2022/2139(INI) Regulation of prostitution in the EU: its cross-border implications and impact on gender equality and women’s rights
Next event: Indicative plenary sitting date 2023/09/11
Lead committee dossier:
Next event: Indicative plenary sitting date 2023/09/11
Progress: Awaiting committee decision
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | FEMM |
NOICHL Maria ( S&D)
|
SCHNEIDER Christine ( EPP),
MELCHIOR Karen ( Renew),
VANA Monika ( Verts/ALE),
DE LA PISA CARRIÓN Margarita ( ECR),
PEREIRA Sandra ( GUE/NGL)
|
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54
Legal Basis:
RoP 54Events
Documents
Activities
- Malin BJÖRK
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Angel DZHAMBAZKI
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Rosa ESTARÀS FERRAGUT
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Sylvie GUILLAUME
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Juan Fernando LÓPEZ AGUILAR
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Maria NOICHL
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Stanislav POLČÁK
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Monika VANA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Roberts ZĪLE
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Clare DALY
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Sandra PEREIRA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Alice KUHNKE
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Eugenia RODRÍGUEZ PALOP
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Mick WALLACE
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Karen MELCHIOR
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Heléne FRITZON
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Evin INCIR
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Christine SCHNEIDER
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Frances FITZGERALD
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Kim VAN SPARRENTAK
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Angelika WINZIG
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Lina GÁLVEZ MUÑOZ
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Annika BRUNA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Vera TAX
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Margarita DE LA PISA CARRIÓN
Plenary Speeches (0)
- René REPASI
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Eleni STAVROU
Plenary Speeches (0)
| Amendments | Dossier |
| 389 |
2022/2139(INI)
2023/02/10
FEMM
389 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 b (new) — having regard to the work of the UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children;
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F c (new) F c. whereas events such as international conflicts and economic hardship have a strong negative impact on human trafficking trends;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F d (new) F d. whereas there is an asymmetry between national prostitution legislation within the EU (with countries where prostitution is legal and countries where it is illegal and where the demand for prostitution is criminalised);
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F d (new) F d. whereas victims of human trafficking for prostitution are in large majority European nationals;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F e (new) F e. Whereas according to Europol,1a in countries where prostitution is legal and regulated, sex work is likely to be influenced by the demand for cheap labour and in those countries it is much easier for traffickers to use a legal environment to exploit their victims; _________________ 1a Europol Situation Report: Trafficking in human beings in the EU', February 2016.
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F f (new) Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas numerous factors cause people to enter prostitution, including poverty, social exclusion and a migration background; whereas prostitution is inextricably linked to the denial of basic rights, to economic domination that condemns many countries to underdevelopment and widens the gap between rich and poor countries and, in both, compounds social injustices and inequalities, poverty and social exclusion, which each play a part in aggravating women's situation and status; whereas it is the poorest women and children who fall prey to sexual slavery and also to the grooming and entrapment webs in pimping networks;
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas numerous factors can cause people to enter prostitution, including poverty, social exclusion
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas numerous factors cause people to enter prostitution, including poverty, social exclusion and a migration background and other social and economic preconditions it remains a matter of preference or of limited livelihood options for other people;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas numerous factors cause people to enter
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas numerous factors cause people to enter prostitution, including poverty, social exclusion, structural violence faced by women and a migration background;
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 c (new) — having regard to the European Sex Workers Alliance policy brief entitled "Sex Work & Racism: Historical Overview of Racism in Anti-Sex Work, Anti-Trafficking and Anti-Immigration Legislation in Europe"
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas numerous factors cause people to enter prostitution, including poverty, social exclusion, drug-addiction and a migration background;
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) Ga. whereas protected groups, such as children, young people, persons living with mental and physical disabilities and persons belonging to minorities, are subject to cumulative exploitation in the form of sexual abuse, sexual harassment and rape;
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas we should take advantage of the opportunities offered by the free market economy, which promotes healthy competition and creates high growth and innovation, and in turn offers high- quality jobs as a viable option for those who want to leave;
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas structural and intersectional discrimination cause people engage in sex work; whereas policies and laws with a punitive approach fail to address the root causes, stigma and discrimination faced by sex workers and neglect their needs;
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G b (new) Gb. whereas there is a need to create a definition of cumulative discrimination that includes the structural and institutional negative discrimination occurring throughout the Union, particularly in healthcare and law enforcement or judicial decision-making institutions, and whereas the definition should clearly contain, without taboos, those universal practical mechanisms for redress against breaches of rights that both women and men may experience as a result of negative stereotypes against their social, economic, cultural, religious, ethnic or gender identity, membership in a subculture and/or traditional dress, in benefit arrangements and/or decision- making processes;
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G b (new) Gb. whereas the right to work is an essential precondition if women are to enjoy effective equal rights, economic independence and professional fulfilment, and therefore insists that precarious employment should be eradicated through mandatory application of the principle that for every actual job there should be a permanent post, and by recognising and enhancing the right to work with rights;
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G b (new) G b. whereas Ireland and New Zealand have similar populations but the amount of prostitutes working in Ireland is 5-8 times lower due to the introduction of the Nordic model;
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G c (new) Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G d (new) Gd. whereas in times of economic, social or health crises, many women in vulnerable situations are driven into poverty, social exclusion and prostitution as a result of the paucity of social responses;
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 c (new) — having regard to the work of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health;
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas prostitution has cross- border implications and affects women’s rights and gender equality; whereas the disparity of legislation on prostitution in the EU benefits traffickers and organised crime networks; whereas all Member States have a legal obligation to discourage and end human trafficking and organised crime; whereas regarding sexual explotation, Member States shall ensure that the following intentional conduct is punishable as as a criminal offence: (a) procuring, hiring, or enticing another person for the purposes of prostitution; (b) obtaining any profit from the prostitution of another person;
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas prostitution has cross- border implications and affects women’s rights and gender equality; whereas due to lack of collaborative governance and human rights impact assessment, the well- intended interventions that aim to prevent violence and exploitation in the sex industry fail; whereas the disparity of legislation on prostitution in the EU benefits traffickers and organised crime networks; whereas all Member States have a legal obligation to discourage and end human trafficking and organised crime;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas prostitution has cross- border implications and affects women’s rights and gender equality; whereas in cross-border regions the systems should be coordinated to avoid hot spots in border regions; whereas the disparity of legislation on prostitution in the EU benefits traffickers and organised crime networks; whereas all Member States have a legal obligation to discourage and end human trafficking and organised crime;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas prostitution has cross- border implications and affects women’s rights and gender equality; whereas the disparity of legislation on prostitution in the EU benefits traffickers and organised crime networks which can operate in quasi impunity ; whereas all Member States have a legal obligation to discourage and end human trafficking and organised crime and therefore need to address the issue at EU level ;
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas prostitution has cross- border implications and affects
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) H a. whereas Europol reports establish that where prostitution is legal, trafficking in human beings and violence perpetrated against its victims and prostituted persons increases tenfold as perpetrators can hide behind legal structures, whereas the Nordic model is not a fix-all solution to reduce demand, sex trafficking, violence or exploitation;
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) H a. Whereas the pornography industry and online commercial exploitation of the explicit representation of non-simulated sexual practices have effects on on trivialising and perpetuating sexual violence against women and girls, the commodification of women’s bodies, the and harmful gender-stereotypes through prostitution;
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 d (new) — having regard to the Amnesty International international policy on state obligations to respect, protect and fulfil the human rights of sex workers
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas we cannot accept prostitution just like any other economic activity, since it is based on using people as consumer goods, which is a serious violation of their dignity and therefore is at odds with EU values;
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) H a. whereas Russia’s war against Ukraine increases the risk of trafficking with Ukrainian women and girls who are in a particularly vulnerable situation while fleeing and relocating;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) H b. whereas demand reduction measures need a special focus on online advertisement and contact facilitation thus ensuring efficiency in the prevention of the exploitation of the prostitution of others;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) Hb. whereas in places where prostitution has been legalised, an unscrupulous sex industry has flourished, legitimising even aggressive behaviour, and trafficking in human beings has increased;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) H b. whereas the fight against prostitution and trafficking can only be effective at saving women and girls when an approach which protects its victims and tackles the demand for prostitution is applied;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H c (new) H c. whereas Member States should promote prevention and rehabilitation programmes and broad, in-depth educational programmes against human trafficking and forced prostitution both in schools and in wider society and especially in the prostitute’s countr(ies) of origin; these programmes should include safe accommodation and secure care, adequate medical attention, psychological help (trauma therapy), education/training opportunities, support for reintegration into the wider economy, specialised help for women with addictions and specialised help for women with children;
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H c (new) H c. whereas regular training for enforcement authorities is urgently needed in every Member State to ensure people and especially women, including transwomen, in prostitution are not stigmatised or de-facto criminalised and their access to justice does not continue to be compromised by discriminatory stereotypes leading to refraining from reporting cases of abuse and violence due to the fear of institutions and authorities;
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H d (new) H d. whereas leaving prostitution is often a difficult and lengthy process and requires comprehensive socio-economic support and individual counselling taking into account the different pull and push factors in order to provide need-oriented support programs for people wanting to leave prostitution and making these programs a success for all of them;
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H d (new) H d. whereas adolescents should receive thorough education concerning the methods employed by pimps to initiate interactions so that they are more alert, vigilant and better informed about the Loverboy tactics, online contact initiation and subsequent entrapment;
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 e (new) — having regard to the Front Line Defenders report entitled “LGBTIQ+ and Sex Workers Rights Defenders at risk during COVID-19”
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H e (new) H e. whereas prostitution is increasingly shifting into the virtual space, regardless of the legislation in force: whereas this relates not only to the recruitment and initiation “process”, but also to the way in which the sexual act itself takes place; whereas prostitution in the virtual space also has the same harmful effects on prostituted women as in the real world;
Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H e (new) H e. whereas preventive measures need to follow a holistic approach, reforming society as a whole with a focus on social, labour and migration policies, reducing vulnerabilities and thus the susceptibility to exploitation or choices that have to be taken based on the lack of alternatives;
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H f (new) H f. whereas Ursula Von Der Leyen has previously stated that prostitution is not a profession like any other and that exit should always be the goal;
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H f (new) H f. whereas accurate and comparable data across EU countries are still lacking;
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H g (new) H g. whereas according to some studies there is the potential to reduce HIV infections by 33–46% in the next decade if prostitution were to be decriminalised; whereas criminalised sex work leads to lower condom use which leads to higher cases of STIs including but not limited to, Genital Chlamydia, Gonorrhea infections, Pharyngeal and anal STI infections, as well as cases of syphilis infections;
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H g (new) H g. whereas every Member State’s regulation of prostitution must aim at ending human trafficking and organized crime, particularly focussing on the protection of people in vulnerable situations;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H h (new) H h. whereas a report of the German Federal Office of Criminal Investigation reveals that more than half of the human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation cases in Germany are prosecuted because of third-party reporting; whereas in conclusion the report states that victims of exploitation rarely identify themselves as such or refrain from reporting due to a lack of trust in authorities and the police;
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H h (new) H h. whereas LGBTI prostitutes are subjected to discrimination and criminalisation as both LGBTI people and as prostitutes; whereas there is not equal access to preventative HIV medication, such as PREP and/or PEP drugs across the Union;
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H i (new) Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H i (new) H i. whereas the dual identities of LGBTI prostitutes have the potential to further marginalise individuals and render them more vulnerable to increased levels of violence, human rights’ abuses, and decreased access to services and justice;
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 a (new) — having regard to the OHCHR Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H j (new) H j. whereas new digital technologies and tools have increased securing the anonymity of traffickers, pimps and clients and therefore making law enforcement more difficult;
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H j (new) H j. whereas poverty is the primary driving force behind women becoming prostitutes; whereas drug addiction is used as a means to lure and entrap victims into prostitution;
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H k (new) H k. whereas access to health care services, including contraception is vital for prostitutes to maintain their health; recognises that in some Member States, such as Poland, access to such health care provisions has been severely restricted, causing undue stress and anxiety as well as adverse health effects for those who need it;
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H k (new) H k. whereas there is a need for specific examples and concrete definitions of force, coercion, exploitation of vulnerability, abuse of power or inequalities in existing prostitution laws and regulations in various EU Member States;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H l (new) H l. whereas the 1949 UN Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others expresses in its preamble that prostitution and the accompanying evil of the traffic in persons for the purpose of prostitution are incompatible with the dignity and worth of the human person;
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H m (new) H m. whereas prosecution bodies in the Netherlands estimate, that of the around 30.000 people in prostitution up to 70% of are considered to be forced into prostitution, by violence or lured into it by a so-called "loverboy";
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H n (new) H n. whereas OSCE research has shown that the use of prevention measures, aiming at reducing demand, remain low in general, but are highly concentrated in countries where buying sex is illegal or the use of services from trafficking victims is criminalized;
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H o (new) H o. whereas in the case of Germany by the end of 2021 23 700 people officially registered as people in prostitution while estimates vary between 90 000 and 400 000 people in prostitution in this country;
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Notes that approaches to regulating prostitution vary across the EU, since certain social norms may also shape negative attitudes and prejudice towards that activity, which impact legal practices in the area of decision-making as well as cases involving the receipt of various benefits, and target three key components of this system: prostituted persons, the purchase of sex (i.e. demand), and pimping; stresses that the different laws have different effects on women in prostitution, their rights, women’s rights in general, gender equality, demand, society and neighbouring countries;
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Notes that approaches to regulating prostitution and sex work vary across the EU and target three key components
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 b (new) — having regard to the European Sex Workers Alliance policy brief entitled “Assesment of the impact of Covid 19 on Sex Worker’s access to health services in Europe and Central Asia”
Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Notes that approaches to regulating
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Notes that approaches to regulating prostitution vary across the EU and target three key components of this system: prostituted persons, the purchase of sex (i.e. demand), and pimping; stresses that the different laws have different effects on women in prostitution, their rights, women’s rights in general, gender equality, demand, societ
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Notes that approaches to regulating prostitution vary across the EU and target three key components of this system: prostituted persons, the purchase of sex (i.e. demand), and
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Notes that approaches to regulat
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Notes that approaches to
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Rejects the premise of an overly- simplified ideological battle that polarises the debate into two camps: it is important to evaluate all models with a realistic perspective to see which parts of each model work best; highlights that a simplified binary approach has the potential to overlook the advantages and disadvantages of the respective models which only serves to hinder those involved in prostitution;
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. underlines that the differences between the regulation of prostitution in legislative frameworks of different member states contribute to the creation of a fertile operating ground for OCGs and individuals to traffic with purpose of sexual exploitation;
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Points out that prostitution does not fall within the competences of the European Union; notes that it is up to the sovereign Member States to address this matter;
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Notes that Member States should seek effective measures to reduce prostitution and thus trafficking in human beings;
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Regrets the lack of reliable, accurate and comparable data across countries necessary for global and critical analyses in order to provide to Member States all necessary tools to adopt or review policies that are ineffective to fight the human trafficking and organised crimes and have significant negative effects on people selling sex and their rights;
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 c (new) — having regard to the Front Line Defenders policy brief entitled “Sex Workers Rights Defenders at risk”
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Regrets the lack of reliable, accurate and comparable data across countries; urges the Member States and the EIGE to collect comparable data, disaggregated by sex, age, socio-economic class and nationality;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2.
Amendment 172 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Regrets the lack of reliable, accurate and comparable data across
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Notes that
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Notes that women in prostitution experience more violence than women on average; refers to a 201
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Notes that women
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Notes, that in Austria, the professional groups concerned including the executive, police, public authorities, medical services, counselling centres for sex service providers and the advocacy groups for sex service providers, agree that it is better to create a legal framework for sex workers, rather than to indulge in the illusion that it is possible to improve the situation of sex workers by criminalising the purchase of sex 1a _________________ 1a Report of the Austrian Government WG on prostitution, https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/agen da/frauen-und- gleichstellung/prostitution.html)
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 d (new) — having regard to the Amnesty International report entitled “We live within a violent system.” Structural violence against sex workers in Ireland;
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the findings of this study with regard to the experiences of women in prostitution with abuse in childhood and adolescence with 43% stating that they have experienced sexual abuse during their childhood and 52% reporting frequent or occasional physical punishment from their parents;
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Underlines the findings of this study with regard to the experiences of women in prostitution with abuse in childhood and adolescence; notes that it can lead to women and girls normalising abuse in prostitution;
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4 a. Notes that women selling sex who had been exposed to repressive policing had a three times higher chance of experiencing sexual or physical violence by anyone and twice more likely to have HIV1a _________________ 1a Platt L, Grenfell P, Meiksin R, Elmes J, Sherman SG, Sanders T, Mwangi P, Crago AL. Associations between sex work laws and sex workers’ health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies. PLOS Medicine. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002680
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines that consent can only be given freely when the
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines that inherent element of agency is the capacity to give and withhold consent; notes that consent can only be given freely when there is no power imbalance between the people involved or if there is no use of threat, violence or coercion; notes, at the same time,
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines that consent can
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines that consent can only be given freely when there is no power imbalance between the people involved; notes, at the same time, that it can be extremely difficult for people to realise that they are victims, especially when they do not know their rights, and recalls the dynamics of an abusive relationship; underlines in addition that the voice of women should always be listened to and recalls the need for informative, respectful programmes so that women in prostitution are abreast of their rights and obligations;
Amendment 188 #
5. Underlines that consent can only be given freely when there is no power imbalance between the people involved and that consent obtained through the giving or receiving of payments or benefits shall be irrelevant ; notes, at the same time, that it can be extremely difficult for people to realise that they are victims, especially when they do not know their rights, and recalls the dynamics of an abusive relationship;
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines that consent can only be given freely when given knowingly, of one's own free will and voluntarily, and when there is no power imbalance between the people involved; notes, at the same time, that it can be extremely difficult for people to realise that they are victims, especially when they do not know their rights, and recalls the dynamics of an abusive relationship;
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 — having regard to the Commission communication of 14 April 2021 on the EU Strategy on Combat
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines that consent can only be given freely when there is no power imbalance between the people involved; notes, at the same time, that it can be extremely difficult for people to realise that they are victims, especially when they
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Underlines that the inherent element of agency is the capacity to give or withhold consent; Notes that conflating sex work with sexual exploitation undermines the agency of people, especially women, to make informed decisions about their private and sexual lives;
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Notes that the deterioration of the social and economic situation as a result of the
Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Notes that the deterioration of the social and economic situation as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased all forms of abuse and violence against women, including
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Notes that the deterioration of the social and economic situation as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased all forms of abuse and violence against women, including prostitution in violation of their human rights; warns that this will be further aggravated by the current energy and cost-of-living crisis;
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Notes that the deterioration of the social and economic situation as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased all forms of abuse and violence against women, including
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Notes that the deterioration of the social and economic situation as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased all forms of abuse and violence against women, including in prostitution; warns that this will be further aggravated by the current energy and cost-of-living crisis;
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Underlines that prostitution proved itself far too often to be susceptible to force majures such as the Covid -19 pandemic; highlights that furlough schemes in many Member States did not apply to women in prostitution, recalls the example of the Netherlands which - where the affected woman was registered with the national chamber of commerce - allowed women in prostitution to access necessary financial support;
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. highlights the acute risk of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation Ukrainian women and girls face due to their vulnerable situation fleeing from Russia’s war against Ukraine and relocating in other countries;
Amendment 199 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) 6 b. Sresses that greater awareness is needed to better understand the increasingly shift of prostitution into the virtual space;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 a (new) — having regard to 2012 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2012/C 326/02);
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 a (new) — having regard to CEDAW, General Recommendation No. 37, CEDAW/C/GC/37, 2018;
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Underlines that the European Parliament recognised, in its resolution of 26 February 2014 on sexual exploitation
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Underlines that the European Parliament recognised, in its resolution of 26 February 2014 on sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality, that prostitution and sexual exploitation are violations of human dignity, contravene human rights principles such as gender equality and are therefore contrary to the principles of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union;
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Underlines that the European Parliament recognised, in its resolution of 26 February 2014 on sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality, that prostitution and sexual exploitation are violations of human dignity, contravene human rights principles such as gender equality and are therefore contrary to the principles of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union;
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. Underlines that the European Parliament called for, in its resolution on The EU Strategy for Gender Equality of 21 January 2021, a concrete framework for the rights and protection of sex workers during and after a crisis; further insists on the importance of including measures and strategies that tackle the discrimination faced by sex workers in access to funding, housing, healthcare, education and other services1a; _________________ 1a Texts adopted, P9_TA(2021)0025
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7 a. highlights that technology facilitates the demand and the activities of human traffickers and pimps; in this context strongly regrets that the EU Digital Services Act does not particularly address human trafficking;
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Points out that Article 23 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union refers to 'equality between women and men',
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Condemns the fact that women in prostitution lack legal security because of their criminalisation, meaning they face the constant threat of police and judicial persecution, are subject to additional vulnerability and stigmatisation that negatively affect their physical and mental health, consequently experience difficulties in contacting support services and lack access to fundamental rights; deplores the fact that, at the same time, abusive and other non-law abiding clients, brothel owners and human traffickers often remain unpunished; calls on the relevant authorities within Member States to increase their efforts to end the impunity for those who commit forced prostitution;
Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Condemns the fact that women
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 a (new) — having regard to the Council of Europe Second General Report on GREVIO Activities of April 2021
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Condemns the fact that
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Condemns the fact that women in prostitution lack legal security because of their criminalisation, meaning they face the constant threat of police and judicial persecution, are subject to additional vulnerability and stigmatisation that negatively affect their health, including their mental health, consequently experience difficulties in contacting support services and lack access to fundamental rights; deplores the fact that, at the same time, clients, brothel owners and human traffickers often remain unpunished;
Amendment 212 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Condemns the fact that women in prostitution lack legal security because of their criminalisation, meaning they face the constant threat of police and judicial persecution, are subject to additional vulnerability and stigmatisation that negatively affect their health, consequently experience difficulties in contacting support services and lack access to fundamental rights; deplores the fact that, at the same time, offenders posing as clients, brothel owners and human traffickers often remain unpunished;
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8.
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) Amendment 215 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8 a. Condemns the fact that presumption of criminality and discriminatory treatment has the effect of preventing people selling sex, especially women and LGBTIQ+ persons, from seeking justice when they encounter physical or sexual violence or extortion for fear that they will instead become the focus of a criminal investigation or experience uncontrolled publicity and social pressure that can affect their private life and family;
Amendment 216 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 b (new) 8 b. Is concerned, that criminalization of solicitation, criminalization of customers and criminalization of exploitation of people selling sex in itself does not abolish prostitution or sex work, nor resolves the underlying root causes.
Amendment 218 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Points out the negative consequences of the decriminalisation of
Amendment 219 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Points out the negative consequences of the
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 10 a (new) — having regard to the Council of Europe Gender Equality Commission's report of 17 November 2022 entitled, 'The Impact of Covid-19 on Women's Access to Justice';
Amendment 220 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9.
Amendment 221 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Notes that prostitution is not an individual act of a person renting his or her body for money, rather it is a system organised for profit, a system that is intrinsically violent, discriminatory and deeply inhuman and that operates as a business and creates a market, where pimps plan and act to secure and increase their markets and where buyers of sex play a key role in boosting them;
Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Regrets the position of certain member states claiming that all sex work is inherently exploitative, notes that investigating consensual adult sex work as a crime and treating sex workers as victims, diverts resources away from dealing with genuine situations of exploitation and trafficking;
Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. underlines how individuals and OCGs are known for promptly increasing trafficking activities in countries where pimping and purchase of sex are decriminalised;
Amendment 224 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Welcomes the fact that an increasing number of countries
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10.
Amendment 226 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10.
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Welcomes the fact that an increasing number of countries are taking up and implementing the Nordic/Equality model; supports the feminist background of this model and its goal of achieving gender equality, inducing a paradigm shift and highlights the model’s positive effects on the rights of people in prostitution, the normative effect in society and the fight against human trafficking;
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Welcomes the fact that an increasing number of
Amendment 229 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Calls on the Member States to train and educate the police in order to ensure that people in prostitution and the police communicate on a basis of trust and therefore are able to detect exploitation as fast and effective as possible; recalls that migrants, racialized and trans people are overrepresented in prostitution and condemns that they are especially targeted and criminalised by the police; calls for the same comprehensive training for the judiciary;
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 11 a (new) — having regard the Council of Europe Second General Report on GREVIO Activities, April 2021;
Amendment 230 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Demands practical policies that eliminate poverty and improve social protection, tackle school failure, promote education, including sex education, and equal opportunities and treatment, the establishment of inclusive policies that help to change the lives of women, young people and men, along with measures that condemn those who exploit this sordid, shameful and inhumane business.
Amendment 231 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Stresses that human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation is a severe violation of human rights, especially for migrant women, women from disadvantaged backgrounds or LGBTIQ+ persons; strongly condemns human trafficking for sexual exploitation of all people, including women, girls and vulnerable groups;
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Welcomes the fact that several European countries strive to promote sex workers rights by meaningful inclusion of discriminated and marginalised sex workers and provide subsidies to support their community based organisation to better address the needs and rights of the most marginalised sex workers;
Amendment 233 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Recognises that legalising all facets of prostitution also has added value, such as the visibility of the women who are therefore safer and are not forced to continue their activities undergrounds;
Amendment 234 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Points out the importance of seeking the appropriate approach for each national context in order to achieve the right results based on the culture and laws that best protect its citizens;
Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 b (new) 10 b. Condemns the reality of coercion, manipulation, violence and exploitation in prostitution, where a lack of language skills, vulnerabilities and precarious conditions are exploited to make women enter and stay in prostitution;
Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 b (new) 10 b. calls for an EU-wide approach based on the Nordic/Equality Model to finally use all promising instruments that have proven efficient to reduce human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation;
Amendment 237 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 c (new) 10 c. Acknowledges that different policies to combat sexual exploitation can have different effects in different Member States; Regrets the fact that regulations, including the legalisation or criminalisation of prostitution, the involvement of exploitative third parties and the purchase of sex does not mean an end to the stigma for women in prostitution;
Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 d (new) 10 d. Refrains from comments on the effectivity of individual regulatory models and their mutual comparison; underlines that the implementation of different models regarding the regulation of prostitution across Member States allows for the conclusion, that none of the regulatory models has achieved the complete elimination of stigmatisation and discriminatory treatment of people selling sex neither effective safeguards to ensure access to health, social and justice services for people selling sex;
Amendment 239 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Notes that prostitution and trafficking for sexual exploitation only exist because there is a demand for them; recognises that any service based economy works on the concept of supply and demand but that through the promotion of a strong, competitive and free market European economy fewer women will enter prostitution as a last resort to provide for their families;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 11 b (new) — having regard to the report Sex Worker Rights Defenders At Risk, Front Line Defenders, August 2021h;
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Notes that
Amendment 241 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Notes that prostitution and trafficking for sexual exploitation only exist because there is a demand for them therefore making the reduction of demand a key instrument for the prevention of human trafficking ;
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Notes that prostitution and trafficking for sexual exploitation
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Notes that
Amendment 244 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Highlights that the approach of discouraging the demand that fosters trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation is therefore of utmost importance in order to combat the exploitation of women and girls, to protect victims and to achieve gender equality and should therefore be developed further in the revision of the EU Anti-Trafficking directive;
Amendment 245 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Points out that it is necessary to know all the causes behind the demand for prostitution such as the increasing trivialisation of sexual relations, addictions, and/or behavioural problems;
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 b (new) 11 b. whereas the demand for “sexual services” is universal and does not make a difference between voluntarily, forced, or trafficked people in prostitution; whereas it is therefore impossible to separate the discussion about prostitution and its potential regulation from the discussion around the fight against human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation and the discussion about societal factors leading to a lack of alternatives for people in vulnerable situations to earn their lives and ultimately leading to prostitution;
Amendment 247 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 c (new) 11 c. Notes that the “knowing use” approach of victims of trafficking has proven to be ineffective in order to reduce sexual exploitation due to the impossibility to prove a buyer’s knowledge; wants to raise awareness about the fact that clients who want to buy a “sexual service” inevitably, due to the high number of persons forced or lured into prostitution, de facto buy exploitation;
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 Amendment 249 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 a (new) — having regard to the Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims;
Amendment 250 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 Amendment 251 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Notes that the decriminalisation of pimping and of the purchase of sex increases demand, empowers the demand side and normalises sex buying; underlines that the stigmatisation of people, especially women, in prostitution nevertheless persists; refers to studies showing that the normalization of buying women’s bodies goes hand in hand with a greater use of violence against women and a greater sense of entitlement towards women in prostitution and women in general;
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Notes that the decriminalisation of pimping and of the purchase of sex increases demand, empowers the demand side and normalises sex buying; underlines that the stigmatisation of people, especially women, in prostitution nevertheless persists; notes that only if demand is reduced can the prostitution market shrink and thus the number of those exploited in it;
Amendment 253 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Notes that the decriminalisation of pimping and of the purchase of sex increases demand, empowers the demand side and normalises sex buying; underlines that the stigmatisation of people
Amendment 254 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Notes that narrow understanding of demand reduction that is instrumentalized by criminalising purchase of sex and criminalization of pimping is ignoring the structural and systemic discrimination against women and LGBTIQ+ persons permeating all aspects of their life, including in the context of migration;
Amendment 255 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Notes that the narrow understanding of demand reduction that is instrumentalized in the criminalisation of the purchase of sex and third parties, further exacerbates structural and systemic discrimination against women;
Amendment 256 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Underlines the importance of discouraging demand in a way that does not harm or create negative repercussions for those in prostitution and provide sufficient safeguards;
Amendment 257 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12 a. Stresses that the legalisation of selling sex (as is the case in the Nordic model) is the only way prostitutes can build trust in law enforcement and other help services;
Amendment 258 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 b (new) 12 b. Condemns that anti-trafficking police raids and rescue operations are more often than not used for immigration enforcement purposes and result in migrant persons selling sex being evicted from their homes, detained and deported as the selling of sex is grounds for deportation and denial of entry for people coming outside the EU;
Amendment 259 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 b (new) 12 b. Calls for demand reduction measures with a special focus on online advertisement and contact facilitation, ensuring efficient measures to prevent the exploitation of the prostitution of others;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 a (new) — having regard the report of UNAIDS, COVID-19 responses must uphold and protect the human rights of sex workers, 24 April 2020;
Amendment 260 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 b (new) 12 b. Notes that rights-based strategies to address demand should focus on addressing discriminatory attitudes and beliefs; particularly those directed against women and migrants1a _________________ 1a OHCHR Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, 2010
Amendment 261 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 c (new) 12 c. Regrets the broad interpretation of the third-party legislation whereby all assistance in the sale of sex is prohibited even if it is not for profit, within which people selling sex together, landlords, hotel owners, accountants and others, can be accused of pimping if they are associated with the sale of sex;
Amendment 262 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 c (new) 12 c. Calls for demand reduction measures with a special focus on online advertisement and contact facilitation, ensuring efficient measures to prevent the exploitation of the prostitution of others;
Amendment 263 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 Amendment 264 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Is concerned that the legalisation of prostitution promotes legal structures behind which traffickers can hide making it difficult for police and law enforcement bodies to combat trafficking in human beings effectively; stresses in this regard the Europol SOCTA 2021 highlighting that exploiters increasingly seek to exploit their victims in the context of supposedly voluntary business agreements and that this type of exploitation is particularly common in jurisdictions where prostitution has been legalised;
Amendment 265 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Is concerned that the legalisation of prostitution promotes legal structures behind which traffickers can hide; therefore calls on the Member States to ensure that existing legislation and regulations are properly assessed so as to avoid any loopholes which allow criminals to act with impunity;
Amendment 266 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Is concerned that the leg
Amendment 267 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Is concerned that the
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) Amendment 269 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13 a. Draws attention to the recent findings indicating that traffickers are increasingly seeking to exploit victims through 'supposedly voluntary business arrangements', where victims must hand over a share of the earnings in exchange for protection and support; notes that this type of exploitation is particularly common in jurisdictions where prostitution has been legalised1a; _________________ 1a https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/ etudes/STUD/2021/695394/IPOL_STU(20 21)695394_EN.pdf
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 b (new) — having regard Council of Europe, Gender Equality Commission: Study on the impact of Covid-19 on women’s access to justice;
Amendment 270 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13 a. Is concerned that the criminalisation of any element of sex work often compromises safety of people selling sex, leads them to work in more hidden and isolated areas and compromises their ability to organise and to effectively address exploitation in sex industry;
Amendment 271 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13 a. underlines that legalization of prostitution not only contributes to the rise of human trafficking but also that of connected crimes such as money- laundering and tax evasion;
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses that human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation is increasing due to high demand;
Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses that human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation is increasing due to high demand; points out that this is particularly visible in countries with a liberal regulatory model, whereas countries that follow approaches like the Nordic/Equality model are no longer big markets for human trafficking for that purpose; notes that due to the demand reducing measures in these countries, trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation decreases;
Amendment 274 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses that human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation is i
Amendment 275 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses that human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation, including that of minors, is increasing due to high demand; points out that this is particularly visible in countries with a liberal regulatory model, whereas countries that follow approaches like the Nordic/Equality model are no longer big markets for human trafficking for that purpose;
Amendment 276 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses that human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation is increasing due to high demand; points out that this is particularly visible in countries with a liberal regulatory model, whereas
Amendment 277 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14.
Amendment 278 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. Stresses that tackling human trafficking and tackling poverty and social exclusion are inextricably linked, the key aspects of which are: economic development, enhanced status of work and workers, higher wages and pensions, fairer distribution of wealth, and the development of a robust public social security system, a public, universal and free-of-charge national health system, and public schools that ensure all enjoy equal rights and opportunities;
Amendment 279 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14 a. Condemns that laws and policies to combat trafficking in persons are often used to identify, detain and deport undocumented migrants without providing them with either assistance or compensation1a and result in migrant sex workers being evicted from their homes, detained and deported as the selling of sex is grounds for deportation and denial of entry for people coming outside the EU _________________ 1a Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, Felipe González Morales A/73/178/Rev.1 (para 70)
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 c (new) — having regard the UN Global AIDS Strategy 2021-2025;
Amendment 280 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14 a. Stresses that in a decision released on April 12, the European Court of Human Rights accepted to consider the complaints from 261 sex workers from France, who want the French law to be recognized for infringing their fundamental rights especially the right to health and safety and the right to respect for private life.
Amendment 281 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14 a. Underlines that the greater the asymmetry between national prostitution legislation within the EU, the more victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation there are; notes that some countries of the Union may attract more trafficking flows for the purposes of sexual exploitation;
Amendment 282 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. Stresses the importance of addressing each national situation with regard to trafficking for sexual exploitation without exclusively considering models from other countries that may not suit the internal solutions of each Member State;
Amendment 283 #
14 a. Stresses the need to tackle forced prostitution in the EU’s occupied territories, and calls on the Commission to address this issue with immediate effect;
Amendment 284 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 b (new) 14b. Rejects the attempt to glamorise prostitution using terms such as 'sex workers' or 'sex work' that disguise the inherent violence and exploitation involved; emphasises the fact that prostitution is neither a job nor a career opportunity;
Amendment 285 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Notes that the different approaches to regulation in the EU have different effects and that women in prostitution have different rights and levels of protections in different EU Member States; underlines that, according to the European Women’s Lobby, on average, 70 % of the individuals in prostitution in the EU are migrant women and that trafficking for the purpose of
Amendment 286 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Notes that the different approaches to regulation in the EU have different effects and that
Amendment 287 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Notes that the different approaches to regulation in the EU have different effects and that women
Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Notes that the different approaches to regulation in the EU have different effects and that women in prostitution have different rights and protections in different EU Member States; underlines that, on average, 70 % of the individuals in prostitution in the EU are migrant women and that trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation mostly affects women and girls
Amendment 289 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 d (new) — having regard to CEDAW, General Recommendation on women’s access to justice, at 4, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/GC/33 (2015);
Amendment 290 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15 a. Recalls that women in the LGB and Transgender communities, including prostitutes themselves must be meaningfully involved and included in the development of national prostitution policies and wider European discussions;
Amendment 291 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15 a. notes that trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation mostly affects migrant women, especially women and girls coming from the east of the European Union and Sub-Saharan Africa;
Amendment 292 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Recalls that the prostitution market and its actors operate across borders; Stresses that the divergent rules mean that some EU Member States have more victims of trafficking in human beings than others
Amendment 293 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Stresses that
Amendment 294 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Highlights, that criminal networks engaged in human trafficking, and similar activities, which provides human labour for hard tasks including but not limited to agriculture, extraction, sex work, manufacturing and other areas, are often international in nature, and cannot effectively be addressed by individual member states.
Amendment 295 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Calls for measures on EU level in order to effectively tackle the cross-border implications of prostitution;
Amendment 296 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 7 Impact on gender equality
Amendment 297 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Emphasises that women in all their diversity have amongst others the fundamental rights to physical and mental integrity, respect for private life and family and to choose an occupation and to engage in work;
Amendment 298 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 b (new) 16 b. Underlines that debates around sex work have historically served as a central site on which to exert control over women, their bodies and their choices;
Amendment 299 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Emphasises that the gender-specific nature of prostitution reflects and replicates the prevailing power relations; stresses that prostitution and sexual exploitation are both a cause and a consequence of the unequal treatment of women and men and replicate and perpetuate stereotypes about women and men; Stresses that deeply rooted gender stereotypes related to women’s sexuality and morality, combined with gaps in legislation and its implementation, render women selling sex subject to frequent criminal sanctions even in countries where prostitution is legalised;
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 b (new) — having regard to the 2000 Council Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation;
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 e (new) — having regard to the judgement of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-268/99: Aldona Malgorzata Jany and Others v Staatssecretaris van Justitie. 20th November 2001.
Amendment 300 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Emphasises that the gender-specific nature of
Amendment 301 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Emphasises that the gender-specific nature of prostitution reflects and replicates the prevailing power relations; stresses that the majority of sex workers are women which widens the inequality gap between the genders and that prostitution and sexual exploitation are both a cause and a consequence of the unequal treatment of women and men and replicate and perpetuate stereotypes about women and men;
Amendment 302 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Emphasises that
Amendment 303 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17 a. Stresses that, as pointed out by Europol,1a in countries where prostitution and the purchase of sexual services are decriminalised, there is no preclusion or limitation of the different forms of exploitation of women and children and there is no reduction in illegal activities by individuals and OCGs operating in European and non-European contexts; _________________ 1a Europol Situation Report: Trafficking in human beings in the EU', February 2016.
Amendment 304 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17 a. Calls on EIGE to put together an analysis of how AI could serve to protect prostitutes from vulnerable and potentially dangerous situations; highlights the need for privacy for all parties when in compliance of the law but underlines as well that when used efficiently AI can both protect peoples’ identities and create a safe, managed place in which women can operate;
Amendment 305 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17a. Stresses the importance of not explaining the problems related to prostitution and sexual exploitation through theories that have no scientific basis and which may in turn generate new stereotypes where men are prejudged as the presumed aggressors or sole seekers of these services;
Amendment 306 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) Amendment 307 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17 a. Recognises that prostitution is linked to structural violence to which women are disproportionally exposed and that often creates precarious life situations that drive women and girls into prostitution; underlines as well that prostitution is difficult to escape from;
Amendment 308 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 b (new) 17 b. Calls on Member States to promote STEM learning so that girls can play an active role in in developing technology for women’s needs;
Amendment 309 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Stresses the different effects of different regulatory measures on men, young people and society as a whole; highlights that there appears to have been a significant and positive shift in attitudes among boys and men in Sweden after the introduction of the Nordic model, whereby women are seen less as objects to satisfy man’s sexual desire but instead as victims of exploitation; whereby this dissuades them from purchasing sex;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 f (new) — having regard to the decision of the European Court of Human Rights request no. 63664/9 in case M.A. and 256 others against France. 12th April 2021.
Amendment 310 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Stresses the different effects of different regulatory measures on men, young people and society as a whole; points out that the human rights of women and girls are systematically breached in the sex industry, including prostitution, particularly their right to dignity; points out that those rights are inalienable;
Amendment 311 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Stresses the different effects of different regulatory measures on men, young people and society as a whole; stresses that the normalization of prostitution has a negative impact on young people's perceptions and expectations of sexuality and the relations between women and men and their understanding of gender equality;
Amendment 312 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Stresses the different effects of
Amendment 313 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) Amendment 314 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18 a. Emphasises that sexuality education is an essential measure in working towards a violence-free society as it challenges harmful gender stereotypes, promotes diversity, bodily autonomy, and physical and mental integrity; Notes that sexuality education sheds light on the social taboo of sexuality and addresses it as an integral part of our lives related to our health and well-being;
Amendment 315 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18a. Emphasises that exploitation in prostitution must be fully acknowledged as a breach of fundamental rights, because it is an extreme form of violence and oppression against prostituted women that represents an attack on the dignity and rights of all women;
Amendment 316 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 b (new) 18 b. Condemns the negative effects of certain types of pornography, reproducing harmful stereotypes and altering the perceptions about relationships and sexuality and thus hampering gender equality;
Amendment 317 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Underlines the Member States’ obligation to protect women’s rights and physical integrity and promote gender equality, and highlights the EU’s role in doing this within the international community and in creating equal protection and equal rights across Member States; calls on all remaining Member States to ratify the Istanbul convention as soon as possible;
Amendment 318 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Underlines the Member States’ obligation to protect women’s rights and physical integrity and promote gender equality and diversity, and highlights the EU’s role in doing this within the international community and in creating equal protection and equal rights across Member States;
Amendment 319 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Underlines the Member States’ legal obligation to protect women’s rights and physical integrity and promote gender equality, and highlights the EU’s role in doing this within the international community and in creating equal protection and equal rights across Member States;
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital -A (new) -A. whereas all people have a right to make decisions governing their bodies, free from discrimination, coercion and violence
Amendment 320 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19 a. Calls on the Member States to ensure adequate provision of contraception as a means of preventing sexually transmitted infections as well as unwanted pregnancies for prostitutes; calls particularly on the government of Poland to ease the restrictions of contraception, especially emergency contraception;
Amendment 321 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19a. Stresses that neoliberal policies make women more vulnerable, both collectively and individually, leading to greater exploitation and to poverty and marginalisation, a situation which is also fuelling the trafficking of women and prostitution;
Amendment 322 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19 a. Highlights the fact that only the decriminalisation of sex work and the adoption of a human rights based approach can help people selling sex to have full access to their fundamental rights;
Amendment 323 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 b (new) 19b. Notes that the current economic situation contributes to harassment, violence of all kinds, and prostitution, with women as the victims, in breach of human rights; stresses the need to increase public, financial and human resources in order to support groups at risk of poverty and tackle situations posing a risk to children and young people, the elderly, people with disabilities and the homeless;
Amendment 324 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 b (new) 19 b. Urges all Member States to decriminalise the consensual exchange of sexual services between adults for remuneration, including the decriminalisation of clients and third parties.
Amendment 325 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 c (new) 19 c. Urges the Commission, together with Member States and sex worker-led community groups to establish a concrete framework for the rights and protection of sex workers; further insists on the importance of including measures and strategies that tackle the discrimination faced by sex workers in access to funding, housing, healthcare, education and other services
Amendment 326 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 c (new) 19c. Recognises the role and work of social organisations that support prostituted women and defend women's rights; calls on the Member States to support and cooperate with those organisations;
Amendment 327 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 d (new) Amendment 328 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 e (new) 19 e. Calls on the EU institutions to ensure visible support for sex worker rights defenders acknowledging the critical work they carry out in defending the basic human rights of communities that are among the most marginalised1a; _________________ 1a Front Line Defenders August 2021 “Sex Workers Rights Defenders at risk”
Amendment 329 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 f (new) 19 f. Calls on the Commission to implement gender budgeting throughout all the instruments of the multiannual financial framework 2021-2027, including the Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values, the ESF+ and the structural and cohesion funds and using such funds to ensure access to essential services such as housing, healthcare and education, as well as pathways out of exploitative labour, especially for the most marginalised groups, including sex workers;
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital -A a (new) -A a. Whereas “prostitution” “sexual exploitation” and “trafficking” are often conflated despite the fact that they are distinctly different phenomena; whereas human trafficking ia an egregious human rights violations; whereas there is no internationally agreed definition for sexual exploitation; whereas so called prostitution refers to the act of the exchange of money for sexual services between two consenting adults;
Amendment 330 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 g (new) 19 g. Calls for the Commission to ensure that funding from the Citizens, Rights, Equality and Values programme is accessible for the whole of civil society including community and grassroots groups run by and for sex workers, especially those currently employed within the industry;
Amendment 331 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls on the Member States to take action in the areas of prevention, decriminalisation of people in prostitution, exit programmes, demand reduction, punishment of clients, destigmatisation and the elimination of stereotypes; calls on the Member States to reduce demand while
Amendment 332 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls on the Member States to take action in the areas of
Amendment 333 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls on the Member States to take action in the areas of prevention, decriminalisation of people
Amendment 334 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls on the Member States to take action in the areas of prevention, decriminalisation of people in prostitution, exit programmes, demand reduction, punishment of clients, destigmatisation and the elimination of stereotypes; calls on the Member States to reduce demand while protecting women and their rights, to end the criminalisation and stigmatisation of people in prostitution and to ensure exit strategies and unconditional access to social security systems and reintegration by going towards the Nordic/Equality model;
Amendment 335 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls on the Member States to take action in the areas of prevention, decriminalisation of people in prostitution, exit programmes, demand reduction,
Amendment 336 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls on the Member States to take action in the areas of prevention, decriminalisation of people in prostitution, exit programmes, demand reduction, punishment of clients
Amendment 337 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20 a. Stresses the need for exit programmes to facilitate, where possible, women’s access to training, jobs and credit from, for example, women venture capitalists, business angels and investors; underlines the need for women role models, founders and owners of private companies and start-ups to help support former and practicing prostitutes realise their entrepreneurial potential;
Amendment 338 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20 a. Highlights that the European Court of Justice has ruled1a that the activity of sex work pursued in a self- employed capacity can be regarded as a service provided for remuneration and therefore persons selling sex can work legally in any European Union country as long as they are self-employed and sex work is tolerated there. _________________ 1a CJUE, 20 Nov 2001, C-268/99,Aldona Malgorzata Jany and Others
Amendment 339 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20 a. Calls on Member States to develop information and awareness raising campaigns highlighting the importance of consent and the responsibility of clients to respect sex workers' consent and right to decent working conditions including freedom from violence;
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas prostitution, its exploitation, and trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation
Amendment 340 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 b (new) 20 b. Calls on the Member States to take action in the areas of prevention, decriminalisation of people selling sex, exit programmes, destigmatisation and the elimination of stereotypes; calls on the Member States to ensure a better protection of women and their rights, to end the criminalisation and stigmatisation of people selling sex and to ensure exit strategies and unconditional access to social security systems and reintegration; Calls on the Member States to ensure that people selling sex are involved in policy making concerning their lives and rights;
Amendment 341 #
20 b. Urges Member States to introduce rehabilitation programmes that include safe accommodation and secure care, medical help, psychological help (trauma therapy), specialised help for women with addictions and specialised help for women with children;
Amendment 342 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 c (new) 20 c. Calls for adequate protections for LGBTI prostitutes who have reported facing discrimination, humiliation and denial of services from healthcare workers, either based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, or any combination of these; recalls that the denial of services based on the grounds of their sexual orientation is a breach of the European charter of fundamental rights; calls for better access to PREP and PEP medication as well as awareness about when and where they are available;
Amendment 343 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 c (new) 20 c. Calls on Member States to commit necessary resources to social programmes designed to address and mitigate the root causes of prostitution and sex work by strengthening medical, financial, legal, employment and traning support for persons selling sex and vulnerable people, and to commit resources to provide support for victims of domestic and sexual violence and support reception centres;
Amendment 344 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 d (new) 20 d. Calls on Member States to ensure proper training of staff at all levels and especially in enforcement, judicial and other legal services, to support and guarantee the rights of those in prostitution and persons selling sex without prejudice to stigma typically associated with sex work;
Amendment 345 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 e (new) 20 e. Calls on Members States to undertake awareness initiatives aimed to let people selling sex know of their rights regardless of legal status and access to alternatives to sex work. Observes that any programmes must be based on a holistic approach including metal health and health services, housing support, education, training and employment services.
Amendment 346 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 Amendment 347 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 Amendment 348 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls on the Member States to ensure that it is punishable as a criminal offence to solicit, accept or obtain a sexual act from a person in exchange for remuneration, the promise of remuneration, the provision of a benefit in kind or the promise of such a benefit; calls on Member States to consider how to avoid proliferation of advertisements that encourages the prostitution of young female students by old rich men, also know as "sugar daddysm";
Amendment 349 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls on the Member States to ensure that it is punishable as a criminal offence to solicit
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas prostitution, its exploitation, and trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation are increasing; whereas they are gender- specific phenomena with a global dimension and affect the most marginalised members of our societies, with the vast majority of people in prostitution being women and girls and almost all sex buyers being men; whereas prostitution is not only harmful for women on prostitution but also a school of inequality for all women and girls; whereas prositution harms all women and digital world, if unregulated, will make them even more vulnerable;
Amendment 350 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls on the Member States to ensure that it is punishable as a criminal offence to
Amendment 351 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Stresses regulation EU 679/2016’s rules on use and sharing of personal data beyond the scope for which personal data is collected, and underlines that data collected from victims seeking support may not be passed to other authorities except on the legal basis of the data subject’s express consent. Takes note, that illegal sharing of personal data may have severe consequences for the data subject and should be considered under EU679/2016 article 83(5).
Amendment 352 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) Amendment 353 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Calls on the Member States to ensure that it is punishable as a criminal offence to exploit the prostitution of another person even with the consent of that person;
Amendment 354 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Calls on the Member States to
Amendment 355 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Calls on the Member States to take measures to combat the
Amendment 356 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22a. Calls on the Member States to tackle all kinds of insecure working conditions, in accordance with the principle that permanent employment contracts should be provided for permanent jobs, in order to improve social protection during unemployment and tackle growing poverty, particularly among women;
Amendment 357 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 b (new) Amendment 358 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls for specific measures to assist women in prostitution with their social and professional reintegration; calls for such exit programmes to work gradually, for women to be supported on their personal paths and for people’s potential to be recognised, with and professional training and further education programmes being adapted to take account of this; notes that the majority of women would like to give up prostitution and that, therefore, effort should be made to promote the adoption of exit programmes so that women who wish to do so have the confidence and state support to build a life free from violence;
Amendment 359 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas prostitution, its exploitation, and trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation are
Amendment 360 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls for specific measures to assist women
Amendment 361 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls on the Member States for specific measures to assist
Amendment 362 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Calls for specific measures to assist women
Amendment 363 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23a. Urges the Member States to provide public social services for victims of trafficking or sexual exploitation, offering psychological and social support and staffed by specialised professionals, and to implement social policies aimed at helping vulnerable women and girls to leave prostitution, specifically by guaranteeing them jobs which will effectively result in their social inclusion;
Amendment 364 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23 a. Recalls the highly successful RUPS exit programme in the Netherlands where any prostitute can go to for help, guidance and support irrespective of whether they work in a sex club, via the internet, in the street or in any other way;
Amendment 365 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23 a. Calls on the Commission to include information about the legal status of sex work on the "Your Europe" website to facilitate the safe and free movement of sex workers throughout the European Union;
Amendment 366 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23 a. Calls for Member States to support those trafficked for sexual exploitation in the regularisation of their residency status;
Amendment 367 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 b (new) 23b. Calls on the Member States to design and implement policies to deal with trafficking, sexual exploitation and prostitution, and to ensure that all relevant parties, such as NGOs, the police and other law enforcement agencies, and social and medical services, are supported, involved in decision-making processes and work in cooperation;
Amendment 368 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 b (new) Amendment 369 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 c (new) 23 c. Notes that exit programmes for women seeking to leave prostitution are best able to help women and girls in a free market economy that is high growth and in turn able to provide women and girls with good quality, well-paying jobs that represents a viable alternative to prostitution;
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas prostitution, its exploitation, and trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation are increasing; whereas, in many cases, they tar
Amendment 370 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 d (new) 23 d. Underscores that obstacles to growth in the economy will not deter women and girls from entering prostitution but instead increase it through a lack of opportunities in the wider economy;
Amendment 371 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 e (new) 23 e. Calls on the Commission to launch a programme that would engage prostitutes (both former and current) into a training scheme that would help them kick start their own entrepreneurial activity;
Amendment 372 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Calls for comprehensive psychological, medical and socio- economic support for victims and survivors; insists on prostituted persons having prompt access to a range of support for their social and professional reintegration, specifically by providing them with easy access to social protection mechanisms (minimum basic income, support for housing and healthcare, further schooling and access to vocational training) and guaranteeing their children access to social provisions;
Amendment 373 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Calls
Amendment 374 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Calls for comprehensive psychological, medical
Amendment 375 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Calls for comprehensive psychological, medical and socio-
Amendment 376 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Calls on the Commission to put forward awareness-raising campaigns with the aim of discouraging the demand, highlighting the link between the demand for sexual services and the phenomenon of trafficking for sexual exploitation and the high numbers of women being trafficked inside and to the European Union; furthermore calls for awareness- raising for the particular risks people and especially women in prostitution face, including the high prevalence of gender- based violence; calls for these campaigns to further target young people and men while also dismantling stereotypes;
Amendment 377 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Calls for a financial support for the civil society defending rights of persons selling sex; Regrets that these organisations and communities are targeted by hate speech and defamation campaigns by government officials or influential public personalities especially in countries that aim at abolishing prostitution;
Amendment 378 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to work together with the FRA and EIGE to collect data on sex work in the EU in order to examine the experience of people selling sex and to act as the basis for common EU guidelines on access to fundamental rights for sex workers;
Amendment 379 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Calls for a European wide agreement that explicitly forbids prostitution by those under the age of 21, those who are pregnant, as well as a ban on street-based prostitution and other inhumane “working” conditions;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas
Amendment 380 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Calls on the European Union to increase employment opportunities for those exiting prostitution, in particular through the European Social Fund +;
Amendment 381 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 b (new) 24 b. Regrets the fact that the European Commission Citizens, Rights, Equality and Values Programme rejected funding addressing intersectional discrimination of persons selling sex in past on the bases that the legislative competence on how prostitution and sex work is regulated remains within the discretion of the EU Member States; Calls on the European Commission to include the issue of intersectional discrimination of persons selling sex into its funding programmes; In line with the EU's Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders, calls on the EU institutions to ensure visible support for defenders of rights of persons selling sex acknowledging the critical work they carry out in defending the basic human rights of communities that are among the most marginalised; Ensure non- discriminatory access for these organisations to EU human rights funding streams including with regards to Human Rights Defenders protection;
Amendment 382 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 b (new) 24 b. Recalls the need for informed decisions to be taken before wide sweeping conclusions can be drawn; highlights that while there is no one single Nordic model applied in the same way within the Union, the implementation of the Nordic model continues to take place; underlines that when implementing the Nordic model, Member States should take advantage of best practices employed in other Member States;
Amendment 383 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 b (new) 24 b. Calls for full access to non- discriminatory and universal health and social services as well as to the justice system for everyone, especially for people and women in prostitution;
Amendment 384 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 b (new) 24 b. Calls on the Commission to improve data collection techniques in order to effectively monitor the levels of prostitution on an individual Member State and Union level;
Amendment 385 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 c (new) 24 c. Calls on the Fundamental Rights Agency of the EU to address the issue of human rights of persons selling sex and to compile research that will provide reliable information and data on the human rights situation of persons selling sex in the EU- in particular in the area of their access to justice system.
Amendment 386 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 c (new) Amendment 387 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 c (new) 24 c. Highlights that people who had to commit criminal acts in the framework of their exploitation should not be charged for these;
Amendment 388 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 d (new) 24 d. Calls on the Commission, in cooperation with the Member States, to investigate how the demand for prostitution fuels human trafficking and to take into consideration reports by Europol that prove that legalised environments facilitate the exploitation of victims for human traffickers;
Amendment 389 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 e (new) 24 e. Calls on Europol to step up the cross-border collaboration and exchange of information, in particular with regard to data collection;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas prostitution, its exploitation, and trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 — having regard to Article 6 of the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which aims to
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. Whereas sexual exploitation through the prostitution of others is a form of sexual exploitation which has already been recognised as an offence in legal acts of the Union, namely Directives 2011/36/EU and 2011/93/EU; whrereas sexual exploitation through the prostitution of others is a gross violation of a person's right to bodily integrity and implies that both a person and their consent to sexual activity can be purchased for a given sum;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas prostitution is a form of slavery incompatible with human dignity and with fundamental human rights, as it is inextricably tied to inequalities between women and men and has an impact on their status in society and the perception of their mutual relations and their sexuality; whereas prostitution is undoubtedly a heart-rending expression of violence against women;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. Whereas deeply rooted gender stereotypes related to women’s sexuality and morality, result in the stigmatisation and discriminatory treatment of sex workers, including by law enforcement officers, based on their transgression of gendered social and sexual norms or for not conforming to gender roles specifically because they are sex workers;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas the EU is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A b (new) A b. whereas sexual exploitation is a serious form of violence that mostly affects women and girls; whereas the EU needs to support neighbouring countries in order for them to increase funding for social support and access to services for victims of trafficking and sexual exploitation, with psychological and social support from specialists, and to introduce specialised services dedicated to the full social and economic inclusion of marginalised women and girls to free them from sexual exploitation;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A b (new) Ab. whereas prostitution should be addressed by Member States since the Union has no competence in this area;
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A c (new) Ac. whereas human trafficking has a cross-border dimension that requires the authorities in Member States to collaborate in order to address it;
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A d (new) Ad. whereas attributing the full responsibility for this phenomenon to the possible existence of cultural stereotypes detracts from understanding the problem and, therefore, its possible solution;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 a (new) — having regard to Articles 1 and 4 of the 2011 Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention);
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the internationally accepted wording used in most legally binding texts is prostitution of women and prostitution; whereas this text intentionally does not use the wording “sex work” not wanting to mask the violence and abuse that people and especially women in prostitution encounter in their large majority; whereas using this wording however does not seek to discriminate people that consider themselves as sex worker;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the internationally accepted wording used in most legally binding texts focused on policing and criminality is prostitution of women and prostitution; however international documents and organisation focused on health and human rights use the term sex workers, as this term does not include negative connotations of criminality; highlights that self-identification of those concerned should be always respected
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. whereas the terms “prostitution”, “prostitute”, “women in prostitution” or “prostituted women” denote value judgement; the term “prostitution” has connotations of criminality and immorality and serves to stigmatise an already marginalised community; whereas people who sell sexual services prefer the term “sex worker”, and find the use of “prostitute” contributes to their exclusion from health, legal, social and justice services; whereas in recent years international bodies use the terms sex worker or people selling sex
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. whereas sex work, broadly defined, is the exchange of sexual services including sexual acts between consenting adults for money or goods, which may involve working independently, with others, or for a third party, regularly or sporadically; whereas if the consent between parties is absent for any reason, including threat or use of force, fraud, abuse of power or involving a child, such activity cannot be considered as a sex work and would constitute a human rights violation;
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. whereas Article 2 of directive 2011/36/EU states that the consent of a victim of trafficking in human beings to the exploitation, whether intended or actual, shall be irrelevant where it is obtained through the giving or receiving of payments or benefits;
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas prostitution reduces all intimate acts to their monetary value and diminishes the human being to the level of a form of goods or an object to be used by the client,
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B b (new) B b. whereas human trafficking is defined as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people through threat, force, fraud, deception, abduction, abuse of power or a position of vulnerability or other forms of coercion, with the aim of exploiting them for profit; whereas victims of human trafficking can be of all sex and genders, all ages and from all backgrounds, this dangerous phenomenon affects disproportionally women and girls and other vulnerable groups in every region of the world, whereas traffickers often use violence, fraudulent employment agencies and fake promises of education and job opportunities to trick and coerce their victims and profit from a very developed and well financed criminal network, in the shadow of society;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas different regulatory measures concerning prostitution have different effects on gender equality impacting a society’s understanding of gender issues and inequalities and conveying messages and norms to it;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 a (new) — having regard to the Commission on Human Rights Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2000/68, 2000;
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas different regulatory measures concerning prostitution have different effects on
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas different regulatory measures in the Member States concerning prostitution have different effects on gender equality;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas different regulatory measures concerning
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas gender equality and women’s rights, their self-determination and safety, need to be in the heart of any regulation aimed at discouraging the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons; whereas policies tackling demand have to be especially focused on educational, social or cultural measures, including through bilateral and multilateral cooperation;
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas Member States should ensure that when an offence is committed with the intention of earning profit or gain or that an offence actually brought profit or gain from the prostitution of another person (i.e. profiting from human trafficking) that this profit is considered to be an aggravating circumstance;
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas different policy measures currently implemented in the EU member states concerning people providing sexual services fail to address stigma, institutional discrimination and violence - including police violence, marginalisation and human rights violations against people selling sex
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C b (new) C b. whereas in Member States the ban of prostituted persons under 21 years of age, pregnant women and women working in the streets should be considered as a basic concept within a European framework and thereby respected and applied in all Member States;
Amendment 67 #
C b. whereas prostitution exists within a system in which different actors interact, with pimps and others trying to maximize their profits from prostitution and sex buyers who constitute the demand;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C c (new) C c. whereas street-based prostitution represents an environment which is devoid of humane conditions for women;
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas women
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 a (new) — having regard to the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (‘Istanbul Convention’)
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas various studies show that women in prostitution face more violence and exploitation than women on average; whereas sex must be based on consent which should always be given freely and voluntarily and cannot be substituted by the exchange of money;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas women in prostitution face more violence and exploitation than women on average; whereas the majority of women would like to give up prostitution and whereas effort should be made to promote the adoption of exit programmes;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas women
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. Whereas a presumption of criminality and discriminatory treatment has the effect of preventing sex workers from seeking justice when they encounter physical or sexual violence or extortion for fear that they will instead become the focus of a criminal investigation; Wheeras aggressors can direct violence at sex workers with relative impunity.
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas perpetrators may include not only violent clients and exploitative third parties but also police officers; whereas prohibition and criminalisation of prostitution can make it even more difficult to report the experience of violence; whereas these crimes against them are under-reported, under- investigated and unpunished;
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas, among other things, a lack of high quality and easily accessible and sufficiently financed exit programmes leads to women and people staying in prostitution while they would prefer leaving it;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) Da. whereas all victims of these practices should receive comprehensive care and support to overcome difficulties and return to employment;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D b (new) D b. whereas access to justice for people selling sex has always been compromised by discriminatory stereotypes and stigma; whereas people selling sex are consequently afraid of the police and immigration authorities and do not report cases of abuse and violence to authorities due to the well-founded fear that they will either receive no support, or even get fined, detained or deported;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D b (new) D b. Whereas sex workers are among the most precarious of informal workers, in part due to the criminalisation of various aspects of their work, such as clients and brothels, which often results in them also being criminalised; whereas they are also exposed to high rates of workplace violence.
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D c (new) D c. whereas due to lack of human rights impact assessment and lack of meaningful inclusion and consultation of affected communities the well-intended interventions that aim to prevent violence and exploitation in the sex industry fail; whereas international research, undertaken by amongst others UNDP, UNFPA, UNAIDS and the World Health Organisation, demonstrates legislation to disproportionately affect persons selling sex's rights and safety.
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 a (new) — having regard to the Article 8 of TFEU and its commitment to promote gender equality in all of Union’s actions;
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D c (new) D c. whereas there is limited access to justice for sex workers due to discriminatory stereotypes; whereas people selling sex are reticent to report cases of abuse and violence to authorities due to the fear of being ignored, receiving no support, or being fined, detained or deported1a _________________ 1a https://rm.coe.int/revised-study-on-the- impact-of-covid-19-on-access-to-justice- 19-1-2023/1680a9d0c8
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D d (new) D d. whereas personal data of a sensitive nature collected during investigations of sexual violence is routinely shared outside the scope of the original investigation between authorities and in many cases lead to disproportionate punishment of persons selling sex, such as by eviction, deportation or through social sanctions.
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas ensuring the
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas ensuring the physical integrity of all and guaranteeing equality and respect for
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas ensuring the physical integrity of all and guaranteeing equality and respect for women’s rights must be at the heart of Member State and EU policies in relation to prostitution;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas ensuring the physical integrity of all and guaranteeing equality and respect for
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) Ea. whereas sexual and reproductive health is fostered through healthy approaches to sexuality conducted with mutual respect;
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas there are strong links between prostitution and organised crime such as human trafficking; whereas in particular women and girls in vulnerable situations are trafficked for the purpose of prostitution and prostitution serves at the same time as an incentive for human trafficking;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas the
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas human trafficking concerns many domains such as domestic work, agriculture and mining amongst others; where as there are
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 b (new) — having regard to the European Sex Workers Alliance policy brief entitled "Undeserving victims? A Community Report on Migrant Sex Worker Victims of Crime in Europe"
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas there are strong links between forced and sometimes non-forced prostitution and organised crime such as human trafficking;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) F a. Whereas the Turkish-occupied territories of Cyprus are used by human traffickers to exploit vulnerable women with the promise of student visas and student registration, only for them to be coerced into prostitution upon arrival and put through inhumane living conditions; whereas the Turkish-occupied territories of Cyprus serve as an area of impunity for human traffickers working in forced prostitution;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) Fa. whereas human-trafficking gangs with links to prostitution, sometimes posing as NGOs, can use illegal immigration networks to operate with impunity; whereas Member States should maximise surveillance efforts and prosecute organised crime, identifying the perpetrators;
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) Fa. whereas organised crime and corruption, human trafficking, very violent crimes and corruption grow around prostitution and whereas, where prostitution has been legalised/regulated, those who benefit most are the pimps who become 'businessmen' or 'entrepreneurs';
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) F a. whereas there are strong links between prostitution and organised crime activities such as child trafficking, sexual exploitation of minors, creation of pornographic and pedopornographic material;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F b (new) Fb. whereas the human-trafficking gangs with links spanning prostitution and organised crime that are being allowed to bring illegal immigrants to Member States are often the same gangs that then exploit the immigrants on national territory;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F b (new) F b. whereas minors who are unaccompanied or travelling with non- related adults are particularly vulnerable to trafficking and victimization;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F b (new) F b. whereas a holistic approach is needed to protect women in prostitution and put an end to the impunity of perpetrators;
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F c (new) F c. whereas the most common and widespread form of human trafficking in the EU is that for the purpose of sexual exploitation; whereas 60% of victims of human trafficking in the EU are trafficked for sexual exploitation;
source: 742.470
|
History
(these mark the time of scraping, not the official date of the change)
2023-06-03Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| commission |
|
2023-05-31Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| forecasts/0/date |
Old
2023-07-10T00:00:00New
2023-09-11T00:00:00 |
2023-04-03Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| forecasts/0/date |
Old
2023-06-12T00:00:00New
2023-07-10T00:00:00 |
2023-02-18Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| docs/1/docs/0/url |
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/FEMM-AM-742470_EN.html
|
2023-02-11Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| docs/1 |
|
2023-01-17Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| committees/0/shadows/1 |
|
2023-01-13Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| docs/0/docs/0/url |
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/FEMM-PR-740605_EN.html
|
2023-01-11Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| docs |
|
2022-12-21Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| forecasts |
|
2022-12-17Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| forecasts |
|
2022-12-05Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| forecasts |
|
2022-11-19Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| committees/0/shadows/1 |
|
2022-11-18Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| committees/0/shadows |
|
2022-09-28Show (1) Changes | Timetravel
| committees/0/rapporteur |
|
2022-09-21Show (3) Changes
| events |
|
| procedure/dossier_of_the_committee |
|
| procedure/stage_reached |
Old
Preparatory phase in ParliamentNew
Awaiting committee decision |