2021/2064(INI) | [ParlTrack]

Motion for a resolution
Citation -1 (new)

— having regard to the Libyan Political Agreement of 17 December 2015,

Amendment 10 #

-i having regard to the HoR's nomination of 28 February 2022 of Fathi Bashagha as Prime Minister,

Amendment 100 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital J a (new)

J a. whereas in summer 2016 the EU through EUNAVFOR Operation Sophia started assisting the Libyan coastguards; whereas on 2 February 2017 Italy and Libya signed a memorandum of understanding for the provision of technical and financial assistance to the Libyan authorities with the aim to prevent migrants including refugees from reaching a place of safety and depriving them of their right to seek asylum; whereas on 3 February 2017 the European Council adopted the Malta Declaration on external aspects of migration; whereas since 2017 the number of people intercepted at sea and returned to Libya is over 82 000; whereas in 2021 the so-called Libyan coastguards — supported by Italy and the EU — captured 32,425 refugees and migrants at sea and returned them to Libya, being the highest figure on record, whereas according to the IOM during 2021, 2048 people died or disappeared at sea in the Mediterranean; whereas the 2015 report of the former UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants notes shortcomings in the EU’s approach to migration due to its lack of transparency and clarity, and to the weak status of many of the agreements reached in this framework, which in his view generally lack monitoring and accountability measures;

Amendment 101 #

David LEGA

Motion for a resolution
Recital J a (new)

J a. strongly encourage the Libyan authorities to increase its efforts to protect and promote human rights and to prevent any violations or abuses, in particular against women and children;

Amendment 102 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas ~~migrants, refugees and asylum seekers often~~Libya is a key point of transit and departure for migrants attempting to reach Europe, particularly from sub-Saharan Africa; whereas thousands of migrants and refugees fleeing the violence in Libya have lost their lives in attempting to cross the Mediterranean in order to reach Europe; whereas migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are among those suffering the most from the protracted conflict in Libya as they become victims of traffickers and are subjected to extreme violence, rape, arbitrary arrest, detention, extortion, kidnapping for blackmail and exploitation including by armed groups whom executive authorities have given law enforcement powers; whereas thousands have died in the attempt to cross the Mediterranean to reach Europe; whereas there has been substantive documentation, including by UN bodies, of violations of the principle of non- refoulement by the Libyan authorities, against the people attempting to escape Libya by sea;

Amendment 103 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas migrants, refugees and asylum seekers ~~often~~continue to become victims of traffickers and are subjected to violence, arbitrary arrest, detention, extortion, kidnapping for blackmail and exploitation including by armed groups whom the executive authorities have given law enforcement powers; whereas the UN report on the fact finding mission revealed worst abuses and found "reasonable grounds" to believe that crimes against humanity such as murder, torture, illegal detention, rape-women in the camps are forced to be raped in exchange for food- and other "inhumane acts" are being committed in camps in Libya;

Amendment 104 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas migrants, refugees and asylum seekers ~~often becom~~are victims of ~~traffickers and are subjected to violence,~~widespread and systematic human rights violations such as arbitrary arrest, detention, extortion, enslavement, kidnapping for blackmail and exploitation;

Amendment 105 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas migrants, refugees and asylum seekers often become victims of human traffickers and are subjected to violence, arbitrary arrest, detention, extortion, kidnapping for blackmail and exploitation;

Amendment 106 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas migrants, refugees and asylum seekers often become victims of traffickers and ~~are subjected to violence, arbitrary arrest, detention, extortion, kidnapping for blackmail and exploitation~~whereas cooperation on border control should be enhanced to prevent illegal crossings into Europe;

Amendment 107 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas migrants, refugees and asylum seekers ~~often become victims of traffickers and ar~~are reported to often be subjected to violence, arbitrary arrest, detention, human trafficking, extortion, kidnapping for blackmail and exploitation;

Amendment 108 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)

K a. whereas the Amnesty International report published already on 15 July 2021 denounced the most serious human rights violations in Libya, stating that the European Union was largely to blame for the conditions in the camps, claiming that the conditions are "not an accident, but the deliberate result of a system supported by the EU", which aims to prevent people from fleeing across the Mediterranean "at all costs, and that the EU is undermining the requirement under international law to bring people in distress to a safe harbour; whereas thousands have died in the attempt to cross the Mediterranean to reach Europe; whereas there has been substantive documentation –including by UN bodies--of violations of the principle of non-refoulement by the Libyan authorities, against the people attempting to escape Libya by sea;

Amendment 109 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)

K a. whereas the EU Border Assistance Mission in Libya (EUBAM) supports the Libyan authorities in developing border management and security at the country's land, sea and air borders; whereas as a civilian crisis management mission with a capacity-building mandate, EUBAM assists Libyan authorities at the strategic and operational levels through advising, training and mentoring Libyan counterparts in strengthening the border services in accordance with international standards and best practices, and by advising the Libyan authorities on the development of a national Integrated Border Management (IBM) strategy; whereas EUBAM Libya has been extended until June 30, 2023;

Amendment 11 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation -1 j (new)

-j having regard to the HoR and High State Council negotiations in Cairo in June 2022,

Amendment 110 #

Maria ARENA, Pierfrancesco MAJORINO

Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)

K a. whereas on 15 January 2021, Operation EUNAVFOR IRINI and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency signed a working arrangement whereby the two entities will, inter alia, exchange information about criminal activities; whereas the information collected by operation IRINI and Frontex are to be shared with all competent Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres (MRCC) of the area, namely the Italian, Maltese and Tunisian MRCCs, as well as the Libyan MRCC and the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre, financed by the EU and operated by the Libyan Coastguard and Navy (LCG&N);

Amendment 111 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)

K a. whereas the proliferation of small arms, light weapons and abandoned ammunition stockpiles increases the instability due to diversion both within Libya and across its borders, significantly affecting regional and local security as local armed groups gain access to these weapons especially in the Sahel region;

Amendment 112 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)

Ka. whereas, given that Turkey is already using migrants as a means of blackmailing Europe, strengthening Europe's focus on Libya is a priority in order to prevent Turkey from also using the migration routes that transit Libya for its own geopolitical gain;

Amendment 113 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)

K a. whereas thousands of people have lost their lives in the attempt to cross the Mediterranean to reach Europe; whereas people intercepted by the Libyan Coast Guard and disembarked after rescue at sea are often placed in immigration detention and subject to human rights violations;

Amendment 114 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)

K a. whereas the EU Emergency Trust Fund to Africa in Libya has substantially contributed to the voluntary return of migrants to their countries of origin and provided support for their reintegration;

Amendment 115 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)

K a. whereas Libya’s civil society must play a key role in determining its future;

Amendment 116 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K b (new)

K b. whereas, following one of the outcomes of the international conference in Berlin to effectively implement the UN arms embargo on Libya on 17 February, the Foreign Affairs Council of the European Union decided to launch a new CSDP (Common Security and Defence Policy) Operation in the Mediterranean focused on the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions on the arms embargo on Libya, while closing Operation SOPHIA; whereas the Operation, named EUNAVFOR MED was thus launched on 31 March 2020 and extended to 31 March 2023; whereas its core task is the implementation of the UN arms embargo on Libya through the use of aerial, satellite and maritime assets, whereas the mission is, in particular, mandated to carry out inspections of vessels on the high seas off the coast of Libya suspected to be carrying arms or related material to and from Libya in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 2292 (2016) in addition to monitoring violations perpetrated via aerial and land routes; whereas on 18 July 2022 IRINI has intercepted a ship carrying 140 armoured vehicles to Benghazi, which constitutes a blatant violation of the arms embargo; whereas as far as supplies to the west are concerned, Turkey is still opposed to any cooperation with IRINI and refuses vessels inspections; whereas, as secondary tasks, EUNAVFOR MED IRINI monitors and gathers information on illicit exports from Libya of petroleum, crude oil and refined petroleum products, contributes to the capacity building and training of the Libyan Coast Guard and Navy, contributes to the disruption of the business model of human smuggling and trafficking networks through information gathering and patrolling by planes;

Amendment 117 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K b (new)

K b. whereas in the first week of July mass protest against all the political entities took place in many Libyan cities, including Tripoli, Tobruk, Benghazi and Misrata, triggered by the dire living circumstances and the ongoing postponement of elections;

Amendment 118 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K b (new)

Kb. whereas Libya is the main country of departure on the Central Mediterranean migration route;

Amendment 119 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K b (new)

K b. whereas there are still more than 160,000 internally displaced people that lack sufficient protection and assistance;

Amendment 12 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation -1 k (new)

-k having regard to the Joint Declaration by France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States of America on the roadmap of 24 June 2022 that ask the HoR and The High State Council to urgently finalise the legal bases for a credible, inclusive, transparent presidential and parliamentary elections as soon as possible,

Amendment 120 #

K c. whereas women and children are disproportionately affected by the ongoing conflict and are at high risk of exploitation, trafficking, sexual and gender-based violence and unlawful detention;

Amendment 121 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K d (new)

K d. whereas sexual and gender-based violence is widespread and fuelled by impunity; whereas survivors of sexual violence often marginalised and stigmatised by their families and communities; whereas the domestic legal framework does not properly provide for the protection of survivors of sexual violence;

Amendment 122 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L

L. whereas the ~~report of the~~ UN Independent Fact- Finding Mission on Libya concluded ~~that the abuses and inhumane acts committed in Libya may constitute crimes against humanity and war crime~~in its reports that it has reasonable grounds to believe that crimes against humanity and war crimes have and are still being committed in Libya; whereas on 8 July 2022 the United Nation Human Rights Council renewed the mandate of the mission for a final, non-extendable period of nine months to present its concluding recommendations;

Amendment 123 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L

L. whereas the report of the UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya concluded that the abuses and inhumane acts committed in Libya may constitute crimes against humanity and war crimes and should therefore not go unpunished;

Amendment 124 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L a (new)

L a. whereas organized people smuggling gangs benefit from so called rescue services by NGOs who aid illegal entry into Europe by providing de-facto taxi services from just outside the Libyan coast to European harbours and thus help violent gangs make millions in profit by offering mostly African migrants a passage to Europe; emphasizes that these so called rescuers are a significant pull factor attracting more migrants to Europe by making passage easier;

Amendment 125 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L a (new)

L a. whereas the historic development of Libya, the divide between its three historic provinces and the deep rifts after years of civil war clearly demonstrate that the stabilisation of Libya as a centralised state is next to impossible; whereas historically the municipalities and various tribal groups are key to ensure a proper governing of Libya;

Amendment 126 #

Emmanouil KEFALOGIANNIS, Vangelis MEIMARAKIS, Stelios KYMPOUROPOULOS, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI, Anna-Michelle ASIMAKOPOULOU, Theodoros ZAGORAKIS, Loucas FOURLAS, Lefteris CHRISTOFOROU

Motion for a resolution
Recital L a (new)

La. whereas Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine has, perilously, put a brake on the shipment of wheat and other food products that are essential for feeding the peoples of North Africa, and whereas in the past food shortages have already created situations of dangerous instability in that area;

Amendment 127 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L a (new)

L a. whereas the Turkey-Libya Memorandum of Understanding on the delimitation on maritime jurisdictions in the Mediterranean Sea infringes upon the sovereign rights of Third States does not comply with Law of the Sea and cannot produce any legal consequences for Third States;

Amendment 128 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L a (new)

L a. whereas the international community has to increase its attention to Libya, deploring that the United Nations' lack to appoint a new Special Envoy for Libya, while the division between the two rival governments increases the crisis;

Amendment 129 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L b (new)

Lb. whereas in recent years the presence of Salafist-jihadi armed organisations in sub-Saharan Africa has grown owing to the gradual spread of Islamic State on the African continent and the well-established presence of groups affiliated with al-Qaeda, and whereas this makes the Central Sahel one of the areas most exposed to the development of jihadist insurgencies, with a risk of jihadi infiltration via the migratory flows transiting Libya;

Amendment 13 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 a (new)

— having regard to the Joint Declaration by France, Germany, Italy, the United-Kingdom and the United States of America on the roadmap of 24 June 2022,

Amendment 130 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L b (new)

L b. whereas Libya is the country with the largest oil reserves in Africa, is a member of OPEC and one of its main suppliers to world markets; whereas oil resources became the target of political fights; whereas gaining power over shipments, ports or oil fields enables profits for certain political factions; whereas frequent interruptions in supplies caused by civil wars and protests cause a decrease in revenues to the state budget;

Amendment 131 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L b (new)

L b. whereas forces loyal to Marshal Khalifa Haftar closed wells and terminals, cutting the country's production by 40%, in order to weaken the local government of Abdel Hamid Dbeibah in Tripoli; whereas in July 2022 an agreement was reached between representatives of Abdul Hamid al-Dbeibeh and Khalifa Haftar, to reopen the oil fields and to integrate in their control the members of the Benghazi government;

Amendment 132 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L b (new)

L b. Whereas, migrant vessels, according to the Commission’s EPSC Strategic Notes data of SAR operations, for the years 2014, 2015, and 2016, depict an evolution of SAR operations, shifting away from the Italian coast to waters closer to Libya and from scattered to highly concentrated retrievals, indicating a degree of collusion between migrants, smugglers and SAR operators.

Amendment 133 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L c (new)

L c. whereas in November 2019 the Tripoli Government signed with Turkey a Memorandum of Understanding on the delimitation of maritime jurisdictions; whereas it infringes upon the sovereign rights of third states, does not comply with the Law of the Seas and cannot produce any legal consequences for third states, as stated in the European Council Conclusions of 12 December 2019;

Amendment 134 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L d (new)

L d. whereas the Conclusions of the Second Berlin Conference on Libya of June 23, 2021 stated that all foreign forces and mercenaries had to be withdrawn from Libya without delay; whereas this statement was endorsed by countries such as Russia and Turkey who have a military presence in Libya;

Amendment 135 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L e (new)

L e. whereas instability in Libya is extreme following fighting in Tripoli between Misrata's militias and local militias loyal to Prime Minister Abdel Hamid Dbeibah and Misrata's militias loyal to the Prime Minister, appointed by the Parliament of Tobrouk Fathi Bachagha;

Amendment 136 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a

(a) ensure a UN-led and Libyan-owned inclusive national reconciliation process is given the strongest support possible in order to deliver longer-term stability and security and lay the foundations for a peaceful and democratic transition that involves all Libyan stakeholders; recall the instrumental role the EU and its member States could play to support nation-wide, inclusive and collaborative efforts to achieve the desired political transition; underline that the EU and its Member States have a fundamental interest in helping the Libyan people restore faith in their political system; stress that all political factions, without exception, face serious corruption allegations;

Amendment 137 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a

Amendment 138 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a

Amendment 139 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a

Amendment 14 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 2 a (new)

— having regard to the Declaration of the Paris International Conference for Libya of 12 November 2022,

Amendment 140 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a

(a) ensure ~~a UN~~that a Libyan-led and Libyan-owned inclusive national reconciliation process supported by the United Nations, is given the strongest support possible in political and financial terms in order to deliver longer-term stability and security and lay the foundations for a peaceful and democratic transition that involves all Libyan stakeholders and especially its civil society components;

Amendment 141 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a

Amendment 142 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a

Amendment 143 #

Maria ARENA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a

(a) ensure a UN-led and Libyan-owned inclusive national reconciliation process, where women are included and can play a prominent role, is given the strongest support possible in order to deliver longer- term stability and security and lay the foundations for a peaceful and democratic transition that involves all Libyan stakeholders;

Amendment 144 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a a (new)

(a a) urgently recognise the increasingly unstable and dangerous situation around Tripoli that built up over the past months; swiftly increase efforts to mediate between the different Libyan fractions and recognise that no stable Libyan future is possible if actors within Libya continue to oppose each other militarily;

Amendment 145 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a a (new)

(a a) invite the EU and its Member States to step up their efforts and have an instrumental role to support nation-wide, inclusive and collaborative efforts to achieve the desired political transition; stress that it is in the EU's security interest to reach stability in the region;

Amendment 146 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b

(b) continue to cooperate closely with UNSMIL and actively support the renewal of its mandate; stress that, given the current political impasse, the continuation of UN- backed negotiations on a roadmap for free, fair and credible elections remains vital; ~~evaluate the feasibility of~~calls on the EU and its Member States to jointly with the UN, focus diplomatic efforts on putting collective sustained pressure on political actors in Libya and relevant partners in the region to accept a new electoral roadmap led by UNSMIL under the framework provided by the Berlin process and the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum and refrain from accommodating Libyan political forces and regional powers involved; stresses that elections in Libya shall not be a mere box-ticking exercise and that mistakes made during the previous preparation of elections, such as a missing legal basis for elections and the absence of vetting criteria for candidates, need to be avoided; calls on the EU and its Member States to help create the necessary conditions in which free, fair and safe elections can take place, including measures and precautions for peaceful transfer of power; envisage the deployment of an EU electoral observation mission to monitor the electoral process;

Amendment 147 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b

Amendment 148 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b

Amendment 149 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b

Amendment 15 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 3 a (new)

— having regard to the EU Emergency Trust Fund to Africa in Libya,

Amendment 150 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b

(b) continue to cooperate closely with UNSMIL and actively support ~~the renewal of its mandate~~a substantial prolongation of its mandate beyond 31 October 2022 in order to effectively contribute to the constitutional process and the organisation of elections, implement the ceasefire, monitor human rights issues and offer technical assistance to the Libyan institutions; stress that, given the current political impasse, the continuation of UN- backed negotiations on a roadmap for free, fair and credible elections remains vital; evaluate the feasibility of the deployment of an EU electoral observation mission to monitor the electoral process;

Amendment 151 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b

(b) ~~continue to cooperate closely with UNSMIL and actively support the renewal of its mandate~~welcome the renewal of the mandate of UNSMIL through 31 October 2022 and actively support the renewal of its mandate for at least one year while continuing to cooperate closely with the UN mission; stress that, given the current political impasse, the continuation of UN- backed negotiations on a roadmap for free, fair and credible elections remains vital; ~~evaluate the feasibility of the deployment of an~~stand ready to deploy EU electoral observation missions to support and monitor the electoral process before and during elections;

Amendment 152 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b

Amendment 153 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b

Amendment 154 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b a (new)

(b a) overcome the current vacuum of international diplomacy and lack of engagement by the international community; actively engage with international actors by increasing efforts to mediate and reach a unified international strategy towards a peaceful, stable, unified and prosperous Libya; consider hosting another Libya conference, and foster so-called “Track 2” diplomatic efforts;

Amendment 155 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point c

(c) step up EU diplomatic efforts to restore peace, stability and security in the country, and ensure that the Member States speak with one voice; to this end, nominate, as a matter of priority, an EU special representative for Libya to support the dialogue and facilitate long term sustainable resolution; step up cooperation between the EU and its Member States with Libyan authorities in order to mitigate consequences of irregular migration, human trafficking and smuggling of illicit weapons and cultural goods and prevent violent extremism to preserve security and stability on the southern European external borders;

Amendment 156 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point c

(c) step up EU diplomatic efforts to restore peace and security in the country, and ensure that the Member States speak with one voice; ~~to this end, nominate, as a matter of priority, an EU special representative for Libya~~encourage the creation of an EU-Libya contact group in order to internally discuss and agree upon a single EU policy towards Libya; to this end, nominate, as a matter of priority, an EU special representative for Libya; who must truly shape and upgrade the EU policy and not simply represent the lowest common denominator;

Amendment 157 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point c

(c) step up EU diplomatic efforts both in international fora and in the existing ad hoc bodies, such as the Berlin Process, to restore peace and security in the country in a long-lasting way, and ensure that the Member States act jointly and coherently, and speak with one voice; to this end, nominate, as a matter of priority, an EU special representative for Libya;

Amendment 158 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point c

(c) step up EU diplomatic efforts to restore peace and security in the country, and ensure that the Member States speak with one voice; to this end, nominate, as a matter of priority, an EU special representative for Libya; ensure that representatives of the EU its Member States are at the disposal of all parts of the Libyan civil society;

Amendment 159 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point c

(c) ~~step up~~continue EU diplomatic efforts to restore peace and security in the country, and ~~ensure that the Member States speak with one vo~~support efforts to bring perpetrators of war crimes to justice; to this end, nominate, as a matter of priority, an EU special representative for Libya;

Amendment 16 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 4 a (new)

— having regard to the Foreign Affairs Council (FAC) of 15 November 2021 and 13 December 2021 adopting a legal framework for sanctions against the ‘Wagner Group’ and individuals and companies which cooperate with that network and that are responsible for serious human rights abuses or destabilising activities in Libya and other countries,

Amendment 160 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point c a (new)

(ca) increase checks along the routes taken by migrants to prevent Islamic terrorists, who are now active in parts of North Africa, from reaching Europe;

Amendment 161 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point c a (new)

(c a) support current and future return and readmission agreements between the European Union and its Members States, and Libya, including bilateral status and informal agreement;

Amendment 162 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point c b (new)

(c b) maintain diplomatic channels with partner countries invested in Libya, including countries in North Africa to ensure an environment that enables dialogue and prospects of a peaceful future; Or.

Amendment 163 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point d

(d) reinforce the call made during the Berlin Conferences in 2019 and 2020 as well as the Paris International Conference for Libya of 12 November 2021 for all mercenaries, foreign fighters and foreign forces to withdraw from Libyan territory; urges Russia, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey to comply with that call, to immediately stop sending mercenaries to Libya and to withdraw those currently present in the country; calls on the HR/VP and EU Member States to sanction Russian military instructors and mercenaries and affiliated radical armed groups in Libya who have repeatedly participated in and enabled serious violations of international law with impunity, and represent a threat to stability in Libya and the region; calls on all Libyan authorities to end all relationships with private military and security companies;

Amendment 164 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point d

(d) reinforce the call made during the Paris International Conference for Libya of 12 November 2021 for all mercenaries, foreign fighters and foreign forces to withdraw from Libyan territory; closely monitor the activities of foreign actors, in particular the Russian Wagner Group which continues to exploit Libya and is gaining further strength in Libya’s East; recognise that certain foreign actors such as in particular Russia are not interested in a stable and prosperous Libya but are simply pursuing their own interests in Libya, which further complicates finding a viable long-term solution to a stable, peaceful and prosperous Libya;

Amendment 165 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point d

(d) reinforce the call made during the Paris International Conference for Libya of 12 November 2021 for all mercenaries, foreign fighters and foreign forces to withdraw from Libyan territory; and the need to establish interposition forces after the withdrawal of Turkish and Russian military units; deeply regrets the fact that no foreign fighters have moved out of the country since;

Amendment 166 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point d

(d) reinforce the call made during the Paris International Conference for Libya of 12 November 2021 for all mercenaries, foreign fighters and foreign forces to withdraw from Libyan territory; call on other international actors to refrain from fuelling tensions and fights through direct and sponsored military intervention;

Amendment 167 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point d

(d) reinforce the call made during the Paris International Conference for Libya of 12 November 2021 for all mercenaries, foreign fighters and foreign forces, particularly including the Wagner Group, to withdraw from Libyan territory;

Amendment 168 #

Emmanouil FRAGKOS, Lars Patrick BERG, Susanna CECCARDI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point d

(d) reinforce the call made during the Paris International Conference for Libya of 12 November 2021 for all mercenaries, foreign fighters, Islamic terrorists and foreign forces to withdraw from Libyan territory;

Amendment 169 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point d a (new)

(d a) demand the annulment of Libya's Memoranda of Understanding with Turkey, which violates International Law;

Amendment 17 #

Emmanouil FRAGKOS, Lars Patrick BERG, Susanna CECCARDI

Motion for a resolution
Citation 4 b (new)

— having regard to the reports, press releases and the allegation letters of the UN Working Group on mercenaries, in particular of 24 March 2021, and of 27 October 2021,

Amendment 170 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point d b (new)

(d b) encourage the delimitation of Libya's maritime zones in full compliance with International Law;

Amendment 171 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point e

(e) increase support to the Libyan authorities for the implementation of a comprehensive security sector reform and in the area of disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration policies for armed groups;deleted

Amendment 172 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point e

(e) increase support ~~to the Libyan authorities~~ for the implementation of a comprehensive security sector reform and in the area of disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration policies for armed groups; such a strategy should establish a specialised technical committee for the vetting of members of armed groups and organise their disbandment and individual reintegration, disarmament and rehabilitation; neither design nor implementation of the Security Sector Reform (SSR) strategy should be entrusted to regional parties who are not viewed as neutral by key stakeholders;

Amendment 173 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point e

(e) increase support to ~~the Libyan authorities~~Libya aimed at the long-term goal of disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) of the numerous militias, and for the implementation of a comprehensive security sector reform and in the area of disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration policies for armed groups;

Amendment 174 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point e

Amendment 175 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point e

(e) increase support to the Libyan authorities for the establishment a unified Libyan army and for the implementation of a comprehensive security sector reform and in the area of disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration policies for armed groups;

Amendment 176 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point e

(e) ~~increase~~continue to support to the internationally recognised Libyan authorities for the implementation of a comprehensive security sector reform and in the area of disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration policies for armed groups;

Amendment 177 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point e

Amendment 178 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point e a (new)

(e a) urge Libyan authorities to accede to the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention and the Cluster Munitions Convention; allocate adequate EU funds to projects aimed at removing landmines and other unexploded ordnances, at providing mine risk education and at supporting mine victims, in order to prevent future accidents and enable sustainable economic and social development;

Amendment 179 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point e a (new)

(e a) condemn the recent violent clashes in Tripoli, which after a relatively calm period over the past two years, may lead to a new wave of hostilities;

Amendment 18 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 4 c (new)

— having regard to the Montreux document on pertinent international legal obligations and good practices for States related to operations of private military and security companies during armed conflict,

Amendment 180 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point f

(f) ~~prov~~act quickly to avoide the ~~Libyan authorities with~~complete collapse of Libya, rebuilding the State with its sovereign tools, such as reliable administration, a police and integrated army, pressing the two rival governments, as well as the respective supporters, to reestablish a reunited Government of National Unity and then for the European Union and the international community to provide the technical assistance it~~hey~~ needs to enact a comprehensive reform of the judiciary sector aiming to dismantle the structural impunity that prevails in the country and pave the way for sustainable reconciliation and peace; increasing the support to that Libyan Government for the implementation of a comprehensive security sector reform in the area of disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration policies for armed groups; underlining the importance of providing full employment to Libyan fighters in order to discourage them from further assisting political figures;

Amendment 181 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point f

(f) provide the Libyan authorities with the technical assistance they need to enact a comprehensive reform of the judiciary sector aiming to dismantle the structural impunity that prevails in the country and pave the way for sustainable reconciliation and peace; to this end, strengthen engagement with Libyan authorities focusing on supporting national accountability efforts and, whereas they appear unwilling or unable to carry out investigations or prosecutions of crimes that fall under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, support the referral to the Court;

Amendment 182 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point f

(f) provide the ~~Libyan authorities with~~ the technical assistance they need to enact a comprehensive reform of the judiciary sector aiming to dismantle the structural impunity that prevails in the country and pave the way for sustainable reconciliation and peace; consider the imposition of additional targeted restrictive measures, including through the use of the EU Global Human Rights Sanction Regime (GHRSR), on persons and entities committing violations against human rights defenders, members of civil society and the national judiciary, notably radical and repressive armed groups;

Amendment 183 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point f

(f) provide ~~the~~ Libya~~n authorities~~ with the technical assistance it~~hey~~ needs to enact a comprehensive reform of the judiciary sector aiming to dismantle the structural impunity that prevails in the country and pave the way for sustainable reconciliation and peace;

Amendment 184 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point f a (new)

(f a) support efforts to ensure accountability for the war crimes committed in Libya since the conflict, including violations of international humanitarian law, the recruitment and direct participation of children in hostilities, enforced disappearances, extrajudicial killings and other forms of violence against vulnerable populations;

Amendment 185 #

Maria ARENA, Pierfrancesco MAJORINO

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point f a (new)

(f a) consider the imposition of additional targeted restrictive measures, including through the use of the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime, on persons and entities whose actions caused serious violations of human rights and freedoms and threaten the rule of law;

Amendment 186 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point f a (new)

(f a) address the impact of diversion of small arms, light weapons and ammunition to the illicit market on human security and regional stability, including by supporting Weapon and Ammunition Management and Security Sector Reform at the national and regional levels;

Amendment 187 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point f a (new)

(fa) increase the resources for projects to train the Libyan Coast Guard in policing and counteracting human trafficking in the Mediterranean as part of the measures to address irregular migration;

Amendment 188 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point f a (new)

(f a) ensure the upholding of the UN arms embargo on Libya and of Council Common Position2008/944/CFSP, including through arms transfers to third countries directly involved in the conflict in Libya;

Amendment 189 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point g

(g) step up efforts within the EWG to call on ~~the~~ Libya~~n authorities~~ to ensure a fair, inclusive, transparent and sustainable redistribution of oil revenues by pursuing a vision of shared economic prosperity for all people in the country; recognise that the current practice of pillaging the resources and distributing them to one’s own supporters is one of the root problems of Libya and must hence be overcome;

Amendment 19 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 7

— having regard to the UN resolution entitled ‘Transforming our World – the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’ adopted at the UN Sustainable Development Summit on 25 September 2015 in New York (the UN 2030 Agenda),deleted

Amendment 190 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point g

(g) step up efforts within the EWG to call on the Libyan authorities to ensure fair, transparent, inclusive and sustainable redistribution of oil revenues by pursuing a vision of shared economic prosperity for all people in the country; stresses that the export of Libyan natural resources to Europe may serve as an important and much needed source to diversify Europe's independence from Russian oil and gas;

Amendment 191 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point g

(g) call upon all actors to refrain from using oil as an instrument of political confrontation and step up efforts within the EWG to call on the Libyan authorities to ensure fair, inclusive and sustainable redistribution of oil revenues by pursuing a vision of shared economic prosperity for all people in the country;

Amendment 192 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point g

(g) call for the opening of wells and oil terminals; step up efforts within the EWG to call on bothe Libyan authorities to ensure fair, inclusive and sustainable redistribution of oil revenues by pursuing a vision of shared economic prosperity for all people in the country;

Amendment 193 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point g a (new)

(g a) support Libya’s economic institutions, reinforce the country’s economic governance, and promote economic diversification;

Amendment 194 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point g b (new)

(g b) provide Libyan authorities with the necessary technical assistance to support Libya in its transition to a sustainable and climate-neutral economy in order to limit the risks posed by climate change that are severely affecting the country, in line with the external dimension of the European Green Deal and the Paris Agreement;

Amendment 195 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point g c (new)

(g c) ensure that all EU and Member States’ bilateral agreements or measures of cooperation with Libya are consistent with international and EU laws;

Amendment 196 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

Amendment 197 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

(h) support the valuable work of the EU Border Assistance Mission in Libya and the European Union Naval Force Mediterranean operation Irini, two common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions and operations, in contributing to sustainable peace, security and stability, in particular through their support for the implementation of the arms embargo imposed on Libya by the UN Security Council; renew, if necessary, the mandate of these two common security and defence policy missions in order to contribute to; support IRINI key role in the implementation of the arms embargo on Libya imposed by the UN; call for transparent communication from the EEAS on the repeatedly denied permission to carry out inspections, even on Turkish vessels, which is still opposed to any cooperation with IRINI and refuses vessels inspections; call on Member States to urgently fulfil their commitments, as EUNAVFOR MED currently has very limited resources which severely limits its capabilities; ask NATO, which is active in the region through Operation Sea Guardian, to collaborate effectively through more cohesive cooperation or the sharing of information and resources; enhance public communication about the mission and its boardings, friendly approaches and inspections, as well as the refusals it has received; continue to support the positive efforts of the EU Planning and Liaison Cell (EULPC) in providing security, intelligence and planning expertise to EU actors in Brussels and on the ground or at sea (EU Delegation, EUBAM, EUNAVFOR MED) and to the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL); carry on the EU support with a view to contributing improving the security conditions on the ground, including by preventing terrorists, human traffickers and armed groups from carrying out cross- border activities; guarantee that all activities carried out or facilitated by these two missions respect human rights and are in line with international and EU laws, in particular the principle of non-refoulement; conduct and provide Parliament ~~with regular human rights impact assessments of all their activities;~~ ' subcommittee on Security and Defence with regular impact assessments of all their activities; recommends that the EEAS initiates an evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of EUBAM; encourage the deployment of members of the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Libya (EUBAM Libya) to Tripoli, from where the mission will conduct its activities; proposes that this mission, conducted with a view to assisting the Libyan authorities in the field of border management to dismantle organized criminal networks involved in the smuggling of migrants, trafficking in human beings and terrorism, continue to explore, within the framework of a regional strategy, the possibilities of supporting the development, under the aegis of the Union, of the border management capacities of the Sahel States, in conjunction with the CSDP missions in the Sahel, in particular EUCAP Sahel Niger;

Amendment 198 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

(h) support the ~~valuable work of the EU Border Assistance Mission in Libya and~~core task of the European Union Naval Force Mediterranean oOperation I~~rini, two common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions, in contributing to sustainable peace, security and stability, in particular through their support for~~RINI , in contributing to the implementation of the arms embargo imposed on Libya by the UN Security Council; renew, if necessary, the mandate ofor the~~se two~~ core task of this common security and defence policy mission~~s in order to contribute to improving the security conditions on the ground, including by preventing terrorists, human traffickers and armed groups from carrying out cross-border activities~~ and reinforce it with the necessary political backing and technical capabilities to prevent arms entering Libya via land, sea, or air ; notes that secondary tasks may include gathering and sharing information on illicit exports of petroleum, human smuggling and trafficking networks, disrupting the business model of illicit exports of petroleum, and of human smuggling and trafficking networks, and training the Libyan coast guard and navy; guarantee that all activities carried out or facilitated by th~~ese two~~is missions respect human rights and ~~are~~is in line with international and EU laws, in particular the principle of non-refoulement; ~~conduct and provide Parliament with regular~~ensure that no activity of this mission provides support to perpetrators of human rights violations, including by prioritizing the integration of human rights conditionality on their cooperation with any Libyan border or security apparatus, and ensuring ex ante human rights impact assessments ofor all ~~thei~~functions or activities to be undertaken or facilitated by these missions, to be shared with Parliament;

Amendment 199 #

Arnaud DANJEAN

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

Amendment 2 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation -1 a (new)

-a having regard to the Berlin Conference on Libya of January 2020,

Amendment 20 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 8

— having regard to the Paris Agreement, adopted by decision1/CP.21, to the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and to the 11th Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP11), held in Paris, France from 30 November to 11 December 2015,deleted

Amendment 200 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

Amendment 201 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

Amendment 202 #

Maria ARENA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

Amendment 203 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

Amendment 204 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

Amendment 205 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

Amendment 206 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

Amendment 207 #

Pierfrancesco MAJORINO, Maria ARENA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h

Amendment 208 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h a (new)

(h a) consider that Libya has been a key country in the strategy of externalising border and migration management, that this has led to continued and impressive human rights violations in integrated border management and call for the termination of border externalisation agreements; take duly and deeply into account that many of these violations, including the non-respect of the principle of non-refoulement, have taken place in the context of actions carried out by the Libyan coast guard and that many of the people intercepted by the coastguard are returned to arbitrary detention in horrific conditions in Libya; avoid any repatriation of refugees to countries where they are not safe, as this would be an explicit violation of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees;

Amendment 209 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h a (new)

(h a) stresses with regard to the maritime component of IRINI the international obligations regarding search and rescue of people in distress at sea; calls on Member States to ensure that IRINI acts in full compliance with the maritime law, in particular obligations related to search and rescue; reiterates its grave concern at the fate of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees in Libya, whose already dramatic situation continues to deteriorate; calls on Libyan authorities and militias to close detention facilities for migrants;

Amendment 21 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 a (new)

— having regard to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti- Personnel Mines and on their Destruction of 18 September 1997,

Amendment 210 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h a (new)

(h a) ensure adequate resources for search and rescue responses (SAR) along the central Mediterranean Sea route, including proactive maritime and aerial patrolling by the EU and its Member States, and support SAR operations carried out by private commercial or humanitarian vessels; ensure that all SAR activities are in line with international law and effectively guarantee the full protection of people’s life and dignity;

Amendment 211 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h a (new)

(ha) prevent non-governmental organisations from taking the place of the competent authorities when it comes to the monitoring and control of human trafficking in Mediterranean waters;

Amendment 212 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h a (new)

(h a) express its dismay at the lack of focus of the EU Border Assistance Mission's (EUBAM) mandate and trainings to assist Libya's Southern border; call for a new mandate of the EUBAM to reinforce its focus on assisting the Libyan authorities in securing the southern border, notably through the provision of training;

Amendment 213 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h b (new)

(h b) stress that allegations of mismanagement of the EUBAM in Libya, including corruption allegations, should be verified by the European Commission as well as by a delegation of the European Parliament if security conditions in Tripoli allow;

Amendment 214 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h b (new)

(h b) expresses its strongest concern about the financial and technical cooperation between the EU, notably Frontex and Operation IRINI, and EU Member States, notably Italy and Malta, with the so-called Libyan Cost Guards and its affiliated militias; is appalled by the EU´s and its Member States´ complicity in illegal pullbacks and returning people to inhumane camps in Libya, including via lethal operations conducted by the Libyan Coast Guard;

Amendment 215 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point h c (new)

(h c) acknowledges the work of the EU Border Assistance Mission in Libya; regrets that the mission’s focus since its initiation in 2013 has steadily shifted towards more migration management at the expense of structural support and capacity-building for Libyan authorities to stabilise the country;

Amendment 216 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i

(i) mobilise adequate EU funds under the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument to support Libyan democratisation efforts and projects aimed at strengthening the rule of law and good governance, improving Libya’s public service delivery capacities, supporting decentralisation efforts, fostering stabilisation in the country, supporting civil society organisations, strengthening social inclusion and fighting inequalities, promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women and young people, strengthening Libya’s health system, fighting climate change and promoting the concept of human security and inclusive, equitable and sustainable growth; technically assist these projects and ensure their implementation by international institutions and non-governmental organisations with experience operating in Libya; ; ensure that these projects are in line with the priorities of the New Agenda for the Mediterranean and the UN 2030 Agenda;

Amendment 217 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i

(i) mobilise adequate EU funds under the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument to support Libyan democratisation efforts and projects aimed at strengthening the rule of law ~~and~~, good governance, civil society, human rights defenders, in particular those defending and advancing women’s rights and equality; ensure that these projects are in line with the priorities of the New Agenda for the Mediterranean ~~and~~, the UN 2030 Agenda and are compliant with OECD-DAC criteria; guarantee that EU funds are not used for border reinforcement with the purpose of pull- backs, refoulement or containment of migratory flows; guarantee that any EU funds for Libya are conditioned to the respect for human rights and that the European Parliament has adequate power of scrutiny and accountability on the use of EU funds under the NDICI;

Amendment 218 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i

(i) mobilise adequate EU funds under the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument to support Libyan democratisation efforts and projects aimed at strengthening the rule of law ~~and~~, good governance, civil society and human rights’ defenders and access to justice; ensure that these projects are in line with the priorities of the New Agenda for the Mediterranean and the UN 2030 Agenda, and are compliant with OECD- DAC criteria and are not used for border reinforcement with the purpose of pull- backs, refoulement or containment of migratory flows; guarantee that any such EU funds for Libya are conditioned to the respect of human rights and that the European Parliament has adequate power of scrutiny and accountability on the use of EU funds under the NDICI;

Amendment 219 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i

(i) mobilise adequate EU funds under the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument (NDICI) to support Libyan democratisation efforts and projects aimed at strengthening the rule of law ~~and good governance~~, good governance, supporting management and governance of migration, border management, conflict prevention while in parallel supporting overall strategic planning and communication policy in order to increase visibility of the EU’s actions; ensure that these projects are in line with the priorities of the New Agenda for the Mediterranean and the UN 2030 Agenda;

Amendment 22 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 b (new)

— having regard to the Cluster Munitions Convention of 30 May 2008,

Amendment 220 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i

(i) mobilise adequate EU funds under the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument to support Libyan democratisation efforts and projects aimed at strengthening the rule of law and good governance, in particular those directed specifically towards civil society; ensure that these projects are in line with the priorities of the New Agenda for the Mediterranean and the UN 2030 Agenda;

Amendment 221 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i

(i) review previous efficiency of prior performance and mobilise adequate EU funds under the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument to support Libyan democratisation efforts and projects aimed at strengthening the rule of law and good governance; ensure that these projects are in line with the priorities of the New Agenda for the Mediterranean and the UN 2030 Agenda;

Amendment 222 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i

(i) mobilise adequate EU funds under the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument to support Libyan democratisation efforts and projects aimed at strengthening the rule of law ~~and~~, good governance and the combating of irregular migration; ensure that these projects are in line with the priorities of the New Agenda for the Mediterranean and the UN 2030 Agenda;

Amendment 223 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i a (new)

(i a) urges the HR/VP and the European Commission to work with the Member States to ensure sufficient political and financial support is provided to international accountability mechanisms, in particular the UN FFM on Libya and the ICC, and promote discussion on strengthening legal frameworks for universal jurisdiction inside the EU as an additional avenue to fight impunity;

Amendment 224 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i a (new)

(i a) make use of the European Peace Facility in order to enhance security cooperation and provide support, training and capacity building to the Libyan authorities;

Amendment 225 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i a (new)

(i a) continue to provide humanitarian assistance to Libya, with a special focus on the most vulnerable groups;

Amendment 226 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j

(j) urge the Libyan authorities to stop their ongoing harsh crackdown on civic space, supported by unaccountable, radical armed groups which are integrated within executive and security institutions, and to lift restrictions on civil society organisations that continue to put up serious obstacles to the freedom of association and the right to peaceful assembly, as guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Libya has ratified; urges Libyan policy makers to repeal law no.19 of 2001 and its corresponding decree (no.286 of 2019), which restrict the ability of civil society to carry out its activities, and Law no.76 of 1972 on publications restricting the freedom of expression; call on the Libyan authorities to stop criminalizing fundamental freedoms using vaguely-worded articles of the Libyan Penal Code such as Article 206 and 207, that bear the death penalty;

Amendment 227 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j

(j) urge the Libyan authorities to lift restrictions on civil society organisations that continue to put up serious obstacles to the freedom of expression, association and ~~the right to~~ peaceful assembly, as guaranteed also by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Libya has ratified; urge the Libyan authorities to repeal Decree n° 286,which restricts the ability of civil society actors to carry out their activities; urge the Libyan authorities to stop criminalising fundamental freedoms using vaguely-worded articles of the Libyan Penal Code such as Article206 and 207, that foresee the death penalty; urge Libyan authorities to immediately release all people unjustly detained under these charges;

Amendment 228 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j

(j) ~~urge the Libyan authorities~~condemn the increased repression on members of civil society organisations, via arbitrary travel bans, arrest, detentions, enforced disappearances and torture, as perpetrated on both sides; urge the Libyan authorities in the east and in the west to lift legal restrictions on civil society organisations and allow them to meet with foreigners and to lift restrictions that continue to put up serious obstacles to the freedom of association and the right to peaceful assembly, as guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Libya has ratified;

Amendment 229 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j

(j) condemn the violent repression on civil society organisations via arbitrary travel bans, arrests, detentions, enforced disappearances and torture; urge the Libyan authorities to lift restrictions on civil society organisations that continue to put up serious obstacles to the freedom of association and the right to peaceful assembly, as guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Libya has ratified;

Amendment 23 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 9 a (new)

— having regard to the Berlin Process, notably the conclusion of the Conferences on Libya convened on 19 January 2020 and 23 June 2021 in Berlin,

Amendment 230 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j

(j) urge ~~the~~ Libya~~n authorities~~ to lift restrictions on civil society organisations that continue to put up serious obstacles to the freedom of association and the right to peaceful assembly, as guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Libya has ratified;

Amendment 231 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j a (new)

(j a) asks the European Commission and the European External Action Service to work with the Libyan authorities and the UN to ensure access for foreign press and the protection of journalists and local civil society actors; firmly denounce human rights violations against journalists and civil society by Libyan actors and foreign forces and supports the use of targeted sanctions against the responsible parties;

Amendment 232 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j a (new)

(j a) encourage Libya to promote a culture of decentralisation and respect for cultural, linguistic and historical regional diversity and to lift restrictions and obstacles to peaceful expression of their aspirations for fair and equal rights and responsibilities within a frame of a united Libya;

Amendment 233 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j a (new)

(j a) call on the Libyan authorities to introduce a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, with the objective of ultimately abolishing it;

Amendment 234 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j b (new)

(j b) call on the Libyan authorities to enhance women’s full representation and participation, and protect women and girls from all forms of violence; support initiatives aimed at developing a National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security, in line with the UN Security Council Resolution 1325;

Amendment 235 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j c (new)

(j c) urge the Libyan authorities to develop and adopt measures to end and prevent violations against children, and to comply with Libya’s obligations to promote and protect the rights of children, with particular regard to the obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child;

Amendment 236 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j d (new)

(j d) urge the Libyan authorities to eliminate discriminatory laws and practices against members of religious and ethnic minorities;

Amendment 237 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j e (new)

(j e) assist the Libyan authorities in ensuring the voluntary, safe and dignified return of IDPs to their homes and support all the relevant stakeholders providing humanitarian assistance to IDPs and returnees, including access to safe drinking water, sanitation, basic health care, education and protection services;

Amendment 238 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point j f (new)

(j f) continue to provide assistance and funds to local communities, in particular the marginalised ones, in order to foster sustainable economic development, social cohesion and human security; further develop partnerships with Libyan municipalities and support them to strengthen their system of local governance and provide essential services, including but not limited to education and health care;

Amendment 239 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point k

(k) urge the Libyan authorities to ensure migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are protected and guarantee full, safe and unhindered access to disembarkation points and detention centres for humanitarian organisations providing ~~essential~~ assistance to these vulnerable categories of people; encourage the Libyan authorities to lift visa restrictions for all international humanitarian personnel regardless of nationality; provide these humanitarian actors with adequate financial resources to ensure an effective humanitarian response within the detention centres and in urban areas;

Amendment 24 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 9 a (new)

— having regard to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989,

Amendment 240 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point k

(k) urge the Libyan authorities to ~~ensure~~stop the dreadful exploitation and cycle of abuses and violations against migrants , refugees and asylum seekers a~~re protected and~~nd ensure the protection of migrants, internally displaced persons and marginalised communities; urges the EU and its Member States to guarantee full, safe and unhindered access to detention centres for humanitarian organisations providing essential assistance to these vulnerable categories of people;

Amendment 241 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point k

(k) urge the Libyan authorities to ensure migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are protected and guarantee full, safe and unhindered access to detention centres for humanitarian organisations providing essential assistance to these vulnerable categories of people, as well as to human rights groups and organizations' independent inspectors in order to conduct inspections of facilities with unrestricted access;

Amendment 242 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point k

(k) urge the ~~Libyan authorities~~reunited Government of National Unity (GNU) to ensure migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are protected and guarantee full, safe and unhindered access to detention centres for humanitarian organisations providing essential assistance to these vulnerable categories of people;

Amendment 243 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point k

(k) urge ~~the~~ Libya~~n authorities~~ to ensure migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are protected and guarantee full, safe and unhindered access to detention centres for humanitarian organisations providing essential assistance to these vulnerable categories of people;

Amendment 244 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point k a (new)

(k a) encourage the Libyan authorities to sign and ratify the Geneva Convention on Refugees of 1951, and offer support for the implementation of its accompanying measures;

Amendment 245 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point l

(l) urge the Libyan authorities to end arbitrary immigration detention and introduce human rights-based alternatives to detention, inter alia by closing immigration detention centres and opening reception centres, developing screening and referral mechanisms and offering community housing options; to this end, actively support and fund initiatives to amend the Libyan legislative framework on migration and asylum to align it with international law and internationally recognised standards and principles;

Amendment 246 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point l

(l) urge the Libyan authorities to end arbitrary immigration detention ~~and introduce alternatives to detention~~, absolutely prohibited under international law, and introduce alternatives to detention that are focused on the immediate needs of refugees and non-citizens, inter alia by opening reception centres, developing screening and referral mechanisms and offering community housing options;

Amendment 247 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point l

(l) urge the Libyan authorities to en~~d arbitrary immigration detention and introduce alternatives to detention, inter alia by opening reception centres, developing screening and referral mechanisms and offering community housing options~~sure humane reception conditions and to provide different emergency assistance;

Amendment 248 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point l

(l) urge the ~~Libyan authorities~~reunited Government of National Unity (GNU) to end arbitrary immigration detention and introduce alternatives to detention, inter alia by opening reception centres, developing screening and referral mechanisms and offering community housing options;

Amendment 249 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point l

(l) urge ~~the~~ Libya~~n authorities~~ to end arbitrary immigration detention and introduce alternatives to detention, inter alia by opening reception centres, developing screening and referral mechanisms and offering community housing options;

Amendment 25 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 9 b (new)

— having regard to the Declaration of the Paris International Conference for Libya of 12 November 2021,

Amendment 250 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point l a (new)

(l a) urge the Libyan authorities to ensure that women are held in facilities with adequately trained women guards, and children separately from unrelated adults;

Amendment 251 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point l a (new)

(la) urge the Libyan authorities to ensure that European companies operating in Libya can continue to do so safely;

Amendment 252 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point l b (new)

(lb) urge the Libyan authorities to promote and boost investment in infrastructure for the transportation of fossil fuels to Italy and Europe;

Amendment 253 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m

(m) encourage the Libyan authorities to enhance cooperation with ~~neighbourhood countries regarding the creation of safe and legal pathways for migration~~third countries regarding the voluntary return to countries of origin of migrants stranded in Libya, enhance cooperation with other countries of origin and transit including on resettlement and to continue to ensure measures to reduce illegal migration to the EU and fight human trafficking;

Amendment 254 #

Arnaud DANJEAN

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m

(m) encourage the Libyan authorities to enhance cooperation with neighbourhood countries regarding the creation, in conjunction with neighbourhood countries and countries of origin, of safe and legal pathways for migration and repatriation;

Amendment 255 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m

(m) encourage the ~~Libyan authorities~~reunited Government of National Unity (GNU) to enhance cooperation with neighbourhood countries regarding the creation of safe and legal pathways for migration;

Amendment 256 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m

(m) encourage the ~~Libyan authorities~~reunited Government of National Unit (GNU) to enhance cooperation with neighbourhood countries regarding the creation of safe and legal pathways for migration;

Amendment 257 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m

(m) encourage ~~the~~ Libya~~n authorities~~ to enhance cooperation with neighbourhood countries regarding the creation of safe and legal pathways for migration;

Amendment 258 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m

(m) encourage the Libyan authorities to enhance cooperation with neighbourhood countries ~~regard~~ing the creatgion ~~of safe and legal pathways fo~~in mitigating the consequences of irregular migration;

Amendment 259 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m

(m) encourage the Libyan authorities to enhance cooperation with neighbourhood countries ~~regarding the creation of safe and legal pathways for migration~~on the policing of borders;

Amendment 26 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 9 b (new)

— having regard to the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child of 1 July 1990,

Amendment 260 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m

(m) encourage the Libyan authorities to enhance cooperation with neighbourhood countries regarding the cre~~atio~~turn of ~~safe and legal pathways for migration~~migrants from Europe to Africa;

Amendment 261 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m

(m) encourage the Libyan authorities to enhance cooperation with neighbourhood countries regarding ~~the creation of safe and legal pathways for migration~~border control;

Amendment 262 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m a (new)

(m a) review European migration and border management policies and the way they are enabling appalling abuse against tens of thousands of women, men and children, including by halting any agreement involving directly or indirectly facilitating illegal pushbacks and pullbacks, and supporting Libyan parties against which there are strong allegations of grave violations and involvement in human trafficking; condition any co- operation with Libyan authorities on respect for human rights and on the implementation of concrete measures protecting the rights of migrants and refugees, such as releasing all detained migrants and ending their systematic arbitrary detention, abolishing the criminalisation of migrants and refugees, investigating attacks against them, ensuring their access to essential services, ensuring humanitarian access for all stakeholders to detention centres, or adopting asylum legislation; and ensure that adequate investigations are carried out into severe shortcomings in UNHCR assistance to asylum seekers and refugees in Libya;

Amendment 263 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m b (new)

(m b) calls for the Commission to install an independent, transparent and effective human rights monitoring system on the basis of international law, in order to assess the impact of its asylum and migration related policies and spending in Libya, with a view of suspending any funding that directly or indirectly contributes to or enables the maintenance of migrants in inhuman conditions and other human rights violations; ensure that funding from the European Development Fund only leads to eradication of poverty and not to border control activities;

Amendment 264 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point m a (new)

(ma) encourage the Libyan authorities to step up the combating and counteracting of human trafficking in Mediterranean waters;

Amendment 265 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

Amendment 266 #

Arnaud DANJEAN

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

Amendment 267 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

Amendment 268 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

Amendment 269 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

Amendment 27 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 13 a (new)

— having regard to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights’ (OHCHR) reports Unsafe and Undignified: The forced expulsion of migrants from Libya of 25 November 2021, and Lethal Disregard: Search and rescue and the protection of migrants in the central Mediterranean Sea of 26 May 2021,

Amendment 270 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

(n) create new safe and legal pathways for migration to the EU, including by opening new humanitarian corridors and increasing Member States’ resettlement pledges through the Emergency Transit Mechanisms; re-establish sufficient, critically-needed state and EU-led search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean and stop obstructing the rescue operations of humanitarian organisations; ensure that migrants rescued at sea are disembarked in places of safety without undue delay, not in Libya, and ensure that southern Member States are not left alone to carry the responsibility of disembarkation and relocation;

Amendment 271 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

(n) create new safe and legal pathways for migration to the EU, including by opening new humanitarian corridors and increasing Member States’ resettlement pledges through the Emergency Transit Mechanisms; stop financing and support the so called Libyan coast guards which only serve to secure pull backs and seal EU- borders for refugees;

Amendment 272 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

(n) create new safe and legal pathways for migration to the EU, including by opening new humanitarian corridors and increasing Member States’ resettlement pledges through the Emergency Transit Mechanisms as well as to facilitate repatriation of those migrants that not fulfil the appropriate requirements to enter in Europe;

Amendment 273 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

(n) create new safe and legal pathways for migration to the EU, including by ~~opening new~~increasing the capacities of the Emergency Transit Mechanisms, replicating the existing good practice of the humanitarian corridors to EU Members States and increasing Member States’ resettlement pledges through the Emergency Transit Mechanisms;

Amendment 274 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

(n) ~~create new~~encourage negotiations by EU Member States on reforming the EU’s migration and asylum policy in order to work towards ensuring safe and legal pathways for migration to the EU, including by ~~opening new humanitarian corridors and~~ increasing Member States’ resettlement pledges through the Emergency Transit Mechanisms;

Amendment 275 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

(n) create new ~~safe and legal pathways for migration to the EU, including by opening new humanitarian corridors and increasing Member States’ resettlement pledges through the Emergency Tra~~effective means of concluding and implementing return agreements with migrants countries of origin and transit in order to reduce migration to the EU, including through new and increased efforts by Member States’ and EU instit ~~Mechanism~~utions;

Amendment 276 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n

(n) ~~create new safe and legal~~discourage irregular pathways for migration to the EU, ~~including by opening new humanitarian corridors and increasing Member States’ resettlement pledges through the Emergency Transit Mechanisms~~by solely guaranteeing humanitarian corridors for refugees fleeing wars and countries where fundamental human rights are not guaranteed;

Amendment 277 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n a (new)

(n a) increase support and funding for Humanitarian Mine Action activities, given the contamination by explosive ordnances on the Libyan territory; ensure these activities include land release, victim assistance and risk education as well as full access for victims to healthcare, rehabilitation, psychological and psychosocial support; provide dedicated funding for victim assistance to cover long-term needs and develop referral plans to ensure sustainable delivery of services for people injured, the families of people injured or killed, and communities affected by explosive ordnances;

Amendment 278 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n a (new)

(n a) respond adequately to the reports of the UN FFM on Libya, which concluded that the abuses and inhumane acts committed against migrants in Libya were part of a systematic and widespread attack in furtherance of a State policy, and may therefore constitute crimes against humanity; to this end, press all Libyan authorities to comply with the their obligations under international human rights and humanitarian law;

Amendment 279 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n a (new)

(na) establish migrant protection and identification centres, managed by international organisations, on Libya's southern borders in order to prevent the Libyan coast from becoming a point of departure for irregular migration flows;

Amendment 28 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 13 a (new)

— having regard to the UN Human Rights Council resolution establishing an Independent Fact-Finding mission on Libya of 22 June 2020 and the one extending its mandate for 9 months of 8 July 2022,

Amendment 280 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point n b (new)

(n b) condition future relations with Libyan authorities on respect for human rights and on the implementation of concrete measures protecting the rights of migrants and refugees, such as releasing all detained migrants and ending their systematic arbitrary detention, investigating attacks against them, ensuring their access to essential services, ensuring humanitarian access for all stakeholders to detention centres, or adopting asylum legislation; and ensure that adequate investigations are carried out into severe shortcomings in UNHCR assistance to asylum seekers and refugees in Libya;

Amendment 281 #

(n b) calls on the EU, its Member States and partners to urge all parties to the conflict in Libya to avoid the use of explosive weapons in populated areas due to the systematic humanitarian impacts resulting from such use in terms of civilian casualties, but also damages to civilian objects and land contamination that create long-term consequences for civilians;

Amendment 282 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o

(o) actively support the renewal of the UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya created by the UNHRC; ensure that it has sufficient resources to fulfil its mandate; encourage Libyan authorities to ensure the Fact Finding Mission has full access to carry out its investigations and technical support;

Amendment 283 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o

(o) actively support the renewal of the UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya; ensure that it has sufficient resources to fulfil its mandate; encourage Libyan authorities to ensure the Fact Finding Mission has full access to carry out its investigations and technical support;

Amendment 284 #

David LEGA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o

(o) actively support the renewal of the UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya; and urge the Libyan authorities to continue to cooperate and engage with the fact-finding mission, including by granting it access without delay;

Amendment 285 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o

(o) actively support the renewal of the UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya as well as sending when political conditions permit it a European Parliament Fact Finding Mission on Libya;

Amendment 286 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o

(o) actively support ~~the~~, if needed, an additional renewal of the UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya and the implementation of the recommendations included in its reports;

Amendment 287 #

Maria ARENA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o

(o) actively support the renewal of the UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya and work to support the implementation of the recommendations included in its report;

Amendment 288 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o

(o) actively support the renewal of the UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya and of the duties relating to illegal trafficking of human beings to Europe;

Amendment 289 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o

(o) actively support the re-evaluation and the renewal of the UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya;

Amendment 29 #

— having regard to the ~~UN Human Rights Council R~~27 June 2022 and 23 March 2022 reports of the Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya ~~of 23 March 2022~~, established by the UNHRC as well as the Mission’s report from 1 July 2022 on the situation in Tarhuna,

Amendment 290 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o

(o) ~~actively support~~welcome the renewal of the UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya by the Human Rights Council;

Amendment 291 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o a (new)

(o a) recognise the various soft security skills the EU has and apply them in a more effective way; continue the significant support given by the EU in terms of capacity building, humanitarian aid, support for migration management and social services;

Amendment 292 #

Emmanouil KEFALOGIANNIS, Vangelis MEIMARAKIS, Stelios KYMPOUROPOULOS, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI, Anna-Michelle ASIMAKOPOULOU, Theodoros ZAGORAKIS, Lefteris CHRISTOFOROU

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o a (new)

(o a) reaffirm its full solidarity with Cyprus and Greece regarding Turkey's illegal drilling activities in exclusive economic zones, covered in the illegal Turkey-Libya Memorandum of Understanding;

Amendment 293 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o a (new)

(o a) urge the Libyan authorities to proceed to the cancelation of the Turkey - Libya Memorandum of Understanding on the delimitation on maritime jurisdictions in the Mediterranean Sea;

Amendment 294 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o a (new)

(o a) reassess current practice and urgently starts to finance physical barriers at the Union's external borders as requested by 16 Member States in a joint statement of January 21 2022;

Amendment 295 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o a (new)

(o a) continue to support the International Criminal Court’s mandate on Libya and its efforts to bring perpetrators of atrocity crimes to justice;

Amendment 296 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o b (new)

(o b) increase efforts to help rebuild decentralised health services and institutions as an apolitical mean for building confidence measures and at the same time providing a desperately needed service;

Amendment 297 #

(o b) urgently launch effective and wide-reaching communication campaigns targeting diaspora communities in the European Union representing the highest proportions of illegal arrivals as well as strategic communication campaigns targeting potential illegal migrants in source and transit countries with messages deterring potential migrants from considering illegal means of arrival to the Member States of the European Union;

Amendment 298 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o c (new)

(o c) launch effective measures to prevent illegal migration and illegal entry into the territories of Member States including by way of physically sealing the border, refusing asylum to those that enter illegally, joint Member State naval missions in the Mediterranean aimed at deterring, preventing and stopping illegal departures and arrivals from third countries as well as to provide for immediate escort to ports of origin for any vessel enabling illegal entry of migrants into a Member State of the European Union;

Amendment 299 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o d (new)

(o d) that the fact that the vast majority of migrants who are brought to European shores by NGO's are males be taken into account in policymaking; highlights that out of 466 migrants brought to European shores by MS Ocean Viking on August 28 only 21 were women;

Amendment 3 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation -1 b (new)

-b having regard to the UN Security Council Resolution 2510 (2020),

Amendment 30 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 14

— having regard to the third UN Human Rights Council Report of the Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya of 2~~3 March~~7 June 2022,

Amendment 300 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1 a. urgent action is taken to break the business model of organized people smuggling gangs who for the last stretch of migrants journeys to Europe, are aided by NGOs providing de-facto taxi services to harbours in Europe;

Amendment 31 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 14 a (new)

— having regard to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights’ (OHCHR) reports Unsafe and Undignified The forced expulsion of migrants from Libya of 25 November 2021 and Lethal Disregard: Search and rescue and the protection of migrants in the central Mediterranean Sea from 26 May 2021,

Amendment 32 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 14 a (new)

— having regard to the report of Amnesty International on Libya: ‘No one will look for you’: Forcibly returned from sea to abusive detention in Libya 15 July 2021,

Amendment 33 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 14 b (new)

— having regard to Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP,

Amendment 34 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 15

— having regard to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 16 December 1966, and the general comments of the Human Rights Committee (CCPR),

Amendment 35 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 15

— having regard to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 16 December 1966, and general comments of the Human Rights Committee,

Amendment 36 #

Emmanouil KEFALOGIANNIS, Vangelis MEIMARAKIS, Stelios KYMPOUROPOULOS, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI, Anna-Michelle ASIMAKOPOULOU, Theodoros ZAGORAKIS, Loucas FOURLAS, Lefteris CHRISTOFOROU

Motion for a resolution
Citation 16 a (new)

— having regard to its resolution of 19 May 2021 on human rights protection and the EU external migration policy (2020/2116(INI)),

Amendment 37 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 18 a (new)

— having regard to the European Council Conclusions of 12 December 2019,

Amendment 38 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital -A (new)

-A. whereas in March 2021 the Government of National Unity (GNU) was formed; whereas the formation of the GNU broke a political deadlock and for some time improved the situation of contested legitimacy in Libya; whereas in the run-up to the election process, however, the tensions and power struggles between the rival governments re- surfaced leading to the collapse of the elections; whereas due to the state of divisions there is an absence of a unified central authority in Libya;

Amendment 39 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital -A (new)

-A. whereas Libya's Revolution of February 2011 took place after forty years of autocratic rule under Colonel Gaddafi; whereas basic rights and freedoms, including freedom of expression and the right to free and fair elections, were inexistent under Gaddafi's rule;

Amendment 4 #

-c having regard to the Agreement for a Complete and Permanent Ceasefire in Libya of 23 October 2020,

Amendment 40 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital -A a (new)

-A a. whereas in March 2022 the internationally recognized Parliament of Libya (HoR, based in Tobrouk) declared that the legal term for the mandate of Prime Minister Abul Hamid al-Dbeibeh established in the roadmap of November 2020 "For the Preparatory Phase of a Comprehensive Solution", had expired in December 2021; whereas the HoR then appointed the former Minister of Interior, Fathi Bashagha, as Prime Minister to replace Abdul Hamid al-Dbeibeh who refused to step down;

Amendment 41 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital -A b (new)

-A b. whereas Libya is divided in four separate entities: in the east the Provisional Government with Fathi Bashagha as Prime Minister backed by the HoR and the Libyan National Army under the commend of Marshal Khalifa Haftar; in the west the international recognized Government of National Unity (GNU) with Abdul Hamid al-Dbeibeh, keeping his position as Prime Minister with the GNU ineffective authority backed by a collection of militias; in the north- west, the Berber area of Jebel Nafusa, the Berbers acts on their own, some of them supporting Seif Al Islam Gaddafi; in the north-west, the Berber area of Jebel Nafusa, the Berbers acts on their own, some of them supporting Seif Al Islam Gaddafi; in the south Fezzan region, the local tribes (Tubus, Tuaregs, Oulad Souleyman) share the territory with military units reporting to Khalifa Haftar, Sudanese and Chadian armed groups,transforming the region into a sanctuary of all kind of traffics, as well as the presence of jihadist in the south-west, being a grey area beyond all state control;

Amendment 42 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital -A c (new)

-A c. whereas the war in Libya has ceased and not restarted because of the presence of Russian and Turkish military forces which are keeping a precarious peace;

Amendment 43 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas in the past 11 years, Libya has seen the repetition of cycles of illegitimate power grabs and convoluted electoral or constitutional processes that enabled Libyan political and economic elites to stay in power, supported by some foreign governments, including some European allies, and enabled by the lack of clear, strong international commitment to accountability and security sector reform in Libya; whereas the situation Libya has further deteriorated since the indefinite postponement of the elections at the end of 2021, ~~deepening the political deadlock and division~~ notably due to a lack of prior agreement on the legal basis for elections and on vetting criteria for candidates as well as the failure to prioritise the building of essential guarantees for free and fair elections, deepening the political deadlock and national fragmentation, further emboldening state-affiliated armed groups, and threatening to trigger further violence deepening the ~~country~~political deadlock; whereas this postponement profoundly disappointed the more than 2.8 million Libyan citizens who had registered to vote; whereas the lack of commitment from Western and Eastern Libyan actors to build a shared roadmap towards elections, appears to indicate a shared lack of interest in building functional and representative political institutions;

Amendment 44 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas the situation Libya has further deteriorated in the past 11 years, after a foreign intervention which immersed Libya into a cycle of illegitimate power grabs and convoluted electoral or constitutional processes that enabled Libyan political and economic elites to stay in power, supported by some foreign governments, including some European allies; whereas in this context, since the indefinite postponement of the elections at the end of 2021, deepening the political deadlock and ~~division~~ national fragmentation, further emboldening state-affiliated armed groups, and threatening t~~he country~~o trigger further violence; whereas this postponement disappointed the more than 2.8 million Libyan citizens who had registered to vote; whereas the active role of third countries not only transferring arms into the country but also being unable to foster an agreement between the Libyan parties indicates a lack of interest in building functional political institutions;

Amendment 45 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas the situation in Libya has further deteriorated since the indefinite postponement of the elections at the end of 2021, deepening the political deadlock and division in the country; whereas this postponement disappointed the more than 2.8 million Libyan citizens who had registered to vote; whereas in the context of multilateralism in crisis, Libya is one of the stages on which the rivalry between Russia and NATO is playing out, behind which lies geopolitical competition between emerging regional powers;

Amendment 46 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas the situation Libya has further deteriorated since the indefinite postponement of the elections at the end of 2021, deepening the political deadlock and division in the country; whereas this postponement disappointed the more than 2.8 million Libyan citizens who had registered to vote; whereas as a result, protests against the mismanagement of political institutions in Libya have been continuously held; whereas protesters are calling for elections to be held without delay;

Amendment 47 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas the situation Libya has further deteriorated since the indefinite postponement of the elections at the end of 2021, deepening the political deadlock and division in the country; whereas this postponement disappointed the more than 2.8 million Libyan citizens who had registered to vote; whereas elections cannot be an end in itself but would require a thorough reform of the political, economic and institutional processes;

Amendment 48 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas the situation Libya has further deteriorated since the indefinite postponement of the elections at the end of 2021, deepening the political deadlock and division in the country; whereas this postponement disappointed the more than 2.8 million Libyan citizens who had registered to vote, and in particular the young electorate, and risks contributing to further diminishing trust in the public institutions;

Amendment 49 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

Amendment 5 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation -1 d (new)

-d having regard to the roadmap of November 2020 "For the Preparatory Phase of a Comprehensive Solution" agreed by the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF),

Amendment 50 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)

A a. whereas at the beginning of July 2022, Libyan society reacted through all the country with demonstrators protesting against deteriorating living conditions and the political stalemate created by the two governments, storming, ransacking and burning in the east part of the Libyan Parliament building in Tobrouk;

Amendment 51 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)

A a. whereas following the protests, the Presidential Council has proposed an action plan to move forward and preserve the unity of the country, including parliamentary and presidential elections within a specific timeframe to overcome the deadlock;

Amendment 52 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A b (new)

A b. whereas since the invasion of Ukraine, Russia is seriously undermining the capacity of action of the United Nations, leading to a deterioration of already severe crises;

Amendment 53 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas ~~the country still lacks~~, despite the recent UN- facilitated talks between the Libyan House of Representatives and High State Council legislative bodies in Cairo and Geneva led to an unprecedented level of consensus on several long-standing issues, including on the distribution of seats for the two legislative chambers, the distribution of power among different executive authorities and the delineation of provinces, they could not lead to an agreement on a widely shared constitution and electoral legal framework;

Amendment 54 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas the country still lacks a widely shared constitution and electoral legal framework; whereas the protests in the country in early July showed the limits of the patience of the Libyan people, who legitimately want their right to elect their own leaders upheld;

Amendment 55 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas the country still lacks a ~~widely shared constitution and electoral legal framewor~~constitution resulting from a collaborative national effort and electoral legal framework; whereas the electoral law of 2021 was unilaterally decided by decree- law of the Speaker of the Parliament of Tobrouk;

Amendment 56 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas security and stability in Libya are closely correlated with the prospect of a real democratic transition that has the potential to deliver for ~~all people in Libya~~the Libyan population in its entire diversity; whereas centring accountability and human rights in any diplomatic engagement on Libya is essential to restoring the rule of law and ensuring political stability and sustainable peace, without which Libyan citizens will continue to suffer; whereas the UN Fact- Finding Mission on Libya’s (FFM) report of 23 March 2022 concluded that systemic impunity was impeding Libya’s transition to peace, democracy and the rule of law;

Amendment 57 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas security and stability in Libya are closely correlated with the prospect of a real democratic transition that has the potential to deliver for all people in Libya; whereas putting accountability and human rights at the centre of in any diplomatic engagement on Libya is essential to restoring the rule of law and ensuring political stability and sustainable peace, without which Libyan citizens will continue to suffer; whereas the UN Fact- Finding Mission on Libya’s (FFM) report of 23 March 2022 concluded that systemic impunity was impeding Libya’s transition to peace, democracy and the rule of law;

Amendment 58 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C a (new)

C a. whereas the long term instability has been a significant factor in the resurgence of military confrontations, as well as of demonstrations across the country and in the entire region;

Amendment 59 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C a (new)

C a. whereas the instability and insecurity in Libya, and by extension in the European Southern Neighbourhood, is closely interlinked and remains an ongoing challenge for European external border management;

Amendment 6 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation -1 e (new)

-e having regard to the agreement of the LPDF of 18 January 2021 to nominate a Unified Executive Authority that resulted in the election,

Amendment 60 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C b (new)

C b. whereas Libya is the location of destination and major transit route of significant irregular migratory flows from sub-Saharan Africa to other countries in the region as well as to the European Union;

Amendment 61 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas it is of utmost importance that the Member States coordinate their actions towards the country in order to act jointly and coherently and speak with one voice, strengthening the EU’s mediation efforts and underlining the central role of the UN;

Amendment 62 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas it is of utmost importance that the Member States speak ~~with one voice, strengthening the EU’s mediation efforts and underlining the central role of the UN~~for themselves;

Amendment 63 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas ~~it is of utmost importance that the Member States speak with one voice, strengthening the~~the UN's central role must be underlined and EU’s mediation efforts ~~and underlining th~~may be cen~~tral role of the UN~~couraged to support the UN's role;

Amendment 64 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)

D a. whereas EU Member States have repeatedly violated the UN arms embargo with arms sales directly to different authorities in Libya; whereas the country has also been flooded with EU arms sold to Egypt and the United Arab Emirates, which are directly involved in the conflict in Libya;

Amendment 65 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas the increasing involvement in the conflict of local and foreign armed groups, ~~as well as foreign forces, poses a threat to the security of Libya and the entire region~~particularly the Russian military and mercenaries of the Wagner Group, poses a threat to the security of Libya and the entire region; whereas despite some tactical withdrawal of Wagner fighters from Libya to be deployed to fight in the brutal and illegal Russian war against Ukraine, Wagner fighters remain entrenched in and around key military bases and oil facilities in Libya; whereas numerous investigations exposed the key role of Russian mercenaries in war crimes committed during the conflict, in particular during Haftar's offensive against the capital Tripoli;

Amendment 66 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas the ~~increasing~~continuous involvement in the conflict of local and foreign armed groups, as well as foreign forces, poses a threat to the security of Libya and the entire region; whereas the continued influx of arms, ammunitions, services, provision of reconnaissance and sensible data, mercenaries, foreign fighters to parties in the conflict and the illicit export of petroleum intensify the current armed conflict, fuel further political instability in the country and the region and aggravates the suffering of the civilian population;

Amendment 67 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas the increasing involvement in the conflict of local and foreign armed groups, as well as foreign forces, poses a threat to the security of Libya and the entire region, and whereas the persistent tensions in the country have resulted in continuous and perilous disruptions to crude oil production, pushing up prices and increasing fears of a slowdown in global demand for fossil fuels;

Amendment 68 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas the increasing involvement in the conflict of local and foreign armed groups such as the Wagner Group, as well as foreign forces, poses a threat to the security of Libya and the entire region as well as a menace to the safety of civilians and the respect of human rights and humanitarian law in the country;

Amendment 69 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas the increasing involvement in the conflict of local and foreign armed groups, as well as Islamic terrorist groups and foreign forces, poses a threat to the security of Libya and the entire region;

Amendment 7 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation -1 f (new)

-f having regard to the election of the President and Prime Minister of 5 February of 2021,

Amendment 70 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

Amendment 71 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas the ~~increas~~ongoing involvement in the conflict of local and foreign armed groups, as well as foreign forces, poses a threat to the security of Libya and the entire region;

Amendment 72 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)

E a. whereas the UN Panel of Experts has concluded that since 2019 more than 2.000 Russian personnel, including military instructors and mercenaries have been deployed to provide assistance to Khalifa Haftar and armed groups affiliated to him; whereas such Russian actors are reported to be in control of several strategic oil facilities and airbases; whereas the UN Fact-Finding Mission on Libya confirmed that there were reasonable grounds to believe that Russian mercenaries may have committed war crimes, such as the planting of mines in residential areas in southern Tripoli in 2020 causing at least 93 deaths and have committed extrajudicial killings; whereas the UN Panel of Experts on Libya considered that other activity of Russian actors fell under the military category of ‘psychological operations’ and as such, was in non-compliance with UN Security Council resolution 1970 (2011); whereas the EU has put the Yevgeny Prigozhin on its Libya sanctions list; whereas according to the final report of the UN Panel of Experts on Libya, pursuant to Resolution 1973 (2011), published in September 2019, Emirati company Black Shield Security Services recruited Sudanese nationals to serve in the Libyan conflict; whereas the deployment of private military and security companies fuels continued rivalry political factions in Libya and enables further instability and violence;

Amendment 73 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)

E a. whereas recently there have been attempts by Libyan senior military figures to re-establish a unified Libyan army;

Amendment 74 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)

E a. whereas the fighting between various armed groups in Tripoli at the end of August underlined once more the fragile situation in the country;

Amendment 75 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E b (new)

E b. whereas the agreed UN civilian observer mission for the supervision of the Geneva Ceasefire Agreement (2020) is still not implemented;

Amendment 76 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E b (new)

E b. whereas an arms embargo relating to the supply of arms and military equipment to and from Libya was established by UN Security Council resolution 1973 (2011) and subsequent resolutions; whereas the UN Security Council has authorized Member States to inspect suspicious cargo on their territory as well as on the high seas and has established a panel of experts to monitor the embargo;

Amendment 77 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E c (new)

E c. whereas the UN arms embargo has faced multiple and continued breaches from a number of actors, including since the Berlin conference by participants of this event; whereas the UN panel of experts stated in December 2019 that “Jordan, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates routinely and sometimes blatantly supplied weapons with little effort to disguise their source”; whereas media reports refer to the possible transfer of arms and ammunitions by some EU Member States to Libya in violation of the UN embargo, the criteria of Common Position 944/2008/CFSP and relevant legal obligations under the Arms Trade Treaty; whereas several third countries which purchase large amounts of arms and ammunitions from EU Member States have been accused of violating the arms embargo on Libya; whereas most of the supply of arms arrive reportedly through Libya’s land border with Egypt or by air;

Amendment 78 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E d (new)

E d. whereas in the conclusion of the conference on Libya from 19 January 2020 all parties committed to refraining from interference in the armed conflict or in the internal affairs of Libya and urge all international actors to do the same; whereas the conference on Libya from 23 June 2021 resulted in a fifty-five-point statement reaffirming the parties’ commitment to non-interference and calling for free, fair, inclusive and credible parliamentary and presidential elections; whereas on 12 November 2021, the countries participating in the Paris Conference for Libya reiterated their opposition to any foreign interference in Libyan affairs and backed the implementation of the action plan for the withdrawal of mercenaries, foreign fighters and foreign forces from the Libyan territory;

Amendment 79 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas ~~a comprehensive security sector reform is critical to preventing future human rights violations~~consequently disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of the numerous militias and a comprehensive security sector reform to establish a state monopoly on force is critical to preventing future human rights violations; whereas the developments on the ground in late August unfortunately point to the other direction with increased fighting and a military escalation on the verge;

Amendment 8 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation -1 g (new)

-g having regard to the House of Representatives (HoR) approval of 10 March 2021 to the creation of the Government of National Unity (GNU),

Amendment 80 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas a comprehensive security sector reform is critical to preventing future human rights violations, as well as fostering respect for the rule of law and for electoral and political processes, and to decrease the impunity of armed groups for grave human rights violations;

Amendment 81 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas a comprehensive security sector reform is critical to build effective state institutions based on the rule of law with independent executive, legislative and judiciary powers, thereby preventing future human rights violations;

Amendment 82 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas a comprehensive security sector reform ~~is critical to preventing future human rights violations~~activities coordinated at EU level with the final aim to build Libyan- owned security apparatuses are critical to preventing future human rights violations and to guarantee long-lasting stability to the country;

Amendment 83 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas a comprehensive security sector reform is critical to preventing future human rights violations, strengthening the rule of law and guaranteeing political stability;

Amendment 84 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas a comprehensive security sector reform is critical to ~~preventing future~~ensuring stability in the region and creating an enabling framework for protection of human rights ~~violations~~;

Amendment 85 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas a comprehensive security sector reform is critical to preventing future human rights violations and to fighting against impunity;

Amendment 86 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F a (new)

F a. whereas the significant presence of landmines and unexploded ordnances, in addition to resulting in the loss of human life, represents a serious obstacle to the economic and social recovery of the country;

Amendment 87 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F a (new)

F a. whereas the absence of a robust judicial system and the climate of impunity is a breeding ground for terrorist groups;

Amendment 88 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas systemic violation of the rule of law and the consequent widespread corruption, ands well as repeated violations of humanitarian law, contribute to create a climate of impunity in the country that represents a significant obstacle to peaceful coexistence;

Amendment 89 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas systemic violation of the rule of law and the consequent widespread corruption and climate of impunity in the country represents a significant obstacle to peaceful coexistence and to the safe return of internally displaced persons;

Amendment 9 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation -1 h (new)

-h having regard to the Declaration of the Paris International Conference on Libya of 12 November 2021,

Amendment 90 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G a (new)

G a. whereas the Libyan economy heavily relies on the oil sector; whereas oil production has been often instrumentalised by different actors, that have repeatedly shut down oil facilities for political purposes;

Amendment 91 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G a (new)

G a. whereas the EU is allocating 37 million euros per year between 2021-2024 in state-building efforts, humanitarian needs and in basic health services;

Amendment 92 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G b (new)

G b. whereas the months’ long partial shutdown of Libya’s oil facilities that started in April 2022 has had significant repercussions beyond Libyan borders and contributed to further rising energy prices already high due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine;

Amendment 93 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas the EU has been developing a renewed partnership with the Southern Neighbourhood that focuses on human development, good governance and the rule of law, resilience, prosperity and the digital transition, peace and security, migration and mobility, as well as the green transition, climate resilience, energy and the environment;

Amendment 94 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas the EU has been developing a renewed partnership with the Southern Neighbourhood; whereas the stability and security of Libya are essential to those of the broader Mediterranean region, including in terms of EU internal security and energy supplies;

Amendment 95 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas the EU ~~has been~~is developing a renewed partnership with the Southern Neighbourhood, and the burgeoning presence in that area of military forces with links to countries like Turkey and Russia pose a constant threat to the stability of the area;

Amendment 96 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas the EU has ~~been developing~~adopted a renewed partnership with the Southern Neighbourhood;

Amendment 97 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I a (new)

Ia. whereas the constant instability of the North Africa area accents the geopolitical importance of an area which is effectively NATO's southern flank; whereas it is therefore necessary to invest time and resources to avoid third-country expansion there;

Amendment 98 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital J

J. whereas in recent months, there has been a worrying shrinking of civic space, including a broad campaign linked to radical religious scholars, against the freedom of association and especially targeting youth civic movements such as Tanweer in Tripoli and Tanarout in Benghazi, labelling some of them as atheists, feminists or “against national values”; whereas many political activists, human rights defenders and journalists have been threatened, abducted, arbitrarily detained, tortured and killed; whereas the lack of a functioning justice system means that victims of human rights violations are not able to pursue legal remedies;

Amendment 99 #