BETA


2023/2050(INI) Role of preventive diplomacy in tackling frozen conflicts around the world – missed opportunity or change for the future?

Progress: Procedure completed

RoleCommitteeRapporteurShadows
Lead AFET ZOVKO Željana (icon: EPP EPP) SÁNCHEZ AMOR Nacho (icon: S&D S&D), KYRTSOS Georgios (icon: Renew Renew), WAITZ Thomas (icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE), KARSKI Karol (icon: ECR ECR), VILLANUEVA RUIZ Idoia (icon: GUE/NGL GUE/NGL)
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 118

Events

2024/01/17
   EP - Text adopted by Parliament, single reading
Documents
2024/01/17
   EP - Decision by Parliament
Documents
2024/01/16
   EP - Debate in Parliament
2023/12/06
   EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Details

The Committee on Foreign Affairs adopted the own-initiative report by Željana ZOVKO (EPP, HR) on a European Parliament recommendation to the Council, Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on the role of preventive diplomacy in tackling frozen conflicts around the world – missed opportunity or change for the future?

The UN defines ‘preventive diplomacy’ as ‘diplomatic action taken to prevent disputes from escalating into conflicts and to limit the spread of conflicts when they occur’. Preventive diplomacy in the EU encompasses political and financial support for the multilateral system, trade, development, humanitarian assistance and human rights, focusing on identifying opportunities to address the causes of conflict and creating spaces for dialogue, often in partnership with international and regional organisations as well as concerned parties.

Recommendations

The recommendations to the Council, the Commission and the VP/HR focus on six main areas where improvements in EU’s preventive diplomacy arsenal should be achieved:

1. Understanding the local and cultural context

The EU should develop preventive diplomacy tools and state-building assistance tailored to the cultural, historical and political context of the country. It should carefully select its envoys and representatives in conflict and post-conflict regions in order to avoid sparking controversy linked to appointments from Member States with historical past in these countries or regions.

The European Council and the EEAS are called on to further enhance the EU’s visibility in other non-EU and partner countries and strengthen the EU’s cultural diplomacy and international cultural relations dimension and activities as a relevant instrument for peace, peacebuilding and conflict prevention, as well as for addressing global challenges, and to demonstrate the EU’s added value and advance cooperation and relations with these countries and international partners.

2. EU Conflict Early Warning System

To ensure that the EU’s conflict Early Warning System is sufficiently proactive, it should be provided with the necessary resources and be based on forward-looking, comprehensive and robust analysis of risk factors that frequently correlate with the outburst of violence, as well as management tools that identify, assess and help to prioritise situations at risk of violent conflict.

3. The role of EU Special Representatives and Envoys in preventive diplomacy, their accountability and overview of their results

Members recommended that the initiatives undertaken by EU special representatives and envoys should be thoroughly assessed, including scrutiny in Parliament . The appointment of EU special representatives, special envoys and ambassadors should only be confirmed after a positive assessment by Parliament’s Committee on Foreign Affairs.

4. Lessons learned from EU mediated conflict resolution and frozen conflicts

Looking at the lessons learned from EU mediated conflict resolution and frozen conflicts, in particular in Africa, the Western Balkans, Nagorno-Karabakh, Cyprus, Northern Ireland, Afghanistan and Ukraine, the report recommends that future EU preventive diplomacy actions consider the missed opportunities and avoid similar situations in the future. In particular, the EU should assess and analyse carefully and continuously the risk factors and adapt its actions in conflict regions in order to prevent the creation of political vacuum that could be filled by actors that might not be acting in the best interest of the country or region in question, or the spread of false narratives.

5. Strengthening partnerships and international coordination

Partnerships and international coordination are key to successful preventive diplomacy and the EU should continue strengthening its partnerships with international, regional and sub-regional actors, such as the UN, OSCE, the African Union and ASEAN, including what concerns early warning, conflict prevention and mediation. An integrated approach, combining humanitarian, development, peacebuilding, security assistance and diplomatic engagement, in coordination with partners, would be more comprehensive and deliver more favourable results in preventive diplomacy.

Efforts should be stepped up in fighting disinformation, misinformation and foreign interference operations.

6. From strategic autonomy to preventive diplomacy

The EU should step up its strategic autonomy in order to be seen as a strong actor in preventive diplomacy. This can be achieved if the EU speaks with one voice and action on the ground is aligned between the EU and its Member States, moving away from individual interests. Building on past experience with joint EU mechanisms, like the EU civil protection mechanism or EU peace keeping missions, the EU can adopt similar approach when developing an integrated and pan-European approach to preventive diplomacy missions. It also remains important to communicate EU’s achievements and success stories better. While being the biggest development aid donor in the world, the output from this significant investment in the public diplomacy scene is insignificant and often even overridden by false narratives presented by other major powers present in developing countries.

Documents
2023/11/28
   EP - Vote in committee
2023/10/26
   EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2023/10/10
   EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2023/04/20
   EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2022/09/08
   EP - ZOVKO Željana (EPP) appointed as rapporteur in AFET

Documents

Activities

Votes

A9-0404/2023 – Željana Zovko – § 1, point h #

2024/01/17 Outcome: +: 460, -: 132, 0: 25
DE ES RO NL PT EL IE FR BE IT FI DK SK BG SI LT AT SE LU MT CZ EE CY LV HR PL HU
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A9-0404/2023 – Željana Zovko – § 1, after point ad – Am 1 #

2024/01/17 Outcome: -: 427, 0: 97, +: 81
MT CY SI EL LV SK LT IE AT LU FI HR EE BE DK BG CZ PT NL HU SE IT RO DE ES FR PL
Total
5
6
8
19
5
12
9
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A9-0404/2023 – Željana Zovko – § 1, after point aq – Am 2 #

2024/01/17 Outcome: -: 523, +: 52, 0: 36
IE MT SI CY LV HR LU EL EE LT SK FI PT DK CZ BG AT SE HU BE NL RO ES PL IT FR DE
Total
13
5
8
6
5
8
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18
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A9-0404/2023 – Željana Zovko – § 1, after point aq – Am 3 #

2024/01/17 Outcome: -: 501, +: 76, 0: 30
IE MT SI CY LV LU EL FI HR EE LT DK SK PT SE BG BE AT HU CZ NL RO IT ES FR PL DE
Total
13
5
8
6
5
6
18
13
8
7
8
14
12
20
20
12
19
14
16
21
24
26
59
56
68
48
81
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A9-0404/2023 – Željana Zovko – § 1, point bq #

2024/01/17 Outcome: +: 455, -: 146, 0: 20
DE ES RO FR NL PT SE SK FI EL BE DK BG LT AT IT SI LU IE EE CZ MT CY HR LV PL HU
Total
85
57
26
69
24
20
20
13
13
19
20
14
12
8
14
65
7
6
13
7
21
4
6
8
5
48
17
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A9-0404/2023 – Željana Zovko – Recital X #

2024/01/17 Outcome: +: 480, -: 108, 0: 34
DE PL ES IT RO FR NL PT BE EL BG SE FI SK DK SI LT LU HR AT EE IE LV CZ MT CY HU
Total
85
48
56
66
26
70
24
20
20
19
12
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13
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8
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2

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2

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1

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2

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1
4

Cyprus S&D

2

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2
icon: Renew Renew
99

Poland Renew

1

Italy Renew

2

Greece Renew

1
3

Finland Renew

3

Slovenia Renew

2

Lithuania Renew

1

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2

Croatia Renew

For (1)

1

Austria Renew

For (1)

1

Estonia Renew

3

Ireland Renew

2

Latvia Renew

For (1)

1

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2
icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE
64

Poland Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Spain Verts/ALE

3

Italy Verts/ALE

3

Netherlands Verts/ALE

3

Portugal Verts/ALE

1

Belgium Verts/ALE

3

Sweden Verts/ALE

3

Finland Verts/ALE

3

Denmark Verts/ALE

2

Lithuania Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Luxembourg Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Austria Verts/ALE

3

Ireland Verts/ALE

2

Czechia Verts/ALE

3
icon: ECR ECR
59

Belgium ECR

2

Greece ECR

Against (1)

1

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2

Sweden ECR

3

Finland ECR

Against (1)

1

Slovakia ECR

Abstain (1)

1

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1

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1
icon: NI NI
40

Germany NI

For (1)

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2

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3

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1

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1
icon: The Left The Left
35

Germany The Left

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5

France The Left

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5

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1

Portugal The Left

4

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1

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1

Finland The Left

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1

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4

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1

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2
icon: ID ID
52

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1

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3

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1

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1

A9-0404/2023 – Željana Zovko – After recital AL – Am 7 #

2024/01/17 Outcome: +: 336, 0: 183, -: 82
PL IT DE ES RO NL BG SE CZ BE FR SK DK LT FI SI EE HR HU LU LV AT PT EL MT CY IE
Total
48
64
84
56
24
24
12
19
21
20
69
13
14
8
13
7
7
8
5
6
5
14
20
18
5
5
12
icon: PPE PPE
153

Denmark PPE

For (1)

1

Finland PPE

Against (1)

3

Estonia PPE

For (1)

1

Luxembourg PPE

2

Latvia PPE

2

Austria PPE

2

Malta PPE

For (1)

1

Cyprus PPE

2
icon: Renew Renew
97

Poland Renew

1

Italy Renew

2
3

Lithuania Renew

1

Finland Renew

3

Slovenia Renew

2

Estonia Renew

3

Croatia Renew

Abstain (1)

1

Hungary Renew

2

Luxembourg Renew

2

Latvia Renew

For (1)

1

Austria Renew

For (1)

1

Greece Renew

1

Ireland Renew

2
icon: ECR ECR
59

Netherlands ECR

Against (1)

4

Bulgaria ECR

2

Belgium ECR

2

Slovakia ECR

For (1)

1

Finland ECR

1

Croatia ECR

1

Latvia ECR

For (1)

1

Greece ECR

Against (1)

1
icon: S&D S&D
115

Netherlands S&D

4

Bulgaria S&D

Abstain (1)

1

Sweden S&D

3

Czechia S&D

Abstain (1)

1

Belgium S&D

2

Slovakia S&D

Abstain (1)

1

Lithuania S&D

2

Finland S&D

2

Slovenia S&D

Abstain (1)

1

Estonia S&D

2

Hungary S&D

For (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Luxembourg S&D

Abstain (1)

1

Malta S&D

Against (1)

4

Cyprus S&D

Abstain (1)

1
icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE
63

Poland Verts/ALE

Abstain (1)

1

Italy Verts/ALE

3

Spain Verts/ALE

Abstain (1)

3

Netherlands Verts/ALE

3

Sweden Verts/ALE

3

Czechia Verts/ALE

3

Belgium Verts/ALE

3

Denmark Verts/ALE

2

Lithuania Verts/ALE

Abstain (1)

1

Finland Verts/ALE

3

Luxembourg Verts/ALE

Abstain (1)

1

Austria Verts/ALE

3

Portugal Verts/ALE

Abstain (1)

1

Ireland Verts/ALE

2
icon: ID ID
50

Czechia ID

Against (1)

1

Denmark ID

For (1)

1

Estonia ID

For (1)

1

Austria ID

3
icon: NI NI
30

Germany NI

For (1)

Against (1)

2

Czechia NI

Against (1)

1

Belgium NI

Abstain (1)

1

France NI

Against (1)

4

Slovakia NI

Abstain (1)

3

Croatia NI

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Abstain (1)

2

Hungary NI

1

Latvia NI

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1
icon: The Left The Left
34

Netherlands The Left

Abstain (1)

1

Sweden The Left

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1

Czechia The Left

Against (1)

1

Belgium The Left

Against (1)

1

France The Left

Abstain (1)

4

Denmark The Left

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1

Finland The Left

Abstain (1)

1

Cyprus The Left

2

Ireland The Left

4

A9-0404/2023 – Željana Zovko – Draft recommendation #

2024/01/17 Outcome: +: 533, -: 64, 0: 25
DE IT PL ES RO FR NL HU PT EL SE BE BG DK FI SK SI LT AT IE LU EE HR MT CZ CY LV
Total
85
65
48
57
25
70
24
17
20
19
20
19
12
14
13
13
8
8
14
13
6
7
8
5
21
6
5
icon: PPE PPE
156

Hungary PPE

1

Denmark PPE

For (1)

1

Austria PPE

2

Luxembourg PPE

2

Estonia PPE

For (1)

1

Malta PPE

For (1)

1

Cyprus PPE

2

Latvia PPE

2
icon: S&D S&D
117

Hungary S&D

2

Greece S&D

1

Belgium S&D

2

Bulgaria S&D

For (1)

1

Slovakia S&D

For (1)

1

Slovenia S&D

2

Lithuania S&D

2

Luxembourg S&D

For (1)

1

Estonia S&D

2

Czechia S&D

For (1)

1

Cyprus S&D

2
icon: Renew Renew
98

Italy Renew

2

Poland Renew

1

Hungary Renew

2

Greece Renew

1
3

Finland Renew

3

Slovenia Renew

2

Lithuania Renew

1

Austria Renew

For (1)

1

Ireland Renew

2

Luxembourg Renew

2

Estonia Renew

3

Croatia Renew

For (1)

1

Latvia Renew

For (1)

1
icon: Verts/ALE Verts/ALE
63

Italy Verts/ALE

Against (1)

3

Poland Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Spain Verts/ALE

3

Netherlands Verts/ALE

3

Portugal Verts/ALE

1

Sweden Verts/ALE

3

Belgium Verts/ALE

3

Denmark Verts/ALE

2

Finland Verts/ALE

3

Lithuania Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Austria Verts/ALE

3

Ireland Verts/ALE

2

Luxembourg Verts/ALE

For (1)

1

Czechia Verts/ALE

3
icon: ECR ECR
59

Netherlands ECR

4

Greece ECR

1

Sweden ECR

3

Belgium ECR

2

Bulgaria ECR

2

Finland ECR

Against (1)

1

Slovakia ECR

Against (1)

1

Croatia ECR

1
4

Latvia ECR

For (1)

1
icon: NI NI
42

Germany NI

2
4

Belgium NI

For (1)

1

Slovakia NI

Against (1)

3

Croatia NI

Against (1)

Abstain (1)

2

Czechia NI

Against (1)

1

Latvia NI

Against (1)

1
icon: The Left The Left
35

Netherlands The Left

For (1)

1

Portugal The Left

4

Sweden The Left

For (1)

1

Belgium The Left

Abstain (1)

1

Denmark The Left

1

Finland The Left

For (1)

1

Ireland The Left

For (1)

4

Czechia The Left

Against (1)

1

Cyprus The Left

2
icon: ID ID
52

Denmark ID

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1

Austria ID

3

Estonia ID

Abstain (1)

1

Czechia ID

Against (1)

1
AmendmentsDossier
243 2023/2050(INI)
2023/10/26 AFET 243 amendments...
source: 754.949

History

(these mark the time of scraping, not the official date of the change)

docs/2
date
2024-01-17T00:00:00
docs
url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2024-0034_EN.html title: T9-0034/2024
type
Text adopted by Parliament, single reading
body
EP
docs/2
date
2023-12-06T00:00:00
docs
url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2023-0404_EN.html title: A9-0404/2023
type
Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading
body
EP
events/2/summary
  • The Committee on Foreign Affairs adopted the own-initiative report by Željana ZOVKO (EPP, HR) on a European Parliament recommendation to the Council, Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on the role of preventive diplomacy in tackling frozen conflicts around the world – missed opportunity or change for the future?
  • The UN defines ‘preventive diplomacy’ as ‘diplomatic action taken to prevent disputes from escalating into conflicts and to limit the spread of conflicts when they occur’. Preventive diplomacy in the EU encompasses political and financial support for the multilateral system, trade, development, humanitarian assistance and human rights, focusing on identifying opportunities to address the causes of conflict and creating spaces for dialogue, often in partnership with international and regional organisations as well as concerned parties.
  • Recommendations
  • The recommendations to the Council, the Commission and the VP/HR focus on six main areas where improvements in EU’s preventive diplomacy arsenal should be achieved:
  • 1. Understanding the local and cultural context
  • The EU should develop preventive diplomacy tools and state-building assistance tailored to the cultural, historical and political context of the country. It should carefully select its envoys and representatives in conflict and post-conflict regions in order to avoid sparking controversy linked to appointments from Member States with historical past in these countries or regions.
  • The European Council and the EEAS are called on to further enhance the EU’s visibility in other non-EU and partner countries and strengthen the EU’s cultural diplomacy and international cultural relations dimension and activities as a relevant instrument for peace, peacebuilding and conflict prevention, as well as for addressing global challenges, and to demonstrate the EU’s added value and advance cooperation and relations with these countries and international partners.
  • 2. EU Conflict Early Warning System
  • To ensure that the EU’s conflict Early Warning System is sufficiently proactive, it should be provided with the necessary resources and be based on forward-looking, comprehensive and robust analysis of risk factors that frequently correlate with the outburst of violence, as well as management tools that identify, assess and help to prioritise situations at risk of violent conflict.
  • 3. The role of EU Special Representatives and Envoys in preventive diplomacy, their accountability and overview of their results
  • Members recommended that the initiatives undertaken by EU special representatives and envoys should be thoroughly assessed, including scrutiny in Parliament . The appointment of EU special representatives, special envoys and ambassadors should only be confirmed after a positive assessment by Parliament’s Committee on Foreign Affairs.
  • 4. Lessons learned from EU mediated conflict resolution and frozen conflicts
  • Looking at the lessons learned from EU mediated conflict resolution and frozen conflicts, in particular in Africa, the Western Balkans, Nagorno-Karabakh, Cyprus, Northern Ireland, Afghanistan and Ukraine, the report recommends that future EU preventive diplomacy actions consider the missed opportunities and avoid similar situations in the future. In particular, the EU should assess and analyse carefully and continuously the risk factors and adapt its actions in conflict regions in order to prevent the creation of political vacuum that could be filled by actors that might not be acting in the best interest of the country or region in question, or the spread of false narratives.
  • 5. Strengthening partnerships and international coordination
  • Partnerships and international coordination are key to successful preventive diplomacy and the EU should continue strengthening its partnerships with international, regional and sub-regional actors, such as the UN, OSCE, the African Union and ASEAN, including what concerns early warning, conflict prevention and mediation. An integrated approach, combining humanitarian, development, peacebuilding, security assistance and diplomatic engagement, in coordination with partners, would be more comprehensive and deliver more favourable results in preventive diplomacy.
  • Efforts should be stepped up in fighting disinformation, misinformation and foreign interference operations.
  • 6. From strategic autonomy to preventive diplomacy
  • The EU should step up its strategic autonomy in order to be seen as a strong actor in preventive diplomacy. This can be achieved if the EU speaks with one voice and action on the ground is aligned between the EU and its Member States, moving away from individual interests. Building on past experience with joint EU mechanisms, like the EU civil protection mechanism or EU peace keeping missions, the EU can adopt similar approach when developing an integrated and pan-European approach to preventive diplomacy missions. It also remains important to communicate EU’s achievements and success stories better. While being the biggest development aid donor in the world, the output from this significant investment in the public diplomacy scene is insignificant and often even overridden by false narratives presented by other major powers present in developing countries.
events/3
date
2024-01-16T00:00:00
type
Debate in Parliament
body
EP
docs
url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-9-2024-01-16-TOC_EN.html title: Debate in Parliament
events/4
date
2024-01-17T00:00:00
type
Decision by Parliament
body
EP
docs
url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2024-0034_EN.html title: T9-0034/2024
forecasts
  • date: 2024-01-15T00:00:00 title: Indicative plenary sitting date
procedure/stage_reached
Old
Awaiting Parliament's vote
New
Procedure completed
docs/2
date
2023-12-06T00:00:00
docs
url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2023-0404_EN.html title: A9-0404/2023
type
Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading
body
EP
events/2/docs
  • url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2023-0404_EN.html title: A9-0404/2023
events/1
date
2023-11-28T00:00:00
type
Vote in committee
body
EP
events/2
date
2023-12-06T00:00:00
type
Committee report tabled for plenary
body
EP
procedure/Other legal basis
Rules of Procedure EP 159
procedure/stage_reached
Old
Awaiting committee decision
New
Awaiting Parliament's vote
forecasts/0
date
2023-11-28T00:00:00
title
Vote scheduled in committee
forecasts/1/date
Old
2023-12-11T00:00:00
New
2024-01-15T00:00:00
docs/1
date
2023-10-26T00:00:00
docs
url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/AFET-AM-754949_EN.html title: PE754.949
type
Amendments tabled in committee
body
EP
docs
  • date: 2023-10-10T00:00:00 docs: url: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/AFET-PR-752799_EN.html title: PE752.799 type: Committee draft report body: EP
forecasts/1/date
Old
2024-01-15T00:00:00
New
2023-12-11T00:00:00
forecasts/1
date
2024-01-15T00:00:00
title
Indicative plenary sitting date
forecasts
  • date: 2023-11-28T00:00:00 title: Vote scheduled in committee
committees/0/shadows/2
name
WAITZ Thomas
group
Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance
abbr
Verts/ALE
committees/0/shadows/2
name
KARSKI Karol
group
European Conservatives and Reformists Group
abbr
ECR
committees/0/shadows/1
name
KYRTSOS Georgios
group
Renew Europe group
abbr
Renew
committees/0/shadows/1
name
VILLANUEVA RUIZ Idoia
group
The Left group in the European Parliament - GUE/NGL
abbr
GUE/NGL
events
  • date: 2023-04-20T00:00:00 type: Committee referral announced in Parliament body: EP
procedure/dossier_of_the_committee
  • AFET/9/11747
procedure/stage_reached
Old
Preparatory phase in Parliament
New
Awaiting committee decision