2020/2256(INI) State of EU cyber defence capabilities
Lead committee dossier:
Progress: Procedure completed
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | AFET |
PAET Urmas ( Renew)
|
JUKNEVIČIENĖ Rasa ( EPP),
OLEKAS Juozas ( S&D),
GREGOROVÁ Markéta ( Verts/ALE),
BONFRISCO Anna ( ID),
KANKO Assita ( ECR),
WALLACE Mick ( GUE/NGL)
|
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54
Legal Basis:
RoP 54Subjects
Events
2021/10/07
EP - Decision by Parliament
Details
The European Parliament adopted by 591 votes to 65, with 26 abstentions, a resolution on the state of EU cyber defence capabilities.
State of EU cyber defence capabilities
Members stressed that a common cyber defence policy and increased cooperation at EU level aimed at developing common and improved cyber defence capabilities are essential elements in building a stronger European Defence Union. The borderless nature of cyber space, as well as the substantial number and increasing complexity of cyberattacks, require a coordinated Union-level response , including common Member State support capabilities and Member State support for measures in the EU’s cyber diplomacy toolbox.
Parliament called on the EEAS and the Commission, in cooperation with the Member States, to further develop a comprehensive set of measures and a coherent policy on cyber security to enhance resilience, but also coordination on cyber defence.
It called for enhanced cooperation with the EU’s civilian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-EU) to protect networks used by all EU institutions, bodies and agencies.
Noting the 2018 Cyber Defence Policy Framework’s (CDPF) objective to setup an EU Military CERT-Network, Members called on the Member States to significantly increase classified information sharing capacities in order to facilitate information sharing where needed and useful, and to develop a European rapid and secure network to detect, asses and counter cyberattacks. They underlined the need to invest in cyber defence and cyber capabilities to strengthen the resilience and strategic capabilities of the Union and its Member States.
Strategic vision - Achieving cyber defence resilience
Parliament stressed that it was essential to overcome the current fragmentation and complexity of the overall cyber architecture within the EU and to define a common vision on how to ensure security and stability in cyberspace. It called for the creation of a joint cyber security unit to enhance cooperation and address the lack of information sharing between EU institutions, bodies and agencies.
Given that cyber defence capabilities often have a dual (civilian and military) dimension, Members recalled that technological innovation was mainly driven by private companies and that, therefore, cooperation with the private sector and civilian stakeholders should be strengthened.
Parliament also noted that, unlike other military fields, the infrastructure used to ‘create’ cyberspace is mainly in the hands of commercial entities established mostly outside the EU, which leads to industrial and technological dependence on third parties. The EU should therefore strengthen its technological sovereignty and stimulate innovation by investing in the ethical use of new security and defence technologies, such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing.
To overcome paralysis in the face of hybrid threats, Members considered that the EU should seek a legal solution that would provide for a right to collective defence and allow for the adoption of collective countermeasures by EU Member States on a voluntary basis.
Strengthening partnerships and the EU's role in the international context
In view of the systematically aggressive behaviour of China, Russia and North Korea in cyberspace and the numerous cyber-attacks against public institutions and private companies, Members believe that the EU and NATO should coordinate in areas where hostile actors threaten Euro-Atlantic security interests.
In particular, Members recommended:
- closer cooperation between the EU and NATO , especially on cyber defence interoperability requirements;
- better coordination on cyber defence between Member States, EU institutions, NATO Allies, the United Nations and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). In this context, they encouraged the further promotion of OSCE confidence-building measures in cyberspace;
- the development of a strong cyber partnership with the United Kingdom, which is at the forefront of the cyber defence arsenal. The Commission is invited to explore the possibility of re-launching a process aimed at establishing a formal and structured framework for future co-operation in this field.
All Member States and the EU are invited to play a leading role in discussions and initiatives under the auspices of the United Nations, including by proposing an action plan, and promoting responsible state behaviour in cyberspace.
Documents
2021/10/05
EP - Debate in Parliament
Documents
2021/07/16
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading
Documents
2021/07/16
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Documents
2021/07/01
EP - Vote in committee
2021/04/28
EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2021/03/22
EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2020/12/17
EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2020/11/03
EP - PAET Urmas (Renew) appointed as rapporteur in AFET
Documents
- Decision by Parliament: T9-0412/2021
- Debate in Parliament: Debate in Parliament
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading: A9-0234/2021
- Committee report tabled for plenary: A9-0234/2021
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE691.415
- Committee draft report: PE689.479
- Committee draft report: PE689.479
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE691.415
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading: A9-0234/2021
Activities
- Deirdre CLUNE
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Heidi HAUTALA
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Maite PAGAZAURTUNDÚA
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Juozas OLEKAS
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Marina KALJURAND
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Mislav KOLAKUŠIĆ
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Maximilian KRAH
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Manu PINEDA
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Jérôme RIVIÈRE
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Anna BONFRISCO
Plenary Speeches (1)
Votes
État des capacités de cyberdéfense de l’Union - State of EU cyber defence capabilities - Stand der Fähigkeiten der EU im Bereich der Cyberabwehr - A9-0234/2021 - Urmas Paet - Après le considérant I - Am 1 #
2021/10/06 Outcome: +: 564, -: 71, 0: 53
PPE
NI
The LeftA9-0234/2021 - Urmas Paet - Considérant N - Am 2 #
2021/10/06 Outcome: +: 556, -: 73, 0: 56
État des capacités de cyberdéfense de l’Union - State of EU cyber defence capabilities - Stand der Fähigkeiten der EU im Bereich der Cyberabwehr - A9-0234/2021 - Urmas Paet - Proposition de résolution (ensemble du texte) #
2021/10/06 Outcome: +: 591, -: 65, 0: 26
| Amendments | Dossier |
| 257 |
2020/2256(INI)
2021/04/28
AFET
257 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 11 a (new) — having regard to the Council conclusions of 22 March 2021on the EU's Cybersecurity Strategy for the Digital Decade,
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Recital -A (new) -A. whereas the European Union is committed to the application of existing international law in cyberspace, in particular the UN Charter which calls on states to settle international disputes by peaceful means and to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations”;
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Notes that the European Defence Fund (EDF),
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Notes that the European Defence Fund (EDF), will also support strengthening resilience, and improve preparedness, responsiveness and cooperation in the cyber domain;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Stresses that EU capability to develop cyber defence projects depends on control of technologies, equipment, services, data and data processing and has to rely on a trusted sectoral stakeholder base;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Welcomes the progress achieved by the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO)
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Welcomes the progress achieved by the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) Cyber Rapid Response Teams and Mutual Assistance in Cyber Security (CRRTs) project led by Lithuania and encourages the active participation of all other EU Member States; recalls that PESCO offers excellent ways to speed up cyber security initiatives, such as through the Cyber Threats and Incident Response Information Sharing Platform and Cyber and Information Domain Coordination Centre;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Welcomes the
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Welcomes the progress achieved by the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) Cyber Rapid Response Team; recalls that PESCO offers excellent ways to develop cyber defence capabilities and to speed up cyber security initiatives, such as through the Cyber Threats and Incident Response Information Sharing Platform and Cyber and Information Domain Coordination Centre and to increase interoperability between Member States;
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Welcomes the progress achieved by the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) Cyber Rapid Response Team; recalls that the EDF as well as PESCO offer
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Recalls that the successful implementation of EU missions and operations is increasingly dependent on uninterrupted access to a secure cyberspace, and thus requires robust and resilient cyber operational capabilities, as well as adequate responses to attacks against military installations, missions and operations;
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Welcomes the Council’s Decision of 5 November 2020, allowing third countries (non-EU Member States) to join PESCO projects given that they can add value and meet political, substantive and legal conditions; invites EU Member States and non-EU Member States to participate in PESCO cyber related projects;
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the EU and its Member States must further
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Stresses that cyber defence is considered an operational task for all CSDP missions, and that cyber resilience and related capabilities must be established, tested and deployed prior to the start of CSDP planning processes;
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Welcomes the new Quantum Technologies Flagship; notes that the Union must do further action regarding quantum computing as other countries are predominant on this concern;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Emphasises that in line with the Civilian CSDP Compact, civilian CSDP must be cyber resilient and support third countries
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Emphasises that in line with the Civilian CSDP Compact, civilian CSDP missions must be cyber resilient and support
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Welcomes the Council’s June 2019 framework, which allows targeted restrictive measures to deter and respond to cyber-attacks that constitute a threat to the EU or its Member States, including cyber- attacks against third countries or international organisations; welcomes the imposition of such restrictive measures in July 2020 and October 2020 as a credible step in strengthening the EU’s cyber diplomacy toolbox; notes the prevailing lack of legal norms to contain cyber- attacks by state and non-state actors, and calls for further development and strict enforcement of a system of proportionate punishments;
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Welcomes the Council’s June 2019 framework, which allows targeted restrictive measures to deter and respond to cyber-attacks that constitute a threat to the EU or its Member States, including cyber- attacks against third countries or international organisations; welcomes the
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Welcomes the Council
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Welcomes the Council’s June 2019 framework, which allows targeted restrictive measures to deter and respond to cyber-attacks that constitute a threat to the EU or its Member States, including cyber- attacks against third countries or international organisations; welcomes the imposition of such restrictive measures in July 2020 and October 2020 as a credible step in
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Welcomes the Council’s June 2019 framework, which allows targeted restrictive measures to deter and respond to cyber-attacks that constitute a threat to the EU or its Member States, including cyber- attacks against third countries or international organisations; welcomes the imposition of such restrictive measures in July 2020 and October 2020 as a credible step in
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Notes the imposition of restrictive measures in July 2020 and October 2020 as a credible step in strengthening the EU’s cyber diplomacy toolbox, while respecting the European vision for the internet, which is one of a single, open, neutral, free, secure and un-fragmented network;
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the EU and its Member States must further strengthen cyber resilience and develop common and robust cyber security and defence capabilities and cooperation in order to respond to lasting security challenges;
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Recognises that machine-learning systems can use sensor data, entire technical libraries and advanced models to accurately predict and prevent equipment failure and should thus be integrated into our procurement plans;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Welcomes the plans to establish EU cyber intelligence working group within EU intelligence and Situation Centre (INTCEN) to advance strategic intelligence cooperation on cyber threats;
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 b (new) 11 b. Recommends an audit be taken by the EU to better understand what European forces need, where the key shortfalls are found and the level of resource-waste caused by redundant fixed assets and duplication of effort;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 c (new) 11 c. Reminds that the European Union discussed in the International Summit held in June 2020 with China, about global challenges such as the raising issues in cybersecurity and disinformation;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12.
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Welcomes the work led by ENISA involving the Member States and interested stakeholders to provide the EU with certification schemes for ICT products, services and processes in order to raise the overall level of cybersecurity within the digital single market; stresses the EU’s pivotal pioneering role in developing standards that shape the cybersecurity landscape, contribute to fair competition within the EU and on the global stage, and react to extraterritorial measures and security risks from third countries; also acknowledges the important role of ENISA in supporting research initiatives and other forms of co-operation aimed at enhancing cybersecurity;
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Underlines the importance of investments in cyber-defence and cybersecurity capabilities with the aim to enhance EU’s and its Member States' resilience and strategic capacities, highlights in this regard the importance of Digital Europe Programme and Horizon Europe, especially its Civil Security for Society’cluster; notes the significance of relevant financial instruments available within the 2021- 2027 Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) as well as in the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF);
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Welcomes the progress made by some EU Members States in establishing cyber commands within their military;
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 b (new) 12 b. Notes that the number of cyber- attacks has significantly increased during the Covid-19 pandemic and welcomes that the Recovery Plan for Europe foresees additional investments in cybersecurity;
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13.
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas in recent years, we have seen continuous growth in malicious cyber operations
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13.
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Notes that the Strategic Compass will enhance and guide the implementation of the EU’s level of ambition in security and defence, and translate that ambition into capability needs, including in cyber defence, thereby increasing the ability of the EU and Member States to detect, attribute, prevent, discourage, deter, respond to and recover from malicious cyber activities by strengthening its posture, situational awareness, legal and ethical framework, tools, procedures and partnerships;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Notes that the Strategic Compass will enhance and guide the implementation of the EU’s level of ambition in security and defence, and translate that ambition into capability needs, including in cyber defence as a priority item, thereby increasing the ability of the EU and Member States to prevent, discourage, deter, respond to and recover from malicious cyber activities by strengthening its posture, situational awareness, tools, procedures and partnerships;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13 a. Calls on all Member States to ensure coherence and focus on cyber capability, developing a strategic common approach to priorities; calls on fostering research, innovation and the exchange of expertise, in order to guarantee the full potential of PESCO and EDF;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Insists that the Strategic Compass should deepen the strategic culture in the cyber domain and remove any duplication of capabilities and mandates; stresses that it is essential to overcome the current fragmentation and complexity of the overall cyber architecture within the EU and to develop a common vision on how to achieve security and stability in cyberspace;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Insists that the Strategic Compass, should
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Insists that
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14 a. Recalls the importance of the EU cyber deterrence stance and the related issue of attribution to cyber-attacks as one of the key tools for strengthening EU and Member States' capabilities to deter and respond to malicious behavior in cyberspace; calls on the Council to use the EU’s cyber diplomacy toolbox, including restrictive measures, more often and in a coherent way; invites to consider joint public attribution of malicious cyber activities, including the option to create cyber-behavior reports under the auspices of the EEAS for specific actors to summarize state sponsored malicious cyber activities against Member States at EU-level; underlines the need to strengthen the European Union Intelligence and Situation Centre (EU INTCEN) capabilities to analyse and asses Member States information and intelligence on malicious cyber activities and incidents;
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14 a. Underlines that the European Union could take further action in the cyber security challenges and address new cyber defence capabilities if starts a cooperation with third countries or third partners;
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 b (new) 14 b. Considers that Member States should consider isolating part of their 2%- 20% defence spending obligations to include a dedicated minimum expenditure towards research and development within their defence budgets;
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas in recent years, we have seen continuous growth in cyber operations conducted by state and non-state actors; whereas during the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU and its Member States have observed cyber threats and malicious cyber activities targeting essential operators in Member States and their international partners, including in the health care sector;
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 c (new) Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 d (new) 14 d. Recommends Member States and EU’s various defence agencies implement, as a matter of urgency, the prioritization of developments in new technologies, specifically AI, machine learning, military application of nano and bio-technologies and developing counter weights to the threats posed by CBRN weapons and new missile technologies;
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 e (new) 14 e. Recommends the establishment of a Current Assets Framework be established that would purposively focus on the more efficient use of existing assets and capabilities;
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 f (new) 14 f. Establish a Future Requirements Framework that identified the operational capabilities that Member States need and how best to obtain them by 2030;
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 g (new) 14 g. Highlights the role AI can play in providing advanced training and pre- deployment unit-level preparation for EU or NATO-led forces during peacetime to ensure a rapid yet smooth transition into conducting operations;
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 h (new) 14 h. Encourages developing a set of common EU AI capabilities matched to a Member State’s operating concepts to bridge technical gaps to ensure that Member States lacking the relevant technology–industry expertise or the ability to implement AI systems in their defence ministries are not left behind;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over the lack of resources and staff at the EU level, thereby stresses the need to increase both; urges the VP/HR and/or the Member States to increase financial and cyber defence personnel resources
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the EU level; notes that the EU lags far behind the US in investing in cyber-defence, which hinders the ambition of creating the most secure digital environment; urges the VP/HR and/or the Member States to increase financial and personnel resources, in particular experts in cyberforensics; calls for further funding for CERT-EU and the creation of an EU security operations centre;
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the EU level; urges the VP/HR and/or the Member States to
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas in recent years, we have seen continuous growth in cyber operations conducted by state and non-state actors that have revealed vulnerabilities in networks essential to European security; whereas these attacks make it a matter of priority to step up defence capacity and develop European offensive and defensive capabilities;
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the EU level; urges the VP/HR and/or the Member States to significantly increase financial and personnel resources, in particular experts in cyberforensics; calls for further funding for CERT-EU and
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the EU level; urges the VP/HR and/or the Member States to increase financial and personnel resources, in particular experts in cyberforensics; calls for further funding for CERT-EU and EDF and the creation of an EU security operations centre;
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the EU level; urges the VP/HR and/or the Member States to increase financial and personnel resources, in particular experts in cyberforensics; calls for further funding for CERT-EU, INTCEN and the creation of an EU security operations centre;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15 a. Notes the important training work undertaken by the European Security and Defence College in the cyber defence field, and welcomes in this respect the establishment of the Cyber Education, Training, Evaluation and Exercise (ETEE) Platform, aiming at addressing cyber security and defence training among the civilian and military personnel as well as establishing the necessary harmonization and standardization in cyber related training; stresses that ESDC should benefit from structural Union funding to be able to enhance its contribution to foster the EU cyber defence skills, especially given the increased need for top level cyber experts;
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15a. Calls for measures to strengthen operational cooperation between Member States, particularly in the event of cyber security crises and incidents;
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 b (new) 15 b. Underlines the need for EU cyber defence policies to incorporate gender considerations and to be ambitious in filling the gender gap among cyber defence professionals, notably through active gender-inclusive policies and tailored training programmes for women;
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Recalls that cyber defence has both military and civilian dimensions; stresses the need to first analyse and discuss problems of cooperation, coordination, but also gaps as regards human and technical resources both at national and EU level; calls on the VP/HR, therefore, to develop an integrated policy approach and close cooperation between the Military CERT-
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Recalls that cyber defence
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Recalls that cyber defence has both military and civilian dimensions; calls on the VP/HR, therefore, to develop an integrated policy approach and close cooperation between the
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas in recent years, we have seen continuous growth in cyber operations conducted by state and non-state actors; ; whereas offensive cyber actors are growing in diversity, sophistication and number, whereas one of the main issues relating to cyberattacks is their poorly identifiable authorship;
Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Recalls that cyber defence has both military and civilian dimensions; calls on
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Notes that successful integration of both military and civilian resources can only be ensured through training and exercises with all relevant stakeholders; highlights in this regard the NATO’s Locked Shields exercise, as one of the best examples of testing and improving Cyber Defence Capability, both civilian and military;
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Stresses that cyber defence capabilities are crucial for ensuring secure and resilient information exchange and protection between intelligence EU and MS entities and SatCen in both security from space (GEOINT)and in space (SST) in order to preserve and enhance the required strategic autonomy on situational awareness at EU level.
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Stresses the importance of strengthening cyber security governance, in particular the planning process, in order to increase public-private partnerships;
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16a. Is concerned about the European Union's dependence on the digital platforms of foreign powers, particularly the US, when it comes to ensuring its cyber security;
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 b (new) 16 b. Stresses the importance of education to raise public awareness and to improve the skills of citizens to defend themselves against cybercriminal activity and cyberattacks;
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 b (new) 16 b. Calls for public awareness of cyber security threats and a focus on cyber defence in education, training and exercises;
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17.
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Welcomes the joint communication by the VP/HR and the Commission entitled ‘The EU’s Cybersecurity Strategy for the Digital Decade’, which aims to enhance synergies and cooperation between civilian, defence and space cyber work; considers the strategy a milestone for strengthening the EU’s and Member States’ cyber resilience, thereby
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17 a. Promotes a “European digital sovereignty” programme in order to foster and enhance the current capabilities in terms of cyber and encryption tools inspired by fundamental European rights and values such as privacy, freedom of expression and democracy with the aim of enhancing the European competitiveness in the cybersecurity market and boosting the internal demand;
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. whereas cyberspace is considered as the fifth dimension of warfare in addition to land, sea, air and space;
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17 a. Notes the important role the Joint Cyber Unit will play in protecting the EU from grave cross-border cyber-attacks, based on the concept of cross-sector information-sharing; underlines the importance of coordination in order to avoid the duplication of structures and responsibilities during the development;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17 a. Welcomes the Commission’s initiative to build a network of Security Operations Centres across the EU which could enhance civil-military cooperation to provide timely warnings on cybersecurity incidents;
Amendment 172 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 b (new) 17 b. Urges the Commission and the Member states to establish without delay Member States’ EU cyber intelligence working group within the EU intelligence and Situation Centre (INTCEN) to advance strategic intelligence cooperation on cyber threats and activities, as foreseen in “The EU’s Cybersecurity Strategy for the Digital Decade”;
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 c (new) 17 c. Underlines the important role the new Cybersecurity Competence Centre in Bucharest will play and calls for its concrete role and competences to be identified as soon as possible;
Amendment 174 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Recalls that improving cyber defence capabilities also requires civilian network and information security expertise; welcomes the proposed revision
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Recalls that improving cyber defence capabilities also requires civilian network and information security expertise; welcomes the proposed revision of the Directive on security of network and information systems (NIS) and of current EU law, seeking to protect critical infrastructures, enhance supply chain security and the inclusion of regulated actors in the digital ecosystem; recalls that the NIS Directive should respect Member States competencies, in particular their responsibility regarding national security;
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Recalls that improving cyber defence capabilities also requires, given their often dual-use nature, civilian network and information security expertise; notes the importance of promoting civil-military cooperation; welcomes the proposed revision of the Directive on security of network and information systems (NIS) and of current EU law, seeking to protect critical infrastructures, enhance supply chain security and the inclusion of regulated actors in the digital ecosystem;
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Recalls that improving cyber defence capabilities also requires civilian network and information security expertise;
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18 a. Underlines that cooperation with the private sector and civilian stakeholders, including industries and entities involved in the management of critical infrastructures, is crucial and should be reinforced due to the intrinsic characteristics of the cyber domain, in which technological innovation is mainly driven by private companies that often don ot operate in the military field;
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18 a. Underlines the importance of encryption and legal access to encrypted data; recalls that data encryption and the enhancement and widest possible use of such capabilities can make a significant contribution to the cyber security of states, societies and industry;
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas in cyber space there is no clear division between civil and military realms, it is being militarized and weaponized, conflicts can take place in all physical (land, air, sea and space) and virtual (cyber) domains, and may be amplified through elements of hybrid warfare, proxy wars, offensive and defensive use of cyber capabilities and strategic attacks to disrupt critical infrastructure and cause considerable financial losses;
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 b (new) 18 b. Promotes a common vision on Cloud adoption strategy for sensitive sectors with the aim of defining a European approach based on shared standards among like-minded States, in order to protect the digital know-how, sensitive data and information;
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Welcomes the Commission’s Action Plan
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Welcomes the Commission’s Action Plan On Synergies between civil, defence and space industries, and recalls the close interdependence of these three sectors in cyber defence; notes that, differently from other military domains, cyber space is mainly owned by commercial entities based mostly outside the EU, which leads to industrial and technological dependencies on third parties; strongly believes that the EU needs to increase its technological sovereignty and innovation, investing in the use of new technologies in security and defence such as artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing; affirms that data protection is a legal must, particularly when it comes to defending not only the vital interests of the State but also individual freedom and security;
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Welcomes the Commission’s Action Plan On Synergies between civil, defence and space industries, and recalls the close interdependence of these three sectors in cyber defence; notes that, differently from other military domains, cyber space is mainly owned by commercial entities based mostly outside the EU, which leads to industrial and technological dependencies on third parties; strongly believes that the EU needs to increase its technological sovereignty and innovation, investing in the use of new technologies in security
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Welcomes the Commission’s Action Plan On Synergies between civil, defence and space industries, and recalls the close interdependence of these three sectors in cyber defence; notes that, differently from other military domains, the infrastructure used to “create” cyber space is mainly owned by commercial entities based mostly outside the EU, which leads to industrial and technological dependencies on third
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Welcomes the Commission’s Action Plan On Synergies between civil, defence and space industries, and recalls the close interdependence of these three sectors in cyber defence; notes that, differently from other military domains, cyber space is mainly owned by commercial entities based mostly outside the EU, which leads to industrial and technological dependencies on third parties; strongly believes that the EU needs to
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Welcomes the Commission’s
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19a. Welcomes the political agreement between the European Parliament and the Council on the Regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre with a network of national coordination centres; stresses the importance of the Centre in implementing relevant cybersecurity projects and initiatives that will help create the new capacities essential to underpin Union resilience and step up coordination between the civilian and defence cybersecurity sectors when it comes to defining their tasks and responsibilities;
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19 a. Stresses the need to counter cyber attacks of countries whose aggression has been experienced more than once in the past by the EU and its Member States; recognizes that cyber defence is neither efficient nor effective as long as it does not contain offensive means and measures as well; underlines that explicit attribution of cyber attacks is a useful instrument of deterrence, while recognizing the need for prudence from the political and diplomatic point of view; recommends to take the option of attributing cyber attacks on the basis of credible evidence at least into consideration;
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19 a. Stresses that the proliferation of dual-use, off-the-shelf systems may present challenges in terms of systems being exploited by an increasing number of state as well as non-state adversaries; calls on the Commission and Member States to activate several levers, such as certification as well as the supervision of the responsibility of private actors;
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas conflicts can take place in all physical (land, air, sea and space) and virtual
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 b (new) 19 b. Recommends that the establishment of a Joint Cyber Unit to increase cooperation to respond to the lack of information sharing among EU institutions, bodies and agencies guaranteeing a secure and rapid information network and to enable the full use of existing structures, resources and capabilities;
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Welcomes the upcoming ‘Military Vision and Strategy on Cyberspace as a Domain of Operations’ which will define cyberspace as a domain of operations for EU CSDP; calls for continuous assessment of the vulnerabilities of the information infrastructures of CSDP mission information infrastructures, and for the implementation of common harmonised standards in cyber defence education, training and exercises (ETE) in support of CSDP missions;
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20 a. Deplores that currently the EU Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) has limitations in the classified systems that are hampering its capabilities; calls therefore on the EEAS to swiftly provide the MPCC with a state- of-the-art autonomous and secure Communications and Information System (CIS) able to handle up to “EU Secret” data for its CSDP missions and operations and with a level of protection and resilience that is adequate with a deployed FHQ;
Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20 a. Calls on the Member State, to adopt policies able to ensure the widest possible access to the most performing cyber securitytools, supporting companies, SMEs and businesses with low financial capabilities, trough benefits, grants, loans or fiscal advantages dedicated to the acquisition of highest level cybersecurity products and services, avoiding that their costs represent an element of discrimination;
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20 a. Notes the growing importance of space security and satellites, stresses the importance of the European Union Satellite Centre and requests the agency to analyse and provide a report regarding the safety and/or vulnerabilities of the EU and Member States satellites to space debris, cyber attack and direct missile attack;
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20 a. Notes that a streamlined EU military training & education in the cyber domain would significantly improve the level of trust among Member States, increasing standard operating procedures and clearer regulations and enforcement;
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 b (new) Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between Member States; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management, including on the mutual assistance clause (Article 42(7) of the TEU) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario; calls for increased coordination with NATO in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training, such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (PACE); calls for such initiatives to strengthen the common understanding on the implementation procedures for mutual assistance and/or solidarity in line with Article 42(7) of the TEU and Article 222 of the TFEU, including with a specific objective of operationalising these procedures for cyber-attacks on the EU institutions or Member States; expresses its embarrassment and serious concerns about the security of confidential EU meetings, as a Dutch journalist managed to access a confidential videoconference at the level of EU defence ministers last year. Underlines that such weaknesses in the EU institutions security practices have adverse effects on the credibility of EU cyber defence capabilities;
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls to further integrate cybersecurity into EU crisis response mechanisms and link the existing initiatives, structures and procedures (such as the IPCR, the CSIRTs Network, the NIS Cooperation Group, the CyCLONe) between various cyber communities for enhanced mutu
Amendment 199 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between Member States; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management, including on the mutual assistance clause (Article 42(7) of the TEU) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 18 a (new) — having regard to the Council conclusions on the EU’s Cybersecurity Strategy for the Digital Decade of 9 March 2021,
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas c
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between Member States; strongly emphasises the importance of
Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between Member States in particular in the event of major cyber attacks such as the one on Estonia in 2007; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management, including on the mutual assistance clause (Article 42(7) of the TEU) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario; calls for increased coordination with NATO in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training, such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (PACE); calls for such initiatives to strengthen the common understanding on the implementation procedures for mutual assistance and/or solidarity in line with Article 42(7) of the TEU and Article 222 of the TFEU, including with a specific
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between Member States; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises, but at a higher frequency, and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management, including on the mutual assistance clause (Article 42(7) of the TEU) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario; calls for increased coordination with NATO in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training, such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (PACE); calls for such initiatives to strengthen the common understanding on the implementation procedures for mutual assistance and/or solidarity in line with Article 42(7) of the TEU and Article 222 of the TFEU, including with a specific objective of operationalising these procedures for cyber-attacks on the EU institutions or Member States;
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between Member States; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management, including on the mutual assistance clause (Article 42(7) of the TEU) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario; calls for increased coordination with NATO in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training, such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (PACE); calls for such initiatives to strengthen the common understanding on the implementation procedures for mutual assistance and/or solidarity in line with Article 42(7) of the TEU and Article 222 of the TFEU, including with a specific objective of operationalising these procedures for cyber-attacks on
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Notes that the EU is increasingly involved in hybrid conflicts with geopolitical adversaries; Underlines that these acts are of a particularly destabilising and dangerous nature as they blur the lines between war and peace, destabilise democracies and sow doubt in the minds of target populations; Recalls that these attacks are by itself often not serious enough to trigger Article 5 of the NATO treaty or Article 42(7) of the TEU, though have a strategic effect cumulative and cannot be effectively tackled by retorsions by the injured member state; Believes that the EU should therefore strive to find a solution to fill this legal vacuum by reinterpreting Article 42(7) TEU and Article 222TFEU in a way that would reserve the right for collective defence below the collective defence threshold and allow for collective countermeasures of EU Member States on a voluntary basis, and work internationally with allies for a similar solution at the international level; Underlines that this is the only effective means to counter the paralysis in reacting against hybrid threats and an instrument to increase the costs for our adversaries;
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Reiterates that common strong attribution capabilities are also an essential component of effective cyber defence and cyber deterrence; welcomes the VP/HR proposal to encourage and facilitate the establishment of a Member States’ EU cyber intelligence working group residing within the EU Intelligence and Situation Centre (INTCEN) to advance strategic intelligence cooperation on cyber threats and activities, in order to further support EU situational awareness and decision-making on a joint diplomatic response;
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Welcomes the adoption, based on Article 48 (2)of the Cybersecurity Act, of a cybersecurity certification scheme that will serve as a successor to the SOG-IS Mutual Recognition Agreement and of further certification schemes and standards for specific technologies;
Amendment 207 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 b (new) 21 b. Considers that Cybersecurity is not only a technology problem; Calls for the adoption, based on Articles 7 and 8 of the Cybersecurity Act, of an enhanced awareness program that improves ‘cyber- hygiene’ in citizens, organizations and businesses against Cyber Threats and Disinformation;
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Considers th
Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Considers that EU-NATO cyber cooperation is crucial, as it enables strong formal attribution and thus the imposition of restrictive sanctions; notes that functioning deterrence would be achieved if adversaries were aware of the catalogue of possible countermeasures (based on the severity, scale, and target of the cyber- attacks); calls for increased coordination with NATO in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training, such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (PACE);
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas cyber-attackers are using state-of-the-art technology to investigate vulnerabilities in systems and devices and to engage in large- and mega-scale cyber- attacks;
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Considers that
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Considers that EU-NATO cyber cooperation is crucial, as it enables strong formal attribution and thus the imposition of restrictive sanctions; notes that in general, functioning deterrence would be achieved if adversaries were aware of the catalogue of possible credible countermeasures, and their proportionality and appropriateness, their compliance with international law, in particular the UN Chater (based on the severity, scale, and target of the cyber-
Amendment 212 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Considers that EU-NATO cyber cooperation is crucial, as it enables strong formal attribution and thus the imposition of restrictive sanctions; notes that functioning deterrence would be achieved if adversaries were aware of the EU- NATO’s capacity of effectively attributing cyber attacks to its perpetrators and applying a catalogue of possible countermeasures (based on the severity, scale, and target of the cyber-
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Considers that
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Considers that EU-NATO cyber cooperation
Amendment 215 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Considers that EU-NATO cyber cooperation is crucial, as it enables and str
Amendment 216 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Considers that EU-NATO cyber cooperation is crucial, as it enables strong formal attribution and thus the imposition of restrictive sanctions; notes that functioning
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. Recognises that EU & NATO should coordinate on issue’s where China’s actions are contrary to Euro- Atlantic security interests; prioritization should be given to challenges in the cyber, hybrid, EDT, space, arms control, and non-proliferation areas;
Amendment 218 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 b (new) 22 b. Recognises that China’s acquisitions of intellectual property and technological advances by leading research centres are often used to propel its military aims and therefore the EU should work to develop a long-term strategy to counter China’s military-civil fusion (MCF) strategy in Europe;
Amendment 219 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 c (new) 22 c. Calls on EDA to ensure that any efforts it takes to enhance Member States operational capabilities take place in close conjunction with NATO’s Defence Investment Division and the NATO support and Procurement Agency;
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C b (new) C b. whereas the EU is a net importer of cyber security products and services, which increases the risk of technological dependence and vulnerability to non-EU operators;
Amendment 220 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 d (new) 22 d. Urges EU-NATO cooperation in regulating 5G implementation to comply with strict national security standards that secures national and international information networks capable of encrypting communications;
Amendment 221 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 e (new) Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Welcomes the arrangement between the CERT-EU and the NATO Computer Incident Response Capability (NCIRC), to ensure the ability to respond
Amendment 224 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23 a. Calls on all Member State and EU, to provide themselves with a Cyber Deterrence Set of Forces, able to provide NATO of a coordinated, efficient and performing instrument of counter-cyber- attack, even updating the juridical framework in a way that will consider the cyber deterrence as an acceptable and proportionate reaction option to respond to attacks, prevent the recurrence and disable potential hostile forces in presence of a concrete threat for security of people, enterprises, human rights, free institutions and democracy;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23 a. Recognises the emerging threat of Hyper war and the unique requirements this will place on defence architectures and the need for a high-tech industrial base if the EU and NATO are to preserve an adequate deterrence and defence posture or simply maintain a comparative advantage against adversarial actors;
Amendment 226 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 b (new) 23 b. Stresses concern regarding the 2018 Russian Ministry of Defence’s ten- point plan to place AI at the core of Russian military modernization, driven by AI consortia across government, industry and academia; Recognises that this is bolstered by the creation of a Fund for Analytical Algorithms combined with a state system for training and educating AI specialists;
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 c (new) 23 c. Stresses the concern posed by Russia’s harmonisation of highly disruptive propaganda and kinetic operations while committing to investments in military-relevant AI;
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 d (new) 23 d. Recognises the synergy between old and new military technologies that will be utilized for hyper war such as combining aircraft,ships, submarines and tanks with intelligent drone swarms or hypersonic stand-off munitions;
Amendment 229 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 e (new) 23 e. Urges EDA, CDP, CARD and NDPP to utilize autonomous software to assist with maintenance, logistics management, and targeting of offensive and defensive systems to ensure that a CSDP force is successfully integrated with autonomous, unmanned ground, air and sea vehicles to provide a standardised, and ever increasing, level of operational competence and consistency of execution;
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C c (new) C c. whereas cyber espionage and cyber sabotage in cyber space are growing significantly and pose a serious threat;
Amendment 230 #
23 f. Urges the EU’s PESCO and promotion of pooling and sharing, as well as NATO’s Smart Defence, Connected Forces Initiative and Defence Investment Pledge be reinforced by an EU-NATO Capability Action Plan that seeks to better forge synergies, harmonization and efficiencies into the relationship between suppliers and end-users;
Amendment 231 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Calls for further synchronisation of EU-NATO cooperation, notably on cyber defence interoperability requirements, by looking for possible complementarities, avoiding duplication and acknowledging their respective responsibilities; welcomes the progress made in the EU-NATO cooperation in the cyber defence field, notably on the exchanges of concepts and doctrines, on cross participation in cyber exercices and on cross-briefings notably on the cyber dimension of crisis managements;
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Calls for further synchronisation of EU-NATO cooperation, notably on cyber defence interoperability requirements, by looking for possible complementarities, pursuing the affiliation of relevant CSDP structures to NATO’s Federated Mission Networking and avoiding duplication and acknowledging their respective responsibilities;
Amendment 233 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Calls for further synchronisation of EU-NATO cooperation, notably on cyber defence interoperability requirements, by looking for possible complementarities
Amendment 234 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Calls for further
Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Emphasises that both the EU and NATO should further strengthen their capabilities to prevent, deter and respond to hybrid and cyber attacks; suggests the creation of a joint cyber threat information hub, as well as a joint task force for cyber security; emphasises the relevance of a common EU/NATO cyber threat analysis on the basis of which important and less important, urgent and less urgent decisions should be taken and actions could be selected and launched;
Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Underlines the important to develop effective international cooperation tools to support the strengthening of partners’ cyber capacity building, as well as to develop and promote confidence-building measures;
Amendment 237 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Calls for increased cooperation and exchange of information with those that have increasingly been targeted by cyber attacks, such as Taiwan;
Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 b (new) 24 b. Encourages the further promotion of the OSCE confidence-building measures for cyberspace;
Amendment 239 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25.
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the European External Action Service (EEAS), the European Commission and European Defence Agency (EDA) should support Member States in stepping up their efforts to deliver better national and common military cyber defence capabilities and technologies, addressing all aspects of capability development, including doctrine, leadership, organisation, personnel, training, industry, technology, infrastructure, logistics and interoperability;
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between Member States, the EU institutions, NATO
Amendment 241 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United States and other strategic partners; underlines the urgent need of states for implementing the widely-
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the U
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United States and other strategic partners such as the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE); underlines the urgent need for implementing the widely-
Amendment 244 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United States and other strategic partners; underlines the urgent need for implementing the widely- recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace within the UN contexte;
Amendment 245 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between Member States, the EU institutions
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 a (new) 25a. Supports and encourages the enhancement of EU cybersecurity cooperation with candidate and potential candidate countries in the Western Balkans and with its eastern and southern neighbourhood partners as part of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP); the development of security partnerships with the EU neighbourhood can facilitate the pooling of funding, knowledge, information and cyber capabilities in the region;
Amendment 247 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 a (new) 25 a. Underlines the importance of having a strong partnership in the cyber domain with the UK which is a leading nation in terms of its cyber defence arsenal; calls on the Commission to investigate the possibility to re-launch a process aiming at concluding a formal and structured framework for cooperation in this field in the future;
Amendment 248 #
26.
Amendment 249 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on all Member States and the EU to show leadership during discussions and initiatives under the auspices of the
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the European External Action Service (EEAS), the European Commission and European Defence Agency (EDA) should support Member States in coordinating and stepping up their efforts to deliver cyber defence capabilities and technologies, addressing all aspects of capability development, including doctrine, leadership, organisation, personnel, training, industry, technology, infrastructure, logistics
Amendment 250 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on all Member States and the EU to show leadership during discussions and initiatives under the auspices of the UN to have a proactive approach in the establishment of an internationally shared regulatory framework and help truly promote responsible state behaviour in cyber space, building on the consensus reports of the UN GGE endorsed by the UN General Assembly; calls for UN peacekeeping missions to be reinforced with cyber defence capacities in line with the effective implementation of their mandates;
Amendment 251 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Calls on all Member States and the EU to show leadership during discussions and initiatives under the auspices of the UN to help truly promote responsible state behaviour in cyber space, building on the consensus reports of the UN GGE endorsed by the UN General Assembly, and more recently the OEWG; calls for UN peacekeeping missions to be reinforced with cyber defence capacities in line with the effective implementation of their mandates;
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 a (new) 26 a. Underlines the important role of cyber diplomacy in the EU toolbox; considers that striving to secure multilateral agreements on cyber norms, responsible state and non-state behaviour in cyberspace and effective global digital governance as well as creating an open, free, stable and secure cyberspace anchored in international law through alliances between like-minded countries, organisations, the private sector, civil society and experts, it's an integral part of a more comprehensive cyber-defence strategy;
Amendment 253 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 a (new) 26 a. Recalls its position on a ban on development, production and use of fully autonomous weapons enabling strikes to be carried out without meaningful human intervention; calls on the HR/VP, the Member States and the European Council to adopt a common position on autonomous weapons system, that ensures meaningful human control over the critical functions of weapons systems; demands the start of international negotiations on a legally binding instrument that would prohibits fully autonomous weapons;
Amendment 254 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 a (new) 26 a. Welcomes the importance attributed to a global, open, free, stable and secure cyber space underlined by the 19 April 2021 EU Strategy for cooperation in the Indo-Pacific; calls for actively developing closer ties with likeminded democracies in the Indo- Pacific region, such as the United States, South Korea, Japan, India, Australia and Taiwan in order to share knowledge and experience as well as exchange information on countering cyber threat;
Amendment 255 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 b (new) 26 b. Underlines the importance of cooperation with other countries, particularly in the EU’s immediate neighbourhood, to help build up their capacity to defend against cybersecurity threats; commends the Commission’s support for cybersecurity programmes in the Western Balkans and the Eastern Partnership countries;
Amendment 256 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 b (new) 26 b. Underlines the importance of cooperation with National Parliaments in order to exchange best practices of the area of cyber defence;
Amendment 257 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Instructs its President to forward
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas the cyber domain, now considered the fifth domain of warfare alongside land, maritime, air and space is wide and encompass everything from information and telecommunication networks, infrastructure and the data they support, to computer systems, processors and controllers and thus an effective cyber defence requires an holistic approach and a high level of cooperation from a wide range of public and private actors and cyber stakeholders from different fields, as well as enhanced cooperation with other like-minded international actors;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas during the development of the Requirements Catalogue (2017), which is used to identify the full range of CSDP military requirements across a number of illustrative scenarios, the need for cyber defence capabilities emerged as a high priority;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D b (new) D b. whereas, due to the nature of the cyber domain, a proper defence is often at a structural disadvantage in comparison with attacks, especially those of a global or cross border nature and especially in case of fragmentation of strategies and capabilities;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D b (new) D b. whereas the successful implementation of EU missions and operations is increasingly dependent on uninterrupted access to a secure cyberspace, and thus requires resilient cyber operational capabilities;
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 18 a (new) — having regards the Declaration of the European Council of 25 March 2021,
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas EU Cyber Defence Policy
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) E a. whereas the defence and space industries are facing unprecedented global competition and major technological changes with the emergence of advanced cyber technologies;
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas the increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into all defence forces’
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas the increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into defence forces’
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) F a. whereas the European Court of Auditors pointed to capability gaps in the area of ICT technologies, cyber warfare and AI;
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas raising the level of cyber security within the EU is a necessary corollary to the success of Europe’s digital ambitions; whereas a EU with strong cybersecurity culture and technology would be able to guarantee digital sovereignty, support a strong online economy and protect its citizens;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas raising the level of cyber security within the EU is a necessary corollary to the success of Europe’s digital ambitions and to keep pace with the growing sophistication and threat of cyberattacks, ransomware and malware;
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas raising the level of cyber security within the EU is a necessary corollary to the success of Europe’s digital ambitions; as well as the security of its member states;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas raising the level of cyber security within the EU is a necessary corollary to the success of Europe’s digital ambitions and would create greater resilience;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas raising the level of cyber security
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 18 b (new) — having regards the Open Ended Working Group (OEWG) report of 10 March 2021,
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas raising the level of cyber security within the EU is
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas one of the goals envisaged by the European Commission proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council establishing the “European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres” has been to enhance synergies between the civilian and military dimensions and to increase cooperation between civilian and defence cybersecurity research and innovation communities;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas the June 2017 Council Conclusions establishing a Framework for a Joint EU Diplomatic Response to Malicious Cyber Activities (“Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox”) showed the added value of a joint EU diplomatic response to malicious cyber activities;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas the world pandemic COVID-19, the world is rapidly changing and the EU Cyber Defense Policy Framework must be updated;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas the EU aims to create the most secure digital environment;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G b (new) G b. whereas different state actors like Russia, China and North Korea have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that include attacks on critical infrastructure, cyber espionage and mass surveillance of EU citizens, aiding disinformation campaigns and distributing malware, limiting access to the internet and the functioning of IT systems; whereas such activities disregard and violate international law, human rights and EU fundamental rights while jeopardising democracy, security, public order and the strategic autonomy of the EU, and should therefore lead to a joint EU response, such as using the framework for a joint EU diplomatic response, including the use of restrictive measures envisaged for the EU cyber diplomacy toolbox;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the Council decided for the first time on 30 July 2020 to impose restrictive measures against individuals
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) H a. whereas attribution forms are central component in cyber diplomacy and deterrence strategies;
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas EU-NATO cooperation has increased across multiple fields, including cyber
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I a (new) I a. whereas the studies published by NATO’s Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence outlines the increasingly capable social media bots, A- I created fake images video and weapons platforms Russia uses;
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 18 b (new) — having regard to the UN Agenda for Disarmament - Securing our Common Future,
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J a (new) J a. whereas EU’s ambition to acquire a more prominent geopolitical role by becoming ‘strategically autonomous’ and ‘technologically sovereign’ also rests on credible cyber defence and deterrence, including the capacity to identify malicious actions in a timely effective manner and to respond adequately;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J a (new) J a. whereas damaging cyberattacks can take place at any moment; whereas actors on both European and national levels should be encouraged to take necessary measures to maintain effective cyber defence capabilities even during peacetime;
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J a (new) J a. whereas hybrid warfare tactics have increased in the last decades; whereas the EU must define a clear position towards this evolving threat;
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J b (new) J b. whereas international terrorist organizations have increased their expertise in and use of cyber warfare;
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 1 The state of EU cooperation on military and civilian cyber defence capabilities
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that a common cyber defence policy and a substantial cyber defence capability are core elements for the development of the European Defence Union and require a complex mix of technical, strategic and operational abilities; stresses the urgent need to strengthen EU and the Member State cyber defence capabilities; underlines the key operational capabilities of detection, attribution, and incident response, and underlines in this regard the need of multi-domain-awareness monitoring schemes;
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that a common cyber defence policy and
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that a common cyber defence policy and a substantial cyber defence capability are core elements for the development of
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that a common approach on cyber defence
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Underlines that a common cyber
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 18 c (new) — having regards to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, in particular to SDG 16, aiming at the promotion of peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Recalls that responsibility for cyber security rests primarily with the Member States, while the EU has a key role in supporting and developing the cyber defence capabilities of public and private entities within the Member States, coordinating their efforts and harmonising legislation from the top;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Welcomes the new EU Cybersecurity Strategy announced by the Commission and the High Representative on 16th December 2020; calls on the EU to fully work and cooperate with Member states to prevent cyber-attacks and to establish a cyber defence;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 b (new) 1 b. Welcomes the new “European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre” adopted by the Council in April 2021, and encourages seamless cooperation with its network of national coordination centres;
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 c (new) 1 c. Supports the creation of an EU External Cyber Capacity Building Agenda that will increase cyber capacity-building efforts to third countries;
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 d (new) 1 d. Notes that the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase of cyber insecurity demonstrated that international agreements are necessary; Suggest that the European Union could take the role and promote the creation of international agreements with third countries regarding the data’s protection rights;
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Recalls that the borderless nature of cyber space and the substantial number of cyber-attacks make them a threat requiring intensified
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Recalls that the borderless nature of cyber space and the substantial number of cyber-attacks make them a threat requiring intensified EU-NATO cooperation based on coordinated efforts to counter hybrid threats, information sharing between cyber crisis response teams, exchange of best practices, enhanced training, research and exercises and a coordinated Union-level response, including common Member State support capabilities;
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Recalls that the borderless nature of cyber space a
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Recalls that the borderless nature of cyber space a
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Recalls that the borderless nature of cyber space and the substantial number of cyber-attacks make them a threat requiring intensified
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 18 d (new) — having regard to the European Court of Auditors Review No 09/2019 on European Defence,
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Believes that in order to ensure an all-encompassing resilience, it is necessary not only to strengthen technological infrastructures and to possess response capabilities, but also to spread a cyber security culture among the population;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Stresses that the review of the Cyber Defence Policy Framework (CDPF) should first of all highlight the existing gaps and vulnerabilities as regards EU and national military structures; stresses the need to enhance coordination between EU actors, notably the EEAS, the EU Military Staff, the European Commission, the European Defence Agency (EDA), between and with Member States, as well as with the European Parliament, in order to ensure the updated CDPF achieves the EU’s cyber defence objectives;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Welcomes the CDPF as a tool to support the development of EU Member States cyber defence capabilities; Stresses that the review of the Cyber Defence Policy Framework (CDPF) should enhance coordination between EU
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Welcomes the decision of the Council to give green light for the establishment of the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre in Bucharest, Romania, which will work together with a network of national coordination centres designed by Member States and with the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity and which will channel cybersecurity-related funding from Horizon Europe and the Digital Europe Programme; underlines that the Cybersecurity Competence Centre must bring together the main European stakeholders, including industry, academic and research organisations and other relevant civil society associations, to forma cybersecurity competence community with the aim to enhance and spread cybersecurity expertise across the EU;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Highlights that the Commission and Member states should cooperate with the European Agencies as for example, the European Cyber Security Organisation (ECSO), the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation(EUROPOL), European Defence Agency (EDA), European Space Agency (ESA);
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 b (new) 3 b. Considers that the Commission and Member states should have a further cooperation with Europol as it faces cyber-security threats; considering that Europol set out the European Cybercrime Centre (EC3) in 2013 to protect EU citizens and to strengthen the law enforcement response to cybercrime in the EU;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the EEAS and the European Commission, in cooperation with the Member States, to further develop a coherent IT security policy to strengthen cyber defence coordination;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the EEAS
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the EEAS to further develop a coherent IT security policy to strengthen cyber defence coordination, while focusing on prevention, detection, incident response, situational awareness, information exchange and early warning mechanism; urges a cooperation strategy with the EU’s Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERT-EU) to protect networks used by all EU institutions; calls on the European Parliament to ensure its participation in CERT-EU results to ensured a level of IT security that will allow it to receive all the necessary classified and non-classified information to carry out its responsibilities under the Treaties, including as a result of the current process to replace the 2002 Inter- Institutional Agreement on access to information in the area of security and defence;
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the EEAS to further develop a coherent IT security policy
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 19 a (new) — having regard to the Council Conclusions on the EU’s Cybersecurity Strategy for the Digital Decade of 9 March 2021,
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the EEAS to further develop a coherent IT security policy to strengthen cyber defence coordination; urges a cooperation strategy with the EU’s Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERT-EU) to protect networks used by all EU institutions and its communication with Member States; calls on the European Parliament to ensure its participation in CERT-EU results to ensured a level of IT security that will allow it to receive all the necessary classified and non-classified information to carry out its responsibilities under the Treaties, including as a result of the current process to replace the 2002 Inter-Institutional Agreement on access to information in the area of security and defence;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Calls on the EEAS to further develop a coherent IT security policy to strengthen cyber defence coordination; urges
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Notes the 2018 CDPF’s objective to setup an EU Military CERT-Network;
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Notes the 2018 CDPF’s objective to setup an EU Military CERT-Network; calls on the EU Member States to significantly increase
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Notes the 2018 CDPF’s objective to set up an EU Military CERT-Network; calls on Member States to significantly increase classified information sharing, to develop a European rapid and secure network to
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Notes the 2018 CDPF’s objective to setup an EU Military CERT-Network; calls on Member States to significantly increase classified information sharing
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Notes the 2018 CDPF’s objective to setup an EU Military CERT-Network; calls on Member States to significantly increase classified information sharing, to develop a European rapid and secure network to detect, asses and counter cyber-attacks;
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Calls on every Member State, to adopt policies able to develop a coherent and cyberthreat intelligence approach in order to have a situation awareness on cyberattack, that include an enhancement Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO)and adoption of EU Cyber Intelligence Center in cooperation with every Member State;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Is concerned at the Sino-American duopoly established in key digital technologies;
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Recalls that the 2018 EU Capability Development Priorities established in the framework of the Capability Development Plan (CDP) made cyber
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 21 a (new) — having regard ENISA’s the year interview from January 2019 to April 2020,
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Recalls that the 2018 EU Capability Development Priorities (CDP)
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Notes the 2018 CDPF’s objective to setup an EU Military CERT-Network and the Directive on security of network and information systems (NIS), calls on Member States to significantly increase of information sharing method, to define a common communication standard that could be used for classified and no- classified information, in order to enhanced the rapid action and secure network to counter cyber-attacks;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Stresses that cyber-attacks have increased throughout the EU in the last year during the COVID-19 pandemic and that such attacks are increasingly sophisticated among both state and non- state actors; calls for the European Commission and Member states to take further actions in the cyber-defence capabilities;
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) 6 b. Highlights that in the recent years, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has been cyber attacked; underlines that other Member states have also witnessed cyber-attacks in the recent years;
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 c (new) 6 c. Notes that there is an external growth cyber-attacks, where China, North Korea and Russia have been the actors;
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7.
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Underlines that the Coordinated Annual Review on Defence (CARD) is
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8.
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Notes that the European Defence Fund (EDF), will also support strengthening resilience, and improve preparedness, responsiveness and cooperation in the cyber domain; calls on the Member States to take advantage of the EDF to jointly develop cyber defence capabilities;
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8.
source: 691.415
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History
(these mark the time of scraping, not the official date of the change)
2023-08-03Show (2) Changes
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