BETA


2023/0133(COD) Standard essential patents

Progress: Awaiting Council's 1st reading position

RoleCommitteeRapporteurShadows
Lead JURI WALSMANN Marion (icon: EPP EPP) WÖLKEN Tiemo (icon: S&D S&D), ZŁOTOWSKI Kosma (icon: ECR ECR), FURORE Mario (icon: The Left The Left)
Former Responsible Committee JURI
Former Committee Opinion INTA HÜBNER Danuta Maria (icon: EPP EPP)
Former Committee Opinion ITRE
Former Committee Opinion IMCO CHARANZOVÁ Dita (icon: Renew Renew) Maria da Graça CARVALHO (icon: PPE PPE), Francisco GUERREIRO (icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE), Maria-Manuel LEITÃO-MARQUES (icon: S&D S&D)
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 57_o, TFEU 114, TFEU 114-p3

Events

2024/11/18
   EP - WALSMANN Marion (EPP) appointed as rapporteur in JURI
2024/11/13
   EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading
2024/07/08
   European Commission - Commission response to text adopted in plenary
Documents
2024/02/28
   EP - Decision by Parliament, 1st reading
Details

The European Parliament adopted by 454 votes to 83, with 78 abstentions, a legislative resolution on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on standard essential patents (SEP) and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.

As a reminder, the proposed regulation aims to improve SEP licensing by addressing the causes of its inefficiency, such as the lack of transparency regarding SEP, fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms and value chain licensing, as well as the limited use of dispute resolution procedures to settle FRAND disputes.

The European Parliament's position adopted at first reading under the ordinary legislative procedure amends the Commission's proposal as follows:

Subject matter and scope

This Regulation should apply to patents that are in force in one or more Member States and that a SEP holder claims to be essential to a standard that has been published by a standard development organisation, after entry into force of this Regulation regardless of whether the SEP holder has or has not made a commitment to license its SEPs on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms and conditions and that is not subject to a royalty-free intellectual property policy, after the entry into force of this Regulation.

Competence centre

The tasks under this Regulation should be performed by a competence centre established within the EUIPO with the necessary human and financial resources. The competence centre should support transparency and FRAND determination in relation to SEPs and should perform the following tasks:

- administer a process for facilitating agreements on and the determination of an aggregate royalty;

- set up and maintain a SEP Licensing Assistance Hub for SMEs and start-ups and provide training, support and general advice on SEPs to SMEs and start-ups;

- establish a dedicated working group on conditions for licensing SEPs in the value chain and raise awareness about SEP licensing.

SEP holders may voluntarily submit their SEPs for essentiality checks to the competence centre prior to registering their patents.

Register and electronic database

A Union register for SEPs should be set up and maintained in an electronic format by the competence centre. The electronic register should serve as a foundational repository designed to be the primary reference point for users, providing basic information about SEPs free of charge.

The competence centre should also set up and administer an electronic database for SEPs which should contain publicly available standard terms and conditions, including SEP holder’s royalty, royalty-free and discount policies, if available. Academic institutions may also request access to the information free of charge solely for the purpose of conducting academic tasks.

Information on essentiality

A SEP holder should provide the centre of competence with: (i) a final decision on essentiality for a registered SEP made by a competent court of a Member State within 2 months after the decision has become final; (ii) any other essentiality check by an independent evaluator in the context of, for example, a patent pool.

The competence centre should verify the information submitted by patent pools on a regular basis and at least once a year, based on a methodology it develops for this purpose, ensuring that the verification process is thorough, transparent and consistent. That methodology should be made available to patent pools and to other stakeholders for the sake of transparency.

The competence centre should collect, duly verify and promptly publish information on any SEP related rules in any third country in the database. The competence centre may also collect information on compliance with this Regulation in third countries as well as monitor its impact on implementers.

Essentiality checks

The evaluators and conciliators in the FRAND determination procedure should possess the necessary and highly specialised expertise and experience while also being independent and impartial. In addition, evaluators should also be able to review prior essentiality checks if they have doubts as to their accuracy.

Time-limited out-of-court dispute resolution mechanism

Members consider that while proceedings are still ongoing, the parties should not yet be obliged to make a binding decision on whether or not they should comply with the outcome of the procedure. The parties should be able to make such a decision only after learning the outcome of the dispute resolution mechanism.

When the parties enter into the FRAND determination, they should select a panel of conciliators for the FRAND determination from the roster. The panel should be composed of three conciliators, one selected by the SEP holder and one selected by the implementer from the roster of conciliators made available by the competence centre. The third conciliator should be mutually agreed upon by both parties.

Micro and small and medium enterprises

Parliament strengthened the Commission’s proposals in their favour by proposing the establishment of a one-stop shop for MSMEs within the competence centre. MSMEs that are SEP holders should be offered free information on how to better identify potential licensees and how to effectively enforce their rights. Any benefits granted to SMEs under this Regulation may be withheld or withdrawn in cases of circumvention or misuse.

Reasoned request to the Commission

A SEP holder or a SEP implementer may submit a reasoned request to the Commission to determine whether: (a) the SEP licensing negotiations on FRAND terms and conditions do not give rise to significant difficulties or inefficiencies affecting the functioning of the internal market as regards identified implementations of certain standards or parts thereof within 1 month of the publication of the standard by the Standard Development Organisation; (b) the functioning of the internal market is severely distorted due to significant difficulties or inefficiencies in the licensing of SEPs for particular existing implementations of standards or parts.

Assessment of the new instruments

As the proposed measures also have an impact at global level, Members believe that the impact on the competitiveness of European SEP holders at global level and on innovation in Europe should also be examined in more detail. If the outcome of this review indicates a negative impact, the Commission should propose appropriate amendments where necessary.

Text adopted by Parliament, 1st reading/single reading

Documents
2024/02/28
   EP - Results of vote in Parliament
2024/02/27
   EP - Debate in Parliament
Documents
2024/01/30
   EP - Committee report tabled for plenary, 1st reading
Details

The Committee on Legal Affairs adopted the report by Marion WALSMANN (EPP, DE) on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on standard essential patents (SEP) and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.

As a reminder, the proposed regulation aims to improve SEP licensing by addressing the causes of its inefficiency, such as the lack of transparency regarding SEP, fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms and value chain licensing, as well as the limited use of dispute resolution procedures to settle FRAND disputes.

The committee responsible recommended that the European Parliament's position adopted at first reading under the ordinary legislative procedure should amend the proposal as follows:

Subject matter and scope

This Regulation should apply to patents that are in force in one or more Member States and that a SEP holder claims to be essential to a standard that has been published by a standard development organisation, after entry into force of this Regulation regardless of whether the SEP holder has or has not made a commitment to license its SEPs on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms and conditions and that is not subject to a royalty-free intellectual property policy, after the entry into force of this Regulation.

It should not apply to SEPs that are subject to a royalty-free intellectual property policy, except when such SEPs are part of a portfolio of patents licensed for royalties.

Competence centre

The tasks under this Regulation should be performed by a competence centre established within the EUIPO with the necessary human and financial resources. The competence centre should support transparency and FRAND determination in relation to SEPs and should perform the following tasks:

- administer a process for facilitating agreements on and the determination of an aggregate royalty;

- set up and maintain a SEP Licensing Assistance Hub for SMEs and start-ups and provide training, support and general advice on SEPs to SMEs and start-ups;

- establish a dedicated working group on conditions for licensing SEPs in the value chain and raise awareness about SEP licensing.

A Union register for SEPs should be set up and maintained in an electronic format by the competence centre. The competence centre should also set up and administer an electronic database for SEPs which should contain publicly available standard terms and conditions, including SEP holder’s royalty, royalty-free and discount policies, if available.

Information on essentiality

A SEP holder should provide the centre of competence with: (i) a final decision on essentiality for a registered SEP made by a competent court of a Member State within 2 months after the decision has become final; (ii) any other essentiality check by an independent evaluator in the context of, for example, a patent pool.

The competence centre should collect, duly verify and promptly publish information on any SEP related rules in any third country in the database. The competence centre may also collect information on compliance with this Regulation in third countries as well as monitor its impact on implementers.

Essentiality checks

The evaluators and conciliators in the FRAND determination procedure should possess the necessary and highly specialised expertise and experience while also being independent and impartial. In addition, evaluators should also be able to review prior essentiality checks if they have doubts as to their accuracy.

Time-limited out-of-court dispute resolution mechanism

Members consider that while proceedings are still ongoing, the parties should not yet be obliged to make a binding decision on whether or not they should comply with the outcome of the procedure. The parties should be able to make such a decision only after learning the outcome of the dispute resolution mechanism.

When the parties enter into the FRAND determination, they should select a panel of conciliators for the FRAND determination from the roster. The panel should be composed of three conciliators, one selected by the SEP holder and one selected by the implementer from the roster of conciliators made available by the competence centre. The third conciliator should be mutually agreed upon by both parties.

Micro and small and medium enterprises

The report strengthens the Commission’s proposals in their favour by proposing the establishment of a one-stop shop for MSMEs within the competence centre. MSMEs that are SEP holders should be offered free information on how to better identify potential licensees and how to effectively enforce their rights. Any benefits granted to SMEs under this Regulation may be withheld or withdrawn in cases of circumvention or misuse.

Reasoned request to the Commission

A SEP holder or a SEP implementer may submit a reasoned request to the Commission to determine whether: (a) the SEP licensing negotiations on FRAND terms and conditions do not give rise to significant difficulties or inefficiencies affecting the functioning of the internal market as regards identified implementations of certain standards or parts thereof within 1 month of the publication of the standard by the Standard Development Organisation; (b) the functioning of the internal market is severely distorted due to significant difficulties or inefficiencies in the licensing of SEPs for particular existing implementations of standards or parts.

Assessment of the new instruments

As the proposed measures also have an impact at global level, Members believe that the impact on the competitiveness of European SEP holders at global level and on innovation in Europe should also be examined in more detail. If the outcome of this review indicates a negative impact, the Commission should propose appropriate amendments where necessary.

Committee report tabled for plenary, 1st reading/single reading

Documents
2024/01/24
   EP - Vote in committee, 1st reading
2023/12/05
   European Parliament - Committee opinion
Documents
2023/12/04
   European Parliament - Committee opinion
Documents
2023/11/27
   FI_PARLIAMENT - Contribution
Documents
2023/11/08
   RO_SENATE - Contribution
Documents
2023/10/31
   European Parliament - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2023/10/31
   European Parliament - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2023/10/30
   European Parliament - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2023/10/27
   European Parliament - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2023/10/27
   European Parliament - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2023/10/05
   EP - Referral to associated committees announced in Parliament
2023/10/02
   European Parliament - Committee draft report
Documents
2023/09/20
   Economic and Social Committee: opinion, report - ESC
Documents
2023/09/05
   CZ_CHAMBER - Contribution
Documents
2023/08/23
   EP - CHARANZOVÁ Dita (Renew) appointed as rapporteur in IMCO
2023/07/19
   EP - HÜBNER Danuta Maria (EPP) appointed as rapporteur in INTA
2023/06/19
   Document attached to the procedure - EDPS
2023/06/15
   EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading
2023/04/27
   European Commission - Legislative proposal
Details

PURPOSE: to increase transparency with regard to standard essential patent (SEP) licensing.

PROPOSED ACT: Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council.

ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: the European Parliament decides in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and on an equal footing with the Council.

BACKGROUND: standard essential patents (SEPs) are patents that protect technology that has been declared essential for the implementation of a technical standard adopted by a standard developing organisation (SDO). Such standards relate for instance to connectivity (e.g., 5G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC) or audio/video compression and decompression standards.

To make a product that is standard-compliant, an implementer is obliged to use the relevant ‘essential’ patents. The monopoly granted by such specific patents is balanced by SEP holders' commitment to license these patents on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms, allowing access to market to implementers.

For many years, the current system has suffered from a lack of transparency, predictability, and lengthy disputes and litigation. Previous measures to tackle these problems, such as self-regulation, have not proven effective.

The applicability of SEPs (particularly for connectivity standards) is going to increase with the rise of the ‘Internet of Things' (IoT). Accordingly, a well-functioning system that facilitates access to technologies, while rewarding innovation, is crucial for the EU's technological sovereignty.

CONTENT: the proposal establishes rules on patents essential to a standard (SEPs).

The general objectives of this proposed initiative are to:

- ensure that end users, including small businesses and EU consumers benefit from products based on the latest standardised technologies;

- make the EU attractive for standards innovation; and

- encourage both SEP holders and implementers to innovate in the EU, make and sell products in the EU and be competitive in non-EU markets. The initiative aims to incentivise participation by European firms in the standard development process and the broad implementation of such standardised technologies, particularly in IoT industries.

The main elements of the proposal are as follows:

- the establishment of an obligatory register held by the EUIPO, where SEP holders record their SEPs, providing details on patent and standard. Selected SEPs are subject to a non-binding essentiality checks;

- the establishment of an electronic database that would contain information on, among other things, aggregate royalties, FRAND terms and conditions or any licensing programmes, as well as collective licensing programmes.

- rules on the registration of BENs;

- a procedure for assessing the essentiality checks of registered SEPS;

- SEP aggregate royalty: SEP holders will be able notify in the register the expected maximum aggregate royalty;

- a procedure for the out-of-court settlement of disputes concerning the fairness, reasonableness and non-discrimination of conditions (FRAND determination). An expert-driven and time-limited out-of-court dispute resolution mechanism that SEP holders and implementers can benefit from when negotiating a FRAND licence;

- support measures for SMEs: free advisory services; reduced fees for SEP registration and essentiality checks and access to the SEP register;

- the creation of a ‘ competence centre ’ within the EUIPO to manage the above elements (register, database, essentiality checks, global fees, FRAND determination and SME support services).

The proposed Regulation will apply to all standards that will be published by standards development organisation after its entry into force. However, where SEP licensing does not give rise to significant difficulties or inefficiencies affecting the functioning of the internal market, the Commission will establish standards or related implementations or use cases, for which the provisions of aggregate royalty determination procedures and the FRAND determination would not apply.

On the other hand, the proposed Regulation will in principle not apply to standards that have been published by standards development organisations before its entry into force. However, where the functioning of the internal market is severely distorted due to inefficiencies in the licensing of SEPs, the Commission will determine, within the time limits set out in the proposed Regulation, standards or related implementations or use cases to which the proposed Regulation will apply.

Legislative proposal

2023/04/27
   European Commission - Document attached to the procedure
2023/04/27
   European Commission - Document attached to the procedure
2023/04/27
   European Commission - Document attached to the procedure
Documents
2023/04/27
   European Commission - Document attached to the procedure
2023/04/27
   EC - Legislative proposal published
Details

PURPOSE: to increase transparency with regard to standard essential patent (SEP) licensing.

PROPOSED ACT: Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council.

ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: the European Parliament decides in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and on an equal footing with the Council.

BACKGROUND: standard essential patents (SEPs) are patents that protect technology that has been declared essential for the implementation of a technical standard adopted by a standard developing organisation (SDO). Such standards relate for instance to connectivity (e.g., 5G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC) or audio/video compression and decompression standards.

To make a product that is standard-compliant, an implementer is obliged to use the relevant ‘essential’ patents. The monopoly granted by such specific patents is balanced by SEP holders' commitment to license these patents on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms, allowing access to market to implementers.

For many years, the current system has suffered from a lack of transparency, predictability, and lengthy disputes and litigation. Previous measures to tackle these problems, such as self-regulation, have not proven effective.

The applicability of SEPs (particularly for connectivity standards) is going to increase with the rise of the ‘Internet of Things' (IoT). Accordingly, a well-functioning system that facilitates access to technologies, while rewarding innovation, is crucial for the EU's technological sovereignty.

CONTENT: the proposal establishes rules on patents essential to a standard (SEPs).

The general objectives of this proposed initiative are to:

- ensure that end users, including small businesses and EU consumers benefit from products based on the latest standardised technologies;

- make the EU attractive for standards innovation; and

- encourage both SEP holders and implementers to innovate in the EU, make and sell products in the EU and be competitive in non-EU markets. The initiative aims to incentivise participation by European firms in the standard development process and the broad implementation of such standardised technologies, particularly in IoT industries.

The main elements of the proposal are as follows:

- the establishment of an obligatory register held by the EUIPO, where SEP holders record their SEPs, providing details on patent and standard. Selected SEPs are subject to a non-binding essentiality checks;

- the establishment of an electronic database that would contain information on, among other things, aggregate royalties, FRAND terms and conditions or any licensing programmes, as well as collective licensing programmes.

- rules on the registration of BENs;

- a procedure for assessing the essentiality checks of registered SEPS;

- SEP aggregate royalty: SEP holders will be able notify in the register the expected maximum aggregate royalty;

- a procedure for the out-of-court settlement of disputes concerning the fairness, reasonableness and non-discrimination of conditions (FRAND determination). An expert-driven and time-limited out-of-court dispute resolution mechanism that SEP holders and implementers can benefit from when negotiating a FRAND licence;

- support measures for SMEs: free advisory services; reduced fees for SEP registration and essentiality checks and access to the SEP register;

- the creation of a ‘ competence centre ’ within the EUIPO to manage the above elements (register, database, essentiality checks, global fees, FRAND determination and SME support services).

The proposed Regulation will apply to all standards that will be published by standards development organisation after its entry into force. However, where SEP licensing does not give rise to significant difficulties or inefficiencies affecting the functioning of the internal market, the Commission will establish standards or related implementations or use cases, for which the provisions of aggregate royalty determination procedures and the FRAND determination would not apply.

On the other hand, the proposed Regulation will in principle not apply to standards that have been published by standards development organisations before its entry into force. However, where the functioning of the internal market is severely distorted due to inefficiencies in the licensing of SEPs, the Commission will determine, within the time limits set out in the proposed Regulation, standards or related implementations or use cases to which the proposed Regulation will apply.

Legislative proposal

Documents

Activities

Votes

A9-0016/2024 – Marion Walsmann – Commission proposal #

2024/02/28 Outcome: +: 454, -: 83, 0: 78
DE IT ES FR PL RO CZ HU AT BG IE HR LT EL DK LV SI SK MT LU BE CY NL PT EE ?? FI SE
Total
88
59
51
66
45
26
21
15
18
15
12
12
11
13
13
7
8
12
5
6
19
5
27
18
7
1
14
21
icon: S&D S&D
126

Czechia S&D

For (1)

1

Lithuania S&D

2

Greece S&D

1

Latvia S&D

For (1)

1

Slovenia S&D

2

Slovakia S&D

For (1)

1

Luxembourg S&D

For (1)

1

Belgium S&D

For (1)

1

Cyprus S&D

2

Estonia S&D

2

S&D

Against (1)

1

Finland S&D

2
icon: PPE PPE
154

Denmark PPE

For (1)

1

Slovakia PPE

4

Malta PPE

For (1)

1

Luxembourg PPE

2

Cyprus PPE

For (1)

1

Estonia PPE

For (1)

1

Finland PPE

Abstain (1)

3
icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE
69

Italy Verts/ALE

3

Spain Verts/ALE

3

Poland Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Czechia Verts/ALE

3

Austria Verts/ALE

3

Ireland Verts/ALE

2

Lithuania Verts/ALE

2

Greece Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Denmark Verts/ALE

2

Luxembourg Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Belgium Verts/ALE

3

Netherlands Verts/ALE

3

Portugal Verts/ALE

1

Finland Verts/ALE

3

Sweden Verts/ALE

3
icon: Renew Renew
96

Poland Renew

1

Hungary Renew

2

Austria Renew

For (1)

1

Ireland Renew

2

Croatia Renew

For (1)

1

Lithuania Renew

1

Greece Renew

1
5

Latvia Renew

For (1)

1

Slovenia Renew

For (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Luxembourg Renew

For (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Belgium Renew

Abstain (1)

4

Estonia Renew

3

Finland Renew

3

Sweden Renew

3
icon: ECR ECR
57

Germany ECR

1

France ECR

Against (1)

1

Romania ECR

1

Bulgaria ECR

2

Croatia ECR

1

Lithuania ECR

1

Latvia ECR

For (1)

1

Slovakia ECR

Abstain (1)

1

Netherlands ECR

Abstain (1)

3

Finland ECR

2

Sweden ECR

3
icon: NI NI
38

Romania NI

Against (1)

1

Czechia NI

For (1)

1

Croatia NI

Abstain (1)

2

Lithuania NI

1

Latvia NI

1

Slovakia NI

Abstain (1)

2

Belgium NI

For (1)

1

Netherlands NI

Against (1)

1
icon: ID ID
46

Czechia ID

Abstain (1)

1

Austria ID

3

Denmark ID

Abstain (1)

1

Estonia ID

Abstain (1)

1
icon: The Left The Left
29

Czechia The Left

1

Ireland The Left

3

Greece The Left

2

Denmark The Left

1

Belgium The Left

Abstain (1)

1

Cyprus The Left

2

Netherlands The Left

For (1)

1

Portugal The Left

2

Finland The Left

For (1)

1

Sweden The Left

For (1)

1
AmendmentsDossier
1082 2023/0133(COD)
2023/10/27 IMCO 420 amendments...
source: 754.964
2023/10/31 JURI 662 amendments...
source: 755.032

History

(these mark the time of scraping, not the official date of the change)

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  • The European Parliament adopted by 454 votes to 83, with 78 abstentions, a legislative resolution on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on standard essential patents (SEP) and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.
  • As a reminder, the proposed regulation aims to improve SEP licensing by addressing the causes of its inefficiency, such as the lack of transparency regarding SEP, fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms and value chain licensing, as well as the limited use of dispute resolution procedures to settle FRAND disputes.
  • The European Parliament's position adopted at first reading under the ordinary legislative procedure amends the Commission's proposal as follows:
  • Subject matter and scope
  • This Regulation should apply to patents that are in force in one or more Member States and that a SEP holder claims to be essential to a standard that has been published by a standard development organisation, after entry into force of this Regulation regardless of whether the SEP holder has or has not made a commitment to license its SEPs on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms and conditions and that is not subject to a royalty-free intellectual property policy, after the entry into force of this Regulation.
  • Competence centre
  • The tasks under this Regulation should be performed by a competence centre established within the EUIPO with the necessary human and financial resources. The competence centre should support transparency and FRAND determination in relation to SEPs and should perform the following tasks:
  • - administer a process for facilitating agreements on and the determination of an aggregate royalty;
  • - set up and maintain a SEP Licensing Assistance Hub for SMEs and start-ups and provide training, support and general advice on SEPs to SMEs and start-ups;
  • - establish a dedicated working group on conditions for licensing SEPs in the value chain and raise awareness about SEP licensing.
  • SEP holders may voluntarily submit their SEPs for essentiality checks to the competence centre prior to registering their patents.
  • Register and electronic database
  • A Union register for SEPs should be set up and maintained in an electronic format by the competence centre. The electronic register should serve as a foundational repository designed to be the primary reference point for users, providing basic information about SEPs free of charge.
  • The competence centre should also set up and administer an electronic database for SEPs which should contain publicly available standard terms and conditions, including SEP holder’s royalty, royalty-free and discount policies, if available. Academic institutions may also request access to the information free of charge solely for the purpose of conducting academic tasks.
  • Information on essentiality
  • A SEP holder should provide the centre of competence with: (i) a final decision on essentiality for a registered SEP made by a competent court of a Member State within 2 months after the decision has become final; (ii) any other essentiality check by an independent evaluator in the context of, for example, a patent pool.
  • The competence centre should verify the information submitted by patent pools on a regular basis and at least once a year, based on a methodology it develops for this purpose, ensuring that the verification process is thorough, transparent and consistent. That methodology should be made available to patent pools and to other stakeholders for the sake of transparency.
  • The competence centre should collect, duly verify and promptly publish information on any SEP related rules in any third country in the database. The competence centre may also collect information on compliance with this Regulation in third countries as well as monitor its impact on implementers.
  • Essentiality checks
  • The evaluators and conciliators in the FRAND determination procedure should possess the necessary and highly specialised expertise and experience while also being independent and impartial. In addition, evaluators should also be able to review prior essentiality checks if they have doubts as to their accuracy.
  • Time-limited out-of-court dispute resolution mechanism
  • Members consider that while proceedings are still ongoing, the parties should not yet be obliged to make a binding decision on whether or not they should comply with the outcome of the procedure. The parties should be able to make such a decision only after learning the outcome of the dispute resolution mechanism.
  • When the parties enter into the FRAND determination, they should select a panel of conciliators for the FRAND determination from the roster. The panel should be composed of three conciliators, one selected by the SEP holder and one selected by the implementer from the roster of conciliators made available by the competence centre. The third conciliator should be mutually agreed upon by both parties.
  • Micro and small and medium enterprises
  • Parliament strengthened the Commission’s proposals in their favour by proposing the establishment of a one-stop shop for MSMEs within the competence centre. MSMEs that are SEP holders should be offered free information on how to better identify potential licensees and how to effectively enforce their rights. Any benefits granted to SMEs under this Regulation may be withheld or withdrawn in cases of circumvention or misuse.
  • Reasoned request to the Commission
  • A SEP holder or a SEP implementer may submit a reasoned request to the Commission to determine whether: (a) the SEP licensing negotiations on FRAND terms and conditions do not give rise to significant difficulties or inefficiencies affecting the functioning of the internal market as regards identified implementations of certain standards or parts thereof within 1 month of the publication of the standard by the Standard Development Organisation; (b) the functioning of the internal market is severely distorted due to significant difficulties or inefficiencies in the licensing of SEPs for particular existing implementations of standards or parts.
  • Assessment of the new instruments
  • As the proposed measures also have an impact at global level, Members believe that the impact on the competitiveness of European SEP holders at global level and on innovation in Europe should also be examined in more detail. If the outcome of this review indicates a negative impact, the Commission should propose appropriate amendments where necessary.
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  • The Committee on Legal Affairs adopted the report by Marion WALSMANN (EPP, DE) on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on standard essential patents (SEP) and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.
  • As a reminder, the proposed regulation aims to improve SEP licensing by addressing the causes of its inefficiency, such as the lack of transparency regarding SEP, fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms and value chain licensing, as well as the limited use of dispute resolution procedures to settle FRAND disputes.
  • The committee responsible recommended that the European Parliament's position adopted at first reading under the ordinary legislative procedure should amend the proposal as follows:
  • Subject matter and scope
  • This Regulation should apply to patents that are in force in one or more Member States and that a SEP holder claims to be essential to a standard that has been published by a standard development organisation, after entry into force of this Regulation regardless of whether the SEP holder has or has not made a commitment to license its SEPs on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms and conditions and that is not subject to a royalty-free intellectual property policy, after the entry into force of this Regulation.
  • It should not apply to SEPs that are subject to a royalty-free intellectual property policy, except when such SEPs are part of a portfolio of patents licensed for royalties.
  • Competence centre
  • The tasks under this Regulation should be performed by a competence centre established within the EUIPO with the necessary human and financial resources. The competence centre should support transparency and FRAND determination in relation to SEPs and should perform the following tasks:
  • - administer a process for facilitating agreements on and the determination of an aggregate royalty;
  • - set up and maintain a SEP Licensing Assistance Hub for SMEs and start-ups and provide training, support and general advice on SEPs to SMEs and start-ups;
  • - establish a dedicated working group on conditions for licensing SEPs in the value chain and raise awareness about SEP licensing.
  • A Union register for SEPs should be set up and maintained in an electronic format by the competence centre. The competence centre should also set up and administer an electronic database for SEPs which should contain publicly available standard terms and conditions, including SEP holder’s royalty, royalty-free and discount policies, if available.
  • Information on essentiality
  • A SEP holder should provide the centre of competence with: (i) a final decision on essentiality for a registered SEP made by a competent court of a Member State within 2 months after the decision has become final; (ii) any other essentiality check by an independent evaluator in the context of, for example, a patent pool.
  • The competence centre should collect, duly verify and promptly publish information on any SEP related rules in any third country in the database. The competence centre may also collect information on compliance with this Regulation in third countries as well as monitor its impact on implementers.
  • Essentiality checks
  • The evaluators and conciliators in the FRAND determination procedure should possess the necessary and highly specialised expertise and experience while also being independent and impartial. In addition, evaluators should also be able to review prior essentiality checks if they have doubts as to their accuracy.
  • Time-limited out-of-court dispute resolution mechanism
  • Members consider that while proceedings are still ongoing, the parties should not yet be obliged to make a binding decision on whether or not they should comply with the outcome of the procedure. The parties should be able to make such a decision only after learning the outcome of the dispute resolution mechanism.
  • When the parties enter into the FRAND determination, they should select a panel of conciliators for the FRAND determination from the roster. The panel should be composed of three conciliators, one selected by the SEP holder and one selected by the implementer from the roster of conciliators made available by the competence centre. The third conciliator should be mutually agreed upon by both parties.
  • Micro and small and medium enterprises
  • The report strengthens the Commission’s proposals in their favour by proposing the establishment of a one-stop shop for MSMEs within the competence centre. MSMEs that are SEP holders should be offered free information on how to better identify potential licensees and how to effectively enforce their rights. Any benefits granted to SMEs under this Regulation may be withheld or withdrawn in cases of circumvention or misuse.
  • Reasoned request to the Commission
  • A SEP holder or a SEP implementer may submit a reasoned request to the Commission to determine whether: (a) the SEP licensing negotiations on FRAND terms and conditions do not give rise to significant difficulties or inefficiencies affecting the functioning of the internal market as regards identified implementations of certain standards or parts thereof within 1 month of the publication of the standard by the Standard Development Organisation; (b) the functioning of the internal market is severely distorted due to significant difficulties or inefficiencies in the licensing of SEPs for particular existing implementations of standards or parts.
  • Assessment of the new instruments
  • As the proposed measures also have an impact at global level, Members believe that the impact on the competitiveness of European SEP holders at global level and on innovation in Europe should also be examined in more detail. If the outcome of this review indicates a negative impact, the Commission should propose appropriate amendments where necessary.
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  • PURPOSE: to increase transparency with regard to standard essential patent (SEP) licensing.
  • PROPOSED ACT: Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council.
  • ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: the European Parliament decides in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and on an equal footing with the Council.
  • BACKGROUND: standard essential patents (SEPs) are patents that protect technology that has been declared essential for the implementation of a technical standard adopted by a standard developing organisation (SDO). Such standards relate for instance to connectivity (e.g., 5G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC) or audio/video compression and decompression standards.
  • To make a product that is standard-compliant, an implementer is obliged to use the relevant ‘essential’ patents. The monopoly granted by such specific patents is balanced by SEP holders' commitment to license these patents on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms, allowing access to market to implementers.
  • For many years, the current system has suffered from a lack of transparency, predictability, and lengthy disputes and litigation. Previous measures to tackle these problems, such as self-regulation, have not proven effective.
  • The applicability of SEPs (particularly for connectivity standards) is going to increase with the rise of the ‘Internet of Things' (IoT). Accordingly, a well-functioning system that facilitates access to technologies, while rewarding innovation, is crucial for the EU's technological sovereignty.
  • CONTENT: the proposal establishes rules on patents essential to a standard (SEPs).
  • The general objectives of this proposed initiative are to:
  • - ensure that end users, including small businesses and EU consumers benefit from products based on the latest standardised technologies;
  • - make the EU attractive for standards innovation; and
  • - encourage both SEP holders and implementers to innovate in the EU, make and sell products in the EU and be competitive in non-EU markets. The initiative aims to incentivise participation by European firms in the standard development process and the broad implementation of such standardised technologies, particularly in IoT industries.
  • The main elements of the proposal are as follows:
  • - the establishment of an obligatory register held by the EUIPO, where SEP holders record their SEPs, providing details on patent and standard. Selected SEPs are subject to a non-binding essentiality checks;
  • - the establishment of an electronic database that would contain information on, among other things, aggregate royalties, FRAND terms and conditions or any licensing programmes, as well as collective licensing programmes.
  • - rules on the registration of BENs;
  • - a procedure for assessing the essentiality checks of registered SEPS;
  • - SEP aggregate royalty: SEP holders will be able notify in the register the expected maximum aggregate royalty;
  • - a procedure for the out-of-court settlement of disputes concerning the fairness, reasonableness and non-discrimination of conditions (FRAND determination). An expert-driven and time-limited out-of-court dispute resolution mechanism that SEP holders and implementers can benefit from when negotiating a FRAND licence;
  • - support measures for SMEs: free advisory services; reduced fees for SEP registration and essentiality checks and access to the SEP register;
  • - the creation of a ‘ competence centre ’ within the EUIPO to manage the above elements (register, database, essentiality checks, global fees, FRAND determination and SME support services).
  • The proposed Regulation will apply to all standards that will be published by standards development organisation after its entry into force. However, where SEP licensing does not give rise to significant difficulties or inefficiencies affecting the functioning of the internal market, the Commission will establish standards or related implementations or use cases, for which the provisions of aggregate royalty determination procedures and the FRAND determination would not apply.
  • On the other hand, the proposed Regulation will in principle not apply to standards that have been published by standards development organisations before its entry into force. However, where the functioning of the internal market is severely distorted due to inefficiencies in the licensing of SEPs, the Commission will determine, within the time limits set out in the proposed Regulation, standards or related implementations or use cases to which the proposed Regulation will apply.