2021/2017(INI) Europe’s Media in the Digital Decade: An Action Plan to Support Recovery and Transformation
Lead committee dossier:
Progress: Awaiting Parliament's vote
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | CULT |
MELBĀRDE Dace ( ECR)
|
ZOVKO Željana ( EPP),
SMERIGLIO Massimiliano ( S&D),
FARRENG Laurence ( Renew),
NIENASS Niklas ( Verts/ALE),
DA RE Gianantonio ( ID),
MICHELS Martina ( GUE/NGL)
|
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54
Legal Basis:
RoP 54Subjects
Events
2021/10/19
Vote in plenary scheduled
2021/10/18
EP - Debate in Parliament
2021/10/06
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading
Documents
2021/10/06
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Documents
2021/09/27
EP - Vote in committee
2021/06/08
EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2021/05/18
EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2021/03/11
EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2021/01/18
EP - MELBĀRDE Dace (ECR) appointed as rapporteur in CULT
Documents
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading: A9-0278/2021
- Committee report tabled for plenary: A9-0278/2021
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE693.773
- Committee draft report: PE692.618
- Committee draft report: PE692.618
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE693.773
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading: A9-0278/2021
Activities
- Fabio Massimo CASTALDO
Plenary Speeches (2)
- Sandra KALNIETE
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Dace MELBĀRDE
Plenary Speeches (1)
Votes
Les médias européens dans la décennie numérique - Europe’s Media in the Digital Decade - Europas Medien in der digitalen Dekade - A9-0278/2021 - Dace Melbārde - Proposition de résolution de remplacement - Am 1 #
2021/10/19 Outcome: -: 559, 0: 66, +: 63
NI
The Left
PPELes médias européens dans la décennie numérique - Europe’s Media in the Digital Decade - Europas Medien in der digitalen Dekade - A9-0278/2021 - Dace Melbārde - Proposition de résolution (commission CULT) (ensemble du texte) #
2021/10/19 Outcome: +: 577, 0: 76, -: 47
| Amendments | Dossier |
| 274 |
2021/2017(INI)
2021/06/08
CULT
274 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 a (new) — having regard to the Protocol on the system of public broadcasting in the Member States annexed to the Treaty establishing the European Community (Amsterdam protocol),
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 9 a (new) — having regard to the Council conclusions on the recovery, resilience and sustainability of the cultural and creative sectors of 18 May 2021,
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Underlines the significant role played by music streaming platforms in terms of cultural diversity and access to musical works online; Invites the Commission to assess the role of music streaming services , in particular in view of the converging online media environment, and to develop positive obligations ensuring their algorithmic transparency to avoid biases and unfair practices, as well as promoting cultural diversity and discoverability of European works on such services;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Warns that the exceptional economic crisis facing media and the political crisis caused by the pandemic has been exploited and has the potential to be further exploited by some member state governments to misuse public subsidies or advertising budgets to punish critical media and reward pro-government coverage;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 b (new) 4 b. Stresses that the European Commission should also provide support, through an independent process, to media and that special focus thereby should be given to Member States where independent media face particular financial and political pressure and Member States where ongoing rule of law concerns cast doubt on the ability of the state to provide impartial support to journalism;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 b (new) 4 b. Believes it is crucial therefore that any recovery funds earmarked for the media and channelled through Member States be conditional on a process that guarantees fair and objective distribution in support of independent quality journalism and respects the rule of law;
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 d (new) Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Invites the Commission to conduct a study
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Invites the Commission to conduct a study, develop guidelines and share among Member States the best practices in public financing mechanisms; while recalling the Member States' responsibility in regards to culture, education, youth and media policy and more particularly funding mechanisms in these fields;
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Invites the Commission to conduct a study, develop guidelines and share among Member States the best practices in public financing mechanisms while reassessing the Member States’ prerogative in regards to culture and media policy and more particularly funding mechanisms in these fields;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Invites the Commission to conduct a study, develop guidelines and
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Acknowledges that radio can offer a trusted source of real-time information across borders where reliable news is scarce; calls on the Commission to further ensure proper funding for the continuation of Euranet Plus’ operational activities and the extension of its membership, geographic and linguistic coverage, as well as to enable it to invest in its digital transformation and in quality products and services;
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 9 b (new) Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Recalls that minority media cannot compete in the general schemes with the majority media and asks the Members States to support the production of content by national minorities and its widespread dissemination across different platforms;
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 b (new) 5 b. Acknowledges that radio can offer a trusted source of real-time information across borders where reliable news is scarce; calls on the Commission to further ensure proper funding for the continuation of Euranet Plus’ operational activities and the extension of its membership, geographic and linguistic coverage, as well as to enable it to invest in its digital transformation and in quality products and services;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 c (new) 5 c. Observes that although the LUMIERE VOD database and other databases of the European Audiovisual Observatory collect abundant information on the origin of the contents of VOD platforms there is no data on presence of subtitles, sign languages, or languages used in the different media; believes that, since this data serves as a basis for the design and monitoring of European audiovisual policies, and in order also to promote accessibility for people with sensory diversity in the VOD sector this data is of key importance;
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Believes that tax policies
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Believes that tax policies can help recovery and resilience of these sectors; encourages Member States with adequate fiscal scope to help boost media consumption and cinema
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Believes that tax policies can help recovery and resilience of these sectors; encourages Member States with adequate fiscal scope to help boost media and cinema consumption through VAT rates that accommodate this; underlines that special tax policies offer an equal playing field for all media developers and not harm small and medium size companies and freelancers;
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Believes that tax policies can help recovery and resilience of these sectors; encourages Member States with adequate fiscal scope to help boost media
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Believes that tax policies can help recovery and resilience of these sectors;
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Believes that favourable tax policies can help recovery and resilience of
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Believes that tax policies can help recovery and resilience of these sectors; encourages Member States with adequate fiscal scope to help boost media and cinema consumption and admissions through VAT rates that accommodate this;
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 9 c (new) — having regard to the Council conclusions on strengthening resilience and countering hybrid threats, including disinformation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic of 15 December 2020,
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Welcomes the European Commission's announcement of an additional financial support for the European network of cinemas; calls, however, on the Commission to quickly consider tailored support for cinemas, that have to operate at reduced capacity and with additional costs, as well as for European film festivals;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) 6 b. Considers that more coverage should be devoted to European news in order to inform citizens about the activities of the Union; reiterates its support for the news media which have made the editorial choice to cover European affairs; calls on the Commission and the Member States to continue their efforts to promote the emergence of a genuine European media sphere;
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Considers that support for strengthening independent media and media and information literacy should also be an integral part of the EU’s foreign policy; stresses the need for financial and technical support designed to strengthen the independence of the media sector; calls upon the Commission to extend its suport for media literacy education;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Considers that support for strengthening independent
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Considers that support for strengthening independent media and media and information literacy should also be an integral part of the EU’s foreign policy that will contribute to its public diplomacy, geopolitical visibility and strategic autonomy;
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Considers that support for strengthening independent media and media and information literacy should also be an integral part of the EU’s domestic and foreign policy;
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Calls on the Commission to ensure that initiatives and support measures to safeguard and promote media freedom and plurality cover not only news media but all editorial media, as it is a matter of fact that for example trade magazines or opinion journalism, not covered by a rather unclear definition of “news media”, indeed form an important part of a free and pluralist press sector;
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Recalls that Creative Europe MEDIA should endeavor to balance funding between the Member States, between its different strands and genres; recalls that it is essential to the sector that Member States nurture an ecosystem of independent players as a key driver to diversity of creation;
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Draws attention to the fact that the current crisis risks speeding up national news media consolidation to the detriment of media pluralism
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Draws attention to the fact that the current crisis risks speeding up news media consolidation to the detriment of media pluralism in the Union; considers that these trends are particularly unwelcome in smaller markets where the choice is already limited; notes that whilst as a last resort mergers can benefit the smaller players whereby their consolidation effectively prevents bankruptcies, warns at the same time that such consolidations must not be accepted as a norm; asks, therefore, for the competition authorities to remain vigilant and consider the long-term impact of mergers and acquisitions not only on market share, but also on linguistic and cultural diversity;
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 a (new) — having regard to the European Council conclusions on safeguarding a free and pluralistic media system of 18 November 2020,
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Draws attention to the fact that the current crisis risks speeding up news media consolidation to the detriment of media pluralism in the Union; considers that these trends are particularly unwelcome in smaller markets where the choice is already limited; asks, therefore, for the competition authorities to remain vigilant
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Draws attention to the fact that the current crisis risks speeding up news media consolidation to the detriment of media pluralism in the Union; considers that these trends are particularly unwelcome in smaller markets where the choice is already limited; asks, therefore, for the competition authorities to remain vigilant and consider the long-term impact of mergers and acquisitions not only on market share, but also on linguistic and cultural diversity, in order to safeguard local and regional realities;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Draws attention to the fact that the
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Draws attention to the fact that the current crisis
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8 a. Notes that conditions of competition are changing rapidly in the media and audiovisual sectors as markets converge, and that traditional media need to scale-up and grow also for wider societal reasons; Invites the Commission to better take into account developments in the digital competitive environment to enable EU media players to continue to compete and play a significant role in the long term;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8 a. Calls that ecomomic based media concentration, pressure on public media sector and the pressure of infotainment spin with shortening information timeslots and conditioning kind presentation and debates are detrimental to the quality and impartiality of information and democratic exchange;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes with concern that global online platforms have a vast disruptive impact on the audiovisual and media sector, as they dominate the data and advertising market, and have radically changed audience
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes with concern that global online platforms have a vast disruptive impact on the media sector, as they dominate the data and advertising market, and have radically changed audience consumption patterns; underlines that current legislation does not regulate pivotal issues in the
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes with concern that global online platforms have a vast disruptive impact on the media sector, as they dominate the data and advertising market, and have radically changed audience consumption patterns; underlines that current legislation does not
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes with concern that global online platforms have a vast disruptive impact on the media sector, as they dominate the data and advertising market, and have radically changed audience consumption patterns; underlines that current legislation does not regulate pivotal issues in the
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 b (new) — having regard to the European Council conclusions on improving the cross-border circulation of European audiovisual works, with an emphasis on co-productions of 7 June 2019,
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes with concern that global online platforms have a vast disruptive impact on the media sector, as they dominate the data and advertising market, and have radically changed audience consumption patterns; underlines that current legislation does not regulate pivotal
Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes with concern that global online platforms have a vast disruptive impact on the media and audiovisual sector, as they dominate the data and advertising market, and have radically changed audience consumption patterns; underlines that current legislation does not regulate pivotal issues in the information and audiovisual ecosystems such as access to data, digital advertising, algorithmic transparency, platform accountability, must-show and other questions which are crucial for the European media and audiovisual stakeholders to be able to fairly compete with these platforms; considers that timely adoption of legislation, such as the upcoming Digital Markets Act, to help address these shortcomings is a matter of urgency;
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes with concern that global online platforms have a vast disruptive impact on the media sector, as they dominate the data and advertising market, and have radically changed audience consumption patterns; underlines that current legislation does not regulate pivotal issues in the information ecosystem such as access to data, digital advertising, algorithmic transparency, platform accountability, must-show and other questions; considers that timely adoption of legislation to help address these shortcomings is a matter of urgency; underlines that online platform, if used properly, allow people to get access to information especially in countries and regions with a low rate of media freedom;
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes with concern that global online platforms have a vast disruptive impact on the media sector, as they dominate the data and advertising market, and have radically changed audience consumption patterns; underlines the need for a level playing field; in this respect stresses that current legislation does not regulate pivotal issues in the information ecosystem such as access to data, digital advertising,
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes with concern that global online platforms have a vast disruptive impact on the media sector, as they dominate the data and advertising market, and have radically changed audience consumption patterns; underlines that current legislation does not regulate pivotal issues in the information ecosystem such as access to and transparency of data, digital advertising, algorithmic transparency, platform accountability, must-show and other questions; considers that timely adoption of legislation to help address these shortcomings is a matter of urgency;
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 – subparagraph 1 (new) Highlights the need for availability of information and access to news media for every European citizen in their respective languages, in order for them to inclusively and actively participate in democratic processes;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Recognises the need for a wider and more ambitious set of measures to fight Intellectual Property theft; stresses that ensuring the responsibility and accountability of online platforms is an important step towards proper rewarding investment in content creation; considers that full and proper implementation of Directive (EU)2019/7906a is instrumental to rectify the regulatory imbalances in the digital space and to address online piracy, which is detrimental to the cultural and creative sectors and industries; _________________ 6aDirective (EU)2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Calls on the Member States to translate Article 18 of directive 2019/790 on Copyright and related right in the Digital Single Market that ensure appropriate and proportionate remuneration to audiovisual authors; such right to remuneration should apply to all media following the model of Spanish and Italian laws; such mechanisms will be essential to support audiovisual authors out of the COVID-19 crisis and ensure they receive a fair and appropriate share of the revenues generated for the exploitation of their works;
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Considers the importance of implementation and enforcement of the AVMSD and Copyright directive; encourages the Commission to explore how to assist the media sector in respect to the new neighbouring right to ensure a possibility for fair negotiations with the platforms; recognises that the role and capacity of European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services (ERGA) should be strengthened;
Amendment 149 #
9 a. Highlights the importance of the Digital Service Act and the Digital Markets Act for European media and audiovisual sectors since citizens and in particular minors increasingly access news und diverse content via thord-party platforms; such as social networks and news aggregators; stresses the need to further improve the proposed Acts in order to mitigate the issues mentioned above;
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 12 c (new) — having regard to the European Council conclusions on the strengthening of European content in the digital economy of 19 December 2018,
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Highlights the importance of the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act for European media and audiovisual sectors since citizens and in particular young people increasingly access news and diverse content via third- party platforms, such as social networks and news aggregators; stresses the need to further improve the proposed Acts in order to mitigate the issues mentioned above;
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Considers the transposition of the European Audiovisual Media Services Directive and the Copyright Directive to be essential for cultural diversity in the digital sector and for the sustainability of audiovisual services, in that these directives tighten up copyright protection and increase the visibility of European works;
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 b (new) 9 b. Notes that media are increasingly dependent on global platforms and interfaces, some of which are vertically integrated competitors, to deliver their services to European audiences; call upon Member States to come up with prominence regimes to ensure that media content of general interest is easy to discover and find on third-party platforms and calls upon the Commission to develop a solid European approach to support this overall goal;
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 b (new) 9 b. Notes that media are increasingly dependent on global platforms and interfaces, some of which are vertically integrated competitors, to deliver their services to European audiences; calls upon Member states to come up with prominence regimes to ensure that media content of general interest is easy to discover and to find on third-party platforms and calls upon the Commission to develop a solid European approach to support this overall goal;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Points out that the fight against pirating of copyrighted content is also essential for the proper functioning of the European media market; stresses the need to adopt clear and legally binding measures to combat online piracy, and to propagate the means available for combating multiple intermediaries so as to better counteract all forms of circumvention;
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 c (new) 9c. Points to the European Council conclusions of 27 November 2020 on the on safeguarding a free and pluralistic media system, which stress that 'territorial and exclusive allocation of licensing rights can often be crucial for the audiovisual media sector'; views the principle of territoriality as one of the cornerstones of the European audiovisual industry, not least when it comes to funding audiovisual works and protecting copyright, but also as regards cultural diversity; believes that maintaining the principle of territoriality will prevent the concentration of dominant players on the market, which would be detrimental to alternative and independent offers;
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Recognises the additional challenges for news
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Recognises the additional challenges for
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Recognises the additional challenges for news media operating in smaller markets, including local, regional and niche media, which have limited revenues, and are not viable using current commercial business models, and which cannot embrace new ones that media operating in larger markets can; stresses the emergence of the ‘news deserts’ that can have a significant adverse effect on cultural and linguistic diversity; believes,
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Recognises the additional challenges for news media operating in smaller markets, including local, regional and niche media, which have limited revenues, and are not viable using current commercial business models, and which cannot embrace new ones that media operating in larger markets can; believes, therefore, that public funding mechanisms based on the arm’s length principle are increasingly necessary, coupled with unobstructed access to the advertising market;
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 15 a (new) — having regards to the Directive (EU) 2018/1808 amending Directive 2010/13/EU on the coordination of certain provisions laid by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audio-visual media services (Audiovisual Media Service Directive),
Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Recognises the additional challenges for news media operating in
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Recognises the additional challenges for news and other editorial media operating in smaller markets, including local, regional and niche media, which have limited revenues, and are not viable using current commercial business models, and which cannot embrace new ones that media operating in larger markets can; believes, therefore, that public funding mechanisms based on the arm’s length principle are increasingly necessary;
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Recognises the additional challenges for
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Recognises the need for an effective enforcement of the rules on copyright, as intellectual property rights are essential to the audiovisual sectors financing; Stresses that ensuring the responsibility and accountability of online platforms is an important step towards a vibrant audiovisual system that rewards investment in content creation; Considers that the implementation of Directive 2019/790 and the swift adoption of an ambitious Digital Services Act Package are opportunities to rectify the regulatory imbalances in the digital space and to address online piracy which is detrimental to European creative industries; Considers that this drain on investment in Europe’s cultural and media landscape needs to be addressed with practical tools, such as the use of dynamic injunctions, immediate take-downs upon notification, and clarifications of the legal regime applicable to services posting hyperlinks to websites on which copyright-protected works have been made available without the consent of the right holders;
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Underscores that any public funding model must be independent of government, based on clear criteria that support and promote diverse, quality public interest journalism; notes that decentralisation to Member States creates risks for independence and therefore calls for community-led funding mechanisms "for the media and by the media", with independent juries under a "cascade" system;
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 b (new) 10 b. Highlights the importance of the dual system of public and commercial media in Europe; Calls on Member States to ensure stable, transparent, sustainable and adequate funding for public service media on a multiannual basis in order to guarantee their independence from governmental, political and market pressures, to secure the diverse European media landscape, and enable them to provide a broad range of pluralistic information and diverse content; Urges the Commission to propose a Union-wide publicly funded public media service;
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Stresses that it is essential to ensure and maintain the independence of private and public service media from political interference, including from external actors; acknowledges the specific situation Member States which are exposed to geopolitical risks arising from third country interference in their information space, including through media financing; believes that the best viable antidote is a more robust media landscape with steady revenue streams; considers increased transparency to be important, and therefore welcomes the Media Ownership Monitor initiative; calls on the Commission to ensure a more comprehensive monitoring of the political economy of the news media sector in the European Union and in the European Neighbourhood and Enlargement region;
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Stresses that it is essential to ensure and maintain the independence of private and public service media from
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Stresses that it is essential to guarantee financial sustainability of public service media, and to ensure and maintain the independence of private and public service media from political and economic interference, including from external actors and shareholders; acknowledges the specific situation of the Member States which are exposed to geopolitical risks arising from third country interference in their information space, including through media financing; believes that the best viable antidote is a more robust media landscape with steady revenue streams; considers increased transparency to be important, and therefore welcomes the Media Ownership Monitor initiative;
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Stresses that it is essential to ensure and maintain the independence of private and public service media from political and economic interference, including from
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 15 a (new) — having regard to its resolution of 17 September 2020 on the cultural recovery of Europe (2020/2708(RSP)),
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Stresses that it is essential to ensure and maintain the independence of private and public service media from political and economic interference, including from external actors; acknowledges the specific situation Member States which are exposed to geopolitical risks arising from third country interference in their information space, including through media financing; believes that the best viable antidote is a more robust media landscape with steady revenue streams; considers increased transparency to be important, and therefore welcomes the Media Ownership Monitor initiative;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Stresses that in some Member States political parties use media as vehicles to disseminate disinformation, while in others conglomerates with a large media company use political parties to profit from politics; considers increased transparency and verification obligations as remedies to counteract these practices; welcomes initiatives such as the Media Ownership Monitor and the Media Pluralism Monitor;
Amendment 172 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Believes that the EU can contribute to ensuring that international media freedom standards are further strengthened both within and beyond the EU; believes that the Commission's forthcoming proposal on media freedom ("European Media Freedom Act") could aid such efforts;
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Underlines that the development of a robust and independent media landscape can be pursued through the complementarity with the actions foreseen under the European Democracy Action Plan by addressing the areas in which our systems and citizens are most vulnerable;
Amendment 174 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 b (new) 11 b. Is deeply concerned about state capture of the media in some Member States, driven by media market distortions and ownership concentration and the misuse of regulatory tools to build a government dependent media sector at the expense of critical, public interest journalism; believes this must be countered by a robust Rule of Law, judicial and regulatory independence and guarantees of media pluralism;
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Expresses concern about the disruptive trends created by
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Expresses concern about the disruptive trends created by the platforms, as they can undermine competition in the long term, and reduce opportunities for other actors; notes that such actions can create unfair competition conditions with an impact on independent production and distribution of audiovisual works; asks the Commission to monitor the situation closely and, if appropriate, take necessary action to make conditions for competition more equitable;
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Expresses concern about the disruptive trends created by the platforms, as they can undermine competition in the long term,
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Expresses concern about the disruptive trends created by the platforms, as they can undermine competition in the long term, and reduce opportunities for other actors, and especially local media; asks the Commission to monitor the situation closely and, if appropriate, take necessary action to make conditions for competition more equitable;
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Expresses concern about the disruptive trends created by the large platforms, as they can undermine competition in the long term, and reduce opportunities for other actors; asks the Commission to monitor the situation closely and, if appropriate, take necessary action to make conditions for competition more equitable;
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 15 b (new) — having regard to the Protocole on the system of public broadcasting in the Member States annexed to the Treaty establishing the European Community (Amsterdam Protocol, 10/11/1997),
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Encourages the Commission for an actve regulation of the big platforms with the new proposed Acts to allow a fair permanent discussion between the media that produce editorial contents and the platforms that used them by references in their searching, communicating and clouding services for individual, institutional and business users;
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Welcomes the progress made both at EU and OECD level in working out a
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13.
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Welcomes the progress made in working out a global solution to effectively taxing the digital economy, in particular the June 2021 tax agreement between the G7 countries, based on digital businesses paying tax according to their economic activities in each country; considers that these new sources of revenue should also be channelled by Member States to support their audiovisual and news media sectors;
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Welcomes the progress made in working out a global solution to effectively taxing the digital economy, based on digital businesses paying tax according to their economic activities in each country; considers that these new sources of revenue should be appropriately scoped to avoid double taxation and be channelled by Member States to support their audiovisual and
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Welcomes the progress made in working out a global solution to effectively taxing the digital economy, based on digital businesses paying tax according to their economic activities in each country, while avoiding double taxation; considers that these new sources of revenue should be channelled by Member States to support their audiovisual and news media sectors;
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13 a. Believes that to sustain investments in media and audiovisual content in the longer term, an effective level playing field of all actors on the market is vital; is of the opinion that many online platforms do not invest themselves in creative content nor in journalism and yet extract a large share of advertising revenues from foreign content they host, thus calls on the Commission to achieve a regulatory level playing field by ensuring European citizens are equally protected no matter what distribution means they choose to access content and information;
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13 a. Is of the opinion that the correct, complete and timely implementation of European legislation in favour of audiovisual and news media stakeholders, such as the 2019/790 Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market, and the 2018/1808/EU Directive on Audiovisual Media Services(AVMSD), is of key importance to ensure a level-playing field for European actors;
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to elaborate comprehensive European
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 16 a (new) Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to elaborate comprehensive European news
Amendment 191 #
14.
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to elaborate comprehensive
Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission to
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls on the Commission and Member States to elaborate comprehensive European news media and audiovisual sector strategies that will provide tailored support measures for the entire news media and audiovisual sectors;
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 – subparagraph 1 (new) Calls on Member States to properly implement Article 13.1. of the AVMSD that will ensure that media service providers of on-demand audiovisual media services under their jurisdiction secure at least 30 percent share of European works in their catalogues whilst also promoting it; highlights the importance of this for smaller cultural and linguistic markets, as it will boost cultural diversity in the broadest sense possible;
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14 a. Urges the Commission to take into account the specificities of the different types of media and definite a broad approach on media producers, including press publishers and focused on independent, cooperative nd exile media producers and public audio and audiovisual media;
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses the need for transformation in the news and other editorial media sector, including through building individual and collective skills for innovation and cooperation, also facilitating greater diversity in media leadership roles, the digitalisation of newsrooms, the uptake of artificial intelligence (AI) including machine translation and human adaptation, changes and improvements to content creation and presentation, as well as better distribution and subscription models, including micro-payments, support to European marketplaces to share content and data without depending on foreign actors; notes that the above require additional investment and skills that news and other editorial media sector players often lack,
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses the need for transformation in the news media sector, including through the digitalisation of newsrooms, the uptake of artificial intelligence (AI), changes and improvements to content creation and presentation, as well as better distribution and subscription models, including micro-payments; notes that the above require additional investment and skills that news media sector players often lack, especially those with small market share; calls on the Commission and the Member States to provide tailored support for the digital transformation of the sector; underlines the key role journalism education plays in addressing the new challenges and calls for more action designed to support journalism training;
Amendment 199 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses the need for transformation in the news media sector, including through the digitalisation of newsrooms, the uptake of artificial intelligence (AI), changes and improvements to content creation and presentation, as well as better distribution and subscription models, including micro-payments; notes that the above require additional investment and skills that news media sector players often lack, especially those with small market share; calls on the Commission and the Member States to provide tailored support for the digital transformation of the sector; in this regard calls on the Commission to earmark funding for transformation of the sector in Horizon Europe;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 a (new) — having regard to the Commission communication of 26 May 2021 to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions entitled ‘European Commission Guidance on Strengthening the Code of Practice on Disinformation’ (COM(2021)262),
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 16 a (new) — having regard to its resolution of 15 September2020 on effective measures to ‘green’ Erasmus+, Creative Europe and theEuropean Solidarity Corps (2019/2195(INI)),
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses the need for transformation in the news
Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses the need for transformation in the
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses the need for transformation in the entire news media sector, including through the digitalisation of newsrooms, the uptake of artificial intelligence (AI), changes and improvements to content
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Stresses the need for transformation in the
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15 a. Recalls that the Audiovisual Media Service Directive as revised in 2018, was due to be transposed into national law by September 2020; therefore, calls on all Member States to swiftly implement it in all its provisions and on the Commission to closely monitor developments in this regard;
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 b (new) 15 b. Welcomes the implementation, in close cooperation with ERGA, of a media literacy toolbox with practical application of the newmedia literacy obligations foreseen by the Audiovisual Media Service Directive (EU)2018/1808;
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 c (new) 15 c. Welcomes the proposal of a European Media Freedom Act, recently advanced by the European Commission, as a new tool to protect media freedom in Europe. Underlines that a European Media Freedom Act should look at the media not only as economic players, but also as a cornerstone of the European democracy; therefore, urges the Commission to develop an ambitious, robust and complete mechanism, founded on the current legislation, notably the Audiovisual Media Service Directive, to strengthen the EU’s capacity to monitor and sanction actions that would limit or harm media freedom;
Amendment 207 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Acknowledges the importance of independent freelance journalism
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Acknowledges the importance of independent freelance journalism and its potential for future growth due to lower entry costs and easier ways to reach
Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Acknowledges the importance of independent freelance journalism and its potential for growth due to lower entry costs and easier ways to reach an audience, facilitated by innovative publishing and payment solutions, which can improve the economic situation and working conditions for freelance professionals;
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 16 b (new) — having regard to Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC,
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Emphasises the importance of investigative journalism that is threatened by the high costs, and welcomes the Investigative Journalism for Europe (IJ4EU) fund, which established a viable method of channelling public funds to investigative journalism without compromising editorial independence;
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Stresses the necessity of taking measures to protect journalists, given their exposure in the digital environment; Encourages taking additional measures aiming to ensure a strong social security of journalists in terms of job stability and a fair income for their efforts;
Amendment 212 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to stabilize media freedom projects in order to prevent practices in the Member States that prevent journalists from reporting and researching, and to protect whistleblowers in a socially and legally sustainable manner;
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 b (new) 16 b. Underscores that urgent action is needed in particular to protect investigative journalists against the increasing use of vexatious lawsuits (SLAPPS) to intimidate and silence those ready to expose corruption;
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Underlines the added value of including the media sector in media and information literacy initiatives; believes that civil society organisations play a key role in fostering media literacy and asks therefore the Commission and Member States to include them as stakeholders in initiatives dedicated to promote journalism and media literacy;
Amendment 215 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17.
Amendment 216 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Underlines the added value of including the media sector in media and information literacy initiatives; which must be central to the educational policies of Member States and the European Union;
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17.
Amendment 218 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 Amendment 219 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17 a. Highlights that media literacy is always related to literacy in specific languages, so the efforts on promoting media literacy (including monitoring and actions) must be language-specific. This must include media literacy in regional and minority languages;
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 20 — having regard to the
Amendment 220 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Considers that in order to help spur competition, the EU also needs to promote the creation and growth of digital media start-ups through easier access to finance and a supportive framework that enables scalability; emphasizes the need for media education to be promoted in schools in order to ensure access to quality education and to develop digital and media skills from an early age; calls for support for media education programs and initiatives in universities;
Amendment 221 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Considers that in order to help spur competition, the EU also needs to promote the creation and growth of small and medium enterprises and digital media start-ups through easier access to finance and a supportive framework that enables scalability;
Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Considers that in order to help spur competition, the EU also needs to promote the creation and growth of digital media start-ups through easier access to finance and a supportive framework
Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Considers
Amendment 224 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18 a. Welcomes the announcement of the two yearly ‘Media Industry Report’, in order to explore media trends; underlines the need of considering language as a unit of analysis, beyond the global trends and the national spaces thus allowing the monitoring of trends that are affecting in different ways to different linguistic spaces, including both EU official languages and regional and minority languages;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Acknowledges that the existing creation and distribution models in the European audiovisual sector are largely based on territorial exclusivity
Amendment 226 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Acknowledges that the existing creation and distribution models in the European audiovisual sector are largely based on territorial exclusivity, and ownership of intellectual property rights by independent producers and creators; calls on the Member States and the Commission to pay particular attention to the right of authors to receive fair remuneration for the exploitation of their works, especially in the digital environment;
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Acknowledges that the existing creation and distribution models in the European audiovisual sector are largely based on territorial exclusivity, and ownership of intellectual property rights by independent producers and creators; encourages actions aimed to support digital content creators and to create opportunities and a fair digital environment for them so they can justly benefit from the revenue of their efforts;
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19.
Amendment 229 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Acknowledges that the existing creation and distribution models in the European audiovisual sector are largely
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 20 a (new) — having regard the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Service Act) and amending Directive 2000/31/EC (COM/2020/825 final),
Amendment 230 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19.
Amendment 231 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19.
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 – subparagraph 1 (new) Highlights the fact that VOD and TVOD currently dominate the audiovisual sector market; highlights the importance of territorial exclusivity and licensing rights for the survival and sufficient functioning of the audiovisual sector;
Amendment 233 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19 a. Calls at the same time to noticeably enhance European audiences by making content available across EU- borders on the basis of contractual freedom, such as through more comprehensive and efficient use of systems for extended collective licensing, where possible; a proactive offer of legal alternatives to access content in the whole EU that also remunerate creators and internalize the fact that progressive digitization is increasingly dissolving national borders is overdue in order to push back piracy;
Amendment 234 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. In this regard, welcomes Action 7 of the Media and Audiovisual Action Plan and is of the view that targeted measures to support co-
Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Is of the view that targeted co- production, translation and co-distribution could contribute to increasing the availability of diverse European audiovisual content; welcomes the investment done to promote European production and believes more effort needs to be made to distribute it through European platforms; acknowledges that, given the number of languages within the EU, subtitling is essential for the development of the sector; notes that despite the fact that there are no technical issues, the cost of subtitling is a constraint for the sector; asks Member States and Commission to take subtitling as a priority in order to help audiovisual content navigate in the European market;
Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Is of the view that targeted co- production, translation and co-distribution, subtitling and dubbing could contribute to increasing the availability of diverse European audiovisual content; notes with interest several innovative projects carried out by European public service media organisations in that regard, such as the ARTE European collection, the News Recommendation Box and ENTR;
Amendment 237 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Is of the view that targeted measures to support co-
Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20 a. Considers that more visibility should be given to EU programmes and initiatives aimed at promoting the circulation of high quality European works with international potential, such as Creative Europe MEDIA or the LUX Audience Award;
Amendment 239 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 b (new) 20 b. Recalls the adoption of the revision of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive, which requires the catalogues of VOD platforms operating in the EU to offer and promote 30% of European works; asks the Commission and the European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services (ERGA) to closely monitor the effective implementation of this measure, and to evaluate the success of its objective, in particular with regards to the definition of the “European works”;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 20 b (new) — having regard to the Proposal for the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on contestable and fair market in the digital sector (Digital Market Act) (COM/2020/842 final),
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Underlines that video on demand (VOD) platforms and other innovations are reshaping the audiovisual media landscape, and by extension creating challenges and also opportunities for incumbent players; notes that in many respects, an irreversible transformation is under way;
Amendment 241 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Underlines that video on demand (VOD) platforms and other innovations are reshaping the audiovisual media landscape, and by extension creating challenges and also opportunities for incumbent players; notes that in many respects, an irreversible transformation is under way, with, inter alia, creation of new markets; encourages the sector’s legacy players to
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Underlines that video on demand (VOD) platforms and other innovations are reshaping the audiovisual media landscape, and by extension creating challenges and also opportunities for incumbent players; notes that in many respects, a
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Underlines that video on demand (VOD)
Amendment 244 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Underlines that video on demand (VOD) platforms a
Amendment 245 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Underlines that video on demand (VOD) platforms and other innovations are reshaping the audiovisual media landscape, and by extension creating challenges and also opportunities for incumbent players; notes that in many respects, an irreversible transformation is under way; encourages the sector
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 – subparagraph 1 (new) Urges the Commission and Member States to create tools and support actions that pay attention to low audiovisual production capacity of some Member States; by encouraging investments to fulfil the VOD platform obligation to secure a 30 percent share of European works in their catalogue; notes that this is crucial for smaller cultural and linguistic markets within Member States;
Amendment 247 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21a. Notes that the weak regulation of the digital space has been exploited to disseminate content harmful to minors, particularly on video-sharing platforms; considers it important, therefore, to shield minors from harmful content on video- sharing platforms by ensuring full implementation of the current legal framework, and in particular the European Audiovisual Media Services Directive, through the introduction of financial penalties for platforms that do not comply with current obligations, the strengthening of judicial systems to effectively combat the offences identified and the promotion of coordinated preventive action by public and private stakeholders;
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Stresses the opportunities offered by the major non-European VOD platforms to European audiovisual creators and producers; is concerned, however, about the system of work-for- hire and buy-out contracts used by these companies, which tend to buy the intellectual property rights to a work in return for a one-off payment and thus profit from the revenue generated by the exploitation of these works; calls on the Commission to monitor this trend, in particular in the light of the 30% of European works required under the AVMS Directive, which could then be fulfilled with European works held by non-European companies;
Amendment 249 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Highlights that the Commission notices the huge impact of buy-out and work-for-hire contracts imposed by VOD platforms on European creators and independent rightsholders as "a significant problem" , however regrets that no follow-up action is proposed in this respect and therefore calls on the Commission to take concrete steps to prevent coercive practices that could endangers an adequate and proportionate remuneration of all creators.
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 21 a (new) — having regard to Regulation (EU) 2021/523 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 establishing the InvestEU programme,
Amendment 250 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Emphasizes the central role played by media to shape society’s perceptions, ideas, attitudes, and behaviour; Stresses the importance of fostering European media talents including through the development of new mentoring programmes and campaigns on diversity in front and behind the camera to improve representation of women and disadvantaged groups in society and encourage them to consider media careers;
Amendment 251 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Acknowledges that fair market competition between broadcasters and video on demand companies is paramount for the future existence of the sectors, as confirmed with the Audiovisual Media Services Directive; encourages the Commission to conduct a study on the impact of video on demand platforms on the European audiovisual market;
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Encourages the European Commission to look into the impact of VOD platforms on the European film and audiovisual market, in particular on the relationships between the different actors in the value chain;
Amendment 253 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Points to the lack of women in leadership positions and brings attention to the need to increase diversity within the media sector, including through programmes to encourage career in media;
Amendment 254 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 b (new) 21 b. Acknowledges that the environmental impact of the audio-visual sector is significant and there is a strong need to implement common tools and green standards to make the sector climate neutral; therefore, welcomes Action 6 of the Media and Audio-visual Action Plan, which should be able to support the development and sharing of best practices encompassing the whole value chain; highlights that such Action should also facilitate international collaborations in greening practices; underlines that environmental sustainability can be a key factor and asset in making the industry more competitive and more attractive to investment;
Amendment 255 #
21 b. Reiterates the need for tailored support, investment and public funding schemes that will help production, boost the circulation of European works in the European Union and beyond, and promote diverse European film across all distribution platforms, including cinemas, DVD, TV and online platforms;
Amendment 256 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 c (new) 21 c. Emphasises the necessity to promote synergies between different EU funding schemes with specific amounts dedicated to the entire news media and audiovisual sectors, such as Creative Europe, Horizon Europe, InvestEU and Digital Europe;
Amendment 257 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 d (new) Amendment 258 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Stresses the importance of reducing the audiovisual sector’s carbon footprint, especially at the production stage, which accounts for most CO2 emissions; notes that digital solutions such as virtual production techniques can facilitate this reduction; believes that the current MFF provides a unique opportunity for funding greening projects and reaching net zero emissions for the sector within this decade; calls on the Commission to conduct a study on the CO2 emissions across the value chain and elaborate targeted measures; invites the Commission to support exchange of the best practice in reducing carbon footprint;
Amendment 259 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Stresses the importance of reducing the audiovisual sector’s carbon footprint, especially at the production stage, which
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 22 a (new) — having regard to the Council conclusions on safeguarding a free and pluralistic media system of 18 November 2020,
Amendment 260 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22.
Amendment 261 #
22. Stresses the importance of reducing the audiovisual sector’s carbon footprint, especially at the production stage, which accounts for most CO2 emissions; notes that digital solutions such as virtual production techniques can facilitate this reduction; believes that the current MFF provides a unique opportunity for funding greening projects and reaching net zero emissions within this decade, Calls on the Commission to support exchanges of best practices and voluntary standards for the audiovisual sector;
Amendment 262 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Stresses the importance of reducing the audiovisual sector’s carbon footprint, especially at the production stage, which accounts for most CO2 emissions; notes that digital solutions such as virtual production techniques can facilitate this reduction; believes that the current MFF provides a unique opportunity for funding greening projects and reaching net zero emissions within this decade; underlines the need for VOD to offer more access to European made content;
Amendment 263 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Stresses the importance of reducing the audiovisual sector’s carbon footprint, especially at the production stage, which accounts for most CO2 emissions; notes that digital solutions such as virtual production techniques can facilitate this reduction; believes that the current MFF provides a unique opportunity for funding greening projects and reaching net zero emissions within this decade; calls on the Commission to accelerate this development;
Amendment 264 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. Considers that the audiovisual and media sector is in many ways a pioneer in the European ecological transition and could benefit from more exchange of best practices; welcomes therefore the European Commission's intention to produce a best practice guide for green production and provision of services;
Amendment 265 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Highlights that film literacy is particularly important for making younger audiences aware of European cultural diversity; considers it necessary to develop a film literacy toolkit; asks, therefore, the Commission and Member States to include European film literacy in the school curricula and to promote film literacy at all levels of education and through non-formal, informal and lifelong learning initiatives as well; considers that European cinemas have a role to play in film literacy schemes;
Amendment 266 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Highlights that film literacy is particularly important for making younger audiences aware of European cultural diversity and history; considers it necessary to develop a film literacy toolkit; recalls the specificities of the European cinematographic production and the cultural exception in this domain to preserve the quality production of the European continent;
Amendment 267 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Highlights that film literacy is particularly important for making younger audiences aware of European cultural diversity; notes that European creators, producers, distributors and cinema have a key role to play; considers it necessary to develop a film literacy toolkit;
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23 a. Emphasizes that audiovisual content dealing with the EU and its history, present and future, with aspects of the European integration process, with European stories and cultures, has a huge potential to create and increase the feeling of belonging and a common European identity especially among younger audiences, and to raise awareness of European cultural diversity; therefore calls on the Commission to encourage the production of such works by dedicated initiatives and funding;
Amendment 269 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Considers that increased financing for
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 22 b (new) — having regard to the Council conclusions on "Europe's media in the Digital Decade: An Action Plan to Support Recovery and Transformation" of 18 May 2021,
Amendment 270 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Considers that sustainable financing for digitisation, translation, subtitling and promoting the availability of Europe’s audiovisual and film heritage is necessary in order to make it more accessible, expresses its continuous support for the Lux Audience Award, and its recent expansion to the people´s vote as an instrument to increase the knowledge of the European public about the variety of the European cinema;
Amendment 271 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Considers that financing for digitisation and promoting the availability of Europe’s audiovisual and film heritage is necessary in order to make it more accessible; calls on the Commission to explore support options for audiovisual and film heritage under the Creative Europe programme;
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Considers that adequate financing for digitisation and promoting the availability of Europe’s audiovisual and film heritage is necessary in order to save it and to make it more accessible for a broader audience;
Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 – subparagraph 1 (new) Calls on the Commission to elaborate more comprehensive strategies for the European news media and audiovisual sectors and establish a regulatory level playing field to sustain investments in both sectors, including online platforms;
Amendment 274 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Calls on the Commission and Member States to further support the recovery and transformation of the entire news media and audiovisual sectors and to strengthen their resilience and market competitiveness in order to tackle future crises as effectively as possible; including financial and structural support for workers and SME's within the entire news media and audiovisual sectors;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Recital -A (new) -A. whereas the EU and Member States should put in place measures aiming at ensuring media is based on public values and is open, democratic, sustainable and inclusive in which more women, people from racial and ethnic minorities, migrants and refugees, as well as members of LGBTIQ+ communities and people with disabilities, occupy creative and decision-making positions;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the cultural and creative sectors, of which news media and audiovisual sectors are an integral part, have been among the hardest hit by the fallout from COVID-19, especially small and medium enterprises; whereas these sectors are also expected to recover at a more moderate pace than the general economy; whereas the major impact of the pandemic on those sectors has caused damages and significant losses in revenues, creating further uncertainties which accelerated their ongoing digital transition and highlighted their deep fragmentation;
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 a (new) — having regard to Directive (EU) 2018/1808 amending Directive 2010/13/EU on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services (Audiovisual Media Services Directive),
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the cultural and creative sectors, of which news media and audiovisual sectors are an integral part, have been among the hardest hit by the fallout from COVID-19; whereas these sectors are also expected to recover at a more moderate pace than the general economy; whereas COVID-19 has had different kinds of impact on the various actors of the media and audiovisual sector and industry, who are therefore facing different challenges; whereas these challenges therefore need to be addressed with global plans but also tailored measures to overcome this crisis;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the cultural and creative sectors, of which news media
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the cultural and creative sectors, of which publishing and news media and audiovisual sectors are an integral and vital part, have been among the hardest hit by the fallout from COVID- 19; whereas these sectors are also expected to recover at a more moderate pace than the general economy;
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the cultural and creative sectors, of which
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. whereas the film and audiovisual sector has suffered a massive loss of revenues – a drop of almost 70% in box office for cinemas and distributors, a drop of activity of 30% for the production and a total halt of coproductions, while facing an increase in operation costs because of new health and safety measures;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the pandemic has caused a sudden halt in advertising investments, which are an essential source of revenue for the overall sector; whereas, according to early estimates,
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas, according to early estimates, news and other editorial media saw its advertising revenues drop by 20 % to 80 %; whereas media organisations face liquidity issues;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas, according to early estimates, the entire news media sector saw its advertising revenues drop by 20 % to 80 %; whereas media organisations face liquidity issues;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas, according to early estimates,
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 b (new) — having regard to the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act) and amending Directive 2000/31/EC (COM/2020/825 final),
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. whereas cinemas have suffered a massive loss of revenues – €4 billion in 2020 – and are at the same time facing increased operating costs, which threatens their capacity to recover and challenges the financing and circulation of European films and culture; whereas cinemas are essential to our society, both culturally and economically; whereas 2019 was a record year for European cinemas, with over €5.8 billion at the box office and more than 830 million admissions in the EU alone; whereas in territories where cinemas have reopened, audiences are coming back in numbers similar to pre-Covid;
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. whereas the film industry, in its articulated value chain, has been severely impacted by the containment measures adopted in Europe; whereas cinemas across the European Union experienced a 69% drop in boxoffice in 2020, resulting in a total decrease of €4 billion in revenues compared to 20193a; _________________ 3ahttps://www.unic- cinemas.org/en/news/news- blog/detail/european-cinema-industry- sees-eur62-billion-box-office-drop-in- 2020/
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B b (new) B b. Whereas most EU countries are characterised by a high degree of market concentration with monopoly or oligopoly in the broadcasting sectors, oligopolies in newspaper industries and significant competition in magazine and book publishing; whereas these main players co-exist with a myriad of smaller news media operators focusing on local news or specialised in particular topics;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B b (new) B b. whereas, in addition to the effects of the pandemic, the media sector is also facing relevant challenges linked to the digital shift and its impact on the overall business model of the sector; whereas the media sector operates in different markets, with different degrees of vertical and horizontal concentration;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas quality, well-financed and independent
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas quality, well-financed and independent news and other editorial media and professional journalism are an essential pillar of democracy; whereas every effort must be made to increase media
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas quality, well-financed and independent news media and professional journalism are an essential pillar of democracy; whereas every effort must be made to increase media pluralism3
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas quality, well-financed and independent
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas the importance of independent, pluralistic and trustworthy media as guardian of democracy cannot be underestimated; whereas media freedom has been severely deteriorating over the past decade; whereas every effort must be undertaken to ensure robustness, economic and political independence of media and to increase media freedom and pluralism4a; _________________ 4a No EU country registers a low level of risk in the market plurality area according to ‘Monitoring Media Pluralism in the Digital Era’, p.50
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 c (new) — having regard to the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (Digital Markets Act) (COM/2020/842 final),
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas cinemas and film festivals play a central role in the European audiovisual ecosystem, particularly in terms of distribution but also regarding the viewing experience they provide to Europeans; whereas cinemas have suffered greatly from the closure of cultural venues and the social distancing measures that prevent them from operating at full capacity, if at all;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C b (new) C b. whereas further efforts must be undertaken to establish a safe, fair and competitive online environment which also safeguards citizen’ fundamental rights;
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C c (new) C c. whereas the media sector covers a variety of businesses that produce, broadcast and distribute content and whose value is based on intellectual property (IP);
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the audiovisual sector plays a vital part in fostering the resilience of our democratic societies; whereas the
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the audiovisual sector as well as the news and publishing sector play
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the news media and audiovisual sector
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the audiovisual sector plays a vital part in fostering the resilience of our democratic societies; whereas the news media and audiovisual sectors are mostly composed of SMEs; whereas the heterogeneity of these sectors is also one of its strengths, helping to promote and strengthen Europe’s cultural, linguistic, social and political diversity;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the audio and audiovisual sector plays a vital part in fostering the resilience of our democratic societies; whereas the heterogeneity of the sector is also one of its strengths, helping to promote and strengthen Europe’s cultural, linguistic, including regional or minority languages, social and political diversity;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the audiovisual sector plays a vital part in fostering the resilience of our democratic societies, cultural diversity or media pluralism; whereas the heterogeneity of the sector is also one of its strengths, helping to promote and strengthen Europe’s cultural, linguistic, social and political diversity;
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the audio and audiovisual sector plays a vital part in fostering the resilience of our democratic societies; whereas the heterogeneity of the sector is also one of its strengths, helping to promote and strengthen Europe’s cultural, linguistic, social and political diversity;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 d (new) — having regard to the Protocol on the system of public broadcasting in the Member States annexed to the Treaty establishing the European Community (Amsterdam protocol),
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas Member States experienced delays in the implementation of directive 2019/790 on Copyright and related right in the Digital Single Market, directive 2019/789 laying down rules on the exercise of copyright and related rights applicable to certain online transmissions of broadcasting organisations and retransmissions of television and radio programmes, and directive 2018/1808 on the Audiovisual Media Services due to the COVID-19 crisis; whereas Member States should take advantage of such delays to include in their implementation law bold solutions to address the challenges arising from the crisis or made even tougher by it in the European audiovisual sector, such as the remuneration of creators for the online exploitation of their works and the financial investment of global platforms in local production;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas the news media and the broadcasting sectors would each benefit from a more coherent and holistic approach; whereas the Commission announced its intention to table a Media Freedom Act; whereas this should build upon ongoing initiatives such as the Democracy Action Plan, the Media and Audiovisual Action Plan, the Digital Services Act, and the Digital Markets Act not focusing chiefly on new laws;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas the objective of the Plan should be to foster cultural, artistic and industrial diversity across the value chain to ensure recovery and sustainability of the film sector through artistic and industry autonomy for the purpose of providing audiences with culturally diverse content;
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas the Commission must promote both transformation of new business models of audio and audiovisual media using own online profiles to create a broader investigative and trustworthy media landscape and non profit media freedom inititaives in a substainable and intensive manner;
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas the sectoral strategy foreseen by the Media and Audiovisual Action Plan should be as holistic as possible, making full use of all potential leverage to encourage investments in the news and publishing sector as well as the audiovisual sector;
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D b (new) D b. whereas the palette of organisations and companies in the news media sector range from freelancers such as journalists or technical staff to public broadcasters and large media conglomerates with a high degree of vertical integration, small local and regional news media outlets, and a diverse range of non-profit associations;
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D b (new) D b. whereas the seriousness of the COVID-19 crisis, whose economic and social consequences are still unfolding, has reinforced the need for reliable, accurate and quality journalism that can inform citizens and foster their critical thinking;
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D c (new) D c. whereas territorial and exclusive licensing rights are vital for the film and audiovisual sector in order to preserve and guarantee their creativity, financing, freedom and long-term sustainability;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D c (new) D c. whereas the information and communication policies must take into account the accessibility of content for people with sensorial disabilities, in accordance with the different European directives;
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D d (new) D d. whereas actions foreseen under the Media and Audiovisual Action Plan should be implemented on the basis of two pillars: the revised Audiovisual Media Service Directive (EU)5a and the MEDIA programme, which further support the access to and availability of cinema and audio-visual works across Europe; _________________ 5aDirective (EU)2018/1808 amending Directive 2010/13/EU on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services (Audiovisual Media Services Directive);
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 e (new) — having regard the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the accessibility requirements for products and services of 27 March 2019,
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D d (new) D d. whereas nowadays communication spaces are being configured based on linguistic parameters more than territorial ones;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the fallout of the economic downturn, and strongly reiterates its call on the Commission and the Member States to increase support available for the news media and audiovisual sectors, and the cultural and creative sectors more broadly; considers that allocations for the news media and audiovisual sectors should be increased across various multiannual financial framework (MFF) programmes; calls on the Commission to strongly encourage Member States to increase support for the sectors via the Recovery and Resilience Fund and their national recovery plans; notes the sectors' need of EU's and Member States' support to fully recover from the pandemic, become more sustainable and continue their green and digital transition;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the fallout of the economic downturn, and strongly reiterates its call on the Commission and the Member States to increase support available for the
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the fallout of the economic downturn, and strongly reiterates its call on the Commission and the Member States to increase transparent support available for the news media and audiovisual sectors, and the cultural and creative sectors more broadly; considers that allocations for the media sector should be increased across various multiannual financial framework (MFF) programmes; underlines the need for transparent and open support mechanism in order to maintain the independence of the media;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the fallout of the economic downturn
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the fallout of the economic downturn, and strongly reiterates its call on the Commission and the Member States to increase support available for the news media and audiovisual sectors, and the cultural and creative sectors more broadly; considers that allocations for the media and audiovisual sector should be increased across various multiannual financial framework (MFF) programmes;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the fallout of the economic downturn, and strongly reiterates its call on the Commission and the Member States to increase support available for the
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Urges the European Commission to acknowledge the unique nature of Euranet Plus as an independent radio network that successfully bridges the information gap between the EU and its citizens by strengthening understanding of and promoting debate on all fields of EU policy-making; calls for a renewal of Euranet Plus’ current core funding in the form of a transitional grant agreement for at least two years, so that it may develop a long-term strategic plan that aims to develop the network further by the end of 2027 in view of extending its membership, geographic and linguistic coverage, preparing for the digital shift and investing in further improvements of its products and services;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Welcomes the development of an interactive tool to map various support instruments available at European level as well as at Member States level, including through the National Recovery and Resilience Plans; stresses that such an instrument should primarily facilitate access to funding opportunities by developing a user-friendly and straightforward interface and it should also offer proper technical support and assistance throughout the application process;
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Highlights the importance of the dual system of public and commercial media in Europe; calls on Member States to provide sustainable funding to public service media in order to secure the diverse European media landscape;
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 f (new) — having regard to the provisions of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of 1 March 1998, regarding the media,
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Welcomes the launch of the ‘NEWS’ initiative for the news and other editorial media sector, including the European News Media Forum; reiterates emphatically its repeated calls for the creation of a permanent European cultural and news media fund
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Welcomes the launch of the ‘NEWS’ initiative for the
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Welcomes the launch of the ‘NEWS’ initiative for the news
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Highlights that capacity building services that will complement the ‘NEWS’ initiative should also have a focus on local media outlets; welcomes the proposal to complement the initiative by establishing a European News Media Forum, which should be as inclusive as possible and lead to thorough discussions with the sectors on their ongoing transformations. Invites the Commission, based on the feedback of the sectors, to turn such initiative into a permanent one;
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Welcomes the creation of a tailor- made interactive tool helping media companies to access the EU funding opportunities; considers that smaller media organisation in particular could benefit largely from customised training and support;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Highlights the importance of the cross-sectoral strand in the Creative Europe programme, which for the first time provides for actions focused on the news media; considers, however, that the support is inadequate given the financial needs of the sector; calls on the Commission to increase financing to the news media sector under the cross- sectoral strand already within this programming period;
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Highlights the importance of the cross-sectoral strand in the Creative Europe programme, which for the first time provides for actions focused on the news media, under the NEWS brand, in analogy to MEDIA for film and broadcasting sectors;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Highlights the
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 9 a (new) — having regard to the European Council conclusions on Europe’s Media in the Digital Decade: an Action Plan to support recovery and transformation of 18 May 2021,
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Welcomes establishement of an equity-based pilot through InvestEU, that will be able to support the news media sector in innovative ways; calls on the Commission to provide this pilot with adequate financial means;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Recalls that Creative Europe MEDIA should balance funding between its different strands and that “traditional” players such as cinemas remain an essential part of the sector;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 b (new) 3 b. Recalls that access to support and the swift delivery of that support will be crucial to allow the sector to create and bring unique and divers stories to the European audiences for years to come;
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Acknowledges that some parts of the audio and audiovisual ecosystem are not covered by current support measures; invites the Commission to continue exploring tailored support schemes; urges particular attention be paid in all support actions to Member States with low audio and audiovisual production capacity to content that is produced in minority languages and content produced by groups that are underrepresented in the sector, such as women, people with disabilities, LGBTIQ+ people or people from minority groups including racial and ethnic minorities;
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Acknowledges that some parts of the audio and audiovisual ecosystem are not covered by current support measures; invites the Commission to continue exploring tailored support schemes; urges particular attention be paid in all support actions to Member States with low audio and audiovisual production capacity; invites to support especially the independet and investigative media whuch suffer from the crisis and the poltical will to silence them;
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Acknowledges that some parts of the audiovisual ecosystem are not covered by current support measures; invites the Commission to continue exploring tailored support schemes; urges particular attention be paid in all support actions to Member States with low audiovisual production capacity; underlines the benefits of sharing examples among Member States of best solutions provided to support the audiovisual ecosystem;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Acknowledges that some parts of the audiovisual ecosystem are not covered by current support measures; invites the Commission to continue exploring tailored support schemes for the news and publishing as well as the audiovisual sector; urges particular attention be paid in all support actions to Member States with low audiovisual production capacity;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Acknowledges that some parts of the audiovisual ecosystem are not covered by current support measures, especially those in support of local and regional media; invites the Commission to continue exploring tailored support schemes; urges particular attention be paid in all support actions to Member States with low audiovisual production capacity;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Acknowledges that some parts of the audiovisual ecosystem are not covered by current support measures; invites the
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4.
source: 693.773
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