2022/2145(INI) EU Rapid Deployment Capacity, EU Battlegroups and Article 44 TEU: the way forward
Lead committee dossier:
Progress: Procedure completed
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | AFET |
LÓPEZ Javi ( S&D)
|
SIKORSKI Radosław ( EPP),
NART Javier ( Renew),
NEUMANN Hannah ( Verts/ALE),
KANKO Assita ( ECR),
DEMIREL Özlem ( GUE/NGL)
|
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54
Legal Basis:
RoP 54Events
2023/04/19
EP - Results of vote in Parliament
Documents
2023/04/19
EP - Decision by Parliament
Details
The European Parliament adopted a resolution by 444 votes to 96, with 86 abstentions, on EU Rapid Deployment Capacity, EU Battlegroups and Article 44 TEU: the way forward.
In adopting the Strategic Compass , Member States agreed that they should collectively be able to respond to imminent threats or to react rapidly to a crisis outside the Union at any stage of the conflict cycle, and to develop a rapid deployment capability that would allow the Union to deploy rapidly a modular force comprising land, air and sea components, as well as the necessary strategic assets.
Establishing a European Union Rapid Deployment Capacity (EU RDC)
Parliament welcomed the VP/HR’s proposal, enshrined in the Strategic Compass, to establish the EU RDC. Members stressed the importance of the EU having the necessary flexible, robust and credible instruments, capabilities, and command and control structure to act effectively and respond rapidly and decisively to prevent and manage crises in order to assert itself as a more credible security and defence actor. The EU RDC should reach full operational capability by 2025 at the latest .
Parliament encouraged the VP/HR to propose a Council decision on an EU RDC to protect the values of the Union and to serve the interests of the Union as a whole, to respond to imminent threats or to react rapidly to a crisis situation outside the Union including in non-permissive environments and during all stages of a conflict cycle.
In particular, the EU's RDC should be based on the following axes:
- being established as one of the types of European Union military capability for crisis response with its own legal and institutional identity, to allow for setting up the EU RDC as a force that is permanently available and trains together with the goal of reaching a standing force;
- reflect the challenges, risks and threats identified in the EU threat analysis;
- have at least 5 000 troops , excluding strategic enablers;
- conduct regular joint exercises at strategic, joint and tactical levels, in accordance with NATO standards, within a European framework based on operational scenarios and following uniform training and certification standards;
- provide for all force elements of the EU's CDR to be assigned exclusively to it;
- be based on rotating units, with a rotation period of 12 months;
- be deployed on the ground , so at the time of their engagement all participating Member States must notify EU RDC Headquarters of what units and equipment, including air, sea and land transport, will be permanently at the disposal of the EU RDC.
Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC)
The resolution pointed out that the EU RDC should have permanent, fully-fledged operational headquarters under the MPCC. A permanently active headquarters requires up to 350 staff members capable of planning and running EU RDC deployments. The headquarters should have adequate infrastructure, an integrated secure communication and information structure drawing on the EU’s secure connectivity programme, and facilities for secure meetings and for the use of intelligence services. Appropriate funding is necessary to allow its headquarters to carry out its functions and mandated tasks.
Article 44 of the TEU – acting in the name of the European Union
Article 44 TEU provides for possibilities to react within an EU framework to different crises in a more rapid and flexible manner with the aim of safeguarding the Union’s values and interests. However, Article 44 TEU has never been used, and is imprecise in terms of how it would work in practice. Parliament highlighted that the use of Article 44 can offer significant benefits, such as speed, flexibility and freedom of action while preserving joint EU action in situations where troop deployment needs to be rapid to prevent further escalation and where the risks to combat troops are at the higher end. It highlighted, that decision-making on the deployment of the EU RDC based on Article 44 TEU also allows for the involvement of third countries in EU RDC missions where necessary and desired.
Budgetary aspects
According to the resolution, the EU RDC’s administrative expenditure should be funded from the Union budget . It is provided that the CFSP budget is considerably increased and that ongoing civilian CSDP missions do not see their budget reduced as a consequence.
Regarding operating expenditure, including for joint exercises for fully operational capability (FOC) certification and the costs of ammunition, leasing military equipment by the EU and costs related to organising and carrying out live exercises, this should come from a revised European Peace Facility with an increased budget.
Lastly, Member States are called on to show political will and to provide the adequate amount of funds and personnel needed to take action as soon as possible to deliver the transformation of the EU battlegroup system into a more robust and flexible instrument to match the needs of the EU RDC.
Documents
2023/04/18
EP - Debate in Parliament
Documents
2023/03/28
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Details
The Committee on Foreign Affairs adopted a report by Javi LÓPEZ (S&D, ES) on EU Rapid Deployment Capacity, EU Battlegroups and Article 44 TEU: the way forward.
Since 2003 the EU has acquired extensive experience in deploying military operations and civilian missions to promote peace, security, stability and progress in Europe and in the world. These common security and defence policy (CSDP) operations and missions regularly operate alongside and complement missions of the Member States, United Nations, NATO, other international organisations and third countries.
The geopolitical landscape in Europe has changed dramatically after the outbreak of war on European soil and the overall global security situation has worsened. Therefore, the EU needs to be more responsive and credible in addressing crises.
While NATO remains the key institutional framework for Euro-Atlantic security, the EU urgently needs to assume more responsibility for its own security by acting in its neighbourhood and beyond. To achieve this end, the EU must improve its own security and defence capabilities to ensure its strategic autonomy as well as its ability to safeguard its own values and interests.
The EU Strategic Compass (approved by the Council in March 2022) called for the creation of a European Rapid Deployment Capacity that would allow the EU to send up to 5 000 troops to the field in the event of a crisis.
Establishing a European Union Rapid Deployment Capacity (EU RDC)
Members welcomed the VP/HR’s proposal to establish the EU RDC. They stressed the importance of the EU having the necessary flexible, robust and credible instruments, capabilities, and command and control structure to act effectively and respond rapidly and decisively to prevent and manage crises in order to assert itself as a more credible security and defence actor and serve and protect the Union’s citizens, interests, principles and the values enshrined in Article 21 TEU across the world. It considers the EU RDC to be crucial for closing the gap between the EU’s level of ambition and its actual capabilities. The EU RDC should reach full operational capability by 2025 at the latest.
The committee strongly encouraged the VP/HR to propose a Council decision for an EU RDC to respond to imminent threats or to react rapidly to a crisis situation outside the Union. The EU RDC should conduct regular joint exercises at the strategic, joint forces, and tactical level in line with NATO standards within an EU framework based on operational scenarios and following uniform training and certification standards, such as NATO’s, to improve readiness and interoperability.
Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC)
The report pointed out that the EU RDC should have permanent, fully-fledged operational headquarters under the MPCC. A permanently active headquarters requires up to 350 staff members capable of planning and running EU RDC deployments. Members underlined the need for appropriate funding to allow its headquarters to carry out its functions and mandated tasks. They also called for the EU RDC to have the possibility of being deployed and acting in emergencies, natural disasters such as floods or wildfires, or other significant civil-protection crises within EU territory.
Article 44 of the TEU – acting in the name of the European Union
Article 44 TEU provides for possibilities to react within an EU framework to different crises in a more rapid and flexible manner with the aim of safeguarding the Union’s values and interests. However, Article 44 TEU has never been used, and is imprecise in terms of how it would work in practice. The report highlighted that the use of Article 44 can offer significant benefits, such as speed, flexibility and freedom of action while preserving joint EU action in situations where troop deployment needs to be rapid to prevent further escalation and where the risks to combat troops are at the higher end. It highlighted, that decision-making on the deployment of the EU RDC based on Article 44 TEU also allows for the involvement of third countries in EU RDC missions where necessary and desired.
Budgetary aspects
According to the report, the EU RDC’s administrative expenditure should be funded from the Union budget. It is provided that the CFSP budget is considerably increased and that ongoing civilian CSDP missions do not see their budget reduced as a consequence. Regarding operating expenditure, including for joint exercises for fully operational capability (FOC) certification and the costs of ammunition, leasing military equipment by the EU and costs related to organising and carrying out live exercises, this should come from a revised European Peace Facility with an increased budget.
Lastly, Member States are called on to show political will and to provide the adequate amount of funds and personnel needed to take action as soon as possible to deliver the transformation of the EU battlegroup system into a more robust and flexible instrument to match the needs of the EU RDC.
Documents
2023/03/09
EP - Vote in committee
2022/12/01
EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2022/10/20
EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2022/10/20
EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2022/09/15
EP - LÓPEZ Javi (S&D) appointed as rapporteur in AFET
Documents
- Results of vote in Parliament: Results of vote in Parliament
- Decision by Parliament: T9-0113/2023
- Debate in Parliament: Debate in Parliament
- Committee report tabled for plenary: A9-0077/2023
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE739.615
- Committee draft report: PE736.698
- Committee draft report: PE736.698
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE739.615
Activities
- Heidi HAUTALA
- Javi LÓPEZ
- Dita CHARANZOVÁ
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Angel DZHAMBAZKI
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Kinga GÁL
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Seán KELLY
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Miapetra KUMPULA-NATRI
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Georgios KYRTSOS
Plenary Speeches (1)
- David McALLISTER
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Kostas PAPADAKIS
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Pina PICIERNO
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Stanislav POLČÁK
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Anders VISTISEN
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Željana ZOVKO
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Clare DALY
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Jordi CAÑAS
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Özlem DEMIREL
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Klemen GROŠELJ
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Hannah NEUMANN
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Mick WALLACE
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Domènec RUIZ DEVESA
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Joachim Stanisław BRUDZIŃSKI
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Engin EROGLU
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Anna BONFRISCO
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Łukasz KOHUT
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Barry ANDREWS
Plenary Speeches (1)
- Chris MACMANUS
Plenary Speeches (1)
Votes
La capacité de déploiement rapide de l’UE, les groupements tactiques de l’UE et l’article 44 du traité UE: la voie à suivre - EU Rapid Deployment Capacity, EU Battlegroups and Article 44 TEU: the way forward - EU-Schnelleingreifkapazität, EU-Gefechtsverbände und Artikel 44 EUV: das weitere Vorgehen - A9-0077/2023 - Javi López - Proposition de résolution #
2023/04/19 Outcome: +: 444, -: 96, 0: 86
PPE
NI
The Left
ID| Amendments | Dossier |
| 342 |
2022/2145(INI)
2022/12/01
AFET
342 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 a (new) — having regard to the Council conclusions of 19 November 2018 on the establishment of a Civilian CSDP Compact,
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 — having regard to the
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K K. whereas the integrated approach is also meant to prioritise prevention and promote the human security of local populations
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K a (new) Ka. whereas although NATO remains the foundation of the Euro-Atlantic security, the European Union urgently needs to assume more responsibility for its own safety by acting in its neighbourhood and beyond; to this end, the EU must improve its own security and defence capabilities to ensure its strategic autonomy as well as its ability to safeguard its own values and interests;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K a (new) Ka. whereas on 14 November 2022 the Council has adopted conclusions on women, peace and security whose paragraphs 7 and 14 explicitly highlight the importance of meaningful leadership of women, throughout full conflict cycle, and the implementation of the WPS agenda in CSDP missions and operations;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K a (new) Ka. whereas the EU has limited availability of strategic enablers; whereas the EU relies on the US, the UK and the trade sector to acquire strategic enablers;
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas a much needed new joint declarations on EU-
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas joint declarations on EU- NATO cooperation should define areas of cooperation and coordination, establish the tasks to be fulfilled within each framework and be accompanied by roadmaps for their implementation and put a strong emphasis on a high level of precision as regards common technical interoperability standards and norms;;
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas joint declarations on EU- NATO cooperation should define areas of cooperation and coordination, favouring at all times a European approach free from foreign interference, establish the tasks to be fulfilled within each framework and be accompanied by roadmaps for their implementation;
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas joint declarations on EU- NATO cooperation should define areas of cooperation and coordination, establish the tasks to be fulfilled within each framework and be accompanied by roadmaps for their implementation; whereas EU defence missions should complement NATO missions;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas the much anticipated third joint declaration
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas the 2016 and 2018 joint declarations on EU-
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 — having regard to the
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L a (new) La. whereas NATO's Connected Forces Initiative has led to the Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, a military unit of around 5,000 personnel whose job is to be ready at a moment’s notice to respond to major crises immediately; whereas mobilisation of such a large, well-prepared force should remain the first responders to any threat to Euro- Atlantic security as it is an existing, high- functioning combat ready force, ready to deploy in less than one week with logistical capabilities to sustain a lengthy campaign;
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Recital L a (new) La. whereas NATO remains the key institutional framework for its member states for maintaining peace and security, and deterring adversaries;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out a clear roadmap for implementing EU- level actions, in particular for transforming the EU battlegroup system, establishing a rapid deployment capacity (RDC) and paving the way towards entrusting the
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out a clear roadmap for implementing EU- level actions, in particular for
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas the Strategic Compass sets
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out a clear roadmap for implementing EU- level actions, in particular
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out a clear roadmap for implementing EU- level actions, in particular for transforming the EU battlegroup system, establishing a
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out a clear roadmap for implementing EU- level actions, in particular for transforming the EU battlegroup system, establishing a rapid deployment capacity (EU RDC) and paving the way towards entrusting the implementation of specific CSDP tasks to a group of Member States within the Union framework in accordance with Articles 42(5) and 44 of the TEU;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out a clear roadmap for implementing EU- level actions,
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 9 — having regard to the Madrid Summit Declaration adopted by the NATO Heads of State and Government participating in the North Atlantic Council meeting in Madrid on 29 June 2022, and in particular to the new NATO Strategic Concept adopted at this Summit,
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Recital M a (new) Ma. whereas while adopting the Strategic Compass, MS agreed that they must collectively be able to respond to imminent threats or to react rapidly to a crisis situation outside the Union at any stage of the conflict cycle and to develop a rapid deployment capability for the EU to rapidly deploy a modular force of up to 5000 troops, including land, air and maritime components, as well as the necessary strategic assets;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N N. whereas Article 44 has never been used, and is ambiguous in terms of how it would work in practice in specific cases; whereas decision-making for the deployment of the RDC could be made via so-called ‘constructive abstention’, whereby a Member State would not block a Council decision to launch a mission of the RDC; highlights, that lack of unanimity in the Council to launch a mission of the RDC could be circumvented through the creation of an informal ‘coalition of the willing’, which would allow an RDC mission to operate with the EU’s blessing;
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N N. whereas Article 44 has never been used, and is ambiguous in terms of how it would work in practice in specific cases; whereas Article 44 provides for possibilities to react within an EU framework in a more rapid and flexible manner to various crises with the aim of safeguarding the Union’s values and interests;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N N. whereas Article 44 has never been used, and is ambiguous in terms of how it would work in practice in specific cases
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Recital N N. whereas Article 44 has never been used, and is
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas the practical implementation of Article 44 of the TEU, as well as the establishment and operation of the RDC, should be
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas the practical implementation of Article 44 of the TEU, as well as the establishment and operation of the EU RDC, should be considered among the main aspects of the CSDP on which the Vice-
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas the p
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas the p
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas the practical implementation of Article 44 of the TEU, as well as the establishment and operation of the RDC, should be considered
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 9 — having regard to the new NATO Strategic Concept and the Madrid Summit Declaration adopted by the NATO Heads of State and Government participating in the North Atlantic Council meeting in Madrid on 29 June 2022,
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Recital O a (new) Oa. whereas potential participants in such coalitions of the willing apparently feared that the cost-benefit calculation is not favourable enough to justify the expected loss of control over the key parameters of an operation;
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Recital P P. whereas financing of the battlegroups has contributed towards disincentivising their use; whereas the scope of common costs for the rapid deployment capacity should therefore be extended; whereas, in line with Article 41 of the TEU, the administrative and operating expenditure for the RDC should be charged to the Union budget except for expenditure that is covered by the European Peace Facility, notwithstanding the possibility for participating Member States to make free-
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Recital P P. whereas, in line with Article 41.2 of the TEU, the
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Recital P P. whereas, in line with Article 41 of the TEU and previous practice building on the experience of the European security and defence college, the administrative and operating expenditure for the RDC should be charged to the Union budget except for expenditure that is covered by the European Peace Facility, notwithstanding the possibility for participating Member States to make free- of-charge contributions to the RDC;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Recital P P. whereas, in line with Article 41 of the TEU, the administrative and operating expenditure for the RDC should be charged to the Union budget except for expenditure that is covered by the European Peace Facility
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Recital P P. whereas,
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Recital P P. whereas, in line with Article 41 of the TEU, the administrative and operating expenditure for the EU RDC should be charged
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Recital P P. whereas, in line with Article 41 of the TEU, the administrative
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Recital P P. whereas,
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Recital P P. whereas, in line with Article 41 of the TEU, the administrative
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 11 — having regard to the two joint declarations on EU-NATO cooperation signed on 8 July 2016 and 10 July 2018, and the 74 proposals for common action endorsed by EU member states and NATO Allies,
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Recital P a (new) Pa. whereas it would be urgent to either enlarge the European Peace Facility to cover all costs related to the Rapid Deployment Capacity, or to establish another well-equipped financial off-budget facility for this purpose;
Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Recital P a (new) Pa. whereas more than 50 % of the budget of the European Peace Facility for the period 2021-2027 has already been used;
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Recital Q Q. whereas the relevant Union acts should be updated to reflect all of the foregoing while maintaining unanimity in decision-making concerning the CSDP within the Council;
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Recital Q Q. whereas
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Recital Q a (new) Qa. whereas the final report on the outcome of the Conference on the Future of Europe highlights the need of appointing a European Commissioner for Defence and Security and the creation of a permanent army, which is responsive and can be deployed throughout the world1a; __________________ 1a https://futureu.europa.eu/rails/active_stor age/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsib WVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBK1ZCQVE9PSI sImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9p ZCJ9fQ==-- fd6431aecc848f82a01218686dc7c6396b23 8e7c/Book_CoFE_Final_Report_EN_full. pdf?locale=en
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Recital Q a (new) Qa. whereas the commitments made in the Strategic Compass have already been laid down in the global strategy adopted in 2016;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution Recital Q b (new) Qb. whereas the Petersberg tasks consist of humanitarian and rescue tasks, conflict prevention and peace-keeping, tasks of combat forces in crisis management, including peace-making, joint disarmament operations, military advice and assistance tasks and post- conflict stabilisation tasks1a; __________________ 1a https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal- content/glossary/petersberg-tasks.html
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the VP/HR’s proposal, enshrined in the Strategic Compass, to establish
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the VP/HR’s proposal, enshrined in the Strategic Compass, to establish an RDC; stresses the importance
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 a (new) — having regard to the report on the final outcome of the Conference on the future of Europe of 9 May 2022 1a, __________________ 1a https://futureu.europa.eu/en/pages/reporti ng?format=html&locale=en
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the VP/HR’s proposal, enshrined in the Strategic Compass, to establish an RDC; stresses the importance of the EU having the necessary capabilities and structures to take action rapidly and decisively during crises in order to serve and protect the Union’s citizens, interests and values across the world; underlines, in this regard, the EU Threat Analysis as a starting point for shaping the RDC; calls for needs identified within the regularly updated Threat Analysis and developments in the operating environment to be taken into account in the RDC;
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the VP/HR’s proposal, enshrined in the Strategic Compass, to establish an EU RDC; recalls that the EU RDC should reach full operational capability by 2025; stresses the importance of the EU having the necessary capabilities and Command and Control structure
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the VP/HR’s proposal, enshrined in the Strategic Compass, to establish an RDC; stresses the importance of the EU having the necessary flexible, robust and credible instruments, capabilities and structures to take action, effectively rapidly and decisively during crises in order to serve and protect the Union’s citizens, interests and values across the world;
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the VP/HR’s proposal, enshrined in the Strategic Compass, to establish an RDC; stresses the importance of the EU having the necessary capabilities and structures to take action rapidly and decisively during crises in order to serve and protect the Union’s citizens, interests
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the VP/HR’s proposal, enshrined in the Strategic Compass, to establish an RDC;
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the VP/HR’s proposal, enshrined in the Strategic Compass, to establish an RDC; stresses the importance of the EU having the necessary capabilities and structures to take action rapidly and decisively
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the VP/HR’s proposal, enshrined in the Strategic Compass, to establish
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Calls upon the Member States to live up to their ambitions and continue to demonstrate the political will to move forward with the realisation of the RDC; underlines the clear added value of the RDC, in particular as crises will continue to emerge; calls, therefore, upon Member States to also constructively move ahead and make the RDC a symbol of joint European defence and the EU’s strategic autonomy;
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 13 b (new) — having regard to the results of the Foreign Affairs Council (Defence) of 15 November 20221a, __________________ 1a https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meeti ngs/fac/2022/11/15/
Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 1 a (new) Highlights that the RDC is a key element for the European Union's strategic autonomy and will represent a significant improvement of our capacities in security and defence; Highlights that the establishment of the RDC will create new security synergies and strengthen collective defence also in the relations with our partners;
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Considers it necessary to update the Strategic Compass in order to incorporate lessons learned from Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine launched days before its adoption and to study the advisability of adapting the Rapid Deployment Capability to the new geopolitical context;
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Emphasises that this capability is to be used in various phases of an operation in a non-permissive environment, as an initial entry force, back-up or reserve force to secure an exit;
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2. Strongly encourages the VP/HR to propose a Council Decision on establishing an EU RDC to pr
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2. Strongly encourages the VP/HR to propose a Council Decision on establishing an EU RDC to protect the Union’s values and serve its interests along the following lines taking account of the changes in the geopolitical landscape highlighted by the aggression against Ukraine:
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2. Strongly encourages the VP/HR to propose a Council Decision on establishing an EU RDC to
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2.
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2. Strongly encourages the VP/HR to propose a Council Decision on establishing an EU RDC to protect the Union’s values and serve
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2.
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2. Strongly encourages the VP/HR to propose a Council Decision on establishing an EU RDC
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has extensive experience in deploying multinational missions abroad in order to promote peace, security and progress in Europe and in the world; whereas these common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions regularly operate alongside and complement missions of the Member States, United Nations, international organisations and third countries; whereas the simultaneous presence of various actors as well as missions and operations in one conflict area underlines the importance of coordination and division of labour with a view to improving coherence and effectiveness of efforts;
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2. Strongly encourages the VP/HR to
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2. Strongly encourages the VP/HR to
Amendment 172 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – introductory part 2. Strongly encourages the VP/HR to propose
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point a Amendment 174 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point a Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point a (a) The RDC should be established bas
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point a (a) The RDC should be established as a European Union structure with its own legal and institutional identity following the example of the EEAS in order to allow for setting up the RDC as a standing force that is permanently stationed and trains together;
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point a (a) The EU RDC should be established as
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point a (a) The RDC should be established as a European Union structure with its own legal and institutional identity in 2024;
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point a a (new) (aa) The conceptual planning for the RDC should be focused, but not limited to, on crisis management tasks laid in TEU Article 43, but precepts of Article 42 and Solidarity Clause 222 should not be excluded;
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point b (b) The RDC’s tasks
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point b (b) The RDC’s tasks should include, but not be limited to, rescue and evacuation operations, initial entry and initial phase of
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point b (b) The
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point b (b) The RDC’s tasks should reflect the needs identified in the EU Threat Analysis and should include, but not be limited to, rescue and evacuation operations, initial entry and initial phase of stabilisation operations, temporary reinforcement of other missions, and acting as a reserve force to secure exit; the Council could assign further tasks as referred to under Article 44 of the TEU, and the duration and scope of the assignments should be consistent with resources allocated to the RDC;
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point b (b) The RDC’s tasks should include, but not be limited to,
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point b (b) The RDC’s tasks should encompass all of the Petersberg Tasks identified in 1992, includ
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point b (b)
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point b a (new) (ba) Stresses that joint training for civil and military officials in the DRC requires the progressive adaptation of the teaching and training of the European Security and Defence College (Established by Joint Action 20008/550/CFDP);
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point b b (new) (bb) Underlines the vital need to have exercises at the strategic, joint forces, and tactical level in line with NATO standards; advises that training of the tactical level should remain the responsibility of Member States, though it must be coordinated by the MPCC/OHQ in order to optimise their ability to operate together;
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c (c) The RDC should number at least 5 000 troops, excluding strategic enablers such as air and sea lift personnel, intelligence and strategic reconnaissance assets, special operations forces, and medical evacuation and care units; the target number for the RDC should be at least between 7 000 and 10 000 troops in total; underlines, that strategic enablers should also encompass strategic airlift capabilities, including capabilities to transport combat materiel such as tanks, and air-to-air refuelling capabilities; calls on Member States to address capability shortfalls of strategic enablers by 2025, in particular those linked to the RDC; stresses, that lack or shortfall of such capabilities should be addressed by common public procurement initiatives on the EU level, such as through EDIRPA; underlines, that common procurement initiatives are critical in ensuring the EU’s strategic autonomy in the context of a volatile regional and international environment; stresses that future EU acquisitions of weapons systems and strategic enablers should focus on ‘buying European’; stresses in this regard, that the EU should focus on building an EU single market for defence products that could facilitate joint development and procurement and therefore would achieve economies of scale and improved interoperability; welcomes in this regard the Strategic Compass’ aim of boosting cooperation and capabilities to make EU defence industrial cooperation the norm and the need for an innovative, competitive and resilient European Defence Technological and Industrial Base;
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has extensive experience in deploying multinational missions abroad in order to promote peace, security and progress in Europe and in the world, recognises that these missions have had mixed results, particularly in Africa; whereas these common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions regularly operate alongside and complement missions of the Member States, United Nations, international organisations and third countries;
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c (c) The RDC should
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c (c) The RDC should number at least 5 000 troops, excluding strategic enablers such as air and sea lift personnel, intelligence assets, special operations forces and medical evacuation and care units; the target number for the RDC should be at least between 7 000 and 10 000 troops in total; for the EU to be able to deploy up to 10.000 troops it is important for the Member States to ensure in parallel adequate capabilities of national reserve forces;
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c (c) The RDC should number at least 5 000 troops, excluding strategic enablers such as air and sea lift personnel, intelligence assets, special operations forces and medical evacuation and care units; the target number for the RDC should be at least between 7 000 and 10 000 troops in total; notes that an exact number of minimum troops can only be given after conceptual planners have analysed the potential scenarios;
Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c (c) The RDC should number at least 5 000 troops, excluding strategic enablers such as air and sea lift personnel, intelligence assets, special operation
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c (c) The RDC should number at least 5 000 troops, excluding strategic enablers
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c (c) The RDC should number at least 5 000 troops, excluding strategic enablers such as air and sea lift personnel, intelligence assets, special operations forces and medical evacuation and care units; the target number for the RDC should be at least between 7 000 and 10 000 troops in total and should be ready to move within two or three days;
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c (c) The RDC should number at least 5 000 troops, excluding strategic enablers such as air and sea lift personnel, intelligence assets, strategic transportation, satellite communication, special operations forces and medical evacuation and care units; the target number for the RDC should be at least between 7 000 and 10 000 troops in total;
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c (c) The RDC should number
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c (c) The RDC should number a
Amendment 199 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c (c) The RDC should number
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 — having regard to the Council Decision (CFSP) 2021/509 of 22 March 2021 establishing a European Peace Facility (EPF)1 , __________________ 1 OJ L 102, 24.3.2021, p. 14.
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has extensive experience in deploying multinational military and civilian missions abroad in order to promote peace, security and progress in Europe and in the world; whereas these common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions regularly operate alongside and complement missions of the Member States, United Nations, international organisations and third countries;
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c a (new) (ca) The RDC should be considered as a nucleus for a joint EU military corps as already envisaged in the Helsinki Headline Goal 1999 by gradually assigning additional troops and force elements to the RDC;
Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point c b (new) (cb) The RDC should also function as a facilitator for EU capability development by establishing a priority scheme within PESCO in which the PESCO project EUFOR Crisis Response Operation Core (EUFOR CROC) that aims at the creation of a coherent full spectrum force package should provide the anchor from which other projects are prioritised along the most urgent needs to fulfil the ambition of EUFOR CROC and the RDC in particular;
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d (d) The RDC should frequently simulate scenarios and hold joint exercises following uniform training and certification standards such as those in NATO; further notes that the term ‘non- permissive environment’ can refer to a terrorist or a conventional threat, but could also include all kinds of hybrid threats, such as cyber-attacks, information warfare or even weapons of mass destruction; notes that the RDC is not limited to use in such environment but also in so-called permissive environments if decided to;
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d (d) The RDC should frequently simulate scenarios and hold joint exercises following uniform training and certification standards such as those in NATO; notes that the scenarios should cover, among others, two guidelines in the Strategic Compass: a) operations in a ‘non-permissive environment’, and b) the suggested role division with NATO and the related most likely geographical areas for the RDC to focus on;
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d (d) The RDC should frequently simulate scenarios and hold joint exercises following uniform training and certification standards such as those in NATO; such exercises should be adapted to the current threat landscape and possible deployment scenarios of the RDC; highlights, that uniform training and certification standards improve the interoperability of available EU Member State forces;
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d (d) The EU RDC should frequently
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d (d) The RDC should frequently simulate scenarios and hold regular joint live exercises in an EU framework and coordinated by the Military Planning and Conduct Capability to increase readiness and interoperability, following uniform training and certification standards such as those in NATO;
Amendment 207 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d (d) The EU RDC should
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d (d) The RDC should frequently simulate scenarios and hold joint exercises at the strategic, joint forces and tactical level, to be scheduled by the HR/VP, following uniform training and certification standards such as those in NATO;
Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d (d) The RDC should frequently simulate scenarios and hold joint exercises following uniform training and certification standards such as those in NATO and it could generalise and use the French Guépard readiness system;
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has extensive experience in deploying multinational missions and operations abroad in order to promote peace, security and progress in Europe and in the world; whereas these common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions regularly operate alongside and complement missions of the Member States, United Nations, NATO, international organisations and third countries;
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d (d) The
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d (d) The RDC should frequently simulate scenarios and hold joint exercises on the ground following uniform training and certification standards
Amendment 212 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d a (new) (da) The RDC should cooperate with the European Defence Agency, NATO and relevant CSDP projects to ensure that the RDC is fully equipped with the necessary operational capabilities to respond to any crisis, natural disaster or armed conflict, which could impact Europe in one way or another, as they occur;
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d a (new) (da) The RDC should cooperate with the European Defence Agency, NATO and relevant CSDP projects to ensure that the RDC is fully equipped with the necessary operational capabilities to respond to any crisis, natural disaster or armed conflict which could impact Europe in one way or another, as they occur;
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point d a (new) (da) The Commander of the RDC should the Director General of the EU Military Staff (EUMS) or a commanding officer with the same rank and it should be organised according to the common scheme of European multinational joint staffs;
Amendment 215 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point e Amendment 216 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point e (e) All force elements of the RDC should be assigned exclusively to it and not to any other international high-readiness forces, notwithstanding the possibility for
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point e (e) All force elements of the RDC
Amendment 218 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point e (e) All force elements of the RDC
Amendment 219 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point e (e) All force elements of the EU RDC should be assigned exclusively to it
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has extensive experience in deploying multinational missions abroad in order to promote peace, security and
Amendment 220 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point e (e) All force elements of the RDC should be assigned exclusively to it and not to any other international high-readiness forces such as NATO's VTFJ, notwithstanding the possibility for Member States to call them up for national
Amendment 221 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point e (e) All force elements of the EU RDC should be assigned exclusively to it and not to any other international high-readiness forces, notwithstanding the possibility for Member States to call them up for national duty in the event of an emergency;
Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point e a (new) (ea) Takes into account that the RDC must be able to be deployed on the ground, so all participating Member States must communicate to the RDC Headquarters at the time of their engagement which units and equipment, including air, sea and land transport will be permanently at the disposal of the RDC so that the responsible country can deploy them without delay; stresses that each Member State engaged in the RDC should be responsible for a rotation term of one year;
Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point e a (new) (ea) The RDC should be certified according to NATO standards in order to ensure compatibility and interoperability between EU and NATO, to enable Member States to swiftly reassign RDC elements to NATO after their RDC commitments have been concluded as well as to allow for the RDC to be assigned under NATO command if deemed necessary by EU Member States;
Amendment 224 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point e a (new) (ea) In line with the Strategic Compass, the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) is the preferred command and control structure for the EU RDC at the military-strategic level;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point f (f) In line with Article 41 of the TEU, the RDC’s administrative expenditure
Amendment 226 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point f (f)
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point f (f)
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point f (f) In line with Article 41 of the TEU, the EU RDC’s administrative expenditure should be funded from the Union budget;
Amendment 229 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g (g) Similarly, its operating expenditure should be funded from the Union budget with the exception of expenditure that is charged to the European Peace Facility; underlines the need to increase the budget cap and financial resources of the EPF; stresses, that such funding increases should take into account the need to fund the Ukrainian war, and therefore be increased in such a manner, that the EPF’s budget can cover the costs for its scheduled activities and parts of the operating expenditure of the RDC; notes, that all EU defence initiatives, even those paid for by the EU budget, should be included in a given Member States’ calculated commitment to NATO’s 2% defence investment guideline;
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has extensive experience in deploying m
Amendment 230 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g (g) Similarly, its operating expenditure should be funded from the Union budget with the exception of
Amendment 231 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g (g) Similarly, its operating expenditure should be funded from the Union budget via a change in the treaties with the exception of expenditure that is charged to the European Peace Facility; in this regard, a re-evaluation and adequate increase of the EPF budget to ensure the proper and timely financing of the RDC under any conceivable scenario is absolutely vital;
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g (g) Similarly, its operating expenditure should be funded
Amendment 233 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g (g) Similarly, its operating expenditure should be funded from the Union budget with the exception of expenditure that is charged to the European Peace Facility; notes that EPF budget rules permit it, ‘if the Council so decides’; encourages the Council to decide positively in such cases;
Amendment 234 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g (g) Similarly, its operating expenditure including joint exercises for fully operational capability (FOC) certification should be funded from the Union budget with the exception of expenditure that is charged to the European Peace Facility;
Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g (g)
Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g (g) Similarly, its operating expenditure should be funded from the Union budget via a change in the treaties, with the exception of expenditure that is charged to the European Peace Facility;
Amendment 237 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g (g)
Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g a (new) (ga) The Union’s Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) should be established as the preferred command and control structure; its Full Operational Capability (FOC) should be reached immediately in line with the Council conclusions of 19 November 2018, which foresaw a 2020 deadline; the MPCC's staff level should be increased considerably up to 250 personnel and as there is a need to upgrade related infrastructure and equipment; one of the existing four national Operational Headquarters (OHQ) should be designed as fall-back option;
Amendment 239 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g a (new) (ga) The costs of LIVEX should be covered by common funding and would cover, for example, costs of ammunition, leasing of military equipment by the EU, costs arising from wear and tear of material, among other costs related to organising and carrying out LIVEX;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has extensive experience in deploying multinational missions abroad in order to promote peace, security and progress in Europe and in the world; whereas these common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions regularly operate alongside and complement missions of the Member States, United Nations, NATO, international organisations and third countries;
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g a (new) (ga) Since the RDC will be constituted by forces that will train and work together, and the expenditures will be financed by the EU as long as they are under EU command, those soldiers should also enjoy the same working and social rights;
Amendment 241 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g a (new) (ga) Since the RDC will be constituted of up to 10000 troops that will train and ultimately go into action together, the soldiers should be able to enjoy the same working and social rights;
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 – point g a (new) (ga) Stresses that these RDC and related defence missions should be a complement to NATO;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses that Europe is a pillar of peace and stability in the world, which requires the strong support of the European citizens; highlights, in this context, the need to counter hostile disinformation campaigns, and to proactively communicate the purpose and objectives of RDC deployments to the European citizens, the local populations of host countries and the international community;
Amendment 244 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Calls on Member States to commit to substantially narrowing critical gaps in strategic enablers by 2025, in particular linked to the RDC, such as strategic airlift and sealift, space communication assets, medical care and evacuation units, cyber- defence capabilities and intelligence and reconnaissance;
Amendment 245 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 247 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Calls on the Member States to t
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Calls on the Member States to transform the EU battlegroup system to match the needs of the RDC; considers that the EU battlegroups should be funded from the Union budget during their stand-up, stand-by and stand-down phases; stresses that the development of the RDC should build on the lessons learnt of the EU Battlegroups and that the RDC should not be viewed as a revised EU Battlegroups concept;
Amendment 249 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Calls on the Member States to transform the EU battlegroup system to match the needs of the RDC; considers that the EU battlegroups should be funded from the Union budget during their stand-up, stand-by and stand-down phases; calls on Member States to adapt national procedures and if necessary the legislative framework in order to allow for rapid deployment;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has extensive experience in deploying m
Amendment 250 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Calls on the Member States to show the political will and to provide the adequate resources in terms of funds and personnel needed to transform the EU battlegroup system to match the needs of the RDC; considers that the EU battlegroups should be funded from the Union budget during their stand-up, stand- by and stand-down phases;
Amendment 251 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Calls on the Member States to transform the EU battlegroup system to match the financial and equipment needs of the EU RDC; considers that the EU battlegroups should be funded from the Union budget during their stand-up, stand- by and stand-down phases as well as replacement of equipment lost or spent in action;
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Calls on the Member States to transform the EU battlegroup system to
Amendment 253 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Calls on the Member States to transform the EU battlegroup system to match the needs of the RDC; calls for an extended scope of common costs for the RDC; considers that the EU battlegroups should be funded from the Union budget during their stand-up, stand-by and stand- down phases;
Amendment 254 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Calls on the Member States to transform the EU battlegroup system into a more robust and flexible instrument to match the needs of the EU RDC; considers that the EU battlegroups should be funded from the Union budget during their stand- up, stand-by and stand-down phases;
Amendment 255 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Calls on the Member States to transform the EU battlegroup system to match the needs of the RDC; considers that the EU battlegroups should be funded
Amendment 256 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Notes that the increase in ambition of the RDC compared to Battlegroups is primarily in quality because it solves the shortfall of the Battlegroups, which lacked high readiness air and sea components and strategic enablers; considers that the RDC has great potential to substantially improve on the Battlegroups, strengthen the EU’s strategic autonomy, and positively contribute to the EU’s integrated approach to security and peace;
Amendment 257 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Considers that the EU Battlegroup Concept suffers from structural design flaws as Battlegroup contributor nations on standby are supposed to act in relation to needs on the ground, and to protect the Union’s values and serve its interests as laid down in the EU’s Treaties, EU strategic documents and concrete policies, while in practice, Battlegroup contributor states still undertook national cost-benefit calculations each time a request for deployment was made, and did not hesitate to cast their veto even if they preferred to provide alternative justifications; calls on the Member States to transform the EU Battlegroup System to match the needs of the Capacity; considers that the EU Battlegroups should be funded from the Union budget during their stand-up, stand-by and stand-down phases;
Amendment 258 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Acknowledges that it is only natural that Member States have their own strategic cultures that may differ in important aspects, like perception of the most salient threats, willingness to use lethal force and accept risks, authorisation requirements and scrutiny by parliaments and public opinion, and attitudes towards key partners, but yet there needs to be further steps towards greater convergence over this issues given the common challenges the EU and its Member States face;
Amendment 259 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 d (new) 3d. Calls for, insofar the EU RDC relies on rotating units and reformed Battlegroups, the rotation period of six months for Member States be extended to remove incentives on Member States to delay decision making when it is ‘their turn’, keeping in mind that smaller countries may not be able to maintain those long periods and should be allowed to rotate faster;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has extensive experience in deploying multinational missions abroad in order to promote peace, security and
Amendment 260 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 e (new) 3e. Points out that more than 50% of the seven years budget of the EPF has already been spent towards assisting Ukraine counter the Russian invasion, with five more years to go, which can significantly frustrate the development and use of the RDC; notes therefore that decisions need to be taken on how to increase the budget in order to come back to the agreed levels for the remaining years while maintaining the necessary assistance to Ukraine;
Amendment 261 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 f (new) 3f. Calls on the Member States and EEAS to urgently address structural gaps in strategic enablers through utilising the EU Military Committee’s, European Defence Agency’s and EDF’s expertise and capacities in combination with coordinated efforts through the Permanent Structured Cooperation framework; stresses that these strategic enablers need to be tailor-made for the RDC’s needs and will be prioritised for its use; calls on the Commission and the HR/VP to also identify the financial needs to address those gaps;
Amendment 262 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 g (new) 3g. Highlights that the VP/HR should have a major role in synchronising actions with NATO such that the EU ambition is not frustrated by NATO and vice versa;
Amendment 263 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that rapid deployment requires flexibility in political decision- making and the
Amendment 264 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that rapid deployment requires flexibility in political decision-
Amendment 265 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that rapid deployment requires flexibility in political decision- making and the high readiness of military modules, which implies not only having land troops on high readiness, but also the necessary air, sea and special operation components and strategic enablers; calls on the VP/HR and the Member States to give serious consideration to implementation arrangements for Article 44 TEU on entrusting the implementation of a CSDP task to a group of Member States in order to make the CSDP including the operationalisation of the RDC more flexible and efficient in the field while maintaining a strong European dimension;
Amendment 266 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that rapid deployment requires flexibility in political decision- making and the high readiness of military modules, which
Amendment 267 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Highlights that rapid deployment requires
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. The limited availability of European strategic enablers needs to be improved considering it is a precondition for a Rapid Deployment Capacity, including proactive intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), strategic transportation and airlifts, air- to-air refuelling, and satellite communication;
Amendment 269 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Considers that the bulk of the RDC modules should need to stay at a standard readiness level, except those for high urgency tasks; notes that, depending on the security situation, the MPCC could decide to increase the readiness of modules which might be necessary for a specific mission;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has extensive experience in deploying multinational missions abroad
Amendment 270 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses that a steep deployment requires a strong, if possible autonomous, capacity to obtain intelligence and to properly assess the evaluation of a crisis situation;
Amendment 271 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Asks for the swift approval of the EU's military mobility package to ensure a speedy force deployment capacity across the Union for the armed forces of Member States;
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Asks for the swift approval of the EU's military mobility package to ensure a speedy force deployment capacity across the Union for the armed forces of member states;
Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. The RDC must, at any moment, be fully operational and adequately equipped with strategic enablers -such as information systems, intelligence and target acquisition, strategic airlift, or air- to-air refuelling; therefore, calls on the Member States to adequately increase and coordinate their defence procurement programs, and to give special consideration to the RDC's potential needs in existing frameworks such as PESCO;
Amendment 274 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Notes that the EU RDC should also serve as a driver for capability development, in particular with regard to solving European shortfalls in the area of strategic enablers;
Amendment 275 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Points out that the EU should interact and coordinate with NATO in order to create synergies between the readiness categories of the EU RDC and the NATO Response Force;
Amendment 276 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 d (new) 4d. Notes that given that the EU RDC deployment depends on the short notice availability of Communication and Information Structures (CIS), development of integrated CIS structures at the European level is advisable, including drawing on the EU's secure connectivity programme;
Amendment 277 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 e (new) 4e. Considers that the EU Satellite Centre should provide their services and expertise to the EU RDC and calls for the future necessary arrangements to be made, including ensuring that adequate funding is made available to EUSatCen under the relevant headings of the Multiannual Financial Framework;
Amendment 278 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 f (new) 4f. Recalls that sustained investment in solving Europe’s military shortfalls should be sought by European collaboration also, instead of by only seeking national solutions, as it is a basic requirement to effectively realise the EU RDC and therefore to successfully contributing in developing the EU as a serious and credible geopolitical actor;
Amendment 279 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 g (new) 4g. Highlights that the aspirations expressed in the SC will only be met if Member States are able to increase their national defence capabilities;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the European Union has
Amendment 280 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 281 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Points out that the RDC should have permanent, fully-fledged operational headquarters under the Military Planning and Conduct Capability in order to ensure its
Amendment 282 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Points out that the RDC should have permanent operational headquarters under the Military Planning and Conduct Capability
Amendment 283 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Points out that the RDC should have permanent operational headquarters under the Military Planning and Conduct Capability in order to ensure its effectiveness; expresses its concern that despite the ambition for the MPCC laid out in the Strategic Compass, the MPCC is still lacking sufficient staffing that should amount to at least 180 personnel and also lacks the necessary command and communication capabilities as well as an adequate infrastructure; calls therefore upon the EU Member States, the Council and the Commission to swiftly provide the necessary personnel, allocate sufficient funds as well to establish the necessary infrastructure, including access to EU capabilities in order to enable the MPCC to fulfil its tasks;
Amendment 284 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Points out that the RDC should have permanent operational headquarters
Amendment 285 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Points out that the RDC should have permanent operational headquarters under the Military Planning and Conduct Capability in order to ensure its effectiveness; calls, in this regard, for the development of the MPCC into a full command and control structure, capable of planning, controlling and commanding non-executive and executive tasks and operations, as well as joint live exercises;
Amendment 286 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 287 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Points out that the RDC should have permanent operational headquarters under the Military Planning and Conduct Capability in order to ensure its effectiveness; calls for the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) to be provided with the necessary financial and human resources to enable it to carry out its functions;
Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Points out that the RDC should have permanent operational headquarters under the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) in order to ensure its effectiveness
Amendment 289 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Points out that the RDC should have permanent operational headquarters under the Military Planning and Conduct Capability in order to ensure its effectiveness, avoid unnecessary duplication with NATO initiatives and in order to uphold the integrated approach;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas the EU has been striving for over 20 years to become a capable security actor and encourages cooperation of EU Member States through a variety of structures and instruments such as the European Defence Agency, the Capability Development Plan, the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) and the Coordinated Annual Review on Defence (CARD) in order to improve capabilities, interoperability and cost-effective solutions in European defence; whereas results and effectiveness of these instruments still remain rather limited; whereas since 2017 61 PESCO projects have been launched without any having achieved tangible results;
Amendment 290 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Points out that the EU RDC should have
Amendment 291 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Points out that the RDC should have permanent operational headquarters under the Military Planning and Conduct Capability in order to ensure its effectiveness once it is up and running at full operational capacity;
Amendment 292 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Points out that ultimately, the RDC should build-up on the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) towards a full architecture of Operation Headquarters (OHQ), able to conduct all EU military operations by offering the opportunity to centralise military and strategic command and control in Brussels, and allowing to coordinate also with actors responsible for civilian crisis management as well as having fluid interlocution with the EEAS and the European Commission;
Amendment 293 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Underlines the importance of close coordination between military and civilian structures; calls, in this regard, for coordination between the MPCC and the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) in order to ensure the best synergies and sustainable results following the EU’s integrated approach to external conflicts and crises;
Amendment 294 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Takes the view that cooperation and coordination between military and civilian structures must be strengthened;
Amendment 295 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Considers that, in order to avoid the risk of decisions about the creation and design of the RDC becoming disconnected from the core aspirations of the EU’s integrated approach, the HR/VP should regularly inform the European Parliament as stated in TEU Article 36, and the European Parliament should check and demand that all EU actions are sufficiently coordinated to maximise coherence and effectiveness;
Amendment 296 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the EU RDC to have the possibility of being deployed and acting in emergencies, natural disasters such as floods or wildfires, or other significant civil-protection crises inside EU territory, at the proposal of the VP/HR and following the pertinent authorisation procedures; points out that to enable the armed forces to be able to effectively deal with natural disasters, proper training and equipment should be provided;
Amendment 297 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls
Amendment 298 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the EU RDC to have the possibility of being deployed and acting in emergencies,
Amendment 299 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the EU RDC to have the possibility to
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas the global security situation has worsened and whereas the Union needs to be more responsive and credible in addressing crises;
Amendment 300 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the EU RDC to have the possibility of being deployed and acting in emergencies, natural disasters such as floods or wildfires, or other significant civil-protection crises inside EU territory, at the proposal of the VP/HR, including by prior suggestion of a Member State, and following the pertinent authorisation procedures;
Amendment 301 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the EU RDC to
Amendment 302 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the EU RDC to
Amendment 303 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Calls for the EU RDC to have the possibility of being deployed and acting in emergencies, natural disasters such as floods or wildfires, or other significant civil-protection crises
Amendment 304 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Highlights that women’s participation in CSDP contributes to the effectiveness of the mission and is a driver of the EU’s credibility as a proponent of equal rights for men and women worldwide; calls for meaningful gender mainstreaming in the formulation of the CSDP, notably via a better gender balance in the personnel and leadership of CSDP missions and operations and specific training of the personnel deployed; calls for all EU deployed military personnel to be sufficiently trained on gender equality and the implementation of UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, and specifically on how to integrate a gender perspective into their tasks;
Amendment 305 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Underlines that the EU’s legislative powers in key areas such as hybrid warfare, cybersecurity or space policy have a big impact on the development and availability of the required strategic enablers for the operationalisation of the RDC; underlines, therefore, the need for a horizontal coordination across policy fields in the EU; points to the fact that more effort and investments in strategic enablers would also contribute to a stronger European support to NATO, where the EU largely relies on the US for the provision of strategic enablers;
Amendment 306 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Highlights that the RDC can significantly contribute to a more capable European Defence Union which in turn will also strengthen the European pillar within in NATO, thus allowing for an improved burden-sharing in transatlantic security; underlines the necessity for close cooperation and coordination between EU and NATO; calls, therefore, upon the Commission and the Council to further develop EU-NATO cooperation through an ambitious Joint Declaration;
Amendment 307 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls for consideration to be given to improving and increasing the budget of the European Peace Facility for the remainder of the 2021-2027 financial period in order to be able to develop the Rapid Deployment Capacity effectively;
Amendment 308 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. The RDC should be gradually operational for different scenarios depending on the maturity of its strategic enablers, from the least demanding up to the most demanding operations;
Amendment 309 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Highlights the potential of the EU RDC to positively contribute to the Commission's RESCEU approach, especially in matters such as forest fire fighting inside EU territory;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas CSDP missions regularly depend on a good operationalisation of the EU’s integrated approach, but also the effective performance of third
Amendment 310 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Highlights the positive contribution of the European aerospace industry to our defence and civil protection capabilities, and in particular Airbus’ success in equipping the A400M as a firefighter tank plane, and the future FCAS system led by France, Germany and Spain;
Amendment 311 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Calls for the EU and the Member States to invest in a coordinated manner in strategic enablers; calls for consideration to be given to the possible application of Article 44 to invest in strategic enablers;
Amendment 312 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 2 a (new) Calls on the VP/HR and the Member States to first of all significantly improve and activate the implementation procedures of Article 44 TEU;
Amendment 313 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – introductory part 7. Calls on the Member States
Amendment 314 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – introductory part 7. Calls on the Member States
Amendment 315 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – introductory part 7. Calls on the Member States participating in the RDC to agree to act in the name of the European Union as mandated by the Council under Article 44 of the TEU and to the extent permitted by the Treaties:
Amendment 316 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – introductory part 7. Calls on the
Amendment 317 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point a Amendment 318 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point a (a)
Amendment 319 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point a (a) solely upon a proposal by the VP/HR, including by prior suggestion of a Member State, who should ensure that the views of Parliament are duly taken into consideration in their proposal, and
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas CSDP missions regularly depend on the effective performance of third-party missions, reliable cooperation, timely information sharing and sincere host nation support and ownership; whereas the lack of any of these can jeopardise the implementation of a CSDP mission’s mandate and could ultimately lead to the withdrawal of EU forces; whereas mandates should set clearly defined objectives for EU missions and operations, including a timetable for their attainment, as well as a comprehensive exit strategy;
Amendment 320 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point a (a) solely upon a proposal
Amendment 321 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point b Amendment 322 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point b (b)
Amendment 323 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point b (b) warns that acting by qualified majority after deliberation in the Council would once again increase the influence and power of big member states, such as Germany and France, considerably at the expense of smaller Member States;
Amendment 324 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point b (b) acting by qualified majority after deliberation in the Council, demanding abstention from those Member States that do not wish to contribute to the RDC;
Amendment 325 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point b (b) acting by qualified majority after deliberation in the Council and endorsement of its mandate by unanimity;
Amendment 326 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point b (b) acting
Amendment 327 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point b (b) acting
Amendment 328 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 – point b a (new) (ba) calls on the HR/VP to regularly inform the EP as stated in Article 36 TEU;
Amendment 329 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Considers that the political and economic incentives need to change in order to improve the prospects for using Article 44; calls for greater access to common funding for additional costs to Member States utilising Article 44 and greater flexibility concerning operational decisions and the drafting of the Crisis Management Concept and Operational Plan; suggests the use of scenarios to simulate potential use of Article 44 in advance and to clarify associated modalities;
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas CSDP missions regularly depend on the effective performance of third-party missions, reliable cooperation, timely information sharing and sincere host nation support, as well as on the political will of the Member states to guarantee sufficient personnel and financial resources; whereas the lack of any of these can jeopardise the implementation of a CSDP mission’s mandate and could ultimately lead to the withdrawal of EU forces;
Amendment 330 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Considers that the political capital and economic
Amendment 331 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Considers that the political and economic incentives need to change in order to improve the prospects for using Article 44 and financial solidarity needs to be implemented via EPF or a new off- budget financial facility;
Amendment 332 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Considers that incentives for the use of the RDC need to change in order to allow greater proportion of the costs to be carried from the EU common budget, or at least the costs which cannot be planned for; for the Council to provide more freedom to these coalitions for instance, by letting them write the operating plan, especially in situations when speed is essential; in making oversight requirements for operations proportionate and reasonable, rather than requiring such coalitions to seek a unanimous agreement for every small operational change; and ensuring that Article 44 covers the whole operation, not just parts of it;
Amendment 333 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Highlights that the use of Article 44 offers significant benefits compared to Member States acting outside the EU framework; highlights, that decision- making on the deployment of the RDC based on Article 44 TEU also allows for the involvement of third countries in RDC missions where necessary and desired;
Amendment 334 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Highlights that the use of Article 44 offers significant benefits compared to Member States acting outside the EU framework in situations where troop deployment needs to be rapid to prevent further escalation and where the risks to combat troops are at the higher end;
Amendment 335 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Highlights that the use of Article 44 offers significant benefits, such as speed and flexibility, and represents a strong political symbol of joint EU action, compared to Member States acting outside the EU framework;
Amendment 336 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Highlights that the use of Article 44 can offer
Amendment 337 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Highlights that the use of Article 44 offers significant benefits such as speed, flexibility and freedom of action, whilst preserving joint EU action compared to Member States acting outside the EU framework;
Amendment 338 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Highlights that the use of Article 44 offers
Amendment 339 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Calls on the Member States and the RDC to follow the EU’s integrated approach to ensure effective coordination of an EU response throughout the different phases of a crisis or conflict, combining defence and security activities with development and diplomatic actions;
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas CSDP missions regularly depend on the effective performance of third-party missions, reliable cooperation, timely information sharing and sincere host nation institutional and societal support; whereas the lack of any of these can jeopardise the implementation of a CSDP mission’s mandate and could ultimately lead to the withdrawal of EU-led forces;
Amendment 340 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 Amendment 341 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Calls on the
Amendment 342 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Calls on the VP/HR, when under the directive of Member States, to propose the necessary Council decisions, jointly with the Commission where appropriate;
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas CSDP missions regularly depend on the effective performance of third-party missions, reliable cooperation, timely information sharing and sincere host nation support; whereas the lack of any of these can jeopardise the implementation of a CSDP mission’s mandate and could ultimately lead to the withdrawal of
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas CSDP missions regularly depend on the effective performance of
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas CSDP missions regularly depend on the effective performance of third-party missions, reliable cooperation, timely information sharing and sincere host nation support; whereas the lack of any of these can jeopardise the successful implementation of a CSDP mission’s mandate and could ultimately lead to the withdrawal of EU forces;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas in light of the recent experiences in the Sahel region, there is the need to draw lessons and put the security interests of the local population at the heart of a true human security approach;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 — having regard to the action plan entitled ‘Strategic Compass for Security and Defence – For a European Union that protects its citizens, values and interests and contributes to international peace and security’, which was a
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the premature termination of CSDP missions leaves populations unprotected and makes weak host nation
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the premature termination of CSDP missions leaves populations unprotected and makes weak host nation authorities vulnerable, thereby opening up opportunities for state and non-state actors, including terrorists and extremists, and including those sponsored by our global competitors; whereas consideration for controlled phasing out of missions and operations or for transfer to other EU instruments is therefore crucial for the achievement of sustainable and comprehensive results in host countries;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the premature termination of CSDP missions can leave
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the premature termination of CSDP missions leaves populations unprotected and makes weak host nation authorities vulnerable, thereby opening up opportunities for malicious state and non- state actors, including terrorists and extremists
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the European Union and its Member States should strive for autonomy
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the European Union and its Member States should strive for
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the European Union and its Member States should strive for autonomy
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the European Union and its Member States should strive for
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the European Union and its Member States should strive for autonomy, including in respect of NATO, when preparing, conducting and sustaining their CSDP missions; whereas the Union should be capable of rapidly deploying multidimensional forces, swiftly reinforcing them where needed and sustaining them as long as required and without depending on third-party support;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the European Union and its Member States should strive for autonomy when preparing, conducting and sustaining their CSDP missions; whereas the Union should be capable of rapidly deploying multidimensional and modular forces, swiftly reinforcing them where needed and sustaining them as long as required and without depending on third-party support;
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 — having regard to the
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas the European Union and its
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) Da. whereas it is of the outmost importance that the basic principles and goals of the RDC are clearly defined by Member States from the very beginning of the designing of the EU RDC architecture; whereas this overarching strategy should remain subordinate to the decisions of elected Heads of States and Government in the European Union;
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas CSDP missions are undertaken using human resources and capabilities provided by the Member States and depend
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas CSDP missions are undertaken using capabilities provided by the Member States and depend greatly on the sufficient provision of forces and equipment; whereas Member States frequently fail to provide sufficient forces and equipment to CSDP missions thus compromising the effectiveness of the mission; whereas the Member States’ capabilities are used for national purposes and for their contributions to collective defence and to missions abroad;
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) Ea. whereas candidate and association countries have also contributed to CSDP missions;
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas for collective defence many Member States coordinate their efforts and employ their forces within the NATO framework; whereas it is important that the EU RDC be focused on complementing and not substituting NATO's responsibilities or capabilities in order to avoid duplications of any kind; whereas many Member States also contribute to missions abroad within the CSDP framework;
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas for collective defence many Member States coordinate their efforts and employ their forces within the NATO framework, which flies in the face of the idea of an independent, sovereign European defence capability; whereas many Member States also contribute to missions abroad within the CSDP framework;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas for collective defence many Member States coordinate their efforts and employ their forces within the NATO framework; whereas many Member States also contribute to missions abroad within the CSDP framework; whereas many EU Member States are also key contributors to UN-led missions and operations;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas for collective defence many Member States coordinate their efforts and employ their forces within the NATO framework as a matter of priority; whereas many Member States also contribute to missions abroad within the CSDP framework;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 — having regard to the
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas building capabilities and adapting them to military needs requires a common strategic culture and threat perception as well as solutions to be developed and combined in doctrine and concepts, the organisation and structure of forces, regular individual, collective and multinational training, defence materiel development, procurement and life-cycle management, military leadership development, staff recruitment and development, defence infrastructures, installations and facilities, interoperability and standardisation;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas building capabilities and adapting them to military needs requires solutions to be developed and combined in doctrine and concepts, the organisation and structure of forces, individual, collective and multinational training, adequate logistics, defence materiel development, procurement and life-cycle management, military leadership development, staff recruitment and development, defence infrastructures, installations and facilities, interoperability and standardisation;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out EU-level action in many of these areas; whereas the European Defence Fund and the European Peace Facility are EU instruments which have already been deployed and
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out EU-level action in many of these areas; whereas the European Defence Fund and the European Peace Facility are EU instruments which have already been deployed and that are designed to improve military capabilities and foster operational cooperation and burden-sharing abroad;
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out EU-level action in many of these areas; whereas the European Defence Fund and the European Peace Facility are EU instruments which have already been deployed and that are designed to improve military capabilities and foster operational cooperation and burden-sharing abroad; whereas the upcoming EDIRPA and EDIP regulations should be used for facilitating common procurement among EU Member States in a truly cooperative spirit, thus enhancing interoperability among national armed forces;
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out EU-level action in many of these areas;
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out EU-level action in many of these areas; whereas the European Defence Fund and the European Peace Facility are EU instruments which have already been
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the Strategic Compass sets out EU-level action in many of these areas; whereas
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas the Strategic Compass
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 a (new) — having regard to the annual report 2022 of the European Parliament on the implementation of the Common Security and Defence Policy, as adopted on ...
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas the given the range of crises facing European security today, the RDC must ensure a specialized role that adds value to the European security environment and avoids overlapping or duplicating the role and capabilities of existing Euro-Atlantic security institutions; whereas the RDC should be based on an integrated approach designed to prioritise the prevention of natural or man-made disasters before they occur and promote the human security of local populations in an effort to achieve European cooperation in security and disaster relief;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas the Strategic Compass was adopted on 21 March, very shortly after Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine began; whereas the geopolitical landscape in Europe has changed dramatically in recent months with the continuation of a war on European soil;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) Ha. whereas the European Defence Fund is an EU instrument which has already been deployed and is designed to improve military capabilities including regarding the industrial base;
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) Hb. whereas an RDC specialised in disaster prevention and relief could have a clear command and control infrastructure, supported by EDF and PESCO projects, separate from CSDP operational headquarters, that should specialise in key vulnerabilities such as search and rescue operations, natural disaster emergency response, response to humanitarian crises, response to cyber vulnerabilities, attacks on critical infrastructure, threats to maritime and border security etc.;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H c (new) Hc. whereas an RDC specialised in disaster prevention and relief, when not in deployment, should concentrate its efforts in employing a 'train the trainers' approach at the request of Member States, in order to strengthen the motivation and operational capabilities of Member States Armed Force and emergency responders;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the Battlegroup Concept has helped develop multinational defence cooperation and interoperability, as well as transformation for rapid deployment and force modernisation; whereas although the Battlegroups have been fully operational since 2007 and have proven their value as a tool for defence cooperation and transformation, issues relating to political will, usability, and financial solidarity have prevented them from being deployed;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the Battlegroup Concept has helped develop multinational defence cooperation and interoperability, as well as transformation for rapid deployment and force modernisation, yet, despite these benefits, the non-use of this asset over a period of 15 years has been politically embarrassing given the EU’s aspirations in this area, and raises questions over the justifiability of its costs;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the Battlegroup Concept has helped
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the Battlegroup Concept
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 — having regard to the Response Force
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas the Battlegroup Concept has helped develop multinational defence cooperation and interoperability, as well as transformation for rapid deployment and force modernisation; whereas battlegroups have never been used;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I a (new) Ia. whereas the RDC is essential for CSDP as it is the only military capability on standby for possible operations and contributes to enhancing the effectiveness of Member States' armed forces;
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I a (new) Ia. whereas problems related to decision making and political will have structurally hampered the deployment of the EU Battlegroups since their creation in 2007;
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas in cases when EU battlegroups have not been used, individual EU Member States have often acted outside the EU framework instead, either on their own or with other EU or non-EU states, inevitably constraining, if not undermining, the EU’s stated aspiration for ‘integration’ across policy tools, institutions and actors in pursuit of common interests and values also in foreign policy, and also excluding both formal and informal democratic oversight and scrutiny through the European Parliament;
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas in cases when EU
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas in cases when EU battlegroups have not been
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas in cases when EU
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J a (new) Ja. whereas the RDC must be in a position to overcome the obstacles encountered by the battlegroups in the past and not repeat the same mistakes in order to be fully operational;
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J a (new) Ja. whereas there has been confusion about the list of tasks for the Battlegroups;
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 — having regard to the
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J b (new) Jb. whereas the Battlegroups’ format has appeared insufficient to operate successfully in hostile environments and has also been considered not sufficiently adaptable to meet the variable needs of a range of crisis situations, while also the pace of political decision making and potential deployment have been criticised, particularly when compared with alternative national options to address quickly evolving problems on the ground;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J c (new) Jc. whereas the ‘costs lie were they fall' principle for Battlegroup funding provides no incentive for troop contributing Member States to actually deploy them during their standby period; whereas this has been an underlying reason for vetoes in troop contribution by Member States; whereas the additional costs for the use of a Battlegroup are also not covered largely, if not wholly, by common funding, yet giving further reasons to Member States on why the Battlegroup should not be used during their rotation turn;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J d (new) Jd. whereas the European External Action Service (EEAS) and the European Council have formally recognised financing of the Battlegroups as ‘the most significant obstacle; whereas evidence and previous examples suggest that it appeared to be much easier to come to a decision if there are no additional costs for nations involved;
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J e (new) Je. whereas whenever Member States were unwilling to authorise the use of their Battlegroups despite a clear need, opportunity and feasibility to do so, they were not publicly called out and were allowed to save face; whereas this meant that each time the use of Battlegroups was discussed but did not materialise, a negative precedent was created that undermined the spirit of solidarity and cooperation; whereas instead of creating a virtuous circle whereby the successful use of the Battlegroup in one case would create political incentives and mutual obligations for their future use, a vicious circle emerged that eroded political willingness to use such asset;
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J f (new) Jf. whereas the early years of the Battlegroups’ existence were marked by declining momentum for EU CSDP, particularly due to defence cuts after the 2008 financial crisis;
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Recital J g (new) Jg. whereas actual convergence among Member States in terms of threat priorities faced by the European Union and the need to be able to rapidly respond to them remained relatively limited; whereas the Strategic Compass considerably advances in this area through the common threat analysis, significantly addressing this issue;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K K. whereas a comprehensive approach is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable results in enhancing security and stability in conflict areas; whereas the EU’s integrated approach provides for the coherent use of different instruments at various stages of conflicts; whereas the integrated approach is also meant to prioritise prevention and promote the human security of local populations over narrow self-interests;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K K. whereas the integrated approach is also meant to prioritise prevention of natural or man-made disasters before they occur and promote the human security of local populations
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Recital K K. whereas the integrated approach
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