2023/2068(INI) | [ParlTrack]

Draft opinion
Recital B

B. whereas multiple factors, such as patriarchal societal structures, unequal power relations and gender stereotyping, fuel hate speech and hate crimes against women and gender non-conforming people; Whereas they experience this hate online, but also offline in a variety of settings, including the public space, workplace, schools or public transport;

Amendment 12 #

Draft opinion
Recital B

B. whereas multiple factors, such as patriarchal societal structures, misogyny, racism, antisemitism and anti-gypsism, unequal power relations and gendered stereotyping, fuel hate speech and hate crimes against women and lead to victim blaming of women and their revicitmisation;

Amendment 13 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Recital B

B. whereas multiple factors, such as patriarchal societal structures, structural discrimination, unequal power relations ~~and~~, gender stereotyping and gender biases, fuel hate speech and hate crimes against women;

Amendment 14 #

Draft opinion
Recital B

B. whereas multiple factors, such as ~~patriarchal societal structur~~structural gender inequalities, unequal power relations and gender stereotyping, fuel hate speech and hate crimes against women;

Amendment 15 #

Draft opinion
Recital B

B. whereas multiple factors, such as ~~patriarchal societal structures, unequal power relations and gender stereotyping~~unequal power relations and the invention of social media, fuel hate speech and hate crimes against women;

Amendment 16 #

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas women who are public figures, in particular politicians, are particular targets of online or offline violence and hate speech; whereas women and LGBTIQ+ rights defenders and women journalists experience more hate than their male counterparts; whereas the aim of sexist hate speech is to humiliate or objectify, to undervalue women’s skills and opinions, to destroy their reputation, to make them feel vulnerable and fearful, and to control and punish them for not following certain behaviour; whereas sexist hate speech seeks to silence women and gender non-conforming people, undermine their freedom of speech and limit their movements and participation in diverse human activities;

Amendment 17 #

Vera TAX, Maria NOICHL, Radka MAXOVÁ, Evelyn REGNER, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Katarína ROTH NEVEĎALOVÁ, Pina PICIERNO, Lina GÁLVEZ MUÑOZ, Alessandra MORETTI, Robert BIEDROŃ

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. Whereas hate speech often starts as an act of bias, which can then lead to motivated violence; whereas gender based hate speech and hate crime have enormous consequences on individual women, such as physical harm, sometimes resulting in severe injury or death and psychological harm, including stress, anxiousness and depression; whereas gender based hate speech and hate crime also have enormous consequences on the society as a whole;

Amendment 18 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas sexist hate speech and disinformation are used both offline and online; whereas it can lead to self- censorship and digital exclusion, resulting in the silencing of women, because of the inability to fully participate and express themselves online out of fear of violence and abuse, excluding them from public debates they would like to be part of1a; _________________ 1a GREVIO General Recommendation No. 1 on the digital dimension of violence against women adopted on 20 October 2021.

Amendment 19 #

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. Whereas 52% of young women and girls have experienced online crime, including threats and sexual harassment1a _________________ 1a See survey conducted by the World Wide Web Foundation & World Association of Girl Guides and Girls Scouts using UNICEF’s U report platform, February 2020. http://webfoundation.org/docs/2020/03/W F_WAGGGS-Survey-1-pager-1.pdf

Amendment 2 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas gender-based and sexist hate speech and hate crimes disproportionately affect women1 ; whereas young women and women in the public sphere are targeted by hate speech in particular; whereas some groups of women facing intersectional discrimination ~~experience exacerbated hate speech and hate crimes~~such as women with disabilities, migrant, racialised women such as women from ethnic minorities, black women and women of colour, older women, women with lower education levels, women with health problems, and LGBTIQ+ people are confronted with exacerbated and different layers of hate speech and hate crimes combining sexism with other forms of intolerance or discrimination; _________________ 1 Council of Europe Gender Equality Strategy, ‘Combating Sexist Hate Speech’, 2016.

Amendment 20 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN

Draft opinion
Recital B b (new)

Bb. whereas many women and gender non confirming people are facing daily online threats of murder, sexual assault or rape and often they are not taken seriously by law-enforcement officials and by society as a whole; whereas when reporting this cyber violence, they are still sometimes discredited and stigmatised, resulting in these crimes going underreported and underestimated;

Amendment 21 #

Vera TAX, Maria NOICHL, Radka MAXOVÁ, Evelyn REGNER, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Katarína ROTH NEVEĎALOVÁ, Pina PICIERNO, Lina GÁLVEZ MUÑOZ, Alessandra MORETTI, Robert BIEDROŃ

Draft opinion
Recital B b (new)

Bb. Whereas femicide is the most severe manifestation of gender-based violence; whereas in 2020, the estimation is that 2600 women were killed by intimate partners or other family members in Europe; whereas the number of victims is estimated to be much higher, as there is lack a lack of comparative data and harmonised legal definition of the crime;

Amendment 22 #

Draft opinion
Recital B b (new)

Bb. Whereas evidence suggests that young women and women are generally more impacted than men, by threatening behaviour experienced online, and they are more likely to respond by self- censoring1a _________________ 1a EPRS study Social media platforms and challenges for democracy, rule of law and fundamental rights

Amendment 23 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Recital B c (new)

Bc. Whereas women in the public sphere are often the target of sexist and misogynous hate online, at the individual and institutional level.

Amendment 24 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Recital B d (new)

Bd. Whereas online hate speech has increased dramatically following the Covid-19 pandemic and is considered as a direct threat to women’s political participation, as having a chilling effect on women’s ambition and opportunities.

Amendment 25 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Recital B e (new)

Be. Whereas young women and women are more likely to experience certain forms of hate including sexist verbal violence, feel intimidated by it and thus reduce their online activities

Amendment 26 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Recital B f (new)

Bf. Whereas the cases of young women and women victims of hate speech are of particular concern, such as the recent case in Ireland, which resulted in the establishment of the so-called “Coco law”.1a _________________ 1a https://www.gov.ie/en/policy- information/35bec-intimate-image-abuse/

Amendment 27 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Recital B g (new)

Bg. Whereas the phenomenon of hate speech, specifically against young women and women on the grounds of sex, gender or other grounds has been rapidly amplified online, across EU Member States frontiers, with the use of the social media platforms, spreading disinformation and threatening human rights, privacy and dignity of the individuals; whereas often these disinformation campaigns try to discredit the professional achievements of women by spreading fake stories about their personal lives;

Amendment 28 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Recital B h (new)

Bh. Whereas persons belonging to specific groups, such as those of young women and women with disabilities, are at a higher risk of being victims of those crimes, including hate speech and hate crimes;

Amendment 29 #

Draft opinion
Recital C

~~C. whereas anti-gender movements are internationally connected and spread rhetoric against anyone who does not fall under the norms of the heteronormative, patriarchal society;~~deleted

Amendment 3 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas ~~gender-based~~sexist hate speech and hate crimes ~~disproportionately affect women1 ; whereas young women and women in the public sphere are targeted by hate speech in particular; whereas women~~are forms of violence against women and girls that perpetuate and exacerbate gender inequality1; whereas young women and women in the public sphere, particularly politicians, women in the media and human rights defenders, are targeted by hate speech; whereas there has been a marked increase in anti- LGBTIQ hate crime and hate speech in Europe and gender biases and other stereotypes are among the main drivers1a; whereas women and LGBTIQ+ people facing intersectional discrimination experience exacerbated hate speech and hate crimes; _________________ 1 Council of Europe Gender Equality Strategy, ‘Combating Sexist Hate Speech’, 2016. 1a EU LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020- 2024, 2020 - Council of Europe, Combating rising hate against LGBTI people in Europe, 2022

Amendment 30 #

Samira RAFAELA, Karen MELCHIOR, Hilde VAUTMANS

Draft opinion
Recital C

C. whereas anti-gender movements are internationally connected and spread rhetoric, particularly through the use of online tools, against anyone who does not fall under the norms of the heteronormative, patriarchal society as is the case with the ongoing campaigning against the so-called ‘gender ideology’ ; whereas these movements have the purpose of creating and perpetuating discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, and sex characteristics, thereby violating fundamental rights; whereas the rhetoric propagated by anti- gender movements actively contributes to marginalisation, stigmatisation, exclusion and violence;

Amendment 31 #

Vera TAX, Maria NOICHL, Radka MAXOVÁ, Evelyn REGNER, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Katarína ROTH NEVEĎALOVÁ, Pina PICIERNO, Lina GÁLVEZ MUÑOZ, Alessandra MORETTI, Robert BIEDROŃ

Draft opinion
Recital C

C. wWhereas anti-gender ~~movement~~organisations are internationally connected ~~and spread rhetoric against anyone who does not fall under the norms of the heteronormative, patriarchal society~~movements that spread messages and fear for all that is not within the heteronormative, masculine, patriarchal society; whereas these movements create an ‘anti-gender’ ideology and discourse that fuels gender- based hate crime and hate speech against women and LGBTIQ+ persons; whereas these movements have a cross-border dimension, online as well as offline;

Amendment 32 #

Draft opinion
Recital C

C. whereas anti-gender movements are internationally connected and spread misleading rhetoric against anyone who does not f~~all under the norms~~it the conservatise and traditional vision of the heteronormative, cisnormative and patriarchal society;

Amendment 33 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Recital C

C. whereas ~~anti-gender movements are internationally connected and~~different ideological groups spread rhetoric against anyone who does not fall under their norms ~~of the heteronormative, patriarchal society~~;

Amendment 34 #

Draft opinion
Recital C

C. whereas anti-gender movements are internationally connected and spread rhetoric against anyone who does not fall under the ~~norms of the het~~ir fixed gendero norm~~ative, patriarchal society~~s and stereotypes in all domains;

Amendment 35 #

Draft opinion
Recital C a (new)

Ca. whereas the emergence of anti- gender movements in several EU Member States has had numerous negative effects on institutional, legal and policy frameworks aimed at combating violence against women and ensuring sexual and reproductive rights and have lead also to serious violations of LGBTIQ+ rights, like the LGBTIQ+-free zones; whereas these movements pose a significant threat to the principles of equality, non-discrimination, human dignity and respect for human rights enshrined in article 2 TEU, they have hindered the process of EU ratification of the Istanbul Convention and have negatively affected the ratification and implementation of the Istanbul Convention at the national level in some Member States;

Amendment 36 #

Vera TAX, Maria NOICHL, Radka MAXOVÁ, Evelyn REGNER, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Katarína ROTH NEVEĎALOVÁ, Pina PICIERNO, Lina GÁLVEZ MUÑOZ, Alessandra MORETTI, Robert BIEDROŃ

Draft opinion
Recital D

D. whereas hate speech often starts as an act of bias, which can then lead to motivated violence; whereas hate speech and hate crimes have an enormous psychological and physical impact on individual women and a detrimental impact on society as a whole;deleted

Amendment 37 #

Samira RAFAELA, Karen MELCHIOR, Hilde VAUTMANS, Sylvie BRUNET

Draft opinion
Recital D

Amendment 38 #

Draft opinion
Recital D

D. whereas hate speech often starts as an act of bias, which can then lead to motivated violence; whereas hate speech and hate crimes have a~~n enormous~~ harmful psychological and physical impact on individual women and a detrimental impact on human rights globally and society as a whole;

Amendment 39 #

Draft opinion
Recital D

D. whereas hate speech often starts as an act of bias, which can then lead to motivated violence and aggression; whereas hate speech and hate crimes have an enormous psychological and physical impact on individual women and a detrimental impact on society as a whole;

Amendment 4 #

Samira RAFAELA, Karen MELCHIOR, Hilde VAUTMANS, Sylvie BRUNET

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas gender-based hate speech and hate crimes disproportionately affect women1 ; whereas young women, Roma women and women from ethnic backgrounds, women in poverty and women in the public sphere are targeted by hate speech in particular; whereas women ~~facing intersectional discriminat~~belonging to vulnerable groups such as ethnic minorities living in poverty and social exclusion experience exacerbated discrimination hate speech and hate crimes with hate and disparaging language being a daily occurrence for these women; _________________ 1 Council of Europe Gender Equality Strategy, ‘Combating Sexist Hate Speech’, 2016.

Amendment 40 #

Draft opinion
Recital D a (new)

Da. whereas hate speech and fear- inciting speech thrives particularly on online social media platforms and has increased considerably in the last years, leading to an increase hate crimes against women and LGBTIQ+ persons in the physical world1a; whereas the monitoring of the voluntary EU Code of Conduct on countering illegal hate speech online has seen a decrease in companies’ notice and action results in 20221b, and support for this Conduct has further diminished as demonstrated by the departure of Twitter from the Conduct, leading to a worsening online situation; _________________ 1a https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/ etudes/STUD/2021/662621/EPRS_STU(2 021)662621_EN.pdf 1b https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscor ner/detail/en/ip_22_7109

Amendment 41 #

Vera TAX, Maria NOICHL, Radka MAXOVÁ, Evelyn REGNER, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Katarína ROTH NEVEĎALOVÁ, Pina PICIERNO, Lina GÁLVEZ MUÑOZ, Alessandra MORETTI, Robert BIEDROŃ

Draft opinion
Recital D a (new)

Da. Whereas in striving for a society free of hate speech and hate crimes, it is of outmost importance to tackle the root causes of this phenomenon; whereas education, including comprehensice sexuality and relationships education, awareness raising campaigns and trainings for professionals can have a big added value in this matter;

Amendment 42 #

Draft opinion
Recital D a (new)

Da. whereas, at present, 15 Member States do not include gender identity in hate speech law; whereas statistics show that hate speech against LGBTIQ+ people is pervasively common, in particular online, and there is a notable absence of laws in some Member States to prevent, address and penalise such forms of online abuse;

Amendment 43 #

Annika BRUNA

Draft opinion
Recital D a (new)

Da. whereas people – including many feminists – who campaign against transactivist ideology and assert that men and women are defined by their biological sex face intimidation, death threats and even verbal and physical attacks;

Amendment 44 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph -1 (new)

-1. Condemns all forms of hate speech and hate crimes including those committed against women and girls and LGBTIQ+ persons; condemns the actions of anti-gender and anti-feminist movements in Europe and worldwide that aim to overturn existing laws and public policies on women’s rights and LGBTIQ+ rights;

Amendment 45 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Calls on the Council to conclude a Council decision including hate speech and hate crimes as an area of crime within the meaning of Article 83(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union as soon as possible, with a definition of the criminal conduct that is proportional to the right of freedom of expression;

Amendment 46 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Calls on the Council to conclude a Council decision including hate ~~speech and hate~~ crimes as an area of crime within the meaning of Article 83(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ~~as soon as possible~~;

Amendment 47 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. Urges the Commission to include sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics as discrimination grounds specifically covered by hate crime and hate speech as a new area of crime under Article 83(1); considers such a measure to be essential to ensure the protection of LGBTIQ+ persons in the Union;

Amendment 48 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Calls on the Commission to include an explicit definition of ~~gender-based~~sexist hate speech and hate crimes when legislation is proposed; , recognizing that they are specific forms of violence against women and girls; urges also the Commission to include sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics as discrimination grounds specifically covered;

Amendment 49 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Calls on the Commission to include an explicit definition of ~~gender-based~~hate speech and hate crimes with and aggravating circumstance for hate speech and hate crimes based on discrimination when legislation is proposed, that establishes minimum standards for Member States’ legislation to follow with room to implement regulations into their own diverse legal systems;

Amendment 5 #

A. whereas gender-based hate speech and hate crimes disproportionately affect women1 ; whereas young women and women in the public sphere ~~are targeted by hate speech in particular~~, such as women politicians or women in the media, are targeted by hate speech in particular and physical safety threats which can escalate into hate crime offline; whereas women facing intersectional discrimination experience exacerbated hate speech and hate crimes; _________________ 1 Council of Europe Gender Equality Strategy, ‘Combating Sexist Hate Speech’, 2016.

Amendment 50 #

Vera TAX, Maria NOICHL, Radka MAXOVÁ, Evelyn REGNER, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Katarína ROTH NEVEĎALOVÁ, Pina PICIERNO, Lina GÁLVEZ MUÑOZ, Alessandra MORETTI, Robert BIEDROŃ

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Calls upon the Commission to propose a clear definition of hate crime and hate speech, includeing an explicit definition of gender-based hate speech and hate crimes when legislation is proposed; Calls upon the Commission to include in the proposal offline and online gender- based hate speech and hate crime;

Amendment 51 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Calls on the Commission to include an explicit definition of gender-based hate speech and hate crimes when legislation is proposed and clarify why this kind of speech goes contrary to the principles of freedom of speech and expression;

Amendment 52 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Calls on the Commission and Member States to include an explicit definition of gender-based hate speech and hate crimes, which includes sexist hate speech and misogynistic assaults and related penalties when legislation is proposed;

Amendment 53 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Calls on the Commission to include an explicit definition of gender-based hate speech and hate crimes when legislation is proposed following the inclusion of hate speech and hate crimes in the list of ‘euro crimes’ in the Treaty ;

Amendment 54 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. Recalls the need to address the underlying causes of hate speech and hate crimes against women and girls and LGBTIQ+ people and emphasises the importance of adopting comprehensive measures, including mandatory, recurrent and effective capacity-building targeting professionals likely to come into contact with victims to prevent and minimise the risk of hate speech and hate crimes, as well as measures to ensure protection, access to justice, specialised support services and reparation to victims, all of them fully adapted to the particularities of these crimes;

Amendment 55 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. Welcomes the work of the EU high level group on combating hate speech and hate crime and in particular its key guiding principles on cooperation between law enforcement authorities and civil society organisations and acknowledges the importance of such an approach;1a _________________ 1a https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/ 2023- 03/KGP%20on%20cooperation%20LEAs %20CSOs_final.pdf [SE1]do we need a link between this two? [SP2]https://commission.europa.eu/syste m/files/2023- 03/KGP%20on%20cooperation%20LEAs %20CSOs_final.pdf

Amendment 56 #

Annika BRUNA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. Stresses that the lack of an objective definition of ‘hate speech’ could lead to restrictions on freedom of opinion and expression, which are fundamental freedoms;

Amendment 57 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 b (new)

2b. Recalls that in the EU budget, Citizens Equality Rights and Value (CERV) includes specific funding for calls to promote equality and to fight against racism, xenophobia and discrimination, including hate crime and hate speech;

Amendment 58 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 c (new)

2c. Observes that EU Member States (MSs) have diverging rules, and apply different standards to counter hate speech and hate crimes, however a common EU action is needed in order to ensure the promotion of EU values.

Amendment 59 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 d (new)

2d. Stresses that EU wide measures are needed to reinforce the existing standards and to encourage measures to counter-speech and counter-act against hate speech and hate crime, along with an adequate protection of the victims of such crimes, through the creation of a solid framework and institutional network besides soft measures or self- regulation that serve to build social resilience against hate speech;

Amendment 6 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas gender-based hate speech and hate crimes disproportionately affect women1 ; whereas young women and women in the public sphere are targeted by hate speech in particular; whereas women facing ~~intersectional~~ discrimination experience exacerbated hate speech and hate crimes; _________________ 1 Council of Europe Gender Equality Strategy, ‘Combating Sexist Hate Speech’, 2016.

Amendment 60 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 e (new)

2e. Notes that in order to complete and reinforce the establishment of hate speech and hate crime in the list of EU crimes, Member States should additionally prepare and implement effective strategies to explore and address the root causes of hate speech, with concrete measures to promote awareness raising or education and training.1a _________________ 1a Council of Europe recommendation 2022

Amendment 61 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Welcomes the Commission 3. proposal for a directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence, and the inclusion of minimum rules for the definition of the offence of hatred online and cyber-violence; calls on the Commission to ensure that this directive serves as a minimum standard when it comes to legislation tackling online hate speech and hate crimes; regrets that we still do not have a common definition of violence against women and that the offences covered in the Commission proposal are very few; requests that the Commission submit, on the basis of Article 83(1), third subparagraph, TFEU, a proposal for a Council decision identifying violence against women as a new area of crime that meets the criteria specified in that Article;

Amendment 62 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Welcomes the Commission proposal for a directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence, and the inclusion of minimum rules for the definition of the offence of hatred online and cyber-violence; calls on the Commission to ensure that this directive serves as a minimum standard when it comes to legislation tackling online hate speech and hate crimesinclusion of minimum rules for the definition of the offence of hatred online and cyber-violence and stresses the need for awareness raising campaigns about the dangers of an online presence, especially online activities of children;

Amendment 63 #

Samira RAFAELA, Karen MELCHIOR, Hilde VAUTMANS, Sylvie BRUNET

3. Welcomes the Commission proposal for a directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence, and the inclusion of minimum rules for the definition of the offence of ~~hatred online and cyber-violence; calls on the Commission to ensure that this directive serves as a minimum standard when it comes to legislation tackling online hate speech and hate crimes~~cyber incitement to violence or hatred; underlines that in order to ensure that online material qualifies as cyber incitement to violence or hatred, such material should be assessed based on the criteria laid down in the UN Rabat Action Plan ;

Amendment 64 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Welcomes the Commission proposal for a directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence, and the inclusion of minimum rules for the definition of the criminal offence of ~~hatred online and cyber-violence~~cyber incitement to violence or hatred; calls on the Commission to ensure that this directive serves as a minimum standard when it comes to legislation tackling online hate speech and hate crimes;

Amendment 65 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Amendment 66 #

Samira RAFAELA, Karen MELCHIOR, Hilde VAUTMANS

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Calls on the Commission to establish a binding, mandatory Code of Conduct tackling disinformation and hate speech, alongside a large-scale campaign carried by the Commission, Member States and tech and social media platforms in order to spread awareness on human rights-compliant online content moderation and specifically on reporting, flagging and notifying practices in order to empower both victims and bystanders of online hate speech and fear-inciting speech;

Amendment 67 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Recalls on the Council to activate the passerelle clause by adopting a unanimous decision identifying gender- based violence as one a new of the areas of crime listed in Article 83(1) of the TFEU in view of combatting all forms of gender based violence in a coherent, holistic and coordinated way across the EU;

Amendment 68 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Recalls that the proposals for legislation on combating violence against women and domestic violence, as well as the child sexual abuse online legislation, include provisions related to some important aspects of hate speech and hate crimes online and offline.

Amendment 69 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 b (new)

3b. Calls on Member States to develop a comprehensive approach to prevent and combat hate speech with broad policies that take into account the root causes of hate speech, that ensure full and correct implementation of EU law, strategies or action plans and to allocate appropriate resources for their implementation;

Amendment 7 #

Vera TAX, Maria NOICHL, Radka MAXOVÁ, Evelyn REGNER, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Katarína ROTH NEVEĎALOVÁ, Pina PICIERNO, Lina GÁLVEZ MUÑOZ, Alessandra MORETTI, Robert BIEDROŃ

Draft opinion
Recital A a (new)

Aa. A. Whereas equality between women and men is a core value of the Union enshrined in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU); whereas Article 8 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) requires the Union, in all its activities, to aim to eliminate inequalities, and to promote gender equality; whereas ending the spread of hate and gender based violence is a prerequisite to achieving real gender equality;

Amendment 70 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 b (new)

3b. Stresses the link between online and offline hate speech and hate crime, following the rapid development of the digital world and social media platforms, targeting in the main young women and women. Notes that presumed anonymity online is increasing people’s engagement with hate speech and hate crime.

Amendment 71 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 c (new)

3c. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to pay particular attention to the intersectional forms of gender- based hate speech and hate crime targeted at women and girls from a racial and ethnic background, migrant women, those with disabilities and LGBTIQ+ people;

Amendment 72 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

~~4. Calls on the Commission to actively research, analyse and report on anti-gender movements, including their strategies and funding.~~deleted

Amendment 73 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

~~4. Calls on the Commission to actively research, analyse and report on anti-gender movements, including their strategies and funding.~~deleted

Amendment 74 #

Samira RAFAELA, Karen MELCHIOR, Hilde VAUTMANS

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Calls on the Commission to actively research, analyse and report on anti-gender movements, including their ~~strategies and funding.~~strategies and funding; recalls that the labelling of LGBTIQ+ people as an ‘ideology’ is growing in online and offline communication and in campaigns against so-called ‘gender ideology’; highlights that feminists and LGBTIQ+ activists are often the targets of defamation campaigns, online hate speech and cyberbullying;

Amendment 75 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Calls on the Commission to actively research, analyse and report on anti-gender movements~~, including their strategies and funding~~ within 3 years of the implementation of the proposal, including their strategies and funding as well as combat the misinformation that they spread.

Amendment 76 #

Annika BRUNA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. ~~Calls on the Commission to actively research, analyse and repo~~Stresses that promoting the idea of a so-called ‘traditional’ family cannot be equated to hate speech, nor can making the assert ion ~~anti-gender movements, including their strategies and funding.~~that men and women are defined by their biological sex;

Amendment 77 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to improve the regular availability and comparability of quality, disaggregated data on all forms of hate speech and hate crimes at Union and national level and to harmonise data collection systems among Member States through cooperation with Eurostat, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights and the EIGE; stresses that Member States need to collect accurate disaggregated data on hate speech and hate crimes against women and LGBTIQ+ persons, to interrelate the factors and multiple layers of deprivation, disadvantage and discrimination that make them vulnerable to hate speech and hate crime;

Amendment 78 #

Vera TAX, Maria NOICHL, Radka MAXOVÁ, Evelyn REGNER, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Katarína ROTH NEVEĎALOVÁ, Pina PICIERNO, Lina GÁLVEZ MUÑOZ, Alessandra MORETTI, Robert BIEDROŃ

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Urges Member States and Commission to develop, together with the European Parliament, effective prevention strategies; including a resilient campaign countering hate speech, disinformation and fake news; calls upon Member States to develop specific educational programmes, including comprehensive sexuality and relationships education curricula, that focuses on creating awareness for gender biases, stereotypes and consequently expected roles in society that can lead gender based hate speech and hate crime;

Amendment 79 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Calls on Member States to ensure that professionals and practitioners likely to come into contact with victims of hate speech and hate, crime such as law enforcement, lawyers and judicial authorities, health professionals, school teachers receive evidence-based training aiming to provide targeted support and assistance, prevent secondary victimisation and stigma and ensure a human rights based, intersectional, and gender sensitive response;

Amendment 8 #

Eleni STAVROU, Frances FITZGERALD, Elżbieta Katarzyna ŁUKACIJEWSKA, Sirpa PIETIKÄINEN, Elissavet VOZEMBERG-VRIONIDI

Draft opinion
Recital A a (new)

Aa. whereas sexist hate speech takes many forms both online and offline, notably victim blaming and re- victimisation; “slut-shaming”; body- shaming”; image-based sexual abuse, brutal and sexualised threats of death, rape and violence; offensive comments on appearance, sexuality, sexual orientation or gender roles; but also false compliments or supposed jokes, using humour to humiliate and ridicule the target;

Amendment 80 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Calls the Member States to tackle the problem of underreporting and the issues victims are facing in order to accede to criminal procedures and protection, in a gender sensitive way;

Amendment 81 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Calls on the Commission to respect the national constitutions of the different Member States regarding liberal fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, expression and religion.

Amendment 82 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4b. Calls on Member states and the EC to support civil society organisations fighting all forms of online and offline gender based violence, particularly those that provide victim support services, including by providing financial support; Calls to promote the ethical and privacy- by-design development and use of technological solutions that support victims and help them to regain agency and contribute to protect victims in the online space; calls for the full accountability of perpetrators and for the promotion of programmes addressed to perpetrators aimed at ensuring safe relations and pro-social behaviour;

Amendment 83 #

Vera TAX, Maria NOICHL, Radka MAXOVÁ, Evelyn REGNER, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Katarína ROTH NEVEĎALOVÁ, Pina PICIERNO, Lina GÁLVEZ MUÑOZ, Alessandra MORETTI, Robert BIEDROŃ

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4b. Emphasizes the importance of trainings for professionals in order to ensure that they are aware of the possible gender aspect of hate speech and hate crime, especially when they play an important role in society, such as teachers and law enforcement authorities. Calls upon employers as well as governments to facilitate these kind of trainings.

Amendment 84 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 c (new)

4c. Calls for awareness-raising and educational programmes, including programmes addressed to boys and men, as well as campaigns involving all relevant actors and stakeholders, to address the root causes of hate speech and hate crime, with a specific focus on promoting changes in social attitudes and safe relations and removing gender norms and stereotypes; Stresses the need for special programmes to promote the respect of fundamental rights in the online space, with special regard to developing digital education, literacy and skills to equip users to fight against the dangers of the digital space as well as to manage their responsibilities when interacting within it, particularly in social media platforms, and to ensure the safe use of the internet;

Amendment 9 #