduce vulnerability to disruptions on international markets and to mitigate climate change; stresses that short supply chains are a key component of agroecological systems; emphasises, therefore, the importance of rural transformation and strengthening local and regional value chains in order to create sustainable jobs, while mitigating climate change;
Amendment 298 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a h (new) 9ah. Underlines that agriculture adaptation strategies should include the reform of global agricultural trade rules, giving greater policy space for assuring national food sovereignty, while reflecting adequately the needs of smallholder farmers and rural communities; urges, in this regard, the Commission to develop a strategy to gradually shift away from trade-oriented agricultural policies toward local and regional markets;
Amendment 299 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a i (new) 9ai. Recalls that the UN Economic Commission for Africa has reported that close to 40% of children under 5 years of age in Africa are undernourished; notes with concern that the accumulation of debt, notably in Africa, has reinforced the trend of replacing a diversity of food crops with a limited number of cash crops for export (in order to obtain the foreign currencies needed to repay public debts), thereby supporting a production model that is not conductive to agroecology and a healthy diverse diet;
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 — having regard to the European Consensus on Development and the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular Goals 1, 5, 10, 11, 13 and
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the impacts of climate change include increases in the frequency and gravity of storms and hurricanes, floods, landslides, extreme heat waves, droughts, forest fires and other disasters, as well as slow-onset
Amendment 300 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a j (new) 9aj. Notes with concern that most agricultural development funding in sub- Saharan Africa still supports Green Revolution approaches, with the use of public finances to unlock private investment opportunities (e.g. PPPs, blended finance models) mostly targeting export commodity production and agropoles, and is increasingly conductive to food system industrialisation, while smallholders, and particularly women, struggle to access credit, and financial support for agroecological alternatives remains negligible; insists that EU funding for agriculture should be in line with the transformative nature of Agenda 2030, the Paris Climate Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity, and should prioritise, accordingly, investments in agroecology, agroforestry and crop diversification;
Amendment 301 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a k (new) 9ak. Recalls that sustainable management of marine ecosystems is crucial for climate mitigation strategies, which entails tackling inter alia overfishing, land-based pollution reaching the seas and oceans, marine pollution, and eutrophication; underlines that the business model of aquaculture, which now accounts for roughly half of all seafood consumed at a global scale, involves similar risks as industrial farming in terms of the ecosystem degradation and the outbreak of diseases; stresses that the catch of fish for production of animal feed contributes to overfishing in developing countries, most notably in West Africa;
Amendment 302 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a l (new) 9al. Stresses that the excessive fishing capacity within the framework of international fish trade has strong implications for the climate resilience of coastal communities and marine ecosystems in developing countries; calls on the European Commission to push for the integration of climate adaptation and mitigation goals in Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreements and in the governance of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations’ to which the EU is contracting party; calls for the EU to push for ambitious measures and financial resources to tackle the global issue of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and the trade of illegal seafood products;
Amendment 303 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a m (new) 9am. Recalls the critical role of small- scale fisheries in food security and nutrition, especially for those living in poverty; recalls that fish stock sustainability is a global matter; urges the EU and partner countries to adopt science-based, Maximum Sustainable Yield-based targets for the management of all stocks; to enforce effective monitoring, control and surveillance; to ensure that their supply chains are fully traceable and free from illegal fishing; and to prioritise an ecosystem-based approach to ocean governance;
Amendment 304 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a n (new) 9an. Emphasises that the IPCC Special report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate gives evidence of the benefits of combining scientific with local and indigenous knowledge to implement resilience; calls on the EU and partner countries to rely on indigenous know-how in their climate mitigation strategies and to actively promote participatory management, which has proved to be effective in increasing the resilience of coastal communities;
Amendment 305 #
9ao. Stresses that the resilience of coastal communities depending on fisheries relies on sustainable management of fish stocks and improved livelihoods;
Amendment 306 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a p (new) 9ap. Urges the EU to develop a human rights-based approach towards ocean governance aiming to support local economic development, and to secure food sovereignty and dignity for small-scale fishers and fishing communities; urges the EU, to this end, to provide financial and technical support, notably for SIDS and LDCs, in the development of the entire value chain in small-scale fisheries, including funding schemes for training, organisational capacity-building and infrastructure;
Amendment 307 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a q (new) 9aq. Highlights the importance of women in the seafood industry, including pre- and post-harvest activities; calls for the EU to promote and protect women in fisheries activities and fish-related industries, notably by ensuring greater participation of women in decision- making;
Amendment 308 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a r (new) 9ar. Urges the EU and its Member States to make the fight against environmental crime an overriding strategic political priority in international judicial cooperation and institutions and COPs, notably by promoting compliance with MEAs through the adoption of criminal sanctions and the exchange of best practises, and by promoting the enlargement of the scope of the International Criminal Court to cover criminal acts amounting to ecocide;
Amendment 309 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a s (new) 9as. Calls for the EU and its Member States to examine the case for granting nature legal personality, thereby strengthening the legal protection of the environment;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas developing countries are more exposed and whereas the poorest and already most vulnerable populations in these countries are even worse affected, because their dwellings tend to be located in areas more prone to flooding, landslides, drought, etc., because they lack the means to increase their resilience and because
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas developing countries
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas large-scale, uncontrolled urbanisation in some developing countries is also a risk factor in connection with climate change, particularly with regard to the building of makeshift housing without access to running water and in very poor sanitary conditions; is concerned in this regard that urbanisation on the African continent has accelerated, resulting in the need for four million additional dwellings annually in a context of strong demographic growth; stresses the need to encourage the maintenance, as far as possible, of traditional structures, such as those linked to family farming, through investment in agroecology and by promoting generational renewal among agricultural workers;
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas according to a recent study prepared by OXFAM and the Stockholm Environment Institute, the wealthiest 1% of the world’s population were responsible for the emission of more than twice as much carbon dioxide as the poorer half of the world from 1990 to 2015, while the richest 10% of the global population, were responsible for about 52% of global emissions.
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B (new) Bb. whereas the strong demographic growth in the least developed countries in particular is also a factor in vulnerability to climate change, particularly in view of the lack of economic opportunities for young people; is concerned in this regard by the situation in the Sahel, where the demographic transition has not yet started, since the synthetic fertility index is between 4.1 and 7.6 children per woman, depending on the country; stresses that it is up to the countries concerned to step up their efforts to control this high birth rate, taking into account the underlying cultural and religious causes, in particular the persistence of early marriage;
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas poverty and inequality are both a cause and an effect of vulnerability and related displacement; whereas reducing poverty and inequality is therefore intrinsically linked with climate action and must more clearly guide the EU’s development policy, with support from other EU policies affecting developing countries, as stipulated by Article 208 of the TFEU;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas poverty and inequality are both a cause and an effect of vulnerability; whereas reducing poverty and inequality
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas poverty and inequality are both a cause and an effect of vulnerability; whereas reducing poverty and inequality
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 — having regard to the European Consensus on Development and the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular Goals 1, 10, 11, 13 and 1
Amendment 40 #
Ca. whereas according to a recent study by the International Organization for Migration, Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs) and Small-Island Developing States (SIDS) – which are collectively home to about 1.1 billion people – are among the most vulnerable groups of countries in the world, and are disproportionately affected by the negative impacts of climate change owing to structural constraints and geographical disadvantages;
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas vulnerability to the impacts of climate change is also both a cause and an effect of conflicts and whereas addressing this vulnerability is hugely important for conflict prevention; stresses the importance of helping developing and least developed countries to develop the resources and means needed to cope with climate change, including water resource management and forecasting and anticipating weather events, as well as health monitoring;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) Da. whereas a number of specific measures can be implemented to enhance adaptation to climate change, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, in particular the diversification of farmers’ crops and activities and the transition to more drought-resistant crops, and whereas it is in particular essential to help the countries concerned develop the means to forecast and anticipate weather events and natural disasters; deplores, in particular, the fact that the health and humanitarian disaster caused by the locust invasion in the Horn of Africa and East Africa, where 42 million people were at risk of severe food insecurity according to the FAO in April 2020, could have been mitigated by appropriate and far less costly monitoring and prevention measures;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) Da. whereas there are other environmental factors not directly linked to climate change, but linked to human- made environmental changes such as land degradation or marine and coastal ecosystem degradation, land and water grabbing, as well as environmental disasters and pollution caused by wars, which also act as risk-multipliers and migration drivers, notably in relation to vulnerable populations that are highly dependent on agriculture and local natural resources;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) Da. whereas the impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations can exacerbate migratory flows to EU Member States; whereas people who are forced to flee their countries due to the effects of climate change are currently not entitled to apply for asylum, subsidiary protection or temporary protection;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) Da. whereas climate change is more than just one of the 17 SDGs specified in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as it is a threat multiplier with the potential to worsen some of humanity’s greatest challenges, including health, poverty and hunger;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas the adverse effects of climate change will often reverse development progress, in particular when they lead to disasters and crises, and related displacement becomes protracted; whereas the basic principles of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development include leaving no one behind and addressing the needs of those furthest behind first; whereas a comprehensive strategy is needed for implementing this in the EU’s climate-
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas the basic principles of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development include leaving no one behind and addressing the needs of those furthest behind first
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) Ea. whereas the shift to a low-carbon future that includes clean technology such as solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicles and batteries will require a lot of minerals, the extraction of which may finance armed conflict, lead to forced labour, and generate deforestation and land grabbing;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas poverty and inequality should be understood in a wide sense that includes deprivation of access to vital resources of all kinds, in particular safe, clean water, as over 40% of the global population does not have access to sufficient clean water, and developing countries are most affected by water shortages and poor water quality, as well as discrimination, which reduces possible life choices and adaptation capabilities; whereas women, children, elderly people, persons with disabilities
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 — having regard to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Paris Agreement of 2015, the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (WIM) of 2013 and the recommendations by its Task Force on Displacement welcomed by the Conference of the Parties at its 24th Session (COP24), the Global Compact for Migration of 2018, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction of 2015
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas poverty and inequality should be understood in a wide sense that includes deprivation of access to vital resources of all kinds, as well as discrimination, which reduces possible life choices and adaptation capabilities; whereas women, children, elderly people, persons with disabilities and indigenous people are often subject to discrimination, or in any case have specific needs which should be met;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas poverty and inequality should be understood in a wide sense that includes deprivation of access to vital resources of all kinds, and access to education, as well as discrimination, which reduces possible life choices and adaptation capabilities; whereas women, children, elderly people, persons with disabilities
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas poverty and inequality should be understood in a wide sense that includes deprivation of access to vital resources of all kinds, as well as discrimination, which reduces possible life choices and adaptation capabilities; whereas women, children, elderly people, persons with disabilities, national minorities and indigenous people are often subject to discrimination;
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) Fa. whereas 80 % of forests worldwide constitute traditional lands and territories of indigenous peoples; whereas indigenous peoples play a vital role for sustainable management of natural resources and conservation of biodiversity;
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F b (new) Fb. whereas indigenous reservations constitute an important barrier against deforestation; whereas the tropical forests inhabited by indigenous peoples and local communities contribute to storing carbon across the tropical forest biome, making them valuable in any strategy to address climate change;
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F c (new) Fc. whereas indigenous peoples remain among the poorest of the poor and are disproportionately vulnerable to climate change, as they strongly dependent on lands and natural resources and ecosystems for their basic needs and livelihoods; whereas at the same time, a growing body of research suggests that indigenous peoples have a long record of adapting to climate variability, drawing on their traditional knowledge, which enhances their resilience;
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F d (new) Fd. whereas the Special rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples indicated, in her 2017 report, to have received an increasing number of allegations concerning situations where climate change mitigation projects have negatively affected the rights of indigenous peoples, notably renewable energy projects such as biofuel production and the construction of hydroelectric dams;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F e (new) Fe. whereas the lack of recognition of indigenous peoples’ and communities’ customary land rights generates risks of land grabbing, thereby jeopardising their livelihoods and their ability to respond to climate change or biodiversity loss;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F f (new) Ff. whereas in its Special Report on Climate Change and Land (2019), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recognises the importance of securing community land for climate change;
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F g (new) Fg. whereas the UN Special Rapporteur on indigenous peoples has identified the extractive industries as a main source of conflict and violence on indigenous peoples’ territories;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 — having regard to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Paris Agreement of 2015, the Copenhagen Accord of 2009, the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (WIM) of 2013 and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction of 2015,
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F h (new) Fh. whereas the destruction of wildlife habitats, such as forests, facilitates the spread of viruses; whereas the FAO confirms that the increase in emerging infectious diseases coincides with the accelerated growth of tropical deforestation, linked in particular to the cultivation of oil palm or soybean;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F i (new) Fi. whereas climate change is having a serious impact on the global ocean (acidification; more intense, longer and frequent marine heatwaves, destruction of coral reefs, etc.); whereas in a business- as-usual scenario, climate change is expected to reduce fish biomass by 30 to 40% in some tropical regions by 2100; whereas countries in these zones are highly dependent on fisheries, but lack social and financial resources to adapt and prepare for the future;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F j (new) Fj. whereas climate change has growing impacts on fish populations in developing countries, thus having implications in the short and medium run for the livelihood of coastal communities who lack social and financial resources to adapt and prepare for the future;
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F k (new) Fk. whereas small-scale fisheries in developing countries are the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, although they are by far the ocean’s largest employer;
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F l (new) Fl. whereas the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate provides equally evidence of the benefits of combining scientific with local and indigenous knowledge to enforce resilience;
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas women suffer disproportionately from the impacts of climate change, owing not least to the
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas women suffer disproportionately from the impacts of climate change, owing not least to the agricultural tasks they carry out but also to the discrimination they suffer in terms of access to land and services, participation in decision-making and respect when embarking on activities traditionally dominated by men; whereas women are also strongly over-represented among people displaced for reasons related to
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas women suffer disproportionately from the impacts of climate change, owing not least to the agricultural tasks they carry out but also to the discrimination they suffer in terms of access to land and services, access to education and vocational training, participation in decision-making and respect when embarking on activities traditionally dominated by men; whereas women and children are also strongly over-represented among people displaced for reasons related to climate change;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas women suffer disproportionately from the impacts of climate change, owing not least to the agricultural tasks they carry out but also to the discrimination they suffer in terms of access to land and services, participation in decision-making and respect when embarking on activities traditionally dominated by men; whereas women and children are also strongly over-represented among people displaced for reasons related to climate change;
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas women suffer disproportionately from the impacts of climate change, owing not least to the agricultural tasks they carry out but also to the discrimination they suffer in terms of access to land and services, participation in decision-making and respect when embarking on activities traditionally dominated by men; whereas women are also strongly over-represented among the victims of natural disasters and people displaced for reasons related to climate change;
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 a (new) — having regard to the FAO report “The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018: Building climate resilience for food security and nutrition”;
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas women suffer disproportionately from the impacts of climate change, owing not least to the agricultural tasks they carry out but also to the discrimination they suffer in terms of access to land and services, participation in decision-making and respect when embarking on activities traditionally dominated by men; whereas women
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) Ga. whereas, according to Unicef, in 2015, ‘more than half a billion children live in areas with extremely high flood occurrence and 160 million in high drought severity zones’; whereas, as a result, climate change is likely to have a significant impact on children, who are more vulnerable to disease, including vector-borne diseases such as malaria, whose prevalence is likely to increase as a result of climate change; and whereas the resources deployed against COVID-19 in Africa have, as an inadvertent consequence, disrupted certain essential child vaccination programmes, even though Africa has been relatively spared by COVID-19;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) Ga. stresses that women and girls are powerful agents of change in particular for climate action and calls for EU development programmes to promote the meaningful participation and empowerment of women and their organisations at all levels and at all stages of policy design, planning, financing, implementation monitoring and evaluation, as their inclusion is crucial to improve climate mitigation as well as resilience policy interventions and fair allocation of resources in order to tackle the obstacles that affect them disproportionately and to ensure long- term sustainable climate solutions; stresses in this regard the need to support capacity building and women’s role as educators and promoters of change and ensure adequate financing for these organisations;
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) Ga. whereas indigenous peoples are often seen only as victims of climate change as opposed to as persons able to conserve the environment by playing a key role in the fight against climate change; whereas indigenous peoples have to resist the occupation and deforestation of land they have lived on for centuries, as well as incursions on their territory for the extraction of fossil fuels; whereas indigenous populations are often excluded from decision-making procedures on how to adapt to, and mitigate, climate change;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) Ga. whereas the COVID-19 crisis illustrates the close link between human health and the health of our ecosystems; whereas the role of women in implementing the One Health approach in environmental policies and climate action should be further recognised and promoted;
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) Ga. whereas the UN Global Compact on Migration identifies climate change and environmental degradation as a driver of population displacement;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G b (new) Gb. whereas, according to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), 73 million children aged 5-17 are engaged in dangerous work within the meaning of Convention No. 182 of the ILO in various sectors from agriculture to construction; whereas 22 000 children die at work every year according to the ILO; whereas working conditions will deteriorate in sectors affected by dangerous child labour as a result of the geographical location and nature of the activities concerned, which are often carried out in the open air; and whereas it is therefore important that the countries concerned step up their efforts to eradicate child labour, in particular the worst forms of child labour, within the meaning of the above- mentioned Convention;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the COVID-19 pandemic drastically increases vulnerabilities in developing countries both through its direct impact on public health and through its many deepening economic and social effects; whereas both the pandemic and climate change are eroding public finances while at the same time increasing financing needs, including
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the COVID-19 pandemic drastically increases vulnerabilities in developing countries both through its direct impact on public health and through its many deepening economic effects; whereas both the pandemic and climate change are eroding public finances while at the same time increasing financing needs, including for social protection and services, and disrupting public health services and programmes, particularly those targeting children;
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the COVID-19 pandemic drastically increases vulnerabilities in developing countries both through its direct impact on public health and through its many deepening economic effects such as increasing inequalities, poverty , hunger and food insecurity; whereas both the pandemic and climate change are
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 a (new) — having regard to the UN Global Compact on Migration of December 2018,
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the COVID-19 pandemic drastically increases vulnerabilities in developing countries both through its direct impact on public health and through its many deepening economic
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the COVID-19 pandemic drastically increases vulnerabilities in developing countries both through its direct impact on public health and
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas, however, Africa has resisted the COVID-19 pandemic well, with 1 420 664 cases recorded in 55 African countries and 34 323 deaths as at the end of September 2020, and whereas initial forecasts were therefore incorrect;
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) Hb. whereas the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the capacity of the African continent and national health systems to cope with the health emergency, as some equipment has even been produced on the continent, and whereas in future priority should be given to reliance on the national health systems of these countries in the event of a health emergency, while ensuring transparent management of any funds provided;
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the governments of developing countries must lead efforts to reduce vulnerabilities, increase resilience and their adaptability and strengthen support capacities, but the EU, its Member States and other developed and emerging countries must
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the governments of developing countries must lead efforts to reduce vulnerabilities, increase resilience and strengthen support capacities
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the governments of developing countries must lead efforts to reduce vulnerabilities, increase resilience and strengthen support capacities, but countries being primary responsible for the increase of global greenhouse gas emissions, and the EU, its Member States and other developed and emerging countries must radically scale up their actions in line with their commitments, given that the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that are causing climate change were emitted almost exclusively by them, their emissions remain totally dominant, they possess badly needed resources for effective climate action, and they have made important commitments in this respect; whereas, for all these reasons, the EU, its Member States and other developed
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the governments of developing countries must lead efforts to reduce vulnerabilities, increase resilience and strengthen support capacities, but the EU, its Member States and other developed and emerging countries must radically scale up their actions, given that the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that are causing climate change were emitted almost exclusively by them, their emissions remain totally dominant, they possess badly needed resources for effective climate action, and they have made important commitments in this respect; whereas, for all these reasons, the EU, its Member States and other developed and emerging countries have a moral obligation to do much more, in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the governments of developing countries must lead efforts to reduce vulnerabilities, increase resilience and strengthen support capacities, but the EU, its Member States and other developed and emerging countries must radically scale up their actions, given that
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the governments of developing countries must lead efforts to reduce vulnerabilities, increase resilience and strengthen support capacities, but the EU, its Member States and other developed and emerging countries must
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 a (new) – having regard to the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration,
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I a (new) Ia. whereas a territorial approach and concrete actions should be encouraged to ensure a tailor-made approach; whereas a partnership between all spheres of government (from the local to national and international) must be encouraged, through the involvement of the local population, civil society organisations, the private sector, and academia;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I a (new) Ia. whereas the European Commission plans to submit the EU’s new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC by the end of 2020 and plans to set out the legislative proposals needed to implement the new target by June 2021, both as agreed by the European Parliament and the European Council;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas developing countries’ payments on their debts drain their capacities to deal with the climate and other crises and to support their most vulnerable populations; whereas international efforts to prevent debt distress and enable orderly debt workout must therefore be intensified, provided in particular that this effort is general and does not concern the EU alone, since China holds about one-third of the total debt of the African continent;
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas developing countries’ poor budgetary discipline and payments on their debts
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K K. whereas, according to an OECD report, ‘in 2019, Official Development Assistance (ODA) from member countries of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) amounted to USD 152.8 billion, or 0.30% of their combined GNI’, and whereas ‘total ODA in 2019 rose by 1.4% in real terms compared to 2018’, but whereas international financing of climate action in developing countries
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K K. whereas international financing of climate action in developing countries remains
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K a (new) Ka. whereas knowledge and technology transfer should facilitate the transition of developing countries to a green economy, by considering the economic and social impacts of the change, and by preserving competitiveness of developing economies on the global stage;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K a (new) Ka. whereas Africa primarily needs investments in climate crisis adaptation, while the European Commission’s Communication “Towards a comprehensive Strategy with Africa” of 9 March 2020 focuses on climate change mitigation;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K a (new) Ka. whereas the European Commission targets to reach Union climate neutrality by 2050; whereas the EU in this effort is a global leading role model for reaching climate neutrality;
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas adaptation action should mainly focus on the most vulnerable and should include increasing the resilience of their dwellings, and the infrastructure they depend on, to extreme weather events, improving their food and water security, helping subsistence farmers and fishermen to adapt their agricultural and fishing methods to changes in rainfall and temperature patterns, helping them to face up the irreversible deterioration of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and the ensuing consequences for their food and economic security and helping poor people in increasingly uninhabitable areas to re- settle; whereas these adaptation actions should encourage environmentally friendly and nature-based solutions;
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