2015/2103(INL) | [ParlTrack]

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas robotics canould play a role in transforming our society for the better; ~~whereas robotics and artificial intelligence can lead to innovations and new business models, and the Union must embrace developments in this area to advance the DSM;~~

Amendment 10 #

Draft opinion
Recital A (new)

Aa. whereas the sale and production of robots rose significantly between 2010 and 2014, with an increase of almost 30% in 2014 alone, particularly in the electronics industry;

Amendment 11 #

Draft opinion
Recital A (new)

Aa. whereas the market for robot services is constantly expanding;

Amendment 12 #

Draft opinion
Recital B

B. whereas the digital transformation of European manufacturing industry~~, which accounts for 15% of EU GDP,~~ could have a value-added potential of EUR 1.25 trillion in 20251~~,and the adoption of autonomous and robotic technologies could result in a competitive advantage for Europe~~ ; __________________ 1 STOA, Scientific Foresight Study, Annex 1, p. 37.

Amendment 13 #

Draft opinion
Recital B

B. whereas the digital transformation of European manufacturing industry, which accounts for 15% of EU GDP, could have a value-added potential of EUR 1.25 trillion in 20251, and the adoption of autonomous and robotic technologies could result in a competitive advantage for Europe; whereas autonomous robotic technologies also have an impact on employment; __________________ 1 STOA, Scientific Foresight Study, Annex 1, p. 37.

Amendment 14 #

Draft opinion
Recital B

B. whereas the digital transformation of European manufacturing industry, which accounts for 15% of EU GDP, could have a value-added potential of EUR 1.25 trillion in 20251, and the adoption of autonomous and robotic technologies could ~~result in a competitive advantage for Europe; __________________ 1~~ contribute to boosting European industrial output and result in a significant competitive advantage for Europe; __________________ 1 STOA, Scientific Foresight Study, Annex STOA, Scientific Foresight Study, Annex 1, p. 37.

Amendment 15 #

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas the development of robotics could result in greater efficiency and savings for the internal market, particularly in the transport, health and care sectors, while reducing human exposure to harmful and hazardous conditions;

Amendment 16 #

Marietje SCHAAKE

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas machine learning offers enormous economic and innovative benefits for society by vastly improving the ability to analyse data, while also raising challenges to ensure non- discrimination, due process, access to information and comprehensibility in decision-making processes;

Amendment 17 #

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas developments in the field of medical applications, such as robotic prostheses and implants, make persons carrying them vitally reliant on the availability of maintenance, repairs, and enhancements;

Amendment 18 #

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas the development of robotics and artificial intelligence has an impact on employment, and thus on the funding mechanisms of social security and pension systems;

Amendment 19 #

Draft opinion
Recital B (new)

Bb. whereas data protection and respect for intellectual property must be taken into account in the development of all new technological and production prototypes;

Amendment 2 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas robotics can play a role in transforming our society for the better; whereas robotics and artificial intelligence play an active part in the digitisation of the economy in many sectors, such as industry, construction and aeronautics, and can lead to innovations and new business models, and the Union must embrace developments in this area to advance the DSM;

Amendment 20 #

Draft opinion
Recital B c (new)

Bc. whereas a many third countries have adopted suitable guidelines and legislation in the field of robotics, while a number of Member States have also begun to give the matter serious consideration;

Amendment 21 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

Amendment 22 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Stresses that an EU-level approach is needed to avoid fragmentation in the internal market, and at the same time underlines the importance of the mutual recognition principle in the cross-border use of robots and robotic systems; recalls that testing, certification and market approval ishould only be necessary in a single Member State, provided that robots and robotic systems do not adversely affect public order;

Amendment 23 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Stresses that an EU-level approach ~~is needed to~~can facilitate development by avoiding fragmentation in the internal market, and at the same time underlines the importance of the mutual recognition principle in the cross-border use of robots and robotic systems; recalls that testing, certification and market approval ~~is only necessary~~should only be required in a single Member State;

Amendment 24 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Stresses that an EU-level approach is needed to avoid fragmentation in the internal market, and at the same time underlines the importance of the mutual recognition principle in the cross-border use of robots and robotic systems; recalls that testing, certification and market approval is only necessary in a single Member State; stresses that this should be supplemented by effective market surveillance which includes access to software where necessary, and that market surveillance authorities need to be equipped with strict legal remedies and powers to recall and sanction infractions;

Amendment 25 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. Stresses the importance of measures to help SMEs and start-ups in the robotics sector that create new market segments in this sector or make use of robots;

Amendment 26 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. Encourages the development of an ambitious European strategy for research and innovation in robotics in order to fully develop its potential for growth and jobs in Europe;

Amendment 27 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. ~~Believes that harmonised standardisation for robotics is necessary and calls on the Commission to engage with~~Recognises that significant numbers of international standards exist and are applied across the industry, which address interoperability and safety; recognises that standards should respond to a demonstrated need from the industry; considers that further development of industry standards for robotics may prove helpful for new industrial and private applications; encourages European and international standardisation bodies to ~~work fur~~review their own ~~improving standards in this field~~standards and consider future development where a need is shown;

Amendment 28 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Believes that harmonised standardisation for robotics is necessary and calls on the Commission to engage with international standardisation bodies to work further on improving standards in this field; considers that the internal market and European industry would benefit from the rapid introduction of a uniform legal and regulatory framework for robotics, so as to endow Member States with modern and effective common standards which take account of future technological developments;

Amendment 29 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Believes that harmonised standardisation for robotics is necessary in order to foster innovation, and calls on the Commission to engage with international standardisation bodies to work further on improving standards in this field; welcomes in this respect the setting up of special technical committees, such as the ISO/TC 299 Robotics, dedicated exclusively to developing standards on robotics;

Amendment 3 #

Kaja KALLAS, Dita CHARANZOVÁ

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas robotics can play a role in transforming our society for the better; whereas robotics and artificial intelligence can lead to innovations and new business models, and the Union must embrace developments in this area to advance the DSM; whereas technology is advancing at an increasingly fast pace, but our social systems cannot respond as quickly;

Amendment 30 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Believes that harmonised standardisation for robotics is necessary and should be part of the EU's standardisation priorities; calls on the Commission to engage more actively with international standardisation bodies and improve cooperation with international partners to work further on improving standards in this field;

Amendment 31 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Believes that harmonised standardisation for robotics is necessary; stresses that it is essential for common, safe and high-level standards to be developed in this future-oriented area and calls on the Commission to engage with international standardisation bodies to work further on improving standards in this field;

Amendment 32 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Believes that harmonised standardisation for robotics and artificial intelligence is necessary and calls on the Commission to continue to engage with international standardisation bodies to work further on improving standards in this field and to guarantee the highest possible level of consumer protection;

Amendment 33 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Believes that harmonised standardisation for robotics is ~~necessary~~legitimate and calls on the Commission to engage with international standardisation bodies to work further on improving standards in this field;

Amendment 34 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. Considers it essential for the European Union to seek a regulatory framework based on ethical principles in line with the complexity of robotics and its many social implications;

Amendment 35 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that robots developed for both manufacturing and individual use should be subject to product safety and consumer protection rules~~; believes that issues of data protection,~~ based on special safety safeguards and certification procedures; believes that issues in the field of the protection of personal data and privacy, intellectual property rights, civil liability, and ~~cybersecurity~~particularly liability and compensation for damage, the ethical and moral framework for the development, production and use of robots, cybersecurity, the registration of advanced robots and the impact of robotics on the environment should be addressed in any policy on robotics, which should in particular focus on employment;

Amendment 36 #

Jiří POSPÍŠIL

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that ~~robots developed for~~ both manufacturing and individual use of robots should be subject to product safety and consumer protection rules~~; believes that issues of data protection, liability and cybersecurity should be addressed in any policy on robotic~~ ensuring minimum safety standards and addressing the heightened risk of accidents resulting from interaction with, or working in proximity to, humans; points to the need to adjust the current EU legal framework on data protection, liability and cybersecurity to the dynamic flow of data that may arise when robots become more autonomous and which is based on existing technical standards;

Amendment 37 #

Kaja KALLAS, Dita CHARANZOVÁ

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that robots developed for both manufacturing and individual use should be subject to product safety and consumer protection rules; believes that issues of data protection, liability and cybersecurity should be addressed in any policy on robotics; stresses the importance of rules for testing robot responses for the purposes of consumer protection;

Amendment 38 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that robots developed for both manufacturing and individual use should be subject to product safety and consumer protection rules; believes that issues of data protection, liability and cybersecurity should be addressed in any policy on robotics; highlights the importance of privacy and security by design in the development of robots;

Amendment 39 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that robots developed for both manufacturing and individual use should be subject to product safety and consumer protection rules; believes that ethical issues and issues of data protection, liability, the impact on employment and training, and cybersecurity should be addressed in any policy on robotics;

Amendment 4 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas robotics ~~can~~are not new; whereas robotics can and do play a role in transforming our society for the better; whereas robotics and artificial intelligence ~~can~~ lead to innovations and new business models, and the Union must embrace developments in this area to advance the DSM;

Amendment 40 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that robots developed for both manufacturing and individual use should be subject to product safety and consumer protection rules; believes that issues of data protection, including third party data, liability and cybersecurity should be addressed in any policy on robotics;

Amendment 41 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that robots developed for both manufacturing and individual use should be subject to product safety and consumer protection rules where appropriate; believes that issues of data protection, liability and cybersecurity should be addressed in any policy on robotics;

Amendment 42 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Considers that robots developed for both manufacturing and individual use should be subject to product safety and consumer protection rules; believes that issues of personal data protection, liability and cybersecurity should be addressed in any policy on robotics;

Amendment 43 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Stresses that in the continental European understanding of authors' rights, intellectual creation is tied to the personality of the author; therefore, artificial agents such as computers or robots cannot be perceived to be authors, and information produced by them cannot be eligible for copyright protection;

Amendment 44 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Considers that the civil liability of robots is a major issue which should be addressed at EU level in order to ensure a high level of legal certainty and consumer protection;

Amendment 45 #

Marc TARABELLA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Stresses the need to take into account the possible impact of the use of robotics on the labour market and, in the longer term, on social protection systems;

Amendment 46 #

Arne GERICKE

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Stresses that wherever the use of robots is proposed there is a need to focus on the dignity of the human being, especially so in the field of health care;

Amendment 47 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Stresses that, once the value of robots has been established, measures must be taken to ensure their accessibility on the market, while ensuring a level playing field in this respect;

Amendment 48 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 b (new)

3b. Points out that for the field of vital medical applications such as robotic prostheses, continuous, sustainable access to maintenance, enhancement, and in particular software updates that fix malfunctions and vulnerabilities needs to be ensured; to this end, a person carrying such a device is to be considered the full owner of the device and all its components, including software source code; considers this necessary to retain the means to support these vital devices, for example if support is no longer carried out by a supplier; therefore, additionally suggests the creation of independent trusted entities that retain the technology necessary to provide persons carrying these devices with such care, including the means to assemble and install software updates on the device; supports creating an obligation for manufacturers to provide these independent trusted entities with comprehensive design instructions as well as source code to this end, similar to the legal deposit of publications in a national library;

Amendment 49 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 b (new)

3b. Considers that better account of the impact of robotisation needs to be taken in Member States' employment policies;

Amendment 5 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas robotics can play a role in transforming our society ~~for the better~~; whereas robotics and artificial intelligence can lead to innovations and new business models, and the Union must actively embrace developments in this area to advance the DSM;

Amendment 50 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 c (new)

3c. Calls on the Commission to put in place a redesigned training framework to prevent a shortage of ICT professionals;

Amendment 51 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Recognises that robotics and AI technologies are increasingly used in autonomous vehicles; notes that some Member States are already enacting or considering legislation in this area in particular~~; stresses that overregulation in robotics and robotic systems should be avoided, and calls instead for future-proof minimum harmonisation, especially in relation to autonomous vehicle~~, which could result in a patchwork of national legislation hampering the development of autonomous vehicles; calls, therefore, for a single set of EU rules striking the right balance between the interests of users, businesses and other concerned parties while avoiding overregulation in robotics and robotic systems.

Amendment 52 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

Amendment 53 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Recognises that robotics and AI technologies are increasingly used in autonomous vehicles; notes that some Member States are already enacting or considering legislation in this area in particular, especially as concerns the issue of liability and compensation for damage; stresses that overregulation in robotics and robotic systems should be avoided, and calls instead for future-proof minimum harmonisation, especially in relation to autonomous vehicles.

Amendment 54 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Recognises that robotics and AI technologies are increasingly used in autonomous vehicles, such as autonomous cars and civilian drones; notes that some Member States are already enacting or considering legislation in this area in particular; stresses that while overregulation in robotics and robotic systems should be avoided, ~~and calls instead for future-proof minimum harmonisation, especially in relation to autonomous vehicles~~it is essential to ensure a high level of security and protection of personal data and privacy.

Amendment 55 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

Amendment 56 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Recognises that robotics and AI technologies are increasingly used in autonomous vehicles; notes that some Member States are already enacting or considering legislation in this area in particular; ~~stresses that overregulation in robotics and robotic systems should be avoided, and calls instead for future-proof minimum harmonisation, especially in relation to autonomous vehicles~~calls for regulatory cooperation in order to amend certain international agreements such as the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic of 8 November 1968 and the Hague Traffic Accident Convention of 4 May 1971.

Amendment 57 #

Jiří POSPÍŠIL

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Recognises that robotics and AI technologies are increasingly used in autonomous vehicles; notes that ~~some Member States are already enacting or considering legislation in this area in particular; stresses that overregulation in robotics and robotic systems should be avoided, and~~the legislation which has already been enacted in this area in particular in some Member States, or which is being considered, should reflect the common need for harmonized standardization for robotics, while avoiding overregulation; calls instead for future-proof minimum harmonisation, especially in relation to autonomous vehicles.

Amendment 58 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

Amendment 59 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4α. Acknowledges that the unconsidered development of robotics and AI could engender serious social and economic dangers; calls on the Union and the Member States to seek a structured public debate concerning the implications of these technological developments as soon as possible and urges those involved in robotics and AI research to provide constructive input through a critical approach to their field of study;

Amendment 6 #

Draft opinion
Recital A (new)

Aa. whereas the development of robotics and artificial intelligence may result in work currently performed by people being largely taken over by robots and there are concerns that in the field of robotics it will not be possible to create as many jobs as are expected to be lost in this process, and it is therefore necessary to address the issues of how to exploit the potential of the newly available human resources and how to ensure decent living conditions for people given the reduced number of job opportunities remaining;

Amendment 60 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Believes that in the case of autonomous vehicles there may not necessarily be a need to replace or alter the legal situation relating to insurance as current practices and relationships between operator, manufacturer and insurer may adequately cope with the introduction of new technologies, as has been the case in the past;

Amendment 61 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Considers robotics can contribute to strengthening and developing a properly functioning digital single market and that it is therefore necessary to harmonise internal market rules governing robotics, which will benefit both SMEs and consumers;

Amendment 62 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Calls on the Commission to present guidelines for the adoption of ethical principles accompanying future robotics regulations and, in particular, forward-looking standards in line with future technological developments;

Amendment 63 #

Dita CHARANZOVÁ

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Underlines that the use of robotics in healthcare is already a growing market, especially in telerobotic surgical procedures, in which Europe leads; asks the Commission to ensure conditions to allow the increased use of such practices;

Amendment 64 #

Marietje SCHAAKE

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Calls on the Commission to increase funding for interdisciplinary studies of the societal impacts of artificial intelligence and machine learning processes;

Amendment 65 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4b. Calls on the Member States and the Commission to launch an in-depth study into the immediate implications of the increasing use of robotics at the workplace and to seek adoption of the necessary framework legislative provisions, so as to make the transition as smooth as possible for workers affected.

Amendment 66 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4b. Considers it important for the EU to adopt a robotics agency to coordinate and facilitate the legislative work of the EU institutions and Member States;

Amendment 67 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 c (new)

4c. Considers it important to pay particular attention to the ethical and internal market implications of production tests for new robotics technologies;

Amendment 7 #

Draft opinion
Recital A (new)

Aa. whereas in particular service robots are soon to be considered fully operational in sectors currently not accessible for industrial robots such as homes, offices and hospitals where they will be used to generate benefits for citizens, employees, and patients, as well as for general productivity;

Amendment 8 #

Marc TARABELLA

Draft opinion
Recital A (new)

Aa. whereas despite the undeniable advantages afforded by robotics, its implementation is likely to entail a transformation of the labour market because jobs hitherto done by people will henceforth be performed by robots;

Amendment 9 #

Draft opinion
Recital A (new)

Aa. whereas robots are increasingly operating in close proximity to people, and safety and liability aspects should be central concerns of all future regulation;

source: 589.122

2016/09/08 EMPL 174 amendments...

Amendment 1 #

Draft opinion
Citation 1

— to incorporate the following suggestions into its motion for a resolution: considers that the ongoing robotisation of the labour market is bringing about opportunities as well as challenges; stresses that robotisation can increase companies’ competitiveness, which can lead to the creation of more jobs,

Amendment 1 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas robot-human teams could be 85 %1more productive than either on its own; and robots by enhancing capabilities of humans will reduce risks of human errors, whereas robotics should focus on complementing human capabilities and not on replacing them; whereas the large- scale use of robotics has the potential to bring about the long-term transformation of work and represents an education and training challenge; _________________ 1 According to research from MIT following joint experience with Carmakers BMW and Mercedes-Benz.

Amendment 10 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. points out that while automation has in general positive effects, nevertheless, over the next decade some jobs will be completely eliminated and many others affected. Highlights that for the time being, considering the currently available technologies, activities which involve human interaction like caring, guiding and leading people or which require expertise for decision making, planning or creative work are the hardest ones to automate;

Amendment 10 #

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Bα. whereas the prevalence of robotics and AI and their increasingly widespread applications have provoked a variety of reactions and objections;

Amendment 11 #

Tiziana BEGHIN, Laura AGEA, Dario TAMBURRANO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. calls on the European Commission to develop a method to enable monitoring of the number and nature of jobs lost and created by robotisation and automation, and the impact of this phenomenon on income lost by social security systems, taking account of the fact that the development of robotics is often co- financed with EU funds;

Amendment 11 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Recital B b (new)

Bb. whereas the great influx of robotics and various AI applications will have a systemic impact on our productive and industrial organisation, as determined by new features that make it qualitatively different from the current organisation;

Amendment 12 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. it is important to call on the Commission to develop an analysis of the challenges and structural opportunities in employment inherent in the constant technological growth and to accompany such growth with an appropriate legislative framework which is easy to revise;

Amendment 12 #

Draft opinion
Recital B b (new)

Bb. whereas the development of robotics could result in greater efficiency and savings for the internal market and European production, while reducing human exposure to harmful and hazardous conditions;

Amendment 13 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. calls for the impact on employment and social policy caused by the significant increase in the sale and production of robots between 2010 and 2014 – equal to almost 30% for the year 2014 alone – to be considered, with reference, in particular, to the electronics industry;

Amendment 13 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Recital B c (new)

Bc. whereas these new features will have consequences for every member of the public, not only in terms of energy and the environment, but also in terms of social and political organisation, and whereas these therefore necessitate action by the public authorities in respect of the productive and industrial system which may differ qualitatively from the action currently taken;

Amendment 14 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. takes the view that clear legal relations should be established regarding robots in an effort to determine an impassable border between man and machine, which must always remain a work tool;

Amendment 14 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Brando BENIFEI, Emilian PAVEL, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Recital B c (new)

Bc. whereas data protection and respect for intellectual property must be taken into account in the development of all new technological and production prototypes;

Amendment 15 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. stresses that while the development of robotics and artificial intelligence is accelerating, it is crucial to shape its course and to anticipate the possible consequences with respect to wealth distribution as well as employment and social policy;

Amendment 15 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Believes that robotics plays a key role in ~~improving the competitiveness and productivity of the European economy~~European reindustrialisation, in helping to reverse the trend towards relocation and in improving the competitiveness and productivity of the economy, and therefore in developing a society that is less tied to working time, thereby freeing up more human and financial resources for personal improvement and the intellectual, creative and social aspects of shared lives; calls on the Commission to promote a pro- innovation policy in robotics, facilitating integration of technologies in value chains, and to assess the need to modernise legislation or develop European guidelines to ensure a joint approach in robotics, essential for companies to scale up in Europe;

Amendment 16 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)

1b. points out that robotisation results, on the one hand, in many jobs being lost and, on the other hand, in individual jobs being lost in many areas, and salary equalisation could be financed by means of the increase in productivity; asks the Commission and the Council to check regularly what consequences for the social protection systems arise as regards their sustainable financing; suggests exploring new financing options for future social protection systems, such as a tax on robots or on automation which replaces human manpower; suggest that the rollout of an unconditional basic salary to counteract the risks of poverty associated with automation be given further consideration;

Amendment 16 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Emilian PAVEL, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

Amendment 17 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)

1b. calls on the Commission to propose a common definition for smart autonomous robots and their subcategories in the workplace by taking into consideration the following characteristics: acquisition of autonomy through sensors and/or by exchanging data with its environment, self-learning, existence of a physical support, adaptation of its behaviours and actions to its environment;

Amendment 17 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Believes that robotics plays a key role in improving the competitiveness and productivity of the European economy; believes that increased efforts in innovation and research in robotics can help Europe to become a global standard setter in this field; calls on the Commission to promote a pro- innovation policy in robotics, facilitating integration of technologies in value chains, and to assess the need to modernise legislation or develop European guidelines to ensure a joint approach in robotics, essential for companies to scale up in Europe;

Amendment 18 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)

1b takes the view, moreover, that civil responsibility with regard to work tools already exists in each Member State and is a matter of subsidiarity;

Amendment 18 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Believes that robotics and artificial intelligence plays a key role in improving the competitiveness and productivity of the European economy; calls on the Commission to promote a pro- innovation policy in robotics and artificial intelligence, facilitating integration of technologies in value chains, and to assess the need to modernise legislation or develop European guidelines to ensure a joint approach in robotics and artificial intelligence, essential for companies to scale up in Europe;

Amendment 19 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)

1 b. stresses that robotisation requires an interplay among several factors such as: technical feasibility, the cost of developing and deploying both the hardware and the software for automation, the cost of labour and related supply-and-demand and the benefits apart from labour substitution i.e. the quality of output. Therefore, understanding the activities that are most susceptible to automation from a technical perspective could provide an unique opportunity to rethink how workers engage with their jobs and how digital labour platforms can better connect individuals, teams and projects;

Amendment 19 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Believes that robotics plays a ~~key~~major role in improving the competitiveness and productivity of the European economy; calls on the Commission to promote a pro- innovation policy in robotics, ~~facilitat~~ensuring integration of technologies in value chains, and to assess the need to modernise legislation or develop European guidelines to ensure a joint approach in, and action on, robotics, essential for companies to scale up in Europe;

Amendment 2 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph -1 (new)

- 1. notes that technological progress has revolutionised the way people access and provide information, communicate, socialise and work, thereby creating new opportunities to participate in public and political discussions, opening up new prospects for an autonomous life, and resulting in enormous employment and economic potential for the European Union and beyond;

Amendment 2 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas robot-human teams could be 85 %1 more productive than either on its own; and robots by enhancing capabilities of humans will reduce risks of human errors, while a significant number of existing jobs are considered to be at risk of automation over the next twenty years; __________________ 1 According to research from MIT following joint experience with Carmakers BMW and Mercedes-Benz.

Amendment 20 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Brando BENIFEI, Emilian PAVEL, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)

1b. stresses that the lack of legal provisions and regulations with regard to work automation is flagrant, given the fact that it underpins the new and already ongoing industrial revolution;

Amendment 20 #

Zigmantas BALČYTIS

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Believes that robotics plays a key role in improving the competitiveness and productivity of the European economy; calls on the Commission to promote a pro- innovation policy in robotics, facilitating integration of technologies in value chains, and to assess the need to modernise legislation or develop European guidelines to ensure a joint approach in robotics, essential for companies to scale up in Europe; believes that Europe should make better use of the available scientific potential, increase the EU’s attractiveness by attracting the best specialists in this field, and orient itself towards global markets;

Amendment 21 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 c (new)

1c. believes that the increasing level of autonomy of robots should be accompanied by the adaptation of liability rules concerning the consequences associated with their actions or inaction, in particular in the workplace; calls on the Commission to consider the pros and cons of a compulsory insurance scheme linked to the obligation for a robot producer to take out an insurance policy covering the potential damage and failures caused by its robots;

Amendment 21 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. Points out that robotics, like any other technological innovation, must be subject to in-depth preventive assessment to identify, along with its evident benefits, its potential risks; special attention must also be awarded to identifying any long- term structural risks, such as the possible increase in technological unemployment, and the social consequences thereof on the welfare system, or the possible increase in industrial concentration;

Amendment 22 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Brando BENIFEI, Emilian PAVEL, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 d (new)

1d. highlights the importance of guaranteeing the safety and health of those interacting with robotics, in particular at the workplace; recalls that robots should be designed using processes ensuring human control and reversibility of robots’ operations;

Amendment 22 #

Neoklis SYLIKIOTIS, Paloma LÓPEZ BERMEJO, Sofia SAKORAFA, Xabier BENITO ZILUAGA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. Is convinced that robotics is an area in which there are still many uncertainties as to how it will evolve; calls therefore on the Commission to enter into continuous dialogue with the relevant stakeholders - e.g. industry, trade unions and the research community - in order to be able to respond appropriately and promptly to technological developments;

Amendment 23 #

Jérôme LAVRILLEUX

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. education ~~must pave the way for the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation~~and training must adapt to changes in professions and modes of production, such as robotisation and automation, in order to provide the next generation with all the tools needed to offer them the best possible preparation for the job market;

Amendment 23 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1 a. Stresses that the development of robotics in the EU will have a strong impact on industrial relations. Believes that this impact should be addressed in a balanced manner so as to promote the reindustrialisation and allow also the workers to enjoy the productivity gains for example by reducing the working time without loss of salary;

Amendment 24 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. education ~~must pave the way for the next generati~~and training can be key instruments for finding the way for everyone to be able to ~~live fully productive live~~take informed decisions and develop a sense of initiative and self-awareness in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation;

Amendment 24 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1 a. Stresses that increased use of robotics provide the possibility to boost the reindustrialization efforts of the European Union; believes a sound civil law framework for robotics paired with the necessary digital infrastructure will not only increase productivity and innovation but also can help to overcome the investment crisis;

Amendment 25 #

Heinz K. BECKER

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. ~~education must pave the way for the next generation to be~~life-long learning constitutes a basic requirement for being able to live fully productive lives in a world ~~which will be changed by~~that is constantly changing through robotisation and automation;

Amendment 25 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Brando BENIFEI, Emilian PAVEL

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1 a. Believes that the shortening of the time passed from innovation to industrialisation should be encouraged through the wider use of robotics and artificial intelligence, and facilitated by the growth of scalable SMEs especially in the field of 3D printing;

Amendment 26 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. education must pave the way for the next generation ~~to be able to live fully productive lives~~ in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation;

Amendment 26 #

Neoklis SYLIKIOTIS, Paloma LÓPEZ BERMEJO, Sofia SAKORAFA, Xabier BENITO ZILUAGA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)

1b. Notes that non-EU countries have recognised the strategic importance of robotics and are challenging the EU’s global-market leadership through, for instance, takeovers of European manufacturers; calls on the Commission to devise an industrial strategy that addresses the role of strategically significant sectors such as robotics and sets out how the EU can retain jobs, growth, know-how and much of the value chain;

Amendment 27 #

Anne SANDER

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. education ~~must pave the way for~~and lifelong learning must pave the way for the current generation and the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation;

Amendment 27 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)

1 b. Considers that in order to maximize the benefits of robotics, it must not to be used for a mere substitution of workers, but it must help to create more quality jobs and scale-up the whole production of a company;

Amendment 28 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. ~~education must pave the way for~~training at work, both initial and continuing, must pave the way for the current working generation and the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation;

Amendment 28 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Stresses that innovation in robotics and artificial intelligence require digital infrastructure that provides ubiquitous connectivity; calls for foresight and forecast studies to be conducted to help quantify, for preventive reasons, these connectivity requirements in the medium and long term; calls on the Commission to ~~set a framework~~establish a road map that will meet the connectivity requirements for the various programmes, including in the field of robotics, planned for the Union’s digital future;

Amendment 29 #

Romana TOMC

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. educational systems must pave the way for the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation;

Amendment 29 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Stresses that innovation in robotics and artificial intelligence require digital infrastructure capable to integrate robotics technology within the current systems and society as well as that provides ubiquitous connectivity; calls on the Commission to set a framework that will meet the connectivity requirements for the Union’s digital future;

Amendment 3 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. ~~there is a need to examine whether the spread~~calls on the Commission to undertake a thorough assessment of the impact that robotics has had and will continue to have on the number and types of rjob~~ots brings welfare and progress if this happens in situations in which human labour is unnecessary within the traditional production and service struct~~s as well as the quality and the competence profiles both as regards existing and new jobs, and gather information on new forms of employment; points out that any political decision with regard to shaping technological progress must be aimed at steering its course – in ~~other words, what conditions are needed in addition to financial security to ensure that people remain healthy, happy and active~~a socially just, inclusive and sustainable way, at reducing inequality and ensuring that all human beings have equal opportunities to develop their sense of being an individual, talents and skills;

Amendment 3 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Recital B

B. whereas the Union holds a leading position in industrial robotics, with a share of more than 25 %2 of supply and use; and whereas maintaining that leading position and share is therefore an industrial strategy priority; __________________ 2 http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon20 20/en/h2020-section/robotics.

Amendment 30 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. ~~education must pave the way fo~~basic and further training must pave the way for society, in particular the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation;

Amendment 30 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Stresses that innovation in robotics and artificial intelligence require digital infrastructure that provides ubiquitous connectivity; calls on the Commission to set a framework that will meet the connectivity requirements for the Union’s digital future; considers that the internal market and European industry would benefit from the rapid introduction of a uniform legal and regulatory framework for robotics, so as to endow Member States with modern and effective common standards ahead of further technological developments;

Amendment 31 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. education must pave the way for the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which ~~will~~may be changed by robotisation and automation;

Amendment 31 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

Amendment 32 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. underlines that education must pave the way for the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation; stresses the importance of the flexibility of skills and emphasises the importance of life skills and social skills in education; is certain that, in addition to schools teaching academic knowledge, children need to acquire thinking skills to be able to question, creative skills to be able to put ideas into action and lifelong learning needs to be realised through lifelong acting; underlines that digital competences need to be part of the basic curriculum;

Amendment 32 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

Amendment 33 #

Neoklis SYLIKIOTIS, Paloma LÓPEZ BERMEJO, Xabier BENITO ZILUAGA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. education must pave the way for the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation; particular attention should be paid to the digitalisation of teaching and exploiting robotisation in teaching and learning; evaluation frameworks should be examined paying attention to modern skills; education should also emphasise humanities, which bring benefit in the form of creative, inventive, artistic and cultured qualities in the changing labour market; special emphasis should be given to the Lifelong Learning Programme;

Amendment 33 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2 a. Believes that in order to implement a socially balanced framework on robotics that allows the development of European industries without mass destruction of jobs, social partners, both trade union and industry, have to be involved and considered at EU, Member States and industry level;

Amendment 34 #

Henna VIRKKUNEN, Michał BONI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. education must pave the way for the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation; today’s fast-paced automation and digitalisation of work and services require digital skills and competences to be developed immediately in order to ensure a high level of employment, eradicate growing digital illiteracy and the risk of social exclusion that is associated with it;

Amendment 34 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2 a. Stresses that fostering the digital skills has to be included in all the teaching and training from the early school years to higher education and vocational training; also the companies have to put effort in keeping the skills of their employees up-to-date;

Amendment 35 #

Tiziana BEGHIN, Laura AGEA, Dario TAMBURRANO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. education must pave the way for the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation, focusing on training initiatives for jobs with creative and non-repetitive content;

Amendment 35 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2 a. Underlines that unhindered connectivity is a prerequisite to growth and innovation; calls on the Commission to ensure that access to broadband and 5G networks is accompanied by equal treatment of traffic in the spirit of the net neutrality principle;

Amendment 36 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Brando BENIFEI, Emilian PAVEL, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. education must pave the way for the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation; and as preparation for potential new areas of business that will develop;

Amendment 36 #

Jean-Luc SCHAFFHAUSER

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Strongly believes that interoperability between systems, devices and cloud services, based on security and privacy by design, are essential for enabling real time data flows enabling robots to become more flexible and autonomous; ~~asks the Commission to promote an open environment, from open standards and innovative licensing models, to open platforms and transparency, in order to avoi~~regards it as essential to promote high encryption standards for robot-server interaction in order to prevent leakage of essential strategic data or a malicious machine takeover; insists that it is essential to foster synergies between semiconductor producers, business software vendors and clo~~ck-in in proprietary systems that restrain interoperability;~~ ud IT service providers so as to ensure that Europe leads the way in the miniaturisation of industrial robot control units;

Amendment 37 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. highlights the necessity for educational systems to better reflect the development of robotics and automation; is concerned about the risk of destruction of jobs notably less qualified ones; calls for a massive professional training plan for the labour force focusing on digital skills and re-qualification; and supports the improvement of digital skills at school, including computer coding learning;

Amendment 37 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Strongly believes that interoperability between systems, devices and cloud services, which must be based on security and ~~privacy~~fundamental rights by design, are essential for enabling real time data flows enabling robots to become more secure, flexible and autonomous; asks the Commission to ~~promote~~define the role of the European research and innovation system in promoting an open environment, from open standards and innovative licensing models, to open platforms and transparency, in order to avoid lock-in in proprietary systems that restrain interoperability;

Amendment 38 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2 a. calls for efforts to create the kind of educational system that will preserve the value of human labour in the future to prevent situations where groups which might be considered "obsolete" could be deemed "inferior". Highlights also the importance of peopling adapting their skills to the tasks in which they continue to have a comparative advantage over machines;

Amendment 38 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

Amendment 39 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. considers that the robotics industry could have important benefits in terms of effectiveness and economy, in particular in the health and welfare sectors, and could reduce the risk of human exposure to harmful and dangerous conditions;

Amendment 39 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Strongly believes that interoperability between systems, devices and cloud services, based on security and privacy by design, ~~are~~is essential for enabling real time data flows enabling robots and artificial intelligence to become more flexible ~~and autonomous~~; asks the Commission to promote an open environment, from open standards and innovative licensing models, to open platforms and transparency, in order to avoid lock-in in proprietary systems that restrain interoperability;

Amendment 4 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. there is a need to examine whether the spread of robots brings welfare and progress if this happens in situations in which human labour is unnecessary within the traditional production and service structure – in other words, what conditions are needed in addition to financial security to ensure that people remain healthy, happy and activemore research on the (impact of the) changing labour market is needed to anticipate as efficiently as possible what the effects will be in this regard; underlines that the theoretical benefits of symbiosis between humans and machines should also contribute effectively to wellbeing and development;

Amendment 4 #

Draft opinion
Recital B

B. whereas the Union holds a leading position in industrial robotics, with a share of more than 25 %2 of supply and use, growth in this market is estimated at 8-9% per annum2a; __________________ 2 http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon20 20/en/h2020-section/robotics. 2aAccording to Robotics 2020. Strategic Research Agenda for Robotics in Europe 2014-2020.

Amendment 40 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. strongly calls for this training to maintain the predominance of humans over robots, whatever their level of capability;

Amendment 40 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3 a. Stresses that a high level of safety, security and privacy of data used for the communication between people and robots and artificial intelligence, together with high quality of voice recognition systems, has to be ensured; calls on the Commission and Member States to support and incentivise the development of the necessary technology, including security by design and channels of communication;

Amendment 41 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. a~~n answer~~ttention must be found to the question of what provisions might be necessary in terms of the competitiveness of the labour force if the artificial or genetic development or supplementing of existing human capabilities results in people with extraordinary abilities, thereby altering the meaning of the term 'disability' and conferring an unassailable advantagdrawn to making sure that all citizens have equal and barrier-free access to benefiting from new technology, and to ensuring that the citizens have the minimum skills needed to exploit new technology; the fall in the price of technology helps citizens in obtaining modern equipment; attention must be paid to ensuring that citizens with special needs have oan ~~people with access to such tools and interventions~~unobstructed access to the digital labour market and all employment;

Amendment 41 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 b (new)

3 b. Stresses that education, research, development and training activities on learning and teaching coding and robotics are an essential part of the innovation economy;

Amendment 42 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. ~~an answer must be found to the question of what provisions might be necessary in terms of the competitiveness of the labour force if the~~the attempt to turn the human in general and the human body in particular into a tool must be prevented; any attempt to genetically modify humans must be strictly forbidden; in particular, any attempt to permanently artificially or genetically develop~~ment or supplementing of~~ and enhance existing human ~~cap~~abilities ~~results in people with extraordinary abilities, thereby altering the meaning of the term 'disability' and conferring an unassailable advantage on people with access to such tools and interventions~~with a view to creating more productive meta-humans must be forbidden;

Amendment 42 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 c (new)

3 c. Underlines that a high level of safety and security of data used for the communication between people and robots and artificial intelligence, together with high quality of voice recognition systems, has to be ensured; calls on the Commission and Member States to support and incentivise the development of the necessary technology, including security by design and channels of communication;

Amendment 43 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Emilian PAVEL, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. an answer must be found to the question of what provisions might be necessary in terms of the competitiveness of the labour force if the artificial or genetic development or supplementing of existing human capabilities results in people with extraordinary abilities, thereby altering the meaning of the term 'disability' and conferring an unassailable advantage on people with access to such tools and interventionpoints out that every choice that a human being makes with regard to their own body, insofar it corresponds with lawful activities and human rights, must be respected; an answer must be found to the question of what provisions might be supportive to improve the options, productivity and work quality of the labour force if robotics impact on workers bodily capabilities; underlines that the individual decision to choose or reject an implant, prosthesis or extension to a human body must never lead to unfavourable treatment or threats with regard to employment, education, health care, social security or other benefits;

Amendment 43 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Notes that data access ~~is key to innovation in machine learning algorithms; calls on the Commission to implement an ambitious strategy on Open and free flow of data~~respecting fundamental rights rules is central to innovation in machine learning algorithms and to their scientific and industrial exploitation; calls on the Commission to implement an ambitious strategy on Open and free flow of data, under which the protection afforded by the public authorities ensures that SMEs, start-ups and academic and citizens’ organisations can participate on an equal footing with major transnational organisations; points out that such data access calls for a thorough overhaul of the current regulatory framework applicable to copyright;

Amendment 44 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. ~~an answer must be found to the question of what provisions might be necessary in terms~~highlights the need to take into account the impact of robotics and automation ofn the competitiveness of the labour force, i~~f the artificial or genetic~~n particular if technological development ors supplement~~ing of~~ existing human capabilities ~~results in people with extraordinary abilities, thereby altering~~which could alter the meaning of the term 'disability' and confer~~ring~~ an unassailable advantage on people with access to such t~~ools and interven~~echnological innovations;

Amendment 44 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Notes that data access is key to innovation in machine learning algorithms; calls on the Commission to implement an ambitious strategy on Open and free flow of data; points in this connection to the Commission’s ‘Free Flow of Data’ initiative and stresses that, as regards robotics, it should address data exchange and trading within the digital industry while taking full account of personal data protection and intellectual property law;

Amendment 45 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. ~~an answer~~thorough consideration must be ~~found~~given to the question of ~~what provisions might be necessary in terms of the competitiveness of the labour force if~~how the individual and collective competitiveness of all stakeholders could be optimised; points out in this respect that the artificial or genetic development or supplementing of existing human capabilities results in people with extraordinary abilities~~, thereby altering the meaning of the term 'disability' and conferring an unassailable advantage on people with access to such tools and interventions~~ which will naturally raise ethical and moral questions that should be examined thoroughly and separately;

Amendment 45 #

Jean-Luc SCHAFFHAUSER

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Notes that data access is key to innovation in machine learning algorithms; calls on the Commission to implement an ambitious strategy on ~~Open and free flow of data~~data localisation and exploitation in Europe by genuinely European actors;

Amendment 46 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. ~~an answer must be found to~~Is of the opinion that robotics has great potential for the support and relief, in particular, of people with disabilities and elderly people in their everyday lives and will make a major contribution to their leading self-determined lives and their integration in the labour market; finds that there is a need to tackle the question of what provisions might be necessary in terms of the competitiveness of, for instance, the labour force if the artificial or genetic development or supplementing of existing human capabilities results in people with extraordinary abilities, thereby fundamentally altering the meaning of the term '‘disability~~' and conferring an unassailable advantage on people with access to such tools and interventions~~’;

Amendment 46 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Notes that data access is key to innovation in machine learning algorithms; calls on the Commission to implement an ambitious framework and strategy on Open and free flow of data;

Amendment 47 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. an legislative answer must be found to the question of what provisions ~~might b~~are necessary in terms of the competitiveness of the labour force if the artificial or genetic development or supplementing of existing human capabilities results in people with extraordinary abilities, ~~thereby altering the meaning of the term 'disability'~~ and if that calls into question the assessment of maximum humand c~~onferring an unassailable advantage on peopl~~apacity and therefore withs a~~ccess to such tools and interventions~~dverse effect: the ‘disability’;

Amendment 47 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Stresses that digital and related technical developments, such as robotics, represent new challenges for businesses, in particular SMEs, with a view to safeguarding their data and intellectual property; calls on the Commission to analyse cybersecurity risks on the basis of a sector-specific approach; calls furthermore on the Commission to take up the issue of robotics in connection with cybersecurity strategy (COM(2016)410) and include it in the discussions of the projected high-level group on cybersecurity;

Amendment 48 #

Ádám KÓSA, Helga STEVENS

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. stresses that an answer must be found to the question of what employment provisions might be necessary in terms of the competitiveness of the labour force if the artificial or genetic development or supplementing of existing human capabilities results in people with extraordinary abilities, thereby altering the meaning of the term 'disability' and conferring an unassailable advantage on people with access to such tools and interventions, and in this regard points out that as human dignity is at the centre of European and international human rights law, it is important to examine how it can be ensured that those who are not yet classified as disabled do not find themselves in the same situation as those living with intellectual disabilities and whether people living with intellectual disabilities will in the future be able to take fully-fledged decisions in the form of supported decision-making as outlined in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities with the help of robots and how responsibility will be divided among them;

Amendment 48 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4 a. Stresses that in the continental European understanding of authors' rights, intellectual creation is tied to the personality of the author; therefore artificial agents such as robots and artificial intelligence cannot be perceived of as authors and information produced by them shall not be eligible for copyright protection;

Amendment 49 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. points out that the continued development of robots may allow for the more effective integration of people with physical or mental disabilities in labour markets; raises the issue that the high innovation and procurement costs may undermine this option; raises the issue that with the introduction of robot and automation technology there is the risk that people with disabilities may be pushed out of labour markets; calls for an examination of how public social security systems can be developed to ensure that people with disabilities gain equal access to the labour market; calls for people with disabilities or their representatives to be actively involved in all assessment processes;

Amendment 49 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Brando BENIFEI, Emilian PAVEL, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4 a. Notes that robotics Technology has the potential to transform lives and work practices, raise efficiency and safety levels, provide enhanced level of services. Its impact will grow over time as will the interaction between robots and people;

Amendment 5 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. ~~there is a need to examine whether~~points out the need to anticipate the implications of the spread of robot~~s br~~ics regardings welfare and social progress ~~if this happens in situa~~and to identify the conditions, in ~~which human labour is unnecessary within the traditional production and service structure – in other words, what conditions are needed in addition to financial security to ensure that people remain~~cluding legal provisions, that are needed to reach the EU 2020 targets in terms of employment and the fight against poverty and social exclusion in order to ensure that people benefit from a high level of social protection also in the digital age and are healthy, happy and active;

Amendment 5 #

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas robots convert digital data into physical actions and, accordingly, there is a close link between robotics (and artificial intelligence) and industrial digitisation; whereas similar issues are emerging in a host of areas, and an eye must be kept on interplay between possible legislative initiatives;

Amendment 50 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. points out however, that there are risks from using robots which should be carefully weighed against the benefits they might bring. Work injuries caused by robots and related claims should be kept in mind. While wearable robot technology like exoskeletons aimed at protecting against workplace injuries might increase productivity, they could give rise to higher employer expectations of human workers and, in turn, to greater injury risks. This must be taken into consideration by legislators, employers, unions and employees via internal rules, collective agreements etc. Other risks associated with robots might relate to anti-discrimination which could occur following a job interview in the event of data that was acquired leading to unintended analysis. Trade and privacy issues could also appear following the use of robots;

Amendment 50 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4 a. Calls on Member States to prepare the education sector to be responsive to the challenges posed by robotics for future generations;

Amendment 51 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. stresses that in the face of already- increasing divisions in society, with a shrinking middle class, it is important to bear in mind that developing robotics may lead to a high concentration of wealth and influence in the hands of a minority;

Amendment 51 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4 b. Strongly believes that in the medium term robotics technology will have a far more influential effect on the competitiveness of non-manufacturing industries such as agriculture, transport, healthcare, security and utilities;

Amendment 52 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. considers it essential for the European Union to specify a legal framework inspired by ethical principles that reflect the complexity of robotics and its numerous social implications;

Amendment 52 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4 b. Points out that the technological development in the field of autonomous machines, for example cars and drones, should be accompanied by solutions to the new ethical challenges;

Amendment 53 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. points out that~~, whilst robotics and artificial intelligence promise real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy~~ the use of robotics offers huge potential for creating new, high-quality jobs and optimising work processes, in particular the abolition of activities which are monot only for production and trade but also in areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans (whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lostous, physically demanding and pose a danger to people’s health, and that robotics and artificial intelligence offer real advantages in terms of health and safety in the workplace, increasing the efficiency of activities and saving energy and materials;

Amendment 53 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Brando BENIFEI, Emilian PAVEL, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 c (new)

4 c. Points out that developments in the field of vital medical applications such as robotic prostheses, should not reduce the autonomy and self-determination of persons carrying them; therefore a person carrying such a device is to be considered the full owner of the respective device and all its components, including software source code; considers this necessary to retain the means to support these vital devices; for example if maintenance, repairs or enhancements, including software updates fixing malfunctions and vulnerabilities, are no longer carried out by a supplier; therefore additionally suggests the creation of independent trusted entities that retain the technology necessary to provide persons carrying these devices with such care; including the means to assemble and install software updates on the device; supports creating an obligation for manufacturers to provide these independent trusted entities with comprehensive design instructions as well as source code to this end, similar to the legal deposit of publications to a national library;

Amendment 54 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. points out that, whilst robotics and artificial intelligence promise real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy ~~not only for production and trade but also in areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans (whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger~~, there is a danger of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lost; calls on the Commission and the Member States, in cooperation with social partners and regional and local authorities where appropriate, to regularly assess the impact of robotics and artificial intelligence ofn the number ~~of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lost~~and types of job opportunities available and to identify information on new forms of employment; highlights that particular attention should be paid to the sectors where automation is less desirable;

Amendment 54 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 c (new)

4 c. Believes that medicine robots continue to make inroads into the provision of high accuracy surgery and in performing repetitive procedures. They have the potential to improve outcomes in rehabilitation, and provide highly effective logistics support within hospitals;

Amendment 55 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. points out that, ~~whilst~~although robotics and artificial intelligence ~~promis~~may provide real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy ~~not only for~~, production, services and trade ~~but also~~ remain areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans (whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lostich are still wholly dependent on human intelligence today;

Amendment 55 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 d (new)

4 d. Underlines that the growing use of robotics in the manufacturing but also in all areas of human life require assessment and measures to ensure that the social and environmental aspects are properly addressed;

Amendment 56 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. points out that, whilst robotics and artificial intelligence doclearly promise real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy not only for production and trade but also in areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans ~~(whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lost~~, it believes that in the long term considerable changes will take place, and as a result of those changes, labour and production will have to be organised and adjusted;

Amendment 56 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 – introductory part

5. Calls on the Commission to increase its support in the mid-term review of the MFF for the Horizon 2020 funded SPARC programme and to promote a collaborative environment between national and European institutions, the research community, standardisation bodies and the private sector;

Amendment 57 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. points out that, whilst robotics and artificial intelligence promise real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy not only for production and trade but also in areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans ~~(whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger~~, there may be a risk of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lost; calls on Member States and the relevant institutions of the Union to urgently develop new mechanisms of protection which are suited to the working and career patterns shaped by digitalisation and the increased use of robotics;

Amendment 57 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5 a. SMEs and specially Start Ups are particularly important and form a vital part of the robotics landscape in terms of establishing component supply chains, driving innovation, opening up new markets and ﬁlling niches with valuable products and services. Stresses that the PPP will drive entrepreneurship, Start Ups and SMEs;

Amendment 58 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

Amendment 58 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 b (new)

5 b. Notes that Europe must face the challenge of growing an innovation based community where SME and global companies can work together to innovate producing robotic technology on global scale. Achieving open innovation and creating a strong component market place are important strategic objectives;

Amendment 59 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. points out that, whilst robotics and artificial intelligence promise real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy not only for production and trade but also in areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans, such as the customer service sector in which large numbers of sometimes low-skilled people are employed in service industries and offices (whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lost in areas such as transport, logistics and office work;

Amendment 59 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. Any legislative initiative, in any field, on robotics and artificial intelligence should provide legal certainty without stifling innovation, in a manner compatible with the aims of the whole of European society and with the benefits which it expects these new technologies to have for all its members, without exception;

Amendment 6 #

Romana TOMC

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. ~~there is a need~~calls on the Commission to examine whether the spread of robots brings welfare and progress if this happens in situations in which human labour is unnecessary within the traditional production and service structure – in other words, what conditions are needed in addition to financial security to ensure that people remain healthy, happy and active;

Amendment 6 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas more substance needs to be given to the Commission’s work to establish and achieve industrial policy, research, economic and legal objectives in the field of robotics within the framework of the completion of the digital single market, as this is a strategic means of adapting European society to the needs of the 21st century;

Amendment 60 #

Marian HARKIN, Renate WEBER

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. points out that, whilst robotics and artificial intelligence promise real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy not only for production and trade but also in areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans (whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing immediately to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lost; for this reason, the European Union’s efforts toward economic growth should be altered to be more welfare-oriented and efforts to find means of securing the citizens’ basic livelihood should be made;

Amendment 60 #

Jean-Luc SCHAFFHAUSER

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. A legislative initiative on robotics and artificial intelligence should provide legal certainty, without stifling innovation, on the basis of data use and storage in the EU by European actors;

Amendment 61 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. points out that, whilst robotics and artificial intelligence promise real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy not only for production and trade but also in areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans (whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lost; believes in this regard that employee ownership and financial participation schemes for employees to co- own and invest in robots could play a role in ensuring employees have a financial interest in robots which may compete with them on the labour market in the future thus ensuring a second stream of income independent from their job;

Amendment 61 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. A legislative initiative on robotics and artificial intelligence should provide legal certainty without stifling innovation; comprehensive consultation of the relevant stakeholders is necessary in order to ensure that balance;

Amendment 62 #

Claude ROLIN

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. points out that, whilst robotics and artificial intelligence promise real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy not only for production and trade but also in areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans (whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lost; points out that this assumption may have negative repercussions not only on employment levels but also on the viability of social security systems, thus making it even more difficult to tackle poverty and social exclusion, which is a Union objective as defined in the Europe 2020 strategy;

Amendment 62 #

Tiziana BEGHIN, Laura AGEA, Dario TAMBURRANO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. A legislative initiative on robotics and artificial intelligence should provide legal certainty without stifling innovation; in this fast evolving technology field;

Amendment 63 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. points out that, whilst robotics and artificial intelligence promise real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy not only for production and trade but also in areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans (whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lost; insists on the importance of a change of paradigm with a view to shifting the focus from work to income, pursuing the objective of having a minimum income for citizens;

Amendment 63 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. A legislative initiative on robotics and artificial intelligence should provide legal certainty and guarantee privacy without stifling innovation;

Amendment 64 #

Romana TOMC

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. points out that, whilst robotics and artificial intelligence promise real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy not only for production and trade but also in areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans (whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lost; workers made redundant as a result of developments in robotics need to receive suitable retraining;

Amendment 64 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Brando BENIFEI, Emilian PAVEL, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6 a. Notes that robotics and AI are of an integrated-industry portfolio. Points out that Big Data analytics, sensors and innovative business models are re- designing framework for 4th Industrial Revolution;

Amendment 65 #

Deirdre CLUNE

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. notes that civil robotics provide opportunities for more resources in areas of employment where there is increasingly a funding and staffing shortfall such as in the caring sector, thus allowing staff to concentrate on providing social and emotional support;

Amendment 65 #

Lefteris CHRISTOFOROU

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6 a. The legislative initiative should differentiate between a "natural person" and a "legal entity" so that a constructed legal personality is not alien to law;

Amendment 66 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4 a. stresses that, due to the development of robotics and artificial intelligence, the differential between the creation and loss of jobs could represent a direct threat to the financial sustainability of social security schemes and unemployment insurance systems of the Member States;

Amendment 66 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7

7. Together with robotics engineers, industry, trade unions, the research community and society, the Commission should develop a code of ethical conduct aimed at guiding their activities;

Amendment 67 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4 a. stresses that the majority of benefits coming from automatisation and robotisation in employment should come not only from reducing labour costs but from raising productivity through fewer errors, higher output and improved quality, safety and speed;

Amendment 67 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7

7. Together with ~~robotics engineers~~civil society, engineers, and academia the Commission should develop a code of ethical conduct aimed at guiding ~~their~~robotics and artificial intelligence development activities;

Amendment 68 #

Henna VIRKKUNEN, Michał BONI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. calls on the Commission to present guidelines on the ethical and social principles set to accompany future regulations in the field of robotics, in particular with regard to the objective of defining forward-looking standards suitable for future technological developments;

Amendment 68 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7

7. Together with robotics engineers, end-users and other stakeholders the Commission should develop a code of ethical conduct aimed at guiding their activities;

Amendment 69 #

Georges BACH

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. points out that using robots and/or replacing workers with robots will have consequences for social security systems; points out that the consequences for pension systems may lead to poverty among the elderly in the long term;

Amendment 69 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)

7a. Considers that the Commission should open a debate on the transformative effects that the widespread use of robotics and AI systems is predicted to have on social protection systems, with the aim of establishing which innovations in European distribution and solidarity mechanisms will be needed to maintain – or even improve – our social protection standards, at all stages of people’s lives and regardless of their employment status;

Amendment 7 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. considers that there is an urgent need to examine whether the spread of robots brings welfare and progress per se if this happens in situations in which human labour is unnecessary within the traditional production and service structure – in other words, what conditions are needed in addition to financial security to ensure that people remain healthy (in terms of mental and physical wellbeing), happy and active;

Amendment 7 #

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

B a. whereas the development of robotics technology indicates human- robot interactions in terms of the relationship between humans and robots, in terms of the duration of these interactions and in terms of design issues affecting human interactive robots for psychological enrichment;

Amendment 70 #

Neoklis SYLIKIOTIS, Paloma LÓPEZ BERMEJO, Sofia SAKORAFA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. points out that the use of robotics may have effects on the sustainability of Member States’ social security systems;

Amendment 70 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)

7 a. Ensure that any future legal framework for robotics shall also develop consistent rules on liability in the field of penal law and war crimes, in order to avoid crimes without criminal accountability;

Amendment 71 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. points out that the amount of work which will be wholly or partially dependent on human intelligence is completely unknown;

Amendment 71 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Emilian PAVEL

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)

7a. Calls for particular attention to be paid to the ethical and internal market implications of production tests for new robotics technologies;

Amendment 72 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4 b. calls on the Commission and the Member States to explore the possibility of introducing a notification system prior to the establishment of robots and their relative participation to the companies turnover for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions;

Amendment 72 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 8

8. Recommendations regarding licences should respect contractual freedom and leave room for innovative licensing regimes..; cautions against the introduction of new intellectual property rights in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence that could hamper innovation and the exchange of expertise;

Amendment 73 #

Georges BACH

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4b. highlights the increasing use of smart, collaborative robots, for example in industrial production, hospitals and retirement homes; calls on the Commission and the Member States to identify potential occupational health and safety risks stemming from technological innovations and take appropriate measures to counter them;

Amendment 73 #

Michał BONI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 8 a (new)

8 a. Stresses that development of robotics and artificial intelligence will forever change the landscape of the workplace. That may create new liability concerns and eliminate others. Underlines that the legal responsibility need to be clarified from both business sight model, as well as the workers design pattern, in case emergency or problems occur;

Amendment 74 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4b. considers, therefore, that simply evoking civil legal personality for robots does not provide any framework to secure the place that we want them to have in the future;

Amendment 74 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Emilian PAVEL, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 8 a (new)

8 a. Measures to ensure that the growing use of robotics and artificial intelligence brings economic, social and environmental benefits, while tackling any negative consequences that arise;

Amendment 75 #

Renate WEBER

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4 b. highlights that a loss in employment in the medium and long term as a consequence of robotisation could also be associated with the risk of a loss in consumption capacity.

Amendment 75 #

Michał BONI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 8 b (new)

8 b. Notes that development of robotics technology will require more understanding for the common ground needed around joint human-robot activity, which should be based on two core interdependence relationships as predictability and directability. These two interdependence relationships are crucial for determining what information need to be shared between humans and robots and how a common basis between humans and robots can be achieved in order to enable smooth human-robot joint action;

Amendment 76 #

Georges BACH

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 c (new)

4c. points to so-called crowdworking; calls on the Commission to look into this new form of employment and to examine to what extent social security systems and applicable labour law will need to be adjusted to provide appropriate protection for crowdworkers;

Amendment 77 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 c (new)

4 c. invites all Member States, in the light of the possible effects of robotics and artificial intelligence on the labour market, to consider the introduction of a general basic income;

Amendment 78 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Emilian PAVEL, Brando BENIFEI, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 c (new)

4c. points out that human intelligence strictly speaking only concerns man and that it would be inappropriate, or even dangerous, to think that, despite the autonomy of certain robots, machines could be humanised;

Amendment 79 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 d (new)

4 d. calls on the European Commission to regularly consult and involve social partners when adapting the regulatory framework for robotics and the digital economy;

Amendment 8 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. there is a need to examine whether the spread of robots brings welfare and progress if this happens in situations in which human labour is unnecessary within the traditional production and service structure – in other words, what conditions are needed in addition to financial security to ensure that people remain healthy, happy and active; the Member States’ social models also need to be examined to ensure the citizens’ livelihood in the changing labour market during possible periods of unemployment;

Amendment 8 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Emilian PAVEL, Sergio GUTIÉRREZ PRIETO

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas the sale and production of robots rose significantly between 2010 and 2014, with an increase of almost 30% in 2014 alone, particularly in the electronics industry;

Amendment 80 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

Amendment 81 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. an a~~nswer must be found to the question of which areas might see restrictions or a ban on total automation in order to safeguard employment levels, taking into account demographic changes and sustainabi~~ssessment must be made of what the expected impact will be in areas where complete or partial automation will take place; further believes that this should not lead to reactionary policy but on the contrary calls for a politcy ~~and any unintended social consequences~~based on reflection and selectivity.

Amendment 82 #

Krzysztof HETMAN, Marek PLURA, Agnieszka KOZŁOWSKA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. ~~an answer must be found to the question of wh~~the European Union should contribute to an integrated strategy in the polichy areas ~~might see restrictions or a ban on total automation in order to safeguard employment levels, taking into account demographic changes and sustainability and any unintended social consequences~~of welfare, economic growth and technology in order to be at the forefront of global development.

Amendment 83 #

Heinz K. BECKER

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. an answer must be found to the question of which areas might see restrictions or a ban on total automation in order to safeguard employment levels, taking into account demographic changes and sustainability and any unintended social consequencesspecifically and precisely how, despite the increased automation of entire industries, new and sustainable social security systems can be created throughout Europe.

Amendment 84 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

Amendment 85 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. an answer must be found to the question of wh~~ich areas might se~~ether there are~~strictions or a ban on total automation in order to safeguard employment levels, taking into account demographic changes and sustainability and any~~ any areas in which total automation should be restricted in order to avoid unintended social consequences.

Amendment 86 #

Tiziana BEGHIN, Laura AGEA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. ~~an answer must be found to the question of which areas might see restrictions or a ban on total automation in order to safeguard employment levels, taking into account~~stresses that whilst it is impossible to hold back technological progress, we have the opportunity as well as the responsibility to shape its course in order to benefit people and the planet, taking into account employment and social policy in view of demographic changes and sustainability and any unintended social consequences.

Amendment 87 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. an answer must be found to the question of which areas might see restrictions ~~or a ban on total~~, also in the form of tax disincentives on automation, in order to safeguard employment levels, taking into account demographic changes and sustainability and any unintended social consequences.

Amendment 88 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. an answer must be found to the 5. question of which areas might see restrictions to~~r a ban on~~ total automation in order to guarantee safety and safeguard employment levels, taking into account demographic changes and sustainability and any unintended social consequences.

Amendment 89 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. ~~an answer must be found to the question~~firmly believes that, as a matter of urgency, an answer must be found to the question of whether, as the result of further developments in robotics and less expensive solutions, there will be jobs in which the ability for humans to work will be restricted by law due to the harmful and/or dangerous nature of the work vis- à-vis human health (as with rules currently applicable for pregnant women) or for other reasons (as with rules applicable for notaries), and of which areas might see restrictions or a ban on total automation in order to safeguard employment levels, taking into account demographic changes and sustainability and any unintended social consequences.

Amendment 9 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. points out that increased and global use of robots in the production of goods and in services results in higher productivity than can be achieved with little manpower; asks the Commission and the Council to assess regularly and in dialogue with social partners to what extent weekly, annual and life working hours can be reduced without loss of income in order to include more people in the production process and simultaneously increase individual and family quality of life;

Amendment 9 #

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

B a. whereas experts predict that robots will replace humans in one-third of today's traditional professions by 2025, altering economics and our approach to machine use as we know it,

Amendment 90 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. an answer must be found to the question of which areas might see restrictions or a ban on total automation in order to safeguard employment levels, taking into account demographic changes and sustainability and any unintended social consequences~~...~~; calls on the Member States and the Commission to study in great detail the near-future consequences of the increased use of robotic systems on labour and to provide a framework for this development with legislation designed to make technological transition as smooth as possible for employees;

Amendment 91 #

Deirdre CLUNE

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. There is a need to explore ways to ensure that the health and safety of workers is adequately protected when working with or alongside robotics and other forms of artificial intelligence.

Amendment 92 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a points out that robots are not only tools for work but are increasingly acting autonomously in the production of goods and services; calls for comprehensive protection systems and liability rules that ensure that damage caused by autonomous robots can be clarified in favour of the employees at all times;

Amendment 93 #

Guillaume BALAS, Jutta STEINRUCK, Brando BENIFEI, Emilian PAVEL, Marju LAURISTIN

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5a (new)

5a. calls on the EU and the Member States to encourage the initiation of a structured public dialogue on the consequences of developing those technologies as soon as possible; calls on the stakeholders involved in the research in the robotics and artificial intelligence sectors to develop a critical approach towards the objects of their research and to provide a constructive feed to the public dialogue;

Amendment 94 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5 a. stresses that any processing activity carried out by robotics and artificial intelligence systems must be in full compliance with Union data protection law and must embed privacy by design and privacy by default principles;

Amendment 95 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. it is necessary to anticipate the development of new business areas which could develop on the basis of the further development of robotics and artificial intelligence, and which would result in new jobs;

Amendment 96 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. points out that robotisation offers considerable opportunities to bring the manufacturing industry back to the Union and thereby create new employment opportunities, in particular for low-skilled workers.

Amendment 97 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5 a. considers that bans and restrictions on automatisation and robotisation are not feasible and should not be envisaged as they might have opposite, undesirable and unpredictable effects. believes on the other hand that given the pace of technological advance we should aim to legislate for robotics for the foreseeable future (short and medium term).; believes also, that legislation should be rather general and flexible, and open so as to accommodate changes in science and technology in order to be quickly updated and to mirror the reality on the ground.

Amendment 98 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 b (new)

5b. believes that the use of robots in production comes with major challenges for health and safety in the workplace; robotisation can, on the one hand, reduce the physical burden on workers, but can also result in higher mental strain given the increasing responsibility of the individual in more complex production processes; calls on the Commission and its agencies, in particular EU-OSHA, to examine the effects of digitalisation, robotics and artificial intelligence on mental strain and to make proposals for counter-measures; calls for employees to be given the opportunity play an active part in shaping their work environment at all times and for social partners and unions to be involved at all levels;

Amendment 99 #

5 b. points to scientific studies which have identified four major problems that arise when trying to legislate for the use of robots: - discretion, with regard to the platforms and manufacturers involved in the development and research of artificial intelligence, which might not always be visible to regulators; - diffuseness which arises when artificial intelligence systems are developed using teams of researchers that are organisationally, geographically and jurisdictionally separate; - discretion refers to the fact that artificial intelligence systems could entail many separate, distinct pre-existing hardware and software components. The effects of bringing all those components together may not be fully appreciated until after the fact. - opacity means that the way in which artificial intelligence systems work may be more opaque than previous technologies. This might constitute a problem for regulators as there is a lack of clarity concerning the problems that may be posed by such systems and how those problems can be addressed.

source: 587.657

2016/09/21 ENVI 121 amendments...

Amendment 1 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas ageing is the result of an increased life expectancy due to major progress in modern medicine, and is one of the greatest ~~social and economic challenge~~achievements of the 21st century for European societies; whereas by 2025 more than 20% of Europeans will be 65 or over, with a particularly rapid increase in numbers of over 80s;

Amendment 10 #

Draft opinion
Recital C

C. whereas cyber-physical systems (CPS) are technical systems of network computers, robots and artificial intelligence that interact with ~~the phys~~an integrated artificial ~~world~~environment and have numerous applications in the healthcare sector, and whereas it may be possible for some elements even to be implanted in the human body;

Amendment 100 #

Mireille D'ORNANO, Jean-François JALKH, Sylvie GODDYN

Draft opinion
Paragraph 16

16. Safety of medical robotic devices is a precondition for their introduction in the healthcare sector. The effectiveness and safety of care and medical robots should be assessed against special, very detailed, safety safeguards and standard certification procedures, with special attention given to their use by impaired users or in emergency situations; calls on the Commission to promote the adoption of very specific and detailed EU-wide standards;

Amendment 101 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 16

16. Safety of medical robotic devices is a precondition for their introduction in the healthcare sector. The effectiveness and safety of care and medical robots should be assessed against special safety safeguards and certification procedures, with special attention given to their use by impaired or elderly users or users in emergency situations;

Amendment 102 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 16

16. Safety of medical robotic devices is a precondition for their introduction in the healthcare sector. The effectiveness and safety of care and medical robots should be assessed against special safety safeguards and certification procedures, with special attention given to their use by impaired users or in emergency situations; particular attention should be paid to the security of CPS networks so as to remove any possibility of hacking into and stealing sensitive personal data;

Amendment 103 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 16 a (new)

16a. underlines that the safety of CPS systems implanted in the human body is a fundamental requirement, because any fault in them may be fatal, and in this context stresses the importance of providing information and of unambiguous regulation of issues of liability, including that of whose property these implanted CPS systems are, who has rights over them and who may change their implantation, strictly prohibiting any experimentation on people without their consent;

Amendment 104 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 16 a (new)

16a. calls on the Commission to put in place without delay systems for centralised premarket approval, traceability and post-market surveillance , that include correspondent publicly accessible databases; the criteria for approval should include the following: safe, effective and necessary technology, positive risks/ benefits balance for the patients, societal readiness to take the risks via sufficient available insurance coverage, clear identification of liability, non-discriminatory sharing of the benefits and the risks among society. "Pioneer" patients should not be used as representatives of all patients. Instead, estimation of users' actual wishes must be given priority before the implementation of CPS;

Amendment 105 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 16 a (new)

16a. stresses the need to equip each cybernetic machine used in medicine directly on human beings with an audio- video recording system (similar to black boxes in aircraft or ships), which may also be used to determine objective liability;

Amendment 106 #

Nicola CAPUTO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 16 a (new)

16a. stresses the importance, for safety purposes, of adequate training for medical or paramedical personnel who use, or advise on the use of, new robotic medical devices;

Amendment 107 #

Draft opinion
Subheading 6 a (new) and paragraph 16 a (new)

Ethics 16a. The use of care, assistance, and companionship robotics should proceed within a context emphasising human relationships. It should manifestly improve the patient’s quality of life and bring objective comfort. It must respect the dignity of the human person and the patient’s consent, however given. The patient should, in addition, be encouraged at all times to make use of and, if possible, develop his or her own cognitive faculties. The use of robotics should not exempt persons from assuming their professional, social, family, or moral responsibilities for those who are most vulnerable – children, elderly or dependent persons, or the sick;

Amendment 108 #

Mireille D'ORNANO, Jean-François JALKH, Sylvie GODDYN

Draft opinion
Paragraph 16 b (new)

16b. considers that CPS systems implanted in the human body must be regarded as an integral part of the human body, in the same way as human organs, and that the rules that apply to human organs must also be applied to them, bearing in mind also that switching off an implanted CPS system requires similarly strict regulation to euthanasia;

Amendment 109 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 17

17. Medical CPS and the use of a robot as an “electronic health record” raise questions concerning laws on patient privacy, medical professional secrecy, and data protection in the area of public health. UnNational and international data protection rules should be adapted to take into account the increasing complexity and interconnectivity of care and medical robots handling highly sensitive personal information and health data. The codes of conduct on medical professional secrecy should be reviewed concerning the health data stored on CPS systems that can be accessed by third parties; The necessary discussions should take place within the World Health Organisation, given the international nature of the issues at stake;

Amendment 11 #

Mireille D'ORNANO, Jean-François JALKH, Sylvie GODDYN

Draft opinion
Recital C

C. whereas cyber-physical systems (CPS) are technical systems of network computers, robots and artificial intelligence that interact with the physical world and already have numerous applications in the healthcare sector;

Amendment 110 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 17

17. Medical CPS and the use of a robot as an “electronic health record” raise questions concerning laws on patient privacy, medical professional secrecy, and data protection in the area of public health. Union data protection rules should be adapted to take into account the increasing complexity and interconnectivity of care and medical robots handling highly sensitive personal information and health data. The codes of conduct on medical professional secrecy should be ~~review~~enhanced concerning the health data stored on CPS systems that can be accessed by third parties;

Amendment 111 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 17

17. Medical CPS and the use of a robot as an “electronic health record” raise questions concerning laws on patient privacy, medical professional secrecy, and data protection in the area of public health. Union data protection rules should be adapted to take into account the increasing complexity and interconnectivity of care and medical robots possibly handling highly sensitive personal information and health data. The codes of conduct on medical professional secrecy should be reviewed concerning the health data stored on CPS systems that can be accessed by third parties;

Amendment 112 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 17

17. Medical CPS and the use of a robot as an “electronic health record” raise questions concerning laws on patient privacy, medical professional secrecy, and data protection in the area of public health. Union data protection rules should be adapted to take into account the increasing complexity and interconnectivity of care and medical robots handling highly sensitive personal information and health data; they should comply with the concept of privacy by design, as laid down in Regulation (EU) 2016/679 concerning privacy. The codes of conduct on medical professional secrecy should be reviewed concerning the health data stored on CPS systems that can be accessed by third parties;

Amendment 113 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 17 a (new)

17a. stresses the need for clear regulation of the right to use data on health and life style obtained using CPS systems implanted in the human body, because the sharing of such data may assist the further development of medicine, while on the other hand it may make the individual vulnerable so that the interests of society and the individual come into conflict, and therefore calls on the Commission, with due regard for the inalienable rights of human beings, to regulate the use and storage of information gathered using such devices, with particular reference to innovation and research;

Amendment 114 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 17 a (new)

17a. considers that the only possible owner of the data should be the patient and that by no means should it be allowed to sell data generated by robotics in the health sector;

Amendment 115 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 17 b (new)

17b. Insurance companies or any other service provider should not be allowed to use e-health data to introduce discriminations in the setting of prices, as this would contradict the fundamental right for access to the highest attainable standard of health;

Amendment 116 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 18

18. Research Ethics Committees (REC), which should include health practitioners working day-to-day as well as philosophers and religious representatives, should take into account the ethical questions raised by the development of medical robotic devices and CPS in many areas of healthcare and assistance to disabled and elderly people. Issues such as equality of access to robotic preventive health care, the privileged patient-doctor care relationship, and the susceptibility of patients with special needs such as children to developing an emotional attachment to robots should be given due consideration.

Amendment 117 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 18

18. Research Ethics Committees (REC) should take into account the ethical questions raised by the development of medical robotic devices and CPS in many areas of healthcare and assistance to disabled and elderly people. Issues such as equality of access to robotic preventive health care, the privileged patient-doctor care relationship, and the susceptibility, in particular, of patients with special needs ~~such as children~~(for example people with disabilities), but not only them (for example children, lonely people, etc.), to developing an emotional attachment to robots should be given due consideration.

Amendment 118 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 18 a (new)

18a. considers that it should be adopted as a principle that people who are integrated with CPS systems and people without such devices are equal, and in this context it is necessary to study such issues as what makes a human being human, what distinguishes human beings from robots, and in what ways they differ from roboticised people (or people integrated with CPS systems), and whether indeed they do so differ, and the rights of human robots (which for example are capable of learning and have emotions or knowledge).

Amendment 119 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 18 a (new)

18a. encourages the Research Ethical Committees and the Commission to start a reflection in order to develop a code of conduct for researchers/designers and users of medical CPS, that should be based on the principles enshrined in the Union’s Charter of Fundamental Rights (such as human dignity and human rights, equality, justice and equity, benefit and harm, dignity, non-discrimination and non-stigmatisation, autonomy and individual responsibility, informed consent, privacy and social responsibility as well as the rights of the elderly, the integration of persons with disabilities, the right to healthcare, and the right to consumer protection) and on existing ethical practices and codes.

Amendment 12 #

Draft opinion
Recital C a (new)

Ca. having regard to the nature of CPS and the need to achieve specific, more detailed standards that are the same throughout the European Union;

Amendment 120 #

Draft opinion
Subheading 8 a (new) and paragraph 18 a (new)

Liability 18a. Acknowledges that robotics can introduce a high level of uncertainty regarding responsibility and liability issues. Therefore is of opinion that an interim solution could be to consider the one(s) who find economic benefits in this business should be held liable by default in case of injuries due to a dysfunction of the robot and responsible for proper disposal of electric and electronic waste generated;

Amendment 121 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 18 b (new)

18b. Is of the opinion that the mere existence of these technologies should not be translated into a review minimising industrial risks to health, such as nuclear risk, with the argument that it would make possible to avoid exposing humans to dangerous conditions: the high dependency of these technologies on energy supply makes them extremely vulnerable and unreliable in an emergency situation such as a natural or industrial accident in energy supply, a terrorist attack or war.

Amendment 13 #

Draft opinion
Recital C a (new)

Ca. whereas the quantity of medical data that can be collected by 2020 is doubling every 73 days; whereas this means that the automatic learning techniques of cybernetic machines with artificial intelligence point to a trend which is moving decisively towards the exclusion of human beings from certain activities, which will be carried out increasingly often and increasingly better by machines and will involve ever fewer mistakes and adverse events;

Amendment 14 #

Mireille D'ORNANO, Jean-François JALKH, Sylvie GODDYN

Draft opinion
Recital C b (new)

Cb. whereas, in spite of this trend, which appears to be inevitable, the principle of the autonomy of cybernetic machines supervised by human beings must be determined as a basic precautionary rule;

Amendment 15 #

Draft opinion
Recital D

D. whereas such systems ~~will~~are provideing the foundation and the basis of emerging and future smart services, and will bring advances in personalised health care, emergency response and telemedicine;

Amendment 16 #

Draft opinion
Recital D

D. whereas such systems will provide the foundation and the basis of emerging and future smart services, and ~~will~~should bring advances in personalised health care, emergency response and telemedicine;

Amendment 17 #

Draft opinion
Recital D

D. whereas such systems will provide the foundation and the basis of emerging and future smart services, and will bring advances in personalised health care, emergency response and telemedicine, and whereas their application raises far- reaching issues of ethics, human rights and social philosophy, particularly with regard to self-determination and integrity of the person;

Amendment 18 #

Draft opinion
Recital D a (new)

Da. whereas personal freedom is a cardinal value of European civilisation, whereas the promise to be had from robotisation might lead to a new form of alienation if humankind, having chosen to regard technology as sacred, failed to control its development, whereas the Nietzschean overman (‘Übermensch’), a transhumanist project, is the last surviving utopia, whereas Europeans, however, must make it clear that everything which is technically possible is not always morally acceptable;

Amendment 19 #

Draft opinion
Recital D a (new)

Da. whereas under no circumstances should the use of robotic or high- technology diagnostic or treatment instruments result in increased liability for the doctors or healthcare personnel who are required to use them; whereas it is therefore considered advisable to increase the liability of the healthcare facilities or manufacturers involved;

Amendment 2 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas ageing is the result of an unprecedented shortfall in births and increased life expectancy due to progress in living conditions and in modern medicine, and is one of the greatest political, social, and economic challenges of the 21st century for European societies; whereas by 2025 more than 20% of Europeans will be 65 or over, with a particularly rapid increase in numbers of over-80s;

Amendment 20 #

Draft opinion
Recital D a (new)

Da. whereas, moreover, the use of tools such as self-diagnosis does not take account of human ethical, moral and professional responsibilities, in addition to civil and criminal liability, in the medical sector;

Amendment 21 #

Draft opinion
Recital D a (new)

Da. whereas the economic and societal potential of such systems is vastly greater than what has been realized, and major investments are being made worldwide to develop the technology;

Amendment 22 #

Draft opinion
Recital D a (new)

Da. whereas the widespread and increasingly frequent use of robotics and AI has unmistakably provoked a variety of reactions and objections;

Amendment 23 #

Draft opinion
Recital D b (new)

Db. whereas the use of such technology should not diminish or harm the doctor-patient relationship, but should provide doctors with assistance in diagnosing and/or treating patients;

Amendment 24 #

Draft opinion
Recital D b (new)

Db. whereas it does not invariably follow that everything which is technically feasible is morally acceptable;

Amendment 25 #

Mireille D'ORNANO, Jean-François JALKH, Sylvie GODDYN

Draft opinion
Recital D b (new)

Db. whereas these systems raise many high expectations and have much potential, the effects of newly introduced technologies will never be completely predicted and can only be successfully integrated if society can adjust to a new way of interacting with technology;

Amendment 26 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. acknowledges that the adoption of new technologies in the field of healthcare is likely to bring major benefits in terms of the quality of patient care and effectiveness of treatment, leading to increased ~~quality of life and~~healthy life expectancy;

Amendment 27 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. acknowledges that the adoption of new technologies in the field of healthcare is ~~likely~~expected to bring major benefits in terms of patient care and effectiveness of treatment, leading to increased quality of life and life expectancy;

Amendment 28 #

Mireille D'ORNANO, Jean-François JALKH, Sylvie GODDYN

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. acknowledges that the adoption of new technologies in the field of healthcare, assuming that the emphasis is laid at all times on the doctor-patient relationship and free will, is likely to bring major benefits in terms of patient care and effectiveness of treatment, leading to increased quality of life and life expectancy;

Amendment 29 #

Merja KYLLÖNEN

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. acknowledges that the adoption of new technologies in the field of healthcare is likely to bring major benefits in terms of patient care and effectiveness of treatment i.e. by minimizing the risks of medication errors, such as miscalculation of drug dosage, leading to increased quality of life and life expectancy;

Amendment 3 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas ageing is the result of an increased life expectancy due to progress in modern medicine, and, like the aspiration of growing old in good health, is one of the greatest social and economic challenges of the 21st century for European societies; whereas by 2025 more than 20% of Europeans will be 65 or over, with a particularly rapid increase in numbers of over-80s;

Amendment 30 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. acknowledges that the adoption of new technologies in the field of healthcare is likely to bring major benefits in terms of patient care and effectiveness and precision of treatment, leading to increased quality of life and life expectancy, which, however, may yet further accentuate the challenges presented to societies by aging, while at the same time they may moderate the degree of dependence;

Amendment 31 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. considers that although robotics can bring societal benefits, they can at the same time dramatically change the ways people interact with each other and therefore have a real impact on current societal structures; therefore, underlines the urgent need for extensive and informed public debate around this new technological revolution;

Amendment 32 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. considers that the internal market and European industry would benefit from the rapid introduction of a uniform legal and regulatory framework for robotics, so as to endow Member States with modern and effective common standards ahead of further technological and social developments;

Amendment 33 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)

1b. considers it essential for the European Union to indicate a regulatory framework based on ethical principles in line with the complexity of robotics and its many social, medical and bioethical implications;

Amendment 34 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

Amendment 35 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. underlines that innovation providing better diagnoses and better insights into treatment, care and rehabilitation options may leads to more accurate and rapid medical decisions, quicker recovery times, and could therefore alleviate shortages of healthcare and rehabilitation professionals in care and rehabilitation processes;

Amendment 36 #

Jasenko SELIMOVIC, Fredrick FEDERLEY

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. underlines that innovation providing better diagnoses and better insights into treatment, care and rehabilitation options leads to more accurate medical decisions, quicker recovery times, and, provided that human presence and contact were not reduced, could therefore alleviate shortages of healthcare professionals in care and rehabilitation processes; urges that steps be taken to forestall the effects of robotisation in terms of staff cuts and reduction in the fund of experience embodied in medical and paramedical personnel;

Amendment 37 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. stresses that the increase in demand in CPS units has the potential to create a large number of high-skilled jobs in Europe;

Amendment 38 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. considers it useful for robots to be present to support the work of doctors or healthcare assistants, in order to improve the human experience of diagnosis and treatment, without, however, disregarding the need to ensure that medical practice and patient care practices are not dehumanised;

Amendment 39 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. notes that CPS – whether without contact with the human body or else worn on the human body or implanted in it – are able to change the life of people suffering from a disability, as smart technologies can be used for prevention, assistance, monitoring and ~~companionship~~to provide a social, interactive (natural or artificial) environment;

Amendment 4 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas ageing is the result of an increased life expectancy due to progress in modern medicine, and is one of the greatest social and economic challenges of the 21st century for European societies; whereas by 2025 more than 20% of Europeans will be 65 or over, with a particularly rapid increase in numbers of over 80s, which will lead to a fundamentally different balance between generations within our societies;

Amendment 40 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. notes that CPS are able to change the life of people suffering from a disability, as smart technologies can be used for prevention, assistance, ~~monitoring and companionship~~etc.;

Amendment 41 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. notes that CPS are able to change the life of people suffering from a disability, as smart technologies can be used ~~for prevention, assistance~~, without altering the indispensable need for human contact, for prevention, assistance, including independent living aids, monitoring and companionship;

Amendment 42 #

Jasenko SELIMOVIC, Fredrick FEDERLEY

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. notes that CPS are able to change the life of people suffering from a disability for the better, as smart technologies can be used for prevention, assistance, monitoring and companionship;

Amendment 43 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. notes that CPS are likely to have a profound impact on the healthcare sector, with the potential to lower the overall costs of healthcare by enabling medical professionals to shift their focus from treatment to prevention;

Amendment 44 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that elder care robot research and development has grown more mainstream and cheaper, producing products with greater functionality and broader consumer acceptance; notes the wide range of applications of such technologies providing prevention, assistance~~, monitoring and companionship~~ and other services to elderly people, ands well as people suffering from dementia;

Amendment 45 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that elder care robot research and development has, in time, grown more mainstream and cheaper, producing products with greater functionality and broader consumer acceptance; notes the wide range of applications of such technologies providing prevention, assistance, monitoring and companionship to elderly people and people suffering from dementia;

Amendment 46 #

Jasenko SELIMOVIC, Fredrick FEDERLEY

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that elder care robot research and development has grown more mainstream and cheaper, producing products with greater functionality and broader consumer acceptance; notes the wide range of applications of such technologies providing prevention, assistance, monitoring, stimulation, and companionship to elderly people and people suffering from dementia, cognitive disorders, or memory loss; maintains that ‘companion’ robots are purely therapeutic by nature and should not be used for any other purpose;

Amendment 47 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. stresses that although CPS has the potential to enhance the mobility and sociability of people with disabilities and elderly people, human caregivers will still be needed and provide an important source of social interaction for them; notes that CPS technologies or robots can only augment human care and make the rehabilitation process more targeted, so that medical staff and caregivers can allocate more time for diagnosis and better treatment options;

Amendment 48 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. stresses that although CPS has the potential to enhance the mobility and sociability of people with disabilities and elderly people, human caregivers will still be needed and provide an important source of social interaction for them~~; notes that~~, as well as monitoring the artificial infrastructure; is convinced that it is essential for the use of CPS technologies orand robots ~~can on~~to be unambiguously regulated so that those technologies genuinely augment human care and make the rehabilitation process more targeted, so that medical staff and caregivers can allocate more time for diagnosis and better treatment options;

Amendment 49 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. stresses that although CPS has the potential to enhance the mobility and sociability of people with disabilities and elderly people, human caregivers will still be needed and provide an i~~mportant~~rreplaceable source of social interaction for them; notes that CPS technologies or robots can only augment human care and make the rehabilitation process more targeted, so that medical staff and caregivers can allocate more time for diagnosis and better treatment options; calls for any debate or change to the law to be placed clearly within the World Health Organisation (WHO) framework;

Amendment 5 #

Mireille D'ORNANO, Jean-François JALKH, Sylvie GODDYN

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. whereas ageing is the result of an increased life expectancy due to progress in modern medicine, and is one of the greatest social and economic challenges of the 21st century for European societies; whereas by 2025 more than 20% of Europeans will be 65 or over, with a particularly rapid increase in numbers of over 80s, and whereas it is in the interest of society and families that older people should remain healthy and active for as long as possible;

Amendment 50 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. stresses that although CPS has the potential to enhance the mobility and sociability of people with disabilities and elderly people, human caregivers will still be needed and provide an important source of social interaction for them; notes that CPS technologies or robots can only ~~aug~~complement human care and make the rehabilitation process more targeted, so that medical staff and caregivers can allocate more time for diagnosis and better treatment options;

Amendment 51 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. stresses that although CPS has the potential to enhance the mobility and sociability of people with disabilities and elderly people, human caregivers will still be needed and provide an important source of social interaction for them that is not totally replaceable; notes that CPS technologies or robots can only considerably augment human care and make the rehabilitation process more targeted, so that medical staff and caregivers can allocate more time for diagnosis and better treatment options;

Amendment 52 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

Amendment 53 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. notes that early forms of robots and smart CPS devices are already used in healthcare, such as e-Health devices and surgical robots and that in the near future this technology will continue to develop, having the potential on the one hand to also reduce healthcare costs in the field concerned, while on the other hand, as CPS systems are capable of storing in their memories every instruction and observation they register during an operation or other medical intervention, these data may serve as evidence in the event of an error by the CPS and/or the doctor and may constitute a basis for compensation cases;

Amendment 54 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. notes that early forms of robots and smart CPS devices are already used in healthcare, such as e-Health devices and surgical robots and that in the near future this technology will continue to develop, having the potential to also reduce healthcare costs, making more budget available for better adjustment to the diversity of patients’ needs, continuous training of the healthcare professionals and research;

Amendment 55 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. underlines that the increased use of CPS could result in a healthier society as procedures become less invasive, leading to quicker recovery times, and reducing health-care absenteeism;

Amendment 56 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. notes that medical robotic devices continue to evolve and will likely become more frequently utilized in surgical procedures, moving forward the boundaries of medicine;

Amendment 57 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7

7. acknowledges that surgical robots have been envisaged to extend the capabilities of human surgeons beyond the limits of conventional laparoscopy, and that the development of surgical robots is rooted in the desire to overcome such limitations and to expand the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, fine movements and accuracy;deleted

Amendment 58 #

Sylvie GODDYN, Mireille D'ORNANO, Jean-François JALKH

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7

Amendment 59 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)

7a. maintains that Member States have to retain full sovereignty for the purposes of authorising or prohibiting the use of medical robots, especially in the field of reproductive health; warns, given the need to protect humankind, against the likely temptation to use robots for ex utero pregnancies or ectogenesis;

Amendment 6 #

Draft opinion
Recital A a (new)

Aa. whereas the sale and production of robots rose significantly between 2010 and 2014, with an increase of almost 30% in 2014 alone, particularly in the health and care sector;

Amendment 60 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 8

8. underlines that CPS allow for telesurgery, with numerous advantages such as increased precision of hand motion, removing tremor from hand motion, magnified view, ~~improved dexterity and remote surgery~~which they can analyse and assess immediately, improved dexterity and remote surgery, while it must be a fundamental requirement for doctors to acquire skills and accreditation for the performance of interventions with individual CPS devices;

Amendment 61 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 9

Amendment 62 #

Mireille D'ORNANO, Jean-François JALKH, Sylvie GODDYN

Draft opinion
Paragraph 9

9. notes that recent years have seen significant changes in the medical education and training sector; further notes that, as medical care has become increasingly complex, the climate in academic health centres provides an opportunity to rethink the way medical education and lifelong learning is delivered, while preserving the core competence of doctors to retain their expertise and authority over robots; calls on the Member States to promote training and specialisation courses to encourage the free movement of surgeons who intend to use robots to carry out their operations; calls on the Commission, therefore, to promote high training standards at EU level for surgeons who are planning to use robotic technologies;

Amendment 63 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 9

9. notes that recent years have seen significant changes in the medical education and training sector; further notes that, as medical care has become increasingly complex, the climate in academic health centres provides an opportunity to rethink the way medical education and lifelong learning isare delivered, while preserving the core competence of doctors to retain their expertise and authority over robots; draws attention to the considerable risk that medical and paramedical professionals who use robots might to some extent be deprived of experience of conventional procedures;

Amendment 64 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 a (new)

9a. calls on the Commission and the Member States to strengthen the financial instruments for research projects in robotics for the social and health emergency;

Amendment 65 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 b (new)

9b. considers it vital to respect the principle of the supervised autonomy of robots, whereby the initial planning of treatment and the final decision regarding its execution will always remain the decision of the human surgeon;

Amendment 66 #

Draft opinion
Subheading 3

Clinical ~~trial~~evaluation and clinical investigations

Amendment 67 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 10

10. stresses that medical CPS should meet the high standards set for medical equipment, through effective verification and certification procedures which allow assessment of the safety and effectiveness of the proposed technology, even at the design stage;deleted

Amendment 68 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 10

10. stresses that medical CPS should meet the high standards set for medical equipment, through effective verification and certification procedures which allow assessment by adequately trained staff of the safety and effectiveness of the proposed technology, even at the design stage;

Amendment 69 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 10 a (new)

10a. stresses the importance of distinguishing surgical robots from prostheses and exoskeletons from robot companions whose function is to assist persons with disabilities or those who are temporarily incapacitated; stresses the importance of subjecting both species to checks to be carried out in accordance with standards that are as precise and detailed as possible and are monitored by a specific European authority;

Amendment 7 #

Draft opinion
Recital A a (new)

Aa. whereas in an ageing society the prevalence and incident rate of disabilities, chronic diseases, the risk of stroke, brain injuries and diminished abilities is increasing;

Amendment 70 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 11

~~11. calls on the Commission to consider adapting the existing trial procedures designed for testing medicines to the purpose of testing new medical robotic devices;~~deleted

Amendment 71 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 11

~~11. calls on the Commission to consider adapting the existing trial procedures designed for testing medicines to the purpose of testing new medical robotic devices;~~deleted

Amendment 72 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 11

11. calls on the Commission to consider adapting the existing trial procedures designed for testing medicines to the purpose of testing new medical robotic devices while ensuring that those procedures are safe;

Amendment 73 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 11

11. calls on the Commission to consider adapting the existing trial procedures designed for testing medicines to the purpose of testing new medical robotic devices in order to safeguard the overarching interests of the patients, notably through enhancing prior informed consent and insurances schemes as there must be full transparency for patients to their own data and full transparency to the public on failed and successful trials; further notes that the responsibility of failed trials and CPS must be clear to patients and the public;

Amendment 74 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 11

11. calls on the Commission to consider adapting the existing trial procedures designed for testing medicines to the purpose of testing new medical robotic devices, particularly in the case of devices that are implanted in the human body;

Amendment 75 #

Draft opinion
Subheading 3 a (new ) and paragraph 11 a (new)

European Robotics Authority: adaptation of legislation, control, safety, standardisation 11a. recommends the establishment of an independent European authority with expertise in robotics, which will be responsible for oversight in the sector, with the aim of adapting EU legislation to progressive rapid technological developments, by preventing structural delays and governing, also from a social point of view (in terms of Responsible Research and Innovation), the development of a market and a European robotics industry in accordance with uniform criteria throughout the Union;

Amendment 76 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 11 a (new)

11a. welcomes the political agreement on the new medical devices regulation which will improve the safety and quality of medical devices, including robots and CPS, by strengthening the scrutiny of products before they are placed on the market and tightening the surveillance once they are available;

Amendment 77 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 12

12. ~~points out~~emphasises that while the development of technology is increasing exponentially, our social systems cannot respond as quickly, and healthcare systems have an even slower response; stresses that these discoveries have a significant impact on civilisation as we know it, and that it is therefore imperative to assess the moral and ethical implications of new technologies ~~in the early phase of~~before and throughout their development;

Amendment 78 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 12

12. points out that while the development of technology is increasing exponentially, our social systems cannot respond as quickly, and healthcare systems have an even slower response; stresses that these discoveries have a significant impact on civilisation as we know it , and that it is therefore imperative to apply the precautionary principle and assess the ~~moral and~~long term ethical implications of new technologies in the early phase of their development;

Amendment 79 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 12

12. points out that while the development of technology is increasing exponentially, our social systems cannot respond as quickly, and healthcare systems have an even slower response; stresses that these discoveries have a significant impact on civilisation as we know it, and that it is therefore imperative ~~to assess~~for technological advances to go hand in hand with assessments of the moral and ethical implications of new technologies in the early phase of their development;

Amendment 8 #

Draft opinion
Recital B

B. whereas societies and health systems will need to ~~adapt to~~keep pace with the ageing process and elderly healthcare requirements, so they can provide adequate care and remtain ~~financially sustainable~~the necessary degree of financial stability;

Amendment 80 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 12 a (new)

12a. observes that CPS systems (supplemented by gene surgery) will be usable not only to cure sick people but also to improve the capacities of people who, according to our current conceptions, are healthy and will thus bring into existence special people with capacities that are not yet known, and that CPS systems may even become an integral part of the human body, transforming our conceptions of the human body and health, which may have a major impact on human society as a whole, for which reason care must be taken to ensure that those people who do not have access to such advanced technologies or do not wish to use them do not suffer discrimination in comparison with people who are integrated with CPS systems, avoiding any reduction in their social mobility and the possibility that (for example in education or on the labour market) they may be placed at a competitive disadvantage in comparison with people whose capacities have been enhanced;

Amendment 81 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 12 a (new)

12a. stresses the importance, as regards ethical standards, of ensuring that robotic products respect the fundamental rights of individuals and society, which should be protected at EU level, by providing for any necessary technical measures which ensure such respect as from the design stage, in accordance with the so-called privacy by design approach;

Amendment 82 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 12 b (new)

12b. draws attention to the risks associated with the possibility that CPS systems integrated into the human body may be hacked or switched off or have their memories wiped, because this could endanger human health, and in extreme cases even human life, and stresses therefore the priority that must be attached to protecting such systems;

Amendment 83 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 12 c (new)

12c. considers that it should be adopted as a principle that nobody may be discriminated against because a CPS system or other auxiliary technology constitutes an integral part of their body or because smart technology has been implanted in the human body for purposes of medical treatment, to compensate for some disability or to improve the capacities of the human body; considers that in this context it is necessary to establish, for example, for how long a person remains a human being and at what point they become a robot, which may result in robots being assigned human rights;

Amendment 84 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 13

13. acknowledges the vulnerability of patients with special needs, including children, elderly and people suffering from disabilities~~, who may develop an emotional connection with CPS and robots, and underlines the ethical considerations posed by their possible attachment~~; encourages the Commission to start a reflection on how to ensure that CPS will not negatively impact the autonomy and independence of vulnerable persons;

Amendment 85 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 13

13. acknowledges the vulnerability of patients with special needs, including children, elderly and people suffering from disabilities, ~~who~~and stresses that any user may develop an emotional connection with CPS and robots, ~~and underlines the ethical considerations posed by their possible attachment~~particularly if the latter are capable of learning independently from their environment and expressing appropriate emotional reactions to human emotions, and underlines the ethical considerations posed by their possible attachment, for example the emotional or physical impact on people of the switching-off of a robot or the wiping of its memory;

Amendment 86 #

Mireille D'ORNANO, Jean-François JALKH, Sylvie GODDYN

Draft opinion
Paragraph 13

13. acknowledges the vulnerability of patients with special needs, including children, the elderly and people suffering from disabilities, who may develop an emotional connection with CPS and robots, in particular humanoid or animal-like robots, and underlines the ethical considerations posed by their possible attachment to such figments of the imagination;

Amendment 87 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 13

13. acknowledges the vulnerability of patients with special needs, including children, the elderly and people suffering from disabilities, who may develop an emotional connection with CPS and robots, and underlines the ethical considerations posed by their possible attachment, which imply an imperative need to maintain sufficient human contact at all times;

Amendment 88 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 13

13. acknowledges the vulnerability of patients with special needs, including children, elderly and people suffering from disabilities, who may develop an emotional connection with CPS and robots, and underlines the ethical considerations posed by their possible attachment; suggests that the Commission supplement existing legislation with a legislative proposal that makes it compulsory for manufacturers, at the design stage, to adapt to criteria that prevent the feelings of patients or users, especially if they are sick, children, or persons with disabilities, from being manipulated, so that inappropriate emotional bonds are not created, or to prevent humans from being deceived into thinking that the machine is sentient and has feelings that it does not actually possess;

Amendment 89 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 13 a (new)

13a. calls on the Commission and on the Member States to promote the development of assistive technologies, also through liability schemes that are different from those currently applicable, in order to facilitate the development and adoption of these technologies by those who need them, in accordance with Article 4 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, to which the Union is party;

Amendment 9 #

Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas the development of robotics could result in greater efficiency and savings for the internal market, particularly in the health and care sectors, while reducing human exposure to harmful and hazardous conditions;

Amendment 90 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 14

14. highlights the importance of preserving the patient-doctor care relationship, in particular as regards ~~communication of the medical diagnosis and treatment~~medical diagnosis using data gathered by means of diagnostic CPS systems worn on or implanted in the body and communication of the treatment thus revealed to be necessary, avoiding the adverse consequences of faulty self- diagnosis;

Amendment 91 #

Draft opinion
Subheading 4 a (new) and paragraph 14 a (new)

Human enhancement: ethical profiles and regulations 14a. Notes that the adoption of CPS raises the issue of human enhancement, which is defined as the enhancement of existing natural human skills or the conferral of new skills, allowing individuals to overcome disability; in this regard, considers it necessary to address the issues raised by this phenomenon in order to ensure equal access to this new technology;

Amendment 92 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 15

15. acknowledges the need to minimise the ~~possible environmental or~~ ecological footprint of robotics, as the use of CPS and robots is expected to increase overall energy consumption~~; emphasises the need to~~ and amount of electric and electronic waste; emphasises the need to apply the principles of regenerative design, increase energy efficiency by promoting the use of renewable technologies for robotics, use and reuse of secondary raw materials, and to reduce waste;

Amendment 93 #

Sylvie GODDYN, Jean-François JALKH, Mireille D'ORNANO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 15

15. acknowledges the need to minimise the possible environmental or ecological footprint of robotics~~, as the use of CPS and robots is expected to increase overall energy consumption~~; emphasises the need to increase energy efficiency by promoting the use of renewable technologies for robotics and to reduce waste; stresses the importance of a European framework for remotely piloted systems that are used in the sea and below the sea's surface to protect the safety of EU citizens and of the environment, and calls on the Commission to supplement and update EU regulations concerning such matters;

Amendment 94 #

Daciana Octavia SÂRBU

Draft opinion
Paragraph 15

15. acknowledges the need to minimise the possible environmental or ecological footprint of robotics, as the use of CPS and robots is expected to increase overall energy consumption; emphasises the need to increase energy efficiency by promoting the use of renewable technologies for robotics and to reduce waste, and to maximise the potential for robotics to make processes more resource efficient;

Amendment 95 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 15

15. acknowledges the need to minimise the possible environmental or ecological footprint of robotics, as the use of CPS and robots is expected to increase overall energy consumption; emphasises the need to increase energy efficiency by promoting the use of renewable technologies for robotics and to reduce waste; considers that Asimov’s First Law should be broadened to encompass the environment so as to ensure that no robot could injure a human being or damage the environment or, by inaction, allow a human being or the environment to come to harm;

Amendment 96 #

Merja KYLLÖNEN

Draft opinion
Paragraph 15 a (new)

15a. emphasises that the full lifecycle approach from production and consumption to waste management and the market for secondary raw materials should be included in the designing process of new CPS and robots and therefore calls on the Commission to incorporate the principles of circular economy in to any Union policy on robotics to ensure that all materials, some of which are among most critical, are used in the most efficient and sustainable way; (To be inserted before the subheading ‘Safety’)

Amendment 97 #

Jasenko SELIMOVIC, Fredrick FEDERLEY, Ulrike MÜLLER

Draft opinion
Paragraph 15 a (new)

15a. notes also that the use of CPS will have a positive impact on the environment, especially in the fields of agriculture and food supply, notably through the reduced size of machinery and the reduced use of fertilizers, energy and water, as well as through precision farming; (To be inserted before the subheading ‘Safety’)

Amendment 98 #

Jasenko SELIMOVIC, Fredrick FEDERLEY, Ulrike MÜLLER

Draft opinion
Paragraph 15 a (new)

15a. emphasises that all negative externalities should be taken into account in the price setting; (To be inserted before the subheading ‘Safety’)

Amendment 99 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 15 b (new)

15b. stresses that CPS will lead to the creation of energy and infrastructure systems that are able to control the flow of electricity from producer to consumer, as well as will result in the creation of energy ´prosumers´, who both produce and consume energy; thus allowing for major environmental benefits; (To be inserted before the subheading ‘Safety’)

source: 589.261

2016/10/07 TRAN 93 amendments...

Amendment 1 #

Draft opinion
Citation 1 a (new)

- whereas the Commission recently established the High Level Group GEAR 2030 tasked with producing a roadmap for the proper deployment of autonomous vehicles;

Amendment 10 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. takes view that the impact of automated vehicles on enhancing transport safety might potentially be a major one, since human errors are currently responsible for about 90% of road accidents; notes however that it will be impossible for automated vehicles to eliminate all accidents, which raises questions of civil responsibility for car accidents, including material damage and physical harm;

Amendment 11 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. tTakes the view that the impact of automated vehicles on enhancing transport safety might potentially be a major one, since human errors are currently responsible for about 90 % of road accidents; notes however that it will be impossible for automated vehicles to eliminate all accidents, ~~which raises~~and that answers must therefore be found as soon as possible to questions of responsibility for car accidents;

Amendment 12 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. takes view that the impact of automated vehicles on enhancing transport safety might potentially be a major one, since human errors are currently responsible for about 90% of road accidents; notes however that it will be impossible for automated vehicles to eliminate all accidents, which raises questions of responsibility as well as ethical questions for car accidents;

Amendment 13 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. takes the view that the impact of automated ~~vehicles~~means of transport on enhancing transport safety might potentially be a major one, since human errors are currently responsible for about 90% of road accidents; notes, however, that it will be impossible for automated ~~vehicles~~means of transport to eliminate all accidents, which raises questions of responsibility for car accidents;

Amendment 14 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. tTakes view that the impact of auto~~mated~~nomous vehicles on enhancing transport safety might potentially be a major one, since human errors are currently responsible for about 90% of road accidents; notes however that it will be impossible for auto~~mated~~nomous vehicles to eliminate all accidents, which raises in particular questions of the responsibility ~~for car~~of the parties concerned and compensation for the victims in the event of accidents;

Amendment 15 #

Matthijs van MILTENBURG, Pavel TELIČKA, Jozo RADOŠ, Gesine MEISSNER, Izaskun BILBAO BARANDICA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. Recalls that the autonomous transport systems have long existed in the public transport sector (metro systems) and have proved their reliability and their high level of public acceptance;

Amendment 16 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. welcomes the numerous developments concerning robotics in all modes of transport, such as self-driving cars, ships and drones;

Amendment 17 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. Calls on the Commission to take note of the ongoing development of automation in rail, air and waterborne transport;

Amendment 18 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. takes the view that the emergence and increasing popularity of unmanned aircraft technology creates new challenges for protection and civil responsibility, including areas of material damage and protection of private data, and urges the Commission to deliver an assessment on of the safety and environmental issues related to the massive use of drones;

Amendment 19 #

Matthijs van MILTENBURG, Pavel TELIČKA, Jozo RADOŠ, Gesine MEISSNER, Izaskun BILBAO BARANDICA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. takes the view that the switch to automated vehicles, besides its positive impact on road safety, fuel consumption, the environment and the creation of new employment opportunities in the telecommunication and automotive sectors, might also lead to job losses in the transport sector as well as have consequences on the insurance sector;

Amendment 2 #

Draft opinion
Citation 1 a (new)

- having regard to the Declaration of Amsterdam of the Council, of 14-15 April 2016, on Cooperation in the field of connected and automated driving,

Amendment 20 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. Draws attention to the fact that driver reaction time in case of an unplanned takeover of control of the vehicle is of vital importance and calls, therefore, on the stakeholders to provide for realistic values determining safety and liability issues;

Amendment 21 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. Emphasises the particular importance of the Committee on Legal Affairs' draft report on the transport sector, given technological progress and in view of the fact that semi-automatic vehicles are already available on the market and fully automatic vehicles will soon also be available;

Amendment 22 #

Matthijs van MILTENBURG, Pavel TELIČKA, Jozo RADOŠ, Gesine MEISSNER, Izaskun BILBAO BARANDICA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. emphasises that future development in all transportation modes, including vehicles, drones, vessels and logistics, will involve automated systems,; stresses that both technological and legal issues linked to this development need to be addressed;

Amendment 23 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)

1a. stresses the importance of supporting further innovation in robotics, such as connected and automated vehicles and drones, to strengthen the global market position of Union industry;

Amendment 24 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. notes that automated vehicles can play an important role in developing sustainable transport (for example, through the potential for making savings in emissions) and calls on the Commission and Member States to pay attention to upcoming technical progress; stresses the importance of increasing energy efficiency by encouraging the use of powertrains using renewable fuels in automated vehicles; notes that automated vehicles could help increase road capacity and reduce traffic congestion due to the shorter safety distances needed between vehicles and the ability to better manage traffic flows, which would result in greater energy and environmental efficiency;

Amendment 25 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Daniela AIUTO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

Amendment 26 #

Matthijs van MILTENBURG, Pavel TELIČKA, Jozo RADOŠ, Gesine MEISSNER, Izaskun BILBAO BARANDICA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. notes that automated vehicles can play an important role in developing sustainable transport (for example, through the potential for making savings in emissions) ~~and~~; notes in addition that the high degree of flexibility offered by these vehicles could lead to further benefits; calls on the Commission and Member States to pay attention to upcoming technical progress;

Amendment 27 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. notes that automated vehicles, vessels and aircraft systems can play an important role in developing sustainable transport (for example, through the potential for making savings in emissions) and calls on the Commission and Member States to ~~pay attention to upcoming technical progress~~fully and timely reflect technical progress and promote innovation;

Amendment 28 #

Merja KYLLÖNEN, Kateřina KONEČNÁ, Stelios KOULOGLOU

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. notes that ~~automated vehicles can play an important role in developing sustainable transport (for example, through the potential for making savings in emissions) and calls~~the impact of automation on the safety and sustainability of the transport system is partly unpredictable; calls therefore on the Commission and Member States to ~~pay attention to~~monitor the upcoming technical progress closely and evaluate its environmental and safety impacts carefully;

Amendment 29 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. nNotes that automated vehicles can play an important role in developing sustainable transport (for example, through the potential for making savings in emissions) and calls on the Commission and Member States to pay attention to and give support to upcoming technical progress;

Amendment 3 #

Draft opinion
Citation 1 b (new)

- whereas a distinction should be drawn between automated vehicles (incorporating devices allowing the automatic execution of some driving operations) and autonomous vehicles (which perform all such operations). In the former case, driving must still be continuously monitored by the driver and remains entirely her responsibility. In the latter case, driving no longer requires continuous monitoring or any intervention by the user. In the former case the civil liability regime remains unchanged compared to that with conventional vehicles, while it needs to be adjusted in the latter case;

Amendment 30 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. notes that automated ~~vehicles~~means of transport can play an important role in developing sustainable transport (for example, through the potential for making savings in emissions) and calls on the Commission and Member States to pay attention to upcoming technical progress;

Amendment 31 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. nNotes that automated vehicles ~~can~~will be required to play an important role in developing sustainable transport (for example, through the potential for making savings in emissions) and calls on the Commission and Member States to pay attention to upcoming technical progress;

Amendment 32 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. Expects the Commission to ensure that the Member States adapt the existing legislation, such as the Vienna Convention, in a uniform manner in order to make driverless driving possible, and calls on the Commission, the Member States and the industry to implement the objectives of the Amsterdam Declaration on cooperation in the field of connected and automated driving as soon as possible;

Amendment 33 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. Emphasises that efforts to establish legal consistency and a single market as a source of economies of scale must not undermine the sovereignty of Member States, especially where they are required to demand that manufacturers observe safety and liability rules in favour of the users of automatic or semi- automatic vehicles;

Amendment 34 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. emphasises that transport modes, in which traffic control is already well established, such as public transport, must get the most attention when it comes to promoting autonomous driving;

Amendment 35 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. hopes that the new vehicles will be accessible to all users, including those with reduced mobility;

Amendment 36 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 b (new)

2b. points out that self-driving vehicles might do much to reduce noise pollution, especially in towns and cities;

Amendment 37 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Daniela AIUTO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. calls on the Commission and Member States to conduct further research to assess the safety and environmental implications of automated vehicles, and invites them to create a knowledge-sharing system to record the outcomes of tests and pilot schemes; since the act of driving itself will become a complex technical exercise, it is of the utmost importance that such a knowledge-sharing system is conceived to protect the privacy of data contributed by consumers using automated vehicles;

Amendment 38 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. calls on the Commission and Member States to conduct further research to assess the safety and environmental implications of automated vehicles, and invites them to create a knowledge-sharing system to record the outcomes of tests and pilot schemes; calls on the Commission and Member States to ensure that the safety of automated vehicles is considered to be essential or a sine qua non for a progressive integration in the market;

Amendment 39 #

Matthijs van MILTENBURG, Pavel TELIČKA, Jozo RADOŠ, Gesine MEISSNER, Izaskun BILBAO BARANDICA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. calls on the Commission and Member States to conduct further research to assess the safety and environmental implications of automated ~~vehicles~~means of transport, and invites them to create ~~a knowledge-sharing system to record~~procedures enabling the outcomes of tests and pilot schemes, and accident and risk situation data, to be shared efficiently among stakeholders;

Amendment 4 #

Draft opinion
Citation 1 b (new)

- having regard to the to the European Parliament's resolution of 29 October 2015 on safe use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), commonly known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in the field of civil aviation,

Amendment 40 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. cCalls on the Commission and Member States to conduct ~~further~~more extensive and in-depth research to assess the safety and environmental implications of automated vehicles, and invites them to create a knowledge-sharing system to record the outcomes of tests and pilot schemes;

Amendment 41 #

Merja KYLLÖNEN, Kateřina KONEČNÁ, Stelios KOULOGLOU

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. calls on the Commission and Member States to conduct further research to assess the safety and environmental implications of automated vehicles in all transport modes, and invites them to create a knowledge-sharing system to record the outcomes of tests and pilot schemes;

Amendment 42 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. calls on the Commission and Member States to conduct further research to assess the safety and environmental implications of automated ~~vehicles~~transport, and invites them to create a knowledge-sharing system to record the outcomes of tests and pilot schemes;

Amendment 43 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. calls on the Commission and Member States to conduct further research to assess the safety and environmental implications of auto~~mated~~nomous vehicles, and invites them to create a knowledge-sharing system to record the outcomes of tests and pilot schemes;

Amendment 44 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Points out that through route optimisation, the fight against congestion, the optimisation of the use of the propulsion system and their communication with flow control systems, autonomous vehicles will help improve environmental factors, particularly in urban nodes;

Amendment 45 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Calls upon the Commission to take up the issue of the distribution of the added value generated by the improvement and generalisation of robotics, so that transport workers are not left behind by this technological revolution;

Amendment 46 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Daniela AIUTO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that automated cars will require a high level of safe interaction with the transport infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely transferred in real time between automated vehicles and such infrastructure; such unprecedented volume of data raises significant questions about the value that can be created with it, and about how it must be shared between entrepreneurs, government, consumers contributing the data and society as a whole;

Amendment 47 #

Matthijs van MILTENBURG, Pavel TELIČKA, Jozo RADOŠ, Gesine MEISSNER, Izaskun BILBAO BARANDICA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that automated cars will require a high level of safe interaction with the transport infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely transferred in real time between automated vehicles and such infrastructure; points out in this regard the need for a high density of secure high-speed wireless networks based on state-of-the art technologies;

Amendment 48 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that automated ~~car~~vehicles, vessels and aircraft systems will require a high level of safe interaction with ~~the~~corresponding and developing transport infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely transferred in real time between automated vehicles and such infrastructure, while ensuring privacy and data protection;

Amendment 49 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

Amendment 5 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph -1 (new)

-1. notes that robotics does not only concern automated vehicles, but also remotely piloted aircraft systems (drones), automated subway systems, auto-piloted aircrafts as well as other types of transport modes;

Amendment 50 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that automated ~~cars will require a high level of safe interaction with the~~means of transport will require efficient and secure communication both between means of transport and between means of transport and the infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely transferred in real time between automated ~~vehicles~~means of transport and ~~such~~the infrastructure;

Amendment 51 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that automated ~~car~~vehicles in all transport modes will require a high level of safe interaction with the transport infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely transferred in real time between automated vehicles and such infrastructure;

Amendment 52 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that automated cars will require a high level of safe interaction with the transport infrastructure, existing traffic flows and their management and that the high volume of data will need to be securely transferred in real time between automated vehicles and such infrastructure;

Amendment 53 #

Merja KYLLÖNEN, Kateřina KONEČNÁ, Stelios KOULOGLOU

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. uUnderlines that automated cars will require a high level of safe and reliable interaction with the transport infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely and reliably transferred in real time between automated vehicles and such infrastructure;

Amendment 54 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that automated ~~cars~~transport will require a high level of safe interaction with the transport infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely and reliably transferred in real time between ~~automated~~ vehicles and such infrastructure in all conditions;

Amendment 55 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that automated cars will require a high level of safe interaction with the transport infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely transferred in real time between automated vehicles and such infrastructureEmphasises that the huge volume of future data generated by vehicles and exchanged from vehicle to vehicle and from vehicles to infrastructure will require a substantial investment in road, energy and ICT infrastructure as well as in data protection systems;

Amendment 56 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. uUnderlines that automated cars will require a particularly safe and high level of safe interaction with the transport infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely transferred in real time between automated vehicles and such infrastructure;

Amendment 57 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. underlines that automated cars will require a high level of safety and of interaction with the transport infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely transferred in real time between automated vehicles and such infrastructure;

Amendment 58 #

Aldo PATRICIELLO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. warns, however, that data collection and processing must never intrude on the privacy of the end user;

Amendment 59 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Stresses the importance of smart and interconnected transport infrastructure and therefore calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish an appropriate comprehensive, cross-border and interoperable infrastructure;

Amendment 6 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. tTakes the view that the impact of automated vehicles on enhancing transport safety might potentially be a major one, since human errors are currently responsible for about 90% of road accidents; notes however that it will be impossible for automated vehicles to eliminate all accidents, which raises questions of responsibility for car accidentsshould be further studied following the many accidents they have caused;

Amendment 60 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. stresses that technology of this type can bring benefits from the point of view both of tourism and of facilitating connections with remoter regions;

Amendment 61 #

Merja KYLLÖNEN, Kateřina KONEČNÁ, Stelios KOULOGLOU

Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Adds that access to these data must be facilitated in accordance with current regulations in order to best determine the responsibilities of the parties involved in the event of an accident for the benefit of the victims;

Amendment 62 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. underlines that it is necessary to focus on ensuring and strengthening the security of ICT ~~regarding automated cars~~systems to ensure the full compliance with the demands of safe, secure and reliable automated transport systems and data protection;

Amendment 63 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. underlines that it is necessary to focus on ~~ensuring and strengthening the security of IT regarding automated cars~~the communication infrastructure regarding automated means of transport and their use and on developing IT, not least with a view to ensuring and strengthening its security;

Amendment 64 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. underlines that it is necessary to focus on ensuring and strengthening the security of IT regarding automated cars, while respecting the Union and Member States' legislation on privacy and data protection;

Amendment 65 #

Matthijs van MILTENBURG, Pavel TELIČKA, Jozo RADOŠ, Gesine MEISSNER, Izaskun BILBAO BARANDICA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. underlines that it is necessary to focus on ensuring and strengthening the security of IT and a high level of data protection regarding automated cars;

Amendment 66 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. underlines that it is necessary to focus on ensuring and strengthening the security of IT regarding automated ~~cars~~modes of transport;

Amendment 67 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Daniela AIUTO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. underlines that it is necessary to focus on ensuring and strengthening the security of IT regarding automated ~~car~~vehicles;

Amendment 68 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. underlines that it is necessary to focus on ensuring and strengthening the security of IT regarding auto~~mated~~nomous cars;

Amendment 69 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. Calls on the Commission to develop a civil liability regime, including on the burden of proof, adapted to the development of autonomous vehicles; stresses the importance of ensuring a clear division of responsibilities between the designers, the manufacturers of the various components and the assemblers of autonomous vehicles, the service providers (transport services or the services necessary for the operation of autonomous vehicles) and the end users in order to ensure the safety and rights of passengers, data protection and protection against piracy;

Amendment 7 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Daniela AIUTO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. takes view that the impact of automated vehicles on enhancing transport safety might potentially be a major one, since human errors are currently responsible for about 90% of road accidents; notes however that it will be impossible for automated vehicles to eliminate all accidents, which raises questions of responsibility for car accidents and generates, amongst other things, the need for new insurance models and new insurance funds;

Amendment 70 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. underlines the critical importance of reliable positioning and timing information provided by the European satellite navigation programmes Galileo and EGNOS for the implementation of automated vehicles, particularly for navigation and safety systems in automated vehicles on the one hand and for intelligent transport systems and traffic management systems on the other hand;

Amendment 71 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. Calls on the Member States and the Commission to launch an in-depth study into the future implications of the increasing use of automated transport at the workplace and to seek adoption of the necessary framework legislative provisions, so as to make the transition as smooth as possible for workers affected, thereby ensuring the protection of jobs;

Amendment 72 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. Draws attention to the high added value provided by autonomous vehicles for persons with reduced mobility, as such vehicles allow them to participate better in individual road transport and thereby facilitate their daily lives;

Amendment 73 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. Calls on the Commission, which may be required to promote transport industries for a legitimate economic purpose, not to make the product user bear most of the burden of civil liability;

Amendment 74 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 b (new)

5b. Stresses that in case of damage, the consumer of a mobility service provided by an autonomous system cannot be made to bear the burden of proof of the causal link between the damage and the harmful event; furthermore, in order to protect victims, prior evidence of liability must not be required of them;

Amendment 75 #

Merja KYLLÖNEN, Kateřina KONEČNÁ, Stelios KOULOGLOU

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 b (new)

5b. Acknowledges that the unconsidered development of automated systems could engender serious social and economic dangers; calls on the Union and the Member States to seek a structured public debate with the direct involvement of civil society concerning the implications of these technological developments as soon as possible; urges those involved in research into the automatisation of transport to provide constructive input through a critical approach to their field of study;

Amendment 76 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. calls on the Commission to propose a single roadmap for automated and connected vehicles and other transportation and for closer collaboration of all relevant stakeholders, including a careful analysis and recommendations regarding the dynamics and the development of the market;

Amendment 77 #

Matthijs van MILTENBURG, Jozo RADOŠ, Gesine MEISSNER, Izaskun BILBAO BARANDICA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. calls on the Commission to ~~propose a single roadmap~~develop a shared European strategy for automated and connected vehicles and ~~other transportation and for closer collaboration of all relevant stakeholder~~to review and adapt where necessary the Union regulatory framework to support the development and use of automated and connected vehicles;

Amendment 78 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. cCalls on the Commission to propose by 2019 a single roadmap for the deployment of interoperable, automated and connected vehicles and other transportation and for closer collaboration of all relevant stakeholders;

Amendment 79 #

Matthijs van MILTENBURG, Pavel TELIČKA, Jozo RADOŠ, Gesine MEISSNER, Izaskun BILBAO BARANDICA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. calls on the Commission to propose a single roadmap for auto~~mated and connec~~nomous and automated vehicles and other transportation and for closer collaboration of all relevant stakeholders;

Amendment 8 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. takes view that the impact of automated vehicles on enhancing transport safety might potentially be a major one, since human errors are currently responsible for about 90% of road accidents; notes however that ~~it will be impossible for automated vehicles to eliminate all accidents, which raises~~without an appropriate internal market regulatory framework it will be difficult to decrease the risk of accidents involving automated vehicles, This raises liability issues and questions of responsibility for car accidents;

Amendment 80 #

Pavel TELIČKA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. calls on the Commission to propose ~~a single roadmap for~~in due time concrete measures with the aim of creating an appropriate legal and policy framework for safely integrating automated and connected vehicles ~~and othe~~into regular transportation ~~and for closer collaboration of all relevant stakeholders~~;

Amendment 81 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. calls on the Commission to prepare a clear Union legal framework on automated vehicles in order to respond to the technological development trends in the automotive sector and to ensure that the Union remains the leading car manufacturer thus contributing to the technological development and economic growth of the Union; urges the finalisation and launch, as soon as possible, of the satellites which are needed in order to complete the European Galileo positioning system, so that such system can be used as the default positioning system in automated vehicles;

Amendment 82 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. Calls on the Commission to specifically address the problem of the social reclassification of workers in road, sea and air transport so that improvements in and the generalisation of automatic vehicle technologies become synonymous with unemployment;

Amendment 83 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. bearing in mind that innovative technological solutions for automated vehicle applications are developing rapidly, calls on the Commission to draw up legislation on transport using the automated vehicles that will result from technological change;

Amendment 84 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. notes that the development of automated vehicles requires a proactive and committed institutional approach on the part of the Union and Member States as well as the involvement of technology centres and of the automotive industry;

Amendment 85 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Daniela AIUTO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. calls on the Commission to develop European infrastructural standards to allow the diffusion of autonomous vehicles and a road map to implement them;

Amendment 86 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. Calls for legislative frameworks for the deployment of unmanned aircraft in civil aviation to be created by 2017;

Amendment 87 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 b (new)

6b. Calls on the Commission and Member States to include the use of automated vehicles in the initial and advanced training of HGV drivers and to make this part of the training needed to obtain a car driving licence;

Amendment 88 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Daniela AIUTO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 b (new)

6b. invites the Commission to study the potential economic and social consequences of robotics and automation in the tourism sector and related industries;

Amendment 89 #

Merja KYLLÖNEN, Kateřina KONEČNÁ, Stelios KOULOGLOU

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 b (new)

6b. notes that the development of automated vehicles should always take into account Union legislation on personal data protection;

Amendment 9 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. takes view that the ~~impact of automated vehicles on enhancing transport safety~~automation and robotics, especially autonomous driving, might potentially bhave a major ~~one~~impact on enhancing transport safety, since human errors are currently responsible for about 90% of road accidents; notes ~~however that it will be impossible for automated vehicles to eliminate all accidents, which raises ques~~that liability questions related to automated transport need to be promptly addressed at international level to ensure the protections of ~~responsibility for car accident~~citizens and consumers;

Amendment 90 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Daniela AIUTO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Laura FERRARA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 c (new)

6c. calls on the Commission to study the potential economic and social consequences of robotics and automation over the full life cycle of transport systems, including active and preventive maintenance, fleet management, temporary storage (e.g. parking systems for city vehicles), and dismantling and other operations guaranteeing a smooth flow of the corresponding materials into the circular economy;

Amendment 91 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 c (new)

6c. supports the impetus to the development and commercialization of automated and connected vehicles in the Union from 2019, in line with the Amsterdam Declaration of April 2016, and calls for the establishment of an appropriate Union technical and regulatory framework;

Amendment 92 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 d (new)

6d. notes that a potential authorization of the use of automated vehicles needs to have as a prerequisite certain regulatory and legislative changes. Some of those changes should be focused on insurance law and civil liability;

Amendment 93 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 e (new)

6e. concerning unmanned aircraft, recalls the measures set out in Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 20 February 2008, on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency1a to ensure homogeneity and safety; ________________ 1aRegulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 February 2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC, Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 and Directive 2004/36/EC (OJ L 79, 19.3.2008, p. 1).

source: 592.071

2016/10/11 LIBE 87 amendments...

Amendment 1 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura FERRARA, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Daniela AIUTO

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. Whereas the development of robotics will bring ~~positive effects for~~benefits to the European Union economy ~~but~~and also ~~for~~to the daily life of individuals; whereas, however, at the same time it involves structural risks which it would be unwise to ignore; whereas all robotics ~~and~~, artificial intelligence technology and related innovative disciplines have to be developed, monitored and used with due regard for the law and fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR), in particular for the rights of human dignity, data and metadata protection, privacy, liberty and security;

Amendment 10 #

Draft opinion
Recital A b (new)

Ab. Whereas a distinction ought to be drawn between, on the one hand, the recreational use of technology linked to robotics and artificial intelligence and, on the other hand, the professional use of such technology; whereas some particularly intrusive technologies should be banned in recreational use; whereas technology with a high risk of being intrusive should, as a necessity, abide by the principles of proportionality and legitimacy;

Amendment 11 #

Draft opinion
Recital A b (new)

Ab. Whereas the EU General Data Protection Regulation that will take effect in 2018, covers the developments in robotics and artificial intelligence and includes safeguards such as the restrictions of automated individual decision-making, which significantly affects the users;

Amendment 12 #

Draft opinion
Recital A b (new)

Ab. Whereas many third countries have adopted suitable guidelines and legislation on robotics and a number of Member States have also begun to look at specific aspects;

Amendment 13 #

Draft opinion
Recital A c (new)

Ac. Whereas the danger of hacking poses a real threat to internal security and constitutes an extra risk to data and privacy protection;

Amendment 14 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Considers that guiding ethical rules and principles for the design, engineering and use of robots andre needed to complement the European legal framework; considers that in the field of artificial intelligence amore ~~needed to complement the European legal framework~~research and information is required to produce functioning ethical rules and principles for the design and engineering; underlines that workable ethical rules in the area of artificial intelligence do not currently exist and that implementing ethical systems in artificial intelligence, even at a theoretical level, has proved a very challenging issue;

Amendment 15 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Considers that guiding ethical rules and principles for the design, engineering and use of robots and artificial intelligence are needed to complement the European legal framework; in order to ensure that this technology does indeed improve people’s quality of life;

Amendment 16 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura FERRARA, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Considers that the identification of guiding ethical rules and principles for the design, engineering and use of robots ~~and~~, artificial intelligence a~~re needed~~nd related innovative disciplines is vital to complement the current European legal framework;

Amendment 17 #

Lorenzo FONTANA

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Considers that some guiding ethical rules and principles for the design, engineering and use of robots and artificial intelligence are ~~nee~~vital in ordedr to ~~complement the~~have an updated European legal framework;

Amendment 18 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 1

1. Considers that guiding ethical ~~rules and~~ principles for the design, engineering and use of robots and artificial intelligence are needed to complement the European legal framework;

Amendment 19 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Believes that robotics and artificial intelligence, especially those with built-in autonomy and the possibility of self- learning, should be subjected to the primary robotics laws or principles, such as a principle that a robot may do not harm to a human being and must obey a human being; these principles should also be in compliance with the rights and principles enshrined in the CFR, in particular human dignity, the respect for private and family life, the protection of personal data, the freedom of expression and information, equality and non-discrimination, solidarity, and citizens’ rights and justice, particularly in the case of cyber-physical systems (CPS) that can be worn on or implanted in the human body;

Amendment 2 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. Whereas the development of robotics will bring positive effects for the European Union economy but also for the daily life of individuals; whereas all robotics and artificial intelligence technology have to be developed and used with due regard for the fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR), in particular for the rights of data protection, privacy, liberty and security, and also with due regard for private and family life;

Amendment 20 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Tiziana BEGHIN, Laura FERRARA, Daniela AIUTO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Believes that robotics ~~and~~, artificial intelligence and related innovative disciplines, especially those with built-in autonomy and the possibility of self- learning and even evolving self- modification, should be subjected to ~~the~~a structured body of primary robotics laws or principles, such as a principle that a robot may do not harm to a human being and must obey a human being; these principles should also be in compliance with the rights and principles enshrined in the CFR, in particular human dignity, the respect for private and family life, the protection of personal data, the freedom of expression and information, equality and non-discrimination, solidarity, and citizens’ rights and justice;

Amendment 21 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Believes that robotics and artificial intelligence, especially those with built-in autonomy or independence and the possibility of self- learning, should be subjected to the primary robotics laws or principles, such as a principle that a robot may do not harm to a human being and/or sentient beings in general and must obey a human being; these principles should also be in compliance with the rights and principles enshrined in the CFR, in particular human dignity, the respect for private and family life, the protection of personal data, the freedom of expression and information, equality and non- discrimination, solidarity, and citizens’ rights and justice;

Amendment 22 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Believes that robotics and artificial intelligence, especially those with built-in autonomy and the possibility of self- learning, should be subjected to the primary robotics laws or principles, such as a principle that a robot may do not harm to a human being and must obey a human being; these principles should also be in compliance with the rights and principles enshrined in the CFR, in particular human dignity, the respect for and protection of private and family life, the protection of personal data, the freedom of expression and information, equality and non- discrimination, solidarity, and citizens’ rights and justice;

Amendment 23 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. Believes that robotics and artificial intelligence, especially those with built-in autonomy and the possibility of self- learning, should be subjected to the primary robotics laws or principles, such as a principle that a robot may do not harm to a human being and must obey a human being; these principles should also be in compliance with the rights and principles enshrined in the CFR, in particular human dignity, the respect for private and family life, the protection of personal data, security, the freedom of expression and information, equality and non- discrimination, solidarity, and citizens’' rights and justice;

Amendment 24 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2

2. ~~Believes that~~Acknowledges that currently no robust conceptual laws on robotics ~~and~~or artificial intelligence, especially those with built-in autonomy and the possibility of self- learning, should be subjected to the primary robotics laws or principles, such as a principle that a robot may do not harm to a human being and must obey a human being; these principles should also be in compliancexist and the topic is widely debated in academia; reiterates its call for more research in the field of ethics of artificial intelligence also to increase the likelihood that these future laws on robotics would be aligned with the rights and principles enshrined in the CFR, in particular human dignity, the respect for private and family life, the protection of personal data, the freedom of expression and information, equality and non- discrimination, solidarity, and citizens’ rights and justice;

Amendment 25 #

Emilian PAVEL, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Caterina CHINNICI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. Underlines that such principles could be as follows: -Robots and artificial intelligence are multi-use tools. Robots and artificial intelligence should not be designed solely or primarily to kill or harm humans. Individual rights and fundamental freedoms must be guaranteed; in particular human integrity (physical and mental integrity), human dignity and identity. We underline the primacy of the human being over the sole interest of science or society; -Humans are responsible agents. Lawmakers should make sure that emerging technologies comply with existing laws and fundamental rights; -Robots and artificial intelligence as products should be designed to be safe, secure and fit for purpose, as other products; -Robots and artificial intelligence are manufactured artefacts. They should not be designed in a deceptive way to exploit vulnerable users; instead, their machine nature should be transparent; -A person with legal responsibility for a robot or artificial intelligence should be attributed. In case of gross negligence regarding safety and security, producers shall be held responsible despite non- liability clauses in user agreements may exist; -In accordance with responsible research and innovation, the precautionary principle should be taken into account.

Amendment 26 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. Considers that robots should not be designed to exploit vulnerable users by evoking an emotional response or dependency;

Amendment 27 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 b (new)

2b. Underlines the "right to explanation" under the GDPR that allows users to ask for an explanation of an algorithmic decision that was made about them, thus ensuring fairness, inclusiveness and equality;

Amendment 28 #

Emilian PAVEL, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Caterina CHINNICI

2c. Calls for a strong collaboration between healthcare professionals and augmentation and rehabilitation robotics in order to fully respect the principles of medical ethics and make informed choices between the requirements of care efficacy, safety, patient independence, integrity, and privacy protection;

Amendment 29 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 d (new)

2d. Urges the relevant stakeholders in the field of health (researchers, healthcare providers, psychologists) to address the psychological impact of human-robot interaction in therapy, especially on the development of emotional capabilities, notably in early childhood and with vulnerable persons; furthermore, insists that there is a clear understanding of the status and capacities of the robot, avoiding the creation of a bonding or dependence of vulnerable persons and children on robotics, hence isolating them from reality;

Amendment 3 #

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. Whereas the development of robotics ~~will bring~~is expected to have positive effects for the European Union economy ~~but also for~~; whereas, however, it is uncertain how it will affect the daily life of individuals; whereas all robotics and artificial intelligence technology have to be developed and used with due regard for the fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR), in particular for the rights of data protection, privacy, liberty and security;

Amendment 30 #

Emilian PAVEL, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Caterina CHINNICI

2e. Considers that robotics and artificial intelligence technologies extract, collect and share information of a particularly sensitive nature with a wide range of stakeholders, especially in fields such as homecare and health, but not only; a) insists that robotics and artificial intelligence should place the data subject at the centre and in control of personal data; b) calls on the Commission to define an "ethics by design" framework for researchers, academia, engineers in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence, that should be based on the principles enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (such as human dignity and human rights, equality, justice and equity, dignity, non-discrimination and non-stigmatisation, autonomy and individual responsibility, informed consent, privacy and social responsibility as well as the rights of the elderly, the integration of persons with disabilities, the right to healthcare, and the right to consumer protection), as well as on the principles of privacy by design and by default, proportionality and necessity, and on existing ethical practices and codes, without hindering research and technological developments;

Amendment 31 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 f (new)

2f. Welcomes the existence of the European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies and hopes that its mandate will allow it to lead the development of a European ethical framework that is based on privacy, conscious engineering and empowered individuals, and places human dignity in the technologies of the future; calls on the Commission to gather and connect various EU projects and initiatives in the field of ethics in robotics, such as SPARC and RoboLaw;

Amendment 32 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 g (new)

2g. Calls on the Commission to investigate the societal effects of human enhancement through robotics, with a particular focus on social behaviour;

Amendment 33 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 h (new)

2h. Calls on the European Commission and the Member States to ensure that any legislation in the field of robotics is grounded in a principles-based, technology neutral approach and based on empirical research, in order to ensure that the EU legislation does not stay behind the curve of technological development and deployment;

Amendment 34 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 i (new)

2i. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to promote a strong and transparent cooperation between the public, private sector and academia that would reinforce knowledge sharing in the field of robotics and constantly evaluate the ethical implications and respect of fundamental rights in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence;

Amendment 35 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 3

3. Reiterates that the right to the protection of private life and the right to the protection of personal data as enshrined in Article 7 and 8 CFR and Article 16 TFEU apply to all areas of robotics and artificial intelligence and that the Union legal framework for data protection must be fully complied with, particularly in the case of cyber-physical systems (CPS) which are worn on or implanted in the human body;

Amendment 36 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Calls on the Commission to ensure that any Union legislation on robotics and artificial intelligence will include rules on privacy and data protection, the requirement to follow principles of privacy by design and by default as well as principles of proportionality and necessity regarding the processing of data, in view of the fact that cyber-physical systems (CPS) are systems which comprise networked computers, robots and artificial intelligence and which interact with an integrated, artificial environment, and that certain elements of these systems can be worn on the human body or even implanted in the human body, all of which raises far-reaching ethical, human rights and social-philosophical questions, particularly with regard to self- determination, personal integrity and data protection; calls for the review of rules, principles and criteria regarding the use of cameras and sensors in robots and artificial intelligence in accordance with the Union legal framework for data protection;

Amendment 37 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura FERRARA, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Calls on the Commission to ensure that any Union legislation on robotics ~~and~~, artificial intelligence and related innovative disciplines will include rules on privacy and data ~~protection~~and metadata protection, taking into account the rapid developments in this area, the requirement to follow principles of privacy by design and by default as well as principles of proportionality and necessity regarding the processing of data~~; calls~~ and metadata; calls, among other things, for the review of rules, principles and criteria regarding the use of cameras and sensors in robots ~~and~~, artificial intelligence and related innovative disciplines in accordance with the Union legal framework for data protection;

Amendment 38 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

Amendment 39 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

Amendment 4 #

Lorenzo FONTANA

Draft opinion
Recital A

A. Whereas the development of robotics will ~~bring positive effe~~certainly have a considerable economic impacts for ~~the~~ European Union ~~economy~~citizens, but also for the daily life of individuals; whereas all robotics and artificial intelligence technology have to be developed and used with due regard for the fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR), in particular for the rights of data protection, privacy, liberty and security;

Amendment 40 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

4. Calls on the Commission to ensure that ~~any Union legislation~~the development and use onf robotics and artificial intelligence ~~will include~~is governed by existing regulation and rules on privacy and data protection, the requirement to follow the principles of privacy by design and by default as well as the principles of proportionality and necessity regarding the processing of data; calls for the review of rules, principles and criteria regarding the use of cameras and sensors in robots and artificial intelligence in accordance with the Union legal framework for data protection;

Amendment 41 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4

Amendment 42 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Calls on the Commission to ensure that all future legislation on robotics and artificial intelligence includes rules and measures with regard to the provision of information to users and to transparency concerning automated or robotic decision-making tools or such tools based on artificial intelligence that have an impact on the fundamental rights of those users; on this point, stresses the need to put in place control mechanisms and appropriate remedies.

Amendment 43 #

Emilian PAVEL, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Caterina CHINNICI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Highlights the importance of preventing mass-surveillance through robotics and artificial intelligence technologies;

Amendment 44 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4b. Highlights that the transparency and comprehensibility of the process by which domestic robots collect, process, and make use of personal data, including the terms of use of algorithms are key;

Amendment 45 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 c (new)

4c. Calls for the education and training of consumers on how to use a robot or artificial intelligence technologies, with a focus on topics like safety and data privacy;

Amendment 46 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 d (new)

4d. Calls for robots or artificial intelligence technologies to be designed with user friendly opt-out mechanisms (kill switches) that users can apply in case they notice an error or misuse of their data;

Amendment 47 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. Underlines that the free flow of data is a basis for the digital economy and is essential for the development of robotics; highlights, however, that high security of robotics and artificial intelligence systems as a whole, including their internal data systems and data flows, is crucial for the adequate utilisation of robots and artificial intelligence, particularly in the case of cyber-physical systems (CPS) which can be worn on or implanted in the human body; stresses that a high level of safety, security and privacy of data used for the communication between people and robots and artificial intelligence, including the basic principle that it is the person wearing the device who has the right to dispose of devices worn on or in the human body and of the data collected by these devices, together with high quality of voice recognition systems, has to be ensured; calls on the Commission and Member States to support and incentivise the development of the necessary technology, including security by design and channels of communication, bearing in mind that the development of robotics can leave people in a vulnerable position, which in turn can lead to conflicts of interest between individuals and society, so that these innovations should only be supported if humans’ inalienable rights are also protected;

Amendment 48 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura FERRARA, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. Underlines that the free flow of data within the European Union is a basis for the digital economy and is essential for the development of robotics; highlights that high security of robotics and artificial intelligence systems and related innovative disciplines as a whole, including their internal data and metadata systems and data flows, is crucial for the adequate utilisation of robots ~~and~~, artificial intelligence and related innovative disciplines; stresses that a high level of safety, security and privacy of data used for the communication between people and robots and artificial intelligence and related innovative disciplines, together with high ~~quality of voice~~performance by recognition systems, has to be ensured; calls on the Commission and Member States to support and incentivise the development of the necessary technology, including security by design and channels of communication; urges, therefore, that appropriate monitoring technologies and procedures be included in any operating plan, accompanied, where necessary, by thorough ex-post audits carried out by independent ethics consultants or similar bodies;

Amendment 49 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. Underlines that the free flow of data is a basis for the digital economy and is essential for the development of robotics; highlights that high security of robotics and artificial intelligence systems as a whole, including their internal data systems and data flows, is crucial for the adequate utilisation of robots and artificial intelligence; stresses that a ~~high~~particularly high and effective level of safety, security and privacy of data used for the communication between people and robots and artificial intelligence, together with high quality of voice recognition systems, has to be ensured; calls on the Commission and Member States to support and incentivise the development of the necessary technology, including security by design and channels of communication;

Amendment 5 #

Draft opinion
Recital A a (new)

Aa. Whereas all the research and innovation activities carried out under Horizon 2020, Article 19, shall comply with ethical principles and relevant national, EU and international legislation, including the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights and its Supplementary Protocols, with a particular focus on the principle of proportionality, the right to privacy, the right to the protection of personal data, the right to the physical and mental integrity of a person, the right to non-discrimination;

Amendment 50 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. Underlines that the free flow of data is ~~a basis for~~paramount to the digital economy and is essential for the development of robotics and artificial intelligence; highlights that high security of robotics and artificial intelligence systems as a whole, including their internal data systems and data flows, is crucial for the adequate utilisation of robots and artificial intelligence; stresses that a high level of safety, security and privacy of data used for the communication between people and robots and artificial intelligence, together with high quality of voice recognition systems, has to be ensured; calls on the Commission and Member States to support and incentivise the development of the necessary technology, including security by design and channels of communication;

Amendment 51 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. Underlines that the free flow of data is a basis for the digital economy and is essential for the development of robotics; highlights that high security of robotics and artificial intelligence systems as a whole, including their internal data systems and data flows, is crucial for the adequate utilisation of robots and artificial intelligence; stresses that a high level of safety, security and privacy of data used for the communication between people and robots and artificial intelligence, together with high quality of voice and sign language recognition systems, has to be ensured; calls on the Commission and Member States to support and incentivise the development of the necessary technology, including security by design and channels of communication;

Amendment 52 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5

5. Underlines that the free flow of data is a basis for the digital economy and is essential for the development of robotics; highlights that high security of robotics and artificial intelligence systems as a whole, including their internal data systems and data flows, is crucial for the adequate utilisation of robots and artificial intelligence; stresses that a high level of safety, security and privacy of data used for the communication between people and robots and artificial intelligence, together with high quality of voice recognition systems, has to be ensured; calls on the Commission and Member States to support and incentivise the development of the necessary technology, including security by design and channels of communication and encoding;

Amendment 53 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. Underlines that an emotional connection may develop between the human and the robot ‒ particularly in vulnerable groups (children, the elderly and people with disabilities) ‒ and highlights the serious emotional or physical impact that this emotional attachment could have on the human user if the CPS is turned off, or if data is lost or deleted;

Amendment 54 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. Calls on the European Commission to monitor the network learning processes in interconnected artificial intelligence or robots, with regard to potential misuse of personal data or security breaches that may arise, as well as data ownership, control, and storage;

Amendment 55 #

Emilian PAVEL, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Caterina CHINNICI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. Commercial software and hardware producers shall be held responsible despite non liability clauses in users' agreements in case of gross negligence regarding safety and security.

Amendment 56 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 b (new)

5b. Whereas, data breaches and cyber- attacks represent key issues, especially in the development of interconnected systems that collect and process large amounts of data, there is a need for complex implemented (by design) cybersecurity systems that can secure personal and machine generated data; considers end-to-end encryption key to securing data and encourages further research in this domain;

Amendment 57 #

Draft opinion
Subheading 4

Drones ~~(Remotely piloted aircrafts systems, RPAS)~~and unmanned robots in warfare

Amendment 58 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura FERRARA, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. Underlines that ~~when~~in the event that personal data or metadata are processed bythrough the use of RPAS, whether by public authorities for law enforcement purposes or by private or public entities for other purposes laid down by the law, the right to the protection of private life and the right to the protection of personal data as enshrined in Article 7 and 8 CFR and Article 16 TFEU apply and the Union legal framework for data protection must be fully complied with;

Amendment 59 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6

6. Underlines that when personal data are processed by RPAS, whether by public authorities for law enforcement purposes or by private or public entities for other purposes, the right to the protection of private life and the right to the protection of personal data as enshrined in Article 7 and 8 CFR and Article 16 TFEU apply and the Union legal framework for data protection and rights to freedom and safety must be fully complied with;

Amendment 6 #

Draft opinion
Recital A a (new)

Aa. Whereas developing 28 national bodies of legislation governing the use of robotics and artificial intelligence technology would lead to a fragmentation of the rules in force within the European Union, and would constitute an obstacle to the development of the single European market and the establishment of high- level common safeguards with regard to the protection of citizens’ fundamental rights to privacy, the protection of personal data, security and safety;

Amendment 60 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. Reiterates its call on the EU Council to develop an EU common position on the use of armed drones, giving the utmost importance to respect for human rights and international humanitarian law and addressing issues such as the legal framework, proportionality, accountability, the protection of civilians and transparency; urges the EU once again to ban the production, development, and use of fully autonomous weapons which enable strikes to be carried out without human intervention; insists that human rights should be part of all;

Amendment 61 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. Calls on the Commission to examine the obligation to fit RPAS with a traceability and identification system which enables the aircrafts’ real-time positions during use to be determined, as well as that of the owner of the device;

Amendment 62 #

Martina ANDERSON

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. Acknowledges the positive advances in Drone technology, particularly in the field of search and rescue, and maintains this is the direction the European Union should be going in relation to advancing drone technology.

Amendment 63 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6a. Calls, therefore, as a matter of urgency, for a rigorous and effective EU framework to be established that will restrict the use of electronic remote- controlled aerial systems and unmanned aircraft;

Amendment 64 #

Martina ANDERSON

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 b (new)

6b. All developments in this field must abide by the strictest of ethical and human rights standards in relation to privacy and protection of data. This technology should only be applied in a constructive, progressive and social capacity. EU research and innovation funds should never be used to advance the development of unmanned military appliances. Likewise, funds should not be awarded to any project that may possess dual civil and military use.

Amendment 65 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 b (new)

6b. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to launch a broad inter- governmental policy dialogue aimed at achieving international consensus on: (a) the legal standards governing the use of currently operational unmanned weapon systems, and; (b) the legal constraints and/or ethical reservations which may apply with regard to the future development, proliferation and use of increasingly autonomous weapon systems;

Amendment 66 #

Emilian PAVEL, Vilija BLINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Caterina CHINNICI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 b (new)

6b. Underlines the need to promote a policy response at global level on the use of armed drones, aimed at keeping their use strictly within the limits of international human rights and humanitarian law; to promote a ban on the development, production and use of fully autonomous weapons which enable strikes to be carried out without human intervention; to make sure that human rights are part of all dialogues with third countries on counter-terrorism;

Amendment 67 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 c (new)

6c. Based on the outcome of the preceding consensus building process, the EU should work towards the adoption of a binding international agreement, aiming to restrict the development, proliferation and use of certain unmanned weapon systems;

Amendment 68 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 d (new)

6d. Considers that any legislation on the use of drones and unmanned robots in warfare should be based on International Human Rights Law, International Humanitarian Law and Protection of the Right to Life under Custom, Law of Armed Conflict and General Principles of Law;

Amendment 69 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 e (new)

6e. Insists that in the implementation of the principle of distinction, those responsible for planning and conducting a military attack must take all feasible precautions to avoid erroneous targeting and the infliction of incidental civilian harm ("collateral damage"), as whilst some war drones and unmanned robots are programmed to make a distinction between civilians and military party, the decision making process in these cases is not clear;

Amendment 7 #

Draft opinion
Recital A a (new)

Aa. Whereas technological advancements in the area of robotics and artificial intelligence can be a factor in ensuring and improving fundamental rights for people with disabilities; notes therefore that it is crucial to ensure inclusive and equal access to these technologies;

Amendment 70 #

Caterina CHINNICI

Draft opinion
Subheading 5 a (new)

Minors 8. Stresses that the development of robotics ought to take into consideration the impacts on vulnerable individuals, and in particular on minors, and therefore considers that when drafting appropriate legislation this particular aspect should be taken into account; (This new subheading 5a with the new paragraph 8 should come after what in PA is the last subheading entitled "Code of Conduct" and paragraph 7 (i.e. after all the new additions to paragraph 7 resulting from amendments))

Amendment 71 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7

7. Considers that appropriate legislation should be accompanied by ~~encouragement of a soft law framework,~~a code of conduct for public-private partnerships, in order to ensure the cooperation of the industry and robotic designers with public authorities; believes that such instruments should focus on practical solutions to ensure privacy and data protection, the security and ethics of the robotics industry, and the proper use of robots and artificial intelligence on a daily basisrelations; believes that such instruments should focus on practical solutions to ensure privacy and data protection;

Amendment 72 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7

7. Considers that appropriate legislation should be accompanied by encouragement of a soft law framework, code of conduct or public-private partnerships, in order to ensure the cooperation of the industry and robotic designers with public authorities; believes that such instruments should focus on practical solutions to ensure privacy and data protection, the security and ethics of the robotics industry, and the proper use of robots and artificial intelligence on a daily basis; highlights the risk of CPS in the human body being hacked or turned off, or memory being deleted, as this could endanger people’s health, or in extreme cases people’s lives, and therefore stresses that protecting these systems is paramount;

Amendment 73 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7

7. Considers that appropriate legislation should be accompanied by encouragement of a soft law framework, code of conduct or public-private partnerships, in order to ensure the cooperation of the industry and robotic designers with public authorities; believes that such instruments should focus on practical solutions to ensure privacy and data protection, the security and ethics of the robotics industry, and the proper use of robots and artificial intelligence on a daily basis. calls on the Commission to present guidelines for the adoption of ethical principles accompanying future robotics regulations and, in particular, forward- looking standards in line with future technological developments;

Amendment 74 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura FERRARA, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7

7. Considers that appropriate legislation should be accompanied ~~by encouragement of a soft law framework,~~, in specific areas where relevant studies show that the development of regulation would be premature, by encouragement of a soft law framework, which may be made up, among other elements, of a code of conduct or public-private partnerships, in order to ensure the cooperation of the industry and robotic designers with public authorities and all the other stakeholders; believes that such instruments should focus on practical solutions to ensure ~~privacy and~~ human dignity, privacy and data and metadata protection, the security and ethics of the robotics industry, and the proper use of robots and artificial intelligence and other related innovative disciplines on a daily basis;.

Amendment 75 #

Aldo PATRICIELLO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7

7. Considers that appropriate legislation should be accompanied by encouragement of a ~~soft law framework,~~uniform legal framework within the EU, a code of conduct or public-private partnerships, in order to ensure the cooperation of the industry and robotic designers with public authorities; believes that such instruments should focus on practical solutions to ensure privacy and data protection, the security and ethics of the robotics industry, and the proper use of robots and artificial intelligence on a daily basis;.

Amendment 76 #

7a. It should be a basic principle that nobody can be discriminated against because a CPS or another enabling technology is an integral part of their body, whether the smart technology has been implanted in the human body to treat a condition, compensate for a disability or improve the capabilities of the human body; in this respect, questions must be answered regarding the point at which humans cease to be humans and become robots, which may result in human rights being conferred on robots; research should be carried out to determine whether there is a difference between the rights of a robotic human (i.e. integrated with CPS) and those of a human robot (for example, the capacity to learn, feel emotions and potentially become conscious).

Amendment 77 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)

7a. Calls for a horizontal approach in the legal framework for robotics and artificial intelligence that combines already existing regulatory frameworks in various sectors that robotics would be applied to, such as transport, health, industrial manufacturing, telecoms, law enforcement and many others;

Amendment 78 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)

7a. Special attention should be paid to care robots that pose a significant privacy threat as they are expected to provide new points of access to traditionally protected spaces through the extraction and transmission of sensitive personal data information;

Amendment 79 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura FERRARA, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)

7a. Calls on the Commission to develop and adopt a comprehensive plan for studies on the possible consequences which invasive technologies will have on civil liberties and fundamental rights;

Amendment 8 #

Draft opinion
Recital A a (new)

Aa. Whereas data protection and respect for intellectual property must be taken into account in the development of all new technological and production models;

Amendment 80 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura FERRARA, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 b (new)

7b. Calls on the Commission to create an action plan to facilitate the democratisation of citizens’ access to robotics, artificial intelligence and other related innovative disciplines;

Amendment 81 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 b (new)

7b. The dual character of technology's impact on human capabilities has to be always considered in ethical and regulatory terms;

Amendment 82 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura FERRARA, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 c (new)

7c. Calls on the Commission and Member States, in view of the possible structural risks that might arise in the decades ahead, to place greater emphasis on policies that are representative of social rights, such as the citizens’ income;

Amendment 83 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 c (new)

7c. Underlying algorithms and their parameters should be made explicit as a mandatory requirement;

Amendment 84 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura FERRARA, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 d (new)

7d. Calls on Member States and the Commission to increasingly promote digital teaching and training in policies relating to the right to study;

Amendment 85 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 d (new)

7d. Special training on the ethical aspects in the design of algorithms should be followed by designers of robots and artificial intelligence;

Amendment 86 #

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 e (new)

7e. Designers of robotics and artificial intelligence have a responsibility to develop and follow procedures for valid consent, confidentiality, anonymity, fair treatment and due process;

Amendment 87 #

Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura FERRARA, Ignazio CORRAO, Isabella ADINOLFI, Laura AGEA, Tiziana BEGHIN, David BORRELLI, Daniela AIUTO

Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 e (new)

7e. Calls on the Commission to carry out studies examining more deeply the possible correlation, in the years ahead, between automation and migration.

Amendment 9 #

Draft opinion
Recital A a (new)

Aa. Whereas the widespread and increasingly frequent use of robotics and artificial intelligence has undoubtedly provoked a variety of reactions and objections;

source: 592.162

2016/10/26 JURI 384 amendments...

Amendment 1 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 a (new)

- having regard to the Protocol (No 1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union on the role of national Parliaments in the European Union,

Amendment 10 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas now that humankind stands on the threshold of an era when ever more sophisticated robots, bots, androids and other manifestations of artificial intelligence ("AI") ~~seem poised to~~are unleashing a new industrial revolution, which is likely to leave no stratum of society untouched, it is vitally important for the legislature to start considering all its implications, without putting a full stop to innovation;

Amendment 100 #

Therese COMODINI CACHIA, Tadeusz ZWIEFKA

Motion for a resolution
Recital S

S. whereas the more autonomous robots are, the less they can be considered simple tools in the hands of other actors (such as the manufacturer, the operator, the owner, the user, etc.); whereas this, in turn, makes the ordinary rules on liability insufficient and calls for new rules which focus on how a machine can be held – partly or entirely – responsible for its acts or omissions; ~~whereas, as a consequence, it becomes more and more urgent to address the fundamental question of whether robots should possess a legal status;~~

Amendment 101 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital S

S. whereas the more autonomous robots are, the less they can be considered simple tools in the hands of other actors (such as the manufacturer, the owner, the user, etc.); whereas this, in turn, ~~makes~~questions whether the ordinary rules on liability inare sufficient ~~and calls for new rules which focus on how a machine can be held – partly or entirely –~~or whether it calls for specific principles and rules to provide clarity on the legal liability of actors, their responsibleility for ~~its~~ acts orand omissions~~; whereas, as a consequence, it becomes more and more urgent to address the fundamental quest~~ of robots the cause of which cannot be traced back to a specific human agent and whether the acts or omissions of ~~whether robots should possess a legal status~~robots which have caused harm could have been foreseen and avoided;

Amendment 102 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital S

S. whereas the more autonomous robots are, the less they can be considered simple tools in the hands of other actors (such as the manufacturer, the owner, the user, etc.); whereas this, in turn, ~~mak~~significantly challenges the ordinary rules on liability ~~insufficient and calls~~and calls for considering the need for new rules which focus on how a machine can be held – partly or entirely – responsible for its acts or omissions; whereas, as a consequence, it becomes more and more urgent to address the fundamental question of whether robots should possess a legal statuutonomous systems and self-learning machines can be subject to adapted civil liability rules;

Amendment 103 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital S

Amendment 104 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital S

Amendment 105 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital S

Amendment 106 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital S

S. whereas the more autonomous robots are, the less they can be considered simple tools in the hands of other actors (such as the manufacturer, the owner, the user, etc.); whereas this~~, in turn, makes~~ will require assessing whether the ordinary rules on liability inare sufficient and ~~calls for new rules which focus on how a machine can be held – partly or entirely – responsible for its acts or omissions~~whether more complex rules identifying all possible actors in the chain of responsibility should be established ; whereas, as a consequence, it ~~becomes more and more urgent~~might become necessary to a~~ddr~~ssess ~~the fundamental question of whether robots should possess a legal status~~whether a new legal category should be created for fully autonomous robots ;

Amendment 107 #

Therese COMODINI CACHIA, Tadeusz ZWIEFKA

Motion for a resolution
Recital T

T. whereas, ultimately, robots' autonomy raises the question of their nature in the light of the existing legal categories – of whether they should be regarded as natural persons, legal persons, animals or objects – or whether a new category should be created, with its own specific features and implications as regards the attribution of rights and duties, including liability for damage;deleted

Amendment 108 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital T

T. whereas~~, ultimately,~~ robots' autonomy raises the question of their nature in the light of the existing legal categories – of whether they should be regarded as ~~natural persons,~~ legal persons~~, animals~~ or objects – or whether a new category should be created, with its own ~~specific features and implications as regards the attribution of rights and duties, including liability for damage~~characteristics at law;

Amendment 109 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital T

T. whereas, automation blurs the lines between legal subjects and objects, and ultimately, robots' autonomy raises the question of their nature in the light of the existing legal categories – of whether they should be regarded as natural persons, legal persons, animals or objects – or whether a new ~~category~~legal status should be created, with its own specific features and implications as regards the attribution of rights and duties, including liability for damage;

Amendment 11 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas now that humankind stands on the threshold of an era when ever more sophisticated robots, bots, androids and other manifestations of artificial intelligence (”AI”) seem poised to unleash a new industrial revolution, which is likely to leave no stratum of society untouched, it is vitally important for the legislature to consider ~~all its~~its legal and ethical implications;

Amendment 110 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital T

T. whereas, ultimately, robots'’ autonomy raises the question of identifying and clarifying their nature in the light of the existing legal categories – of whether they should be regarded as natural persons, legal persons, animals or objects – or whether a new category should be created, with its own specific features and implications as regards the attribution of rights and duties, including liability for damage;

Amendment 111 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital T

T. whereas, ultimately, robots’' autonomy raises the question of their nature in the light of the existing legal categories – of whether they should be regarded as ~~natural persons,~~ legal persons~~, animals~~ or objects – or whether a new category should be created, with its own specific features and implications as regards the attribution of rights and duties, including liability for damage;

Amendment 112 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital T

T. whereas, ultimately, robots' autonomy raises the question of their nature in the light of the existing legal categories – of whether they should be regarded as natural persons, legal persons, ~~animals~~ or objects – or whether a new category should be created, with its own specific features and implications as regards the attribution of rights and duties, including liability for damage;

Amendment 113 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital T a (new)

Ta. whereas it is unclear by which responsibility scheme distributed autonomous organisations (DAOs), organisations run by rules encoded in computer programmes, would abide under the law, while such legal uncertainty can significantly impact research, innovation, industrial development and consumer protection;

Amendment 114 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital U

U. whereas under the current legal framework, complex robots ~~can~~may not be held liable per se for acts or omissions that cause damage to third parties, as they do not meet the criteria for existing legal provisions; whereas the existing rules on liability cover cases where the cause of the robot’s act or omission can be traced back to a specific human agent such as the manufacturer, the owner or the user and where that agent could have foreseen and avoided the robot’s harmful behaviour; whereas, in addition, manufacturers, owners or users could be held strictly liable for acts or omissions of a robot if, for example, the robot were categorised as a dangerous object or if it fell within product liability rules; notes however, the importance of legal clarity and that a one- size-fits-all approach should in any case be avoided

Amendment 115 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital U

U. whereas under the current legal framework robots cannot be held liable per se for acts or omissions that cause damage to third parties; whereas the existing rules on liability cover cases where the cause of the robot’s act or omission can be traced back to a specific human agent such as the manufacturer, the owner or the user and where that agent could have foreseen and avoided the robot’s harmful behaviour; whereas, in addition, manufacturers, owners or users could be held strictly liable for acts or omissions of a robot ~~if, for example, the robot were categorised as a dangerous object or~~ if it fell within product liability rules;

Amendment 116 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital U

U. whereas under the current legal framework robots cannot be held liable per se for acts or omissions that cause damage to third parties; whereas the existing rules on liability cover cases where the cause of the robot’s act or omission can be traced back to a specific human agent such as the manufacturer, the operator, the owner or the user and where that agent could have foreseen and avoided the robot’s harmful behaviour; whereas, in addition, manufacturers, operators, owners or users could be held strictly liable for acts or omissions of a robot if, for example, the robot were categorised as a dangerous object or if it fell within product liability rules;

Amendment 117 #

Therese COMODINI CACHIA, Michał BONI, Tadeusz ZWIEFKA

Motion for a resolution
Recital U

U. whereas under the current legal framework robots cannot be held liable per se for acts or omissions that cause damage to third parties; whereas the existing rules on liability cover cases where the cause of the robot’s act or omission can be traced back to a specific human agent such as the manufacturer, the owner or the user and where that agent could have foreseen and avoided the robot’s harmful behaviour; whereas, in addition, manufacturers, owners or users could be held ~~strictly~~ liable for acts or omissions of a robot if, for example, the robot were categorised as a dangerous object or if it fell within product liability rules;

Amendment 118 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph U a (new)

Ua. whereas according to the current legal framework product liability - where the producer of a product is liable for a malfunction- and rules governing liability for harmful actions -where the user of a product is liable for a behaviour that leads to harm- apply to damages caused by robots or AI;

Amendment 119 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Kaja KALLAS, Matthijs van MILTENBURG

Motion for a resolution
Recital V

V. whereas in the scenario where a robot canould take autonomous decisions, the ~~traditional rules will not suffice to activate a robot’s liability, since they would not~~ humans responsible for any damakge ~~it possible to identify the party responsible for providing compensation and to require this party to make good the damage it has caus~~caused as a result of the decisions taken should be clearly specified;

Amendment 12 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas now that humankind stands on the threshold of an era when ever more sophisticated robots, bots, androids and other manifestations of artificial intelligence ("AI") seem poised to unleash a new industrial revolution, which is likely to leave no stratum of society untouched, it is vitally important for the legislature to consider all its implicationthe growing development and use of artificial intelligence applications is increasingly reducing the marginal cost of producing and distributing goods and services, raising the need to comprehensively assess the implications of these developments on the EU's values and fundamental rights as well as on fundamental principles related to the rule of law and ethics;

Amendment 120 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital V

V. whereas in the scenario where a robot can take autonomous decisions, the traditional rules in force will not suffice to activate a robot'’s liability, since, among other issues, they would not make it possible to identify the party responsible for providing compensation and to require this party to make good the damage it has caused;

Amendment 121 #

Tadeusz ZWIEFKA, Christian EHLER, Michał BONI

Motion for a resolution
Recital V

V. whereas in the scenario where a robot can take autonomous decisions, the traditional rules will not suffice to activate a robot'’s liability, since they would not make it possible to identify the party responsible, a human factor, for providing compensation and to require this party to make good the damage it has caused;

Amendment 122 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital V

V. whereas in the scenario where a robot can take autonomous decisions, the traditional rules ~~will not suffice to activate a robot's liability, since they would~~may not make it possible to identify the party responsible for providing compensation and to require this party to make good the damage ithe robot has caused;

Amendment 123 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital V

V. whereas in the scenario where a robot can take autonomous decisions, the traditional rules ~~will~~may not suffice to activate ~~a robot's~~legal liability, since they would not make it possible to identify the party responsible for providing compensation and to require this party to make good the damage it has caused;

Amendment 124 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital X

X. whereas the shortcomings of the current legal framework are also apparent in the area of contractual liability insofar as machines designed to choose their counterparts, negotiate contractual terms, conclude contracts and decide whether and how to implement them make the traditional rules inapplicable, which highlights the need for new, ~~more up-to- date ones~~efficient and up-to-date ones, which should comply with the technological development and the innovations recently arisen and used on the market;

Amendment 125 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital X

X. whereas the shortcomings of the current legal framework are apparent in the area of contractual liability insofar as machines designed to choose their counterparts, negotiate contractual terms, conclude contracts and decide whether and how to implement them make the traditional rules inapplicable, which highlights the need for new, more up-to- date ones, applicable to robots acting as contracting parties;

Amendment 126 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital X

X. whereas the shortcomings of the current legal framework are apparent in the area of contractual liability insofar as they are machines designed to choose their counterparts, negotiate contractual terms, conclude contracts and decide whether and how to implement them ~~make~~and the ~~traditional rules inapplicable, which highlights the need for new, more up-to- date ones~~rules on human responsibility applicable to such machines need to be specified;

Amendment 127 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital X

X. whereas ~~the~~ shortcomings ofin the current legal framework armay become apparent in the area of contractual liability insofar as agents employ machines designed to choose their counterparts, negotiate contractual terms, conclude contracts and decide whether and how to implement them ~~make the traditional rules inapplicable, which highlights the need for new, more up-to- date ones~~; whereas this highlights the need for reform of the current legal framework;

Amendment 128 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital Y

Y. whereas, as regards non-contractual liability, Council Directive 85/374/EEC of 25 July 19853 can only cover damage caused by a robot's manufacturing defects and on condition that the injured person is able to prove the actual damage, the defect in the product and the causal relationship between damage and defect (strict liability or liability without fault) framework may not be sufficient; __________________ 3 Council Directive 85/374/EEC of 25 July 1985 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective products (OJ L 210, 7.8.1985, p. 29).

Amendment 129 #

Therese COMODINI CACHIA, Michał BONI, Tadeusz ZWIEFKA

Motion for a resolution
Recital Z

Z. whereas, notwithstanding the scope of the Directive 85/374/EEC, the current legal framework would not be sufficient to cover the damage caused by the new generation of robots, insofar as they can be equipped with adaptive and learning abilities entailing a certain degree of unpredictability in their behaviour, since these robots would autonomously learn from their own, variable experience and interact with their environment in a unique and unforeseeable manner;deleted

Amendment 13 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)

Ba. whereas there is a need to create a generally accepted definition of robot and AI that is flexible and is not hindering innovation;

Amendment 130 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital Z

Amendment 131 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital Z

Amendment 132 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital Z

Z. whereas, notwithstanding the scope of the Directive 85/374/EEC, the current legal framework would not be sufficient to cover the damage caused by the new generation of robots, insofar as they are autonomous and/or can be equipped with adaptive and learning abilities entailing a certain degree of unpredictability in their behaviour, since these robots would autonomously learn from their own, variable experience and interact with their environment in a unique and unforeseeable manner;

Amendment 133 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Calls on the Commission to propose a common European definition of smart autonomous robots and their subcategories by taking into consideration the following characteristics of a smart robot: acquires autonomy through sensors and/or by exchanging data with its environment (inter-connectivity) and trades and analyses these data; is self-learning from experience and by interaction (optional criterion); has a physical support adapts its behaviours and actions to its environment;

Amendment 134 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Calls on the Commission to propose a common European definition of smart autonomous robots and their subcategories by taking into consideration the following characteristics of a smart robot and an autonomous system: o acquires autonomy through sensors and/or by exchanging data with its environment (inter-connectivity) and trades and analyses data o is self-learning (optional criterion) o has a physical support or is connected to a software programme without being embedded in a physical support o adapts its behaviours and actions to its environment;

Amendment 135 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Calls on the Commission to propose a common European definition of smart autonomous robots and their subcategories by taking into consideration the following characteristics of a smart robot: o acquires autonomy through sensors and/or by exchanging data with its environment (inter-connectivity) and trades and analyses data o is self-learning (optional criterion) o has a physical support o adapts its behaviours and actions to its environment o is not alive in the biological sense;

Amendment 136 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – introductory part

1. Calls on the Commission to propose a common European definition of cyber physical systems, smart autonomous robots and their subcategories by taking into consideration the following characteristics of a smart robot:

Amendment 137 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – introductory part

1. Calls on the Commission to propose a common European definition of smart autonomous robots and their subcategories by taking into consideration ~~the following~~various specific characteristics of a smart robot:;

Amendment 138 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – introductory part

1. Calls on the Commission to ~~propose a common European~~consider proposing a definition of smart autonomous robots and their subcategories by taking into consideration the following characteristics of a smart robot:

Amendment 139 #

Therese COMODINI CACHIA, Michał BONI, Tadeusz ZWIEFKA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. Considers that, within the internal market of the European Union, a system of registration of advanced robots should be introduced, and calls on the Commission to establish criteria for the classification of robots with a view to identifying the robots that would need to be registered; in this context, calls on the Commission to investigate the opportunity to manage the registration system and the related register by an EU Agency for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence;

Amendment 14 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B b (new)

Bb. whereas according to the robotics sector researchers and innovators it might be too early to create a liability framework for robots and AI, adding that at this stage it could hinder innovation;

Amendment 140 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. Considers that a system of registration of advanced robots should be introduced, and calls on the Commission to establish criteria for the classification of robots with a view to identifying the robots that would need to be registered, when technological advancement has reached this level of sophistication in robotics and artificial intelligence;

Amendment 141 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. Considers that a system of registration of advanced robots shcould be introduced where relevant and necessary for specific subcategories of robots, and calls on the Commission to establish criteria for the classification of robots with a view to identifying the robots that would need to be registered;

Amendment 142 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. Considers that a comprehensive system of registration of advanced robots should be introduced, and calls on the Commission to establish criteria for the classification of robots with a view to ~~ident~~successfully identifying and verifying the robots that would need to be registered;

Amendment 143 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. Considers that a European system of registration of advanced robots should be introduced, and calls on the Commission to establish criteria for the classification of robots with a view to identifying the robots that would need to be registered;

Amendment 144 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. Considers that a system of registration of advanced robots shcould be introduced, and calls on the Commission to establish criteria for the classification of robots with a view to identifying the robots that would need to be registered;

Amendment 145 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

2. ~~Considers~~Points out that a system of registration of advanced robots shcould be ~~introduced, and calls~~given consideration and calls, in that connection, on the Commission to establish criteria for the classification of robots ~~with a view to identifying the robots that would need to be registered~~;

Amendment 146 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. Considers that companies that manufacture robots should also record in this register the algorithms used to programme intelligent machines;

Amendment 147 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Underlines that many robotic applications are still in an experimental phase; welcomes the fact that more and more research projects are being funded with national and European money as this is essential that the European Union together with Member states, through public funding, remains a leader in research in robotics and AI; calls on the Commission and the Member States to strengthen financial instruments for research projects in robotics and ICT and to implement in their research policies the principles of open science and open innovation; emphasises that sufficient resources need to be devoted to the search for solutions to the social and ethical challenges that the technological development and its applications raise;

Amendment 148 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Underlines that many robotic applications are still in an experimental phase; welcomes the fact that more and more research projects are being funded with national and European money; calls on the Commission and the Member States to strengthen financial instruments for research projects in robotics and ICT, including public-private partnerships; emphasises that sufficient resources need to be devoted to the search for solutions to the social and ethical challenges that the technological development and its applications raise, the sole focus on technology being insufficient without the simultaneous development of a completed neuroscience taking into account human abilities and safety;

Amendment 149 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Underlines that many robotic applications are still in an experimental phase; welcomes the fact that more and more research projects are being funded with national and European money; calls on the Commission and the Member States to strengthen financial instruments for research projects in robotics and ICT and also to support their further development, evolution and practical application beyond the initial conception stage; emphasises that sufficient resources need to be devoted to the search for solutions to the social and ethical challenges that the technological development and its applications raise;

Amendment 15 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas between 2010 and 2014 the average increase in sales of robots stood at 17% per year and in 2014 sales rose by 29%, the highest year-on-year increase ever, with automotive parts suppliers and the electrical/electronics industry being the main drivers of the growth; whereas annual patent filings for robotics technology have tripled over the last decade due to the uncertain nature of research and development cycle outcomes;

Amendment 150 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Underlines that many robotic applications are still in an experimental phase; welcomes the fact that more and more research projects are being funded with national and European money; calls on the Commission and the Member States to ~~strengthen~~investigate the possibility of improving financial instruments for research projects in robotics and ICT; emphasises that sufficient resources need to be devoted to the search for solutions to the social and ethical, legal and economic challenges that the technological development and its applications raise;

Amendment 151 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Underlines that many robotic applications are still in an experimental phase; ~~welcom~~recognises the fact that ~~more and more~~ research projects are being funded with national and European money; calls on the Commission and the Member States to ~~strengthen~~assess potential improvements to the existing financial instruments for research projects in robotics and ICT~~; emphasises that sufficient resources need to be devoted to the search for solutions to the social and ethical challenges that the technological development and its applications raise~~ in order for them to function most efficiently, allowing the European Union and its technology hubs to stay ahead of third countries in terms of innovative technology;

Amendment 152 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Underlines that many robotic applications are still in an experimental phase; welcomes the fact that more and more research projects are being funded with national and European money; calls on the Commission and the Member States to strengthen financial instruments for research projects in robotics and ICT; emphasises that sufficient resources need to be devoted to the search for solutions to the social and ethical challenges that ~~the~~every technological development and its applications raise;

Amendment 153 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Asks the Commission to foster research programmes that include a mechanism for short-term verification of the outcomes in order to understand what real risks and opportunities are associated with the dissemination of these technologies; calls on the Commission to combine all its effort in order to guarantee a smoother transition for these technologies from research to commercialisation on the market, after proper risk and safety evaluation, registration and other necessary technical checks; calls for the creation of a European-wide research and development project on robotics and neuroscience;

Amendment 154 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Asks the Commission to foster research programmes that include, in addition to the prior analysis of the opportunity, a mechanism for short-term verification of the outcomes in order to understand what real risks and opportunities are associated with the dissemination of these technologies; calls on the Commission to combine all its effort in order to guarantee a smoother transition for these technologies from research to commercialisation and use on the market, in compliance with the precautionary principle;

Amendment 155 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Asks the Commission to foster research programmes that include a mechanism for short-term and meaningful verification of the outcomes in order to understand what real risks and opportunities are associated with the dissemination of these technologies; calls on the Commission to combine all its effort in order to guarantee an unhindered, socially positive and smoother transition for these technologies from research to commercialisation on the market;

Amendment 156 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Asks the Commission to ~~foster research programmes that include a mechanism for short-term verification of the outcomes in order to understand~~conduct an in-depth research on what real risks and opportunities are associated with the dissemination of these technologies; calls on the Commission and the Member States to combine all its effort in order to ~~guarantee a smoother~~carefully monitor potential future transition for these technologies from research to commercialisation on the market;

Amendment 157 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Asks the Commission to foster research programmes that i~~nclude a mechanism for short-term verification of the outcomes in order to understand what real risks and opportunities are associated with~~mprove cooperation and partnerships between basic research and applied research in order to improve and accelerate the dissemination of these technologies; calls on the Commission to combine all its effort in order to guarantee a smoother transition for these technologies from research to commercialisation on the market;

Amendment 158 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Calls on the Commission to draw up a legal framework to protect the rights of advanced, artificially created entities, whether robots or general artificial intelligences (AI), so as to ensure first and foremost the right of these entities to exist, establishing the conditions under which the existence of such entities may be terminated and, above all, ensuring the right to self-determination for entities that are self-aware or are beginning to be self- aware;

Amendment 159 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Stresses the need to prevent attempts to turn the human in general and the human body in particular into a tool; stresses the need to prohibit definitively any attempt to permanently artificially or genetically develop or enhance existing human abilities with a view to creating more productive meta-humans;

Amendment 16 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas between 2010 and 2014 the average increase in sales of robots stood at 17 % per year and in 2014 sales rose by 29 %, the highest year-on-year increase ever, which is expected to be intensified even further, with automotive parts suppliers and the electrical/electronics industry currently being the main drivers of the growth; whereas annual patent filings for robotics technology have tripled over the last decade;

Amendment 160 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4 a. Notes that the development of artificial intelligence and robotics should be done in such a manner that the environmental impact is limited through effective energy consumption, the use of renewable energy and of scarce materials, and minimal waste and reparability.

Amendment 161 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Considers it essential, in the development of robotics and AI, to guarantee that humans have control over intelligent machines at all times;

Amendment 162 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4b. Calls on the Commission to draw up a legal framework to ensure the legal protection of the intangible creations of these entities within a scope similar to that provided today to the intellectual property of natural persons

Amendment 163 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4b. Considers that when developing new intelligent machines, designers should always include status indicators that provide the user with information in real time, insofar as this is compatible with the design brief;

Amendment 164 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 b (new)

4 b. Calls on the Commission and Member states to stimulate research on the possible long-term risks of artificial intelligence and robotics technologies, and on how they might be mitigated or avoided;

Amendment 165 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 c (new)

4c. Considers that in preservation of the fundamental principle of transparency, and to allow us to understand and be aware at all times of the decisions taken by intelligent machines, any robotic application capable of performing similar tasks to those performed by humans should be equipped with a ‘black box’ which records data on every transaction carried out by the machine, including the logic that contributed to its decisions;

Amendment 166 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 d (new)

4d. Highlights that the algorithms used to programme intelligent machines should be put together in line with a clear and precise code of ethics, which also allows robots capable of learning to respect ethical principles in the tasks they perform;

Amendment 167 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Notes that the potential for empowerment through the use of robotics is nuanced by a set of tensions or risks relating to human safety, privacy, integrity, dignity, autonomy and data ownership, therefore European and international human rights principles must also be considered valid in robotics in order to preserve human dignity and integrity, and since the development of robotics may make humans vulnerable, resulting in potential conflicts between the interests of individuals and society, innovation may only be supported together with the protection of unalienable human rights;

Amendment 168 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Notes that the potential for empowerment of robotics has risks connected with the definition of human nature; notes, in addition, that the potential for empowerment through the use of robotics is nuanced by a set of tensions or risks relating to human safety, privacy, integrity, dignity, autonomy and data ownership; stresses that safeguarding humanity from the above-mentioned risks must be a precondition for the development of robotics;

Amendment 169 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Notes that the potential for empowerment through the use of robotics is nuanced by a set of tensions or risks relating to human safety, freedom, health, privacy, integrity, dignity, autonomy ~~and data ownership~~, personal data protection, data ownership, the freedom to obtain or transfer information, freedom of expression and freedom to conduct a business;

Amendment 17 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas in the short to medium term robotics and AI promise to bring benefits of efficiency and savings, not only in production and commerce, but also in areas such as transport, medical care, security, education ~~and~~, farming and armed forces, while making it possible to avoid exposing humans to dangerous conditions, such as those faced when cleaning up toxically polluted sites; whereas in the longer term there is , in theory, likely potential for virtually unbounded prosperity;

Amendment 170 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Notes that the potential for empowerment through the use of robotics is nuanced by a set of tensions or risks relating to human safety, privacy, integrity, dignity, autonomy, non-discrimination, ethics, security and data ownership;

Amendment 171 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Notes that the potential for empowerment through the use of robotics is nuanced by a set of tensions or risks relating to human safety, privacy, integrity, dignity, autonomy, self-determination and data ownership;

Amendment 172 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Notes that the potential for empowerment through the use of robotics is nuanced by a set of tensions or risks relating to human safety, privacy, confidentiality, integrity, dignity, autonomy and data ownership;

Amendment 173 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Notes that the potential for empowerment through the use of robotics is nuanced by a set of tensions or potential risks relating to human safety, privacy, data protection, integrity, dignity, and autonomy ~~and data ownership~~;

Amendment 174 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Notes that the potential for empowerment through the use of robotics ~~is nuanced by a set of tensions or risks relating~~should be seriously assessed with regard to human safety, privacy, integrity, dignity, autonomy and data ownership;

Amendment 175 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. Stresses that an emotional connection may develop between the human and the robot ‒ particularly in vulnerable groups (children, the elderly and people with disabilities) ‒ and highlights the issues raised by the serious emotional or physical impact that this emotional attachment could have on the human user if the cyber physical system (CPS) is turned off, or if data is lost or deleted;

Amendment 176 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. Notes that to uphold these fundamental rights, ethics committees with special powers should be set up, perhaps as part of a European agency, and those committees should be able to take a holistic approach to the entire robotics research and development ecosystem;

Amendment 177 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6

6. Considers that a guiding ethical framework for the design, production and use of robots is needed to complement the legal recommendations of the report and the existing national and Union acquis; proposes, in the annex to the resolution, a framework in the form of a charter consisting of a code of conduct for robotics engineers, of a code for research ethics committees when reviewing robotics protocols and of model licences for designers and users;

Amendment 178 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6

6. Considers that a guiding ethical framework for the design, production, transport, modification and use of robots is needed to complement the legal recommendations of the report and the existing national and Union acquis; proposes, in the annex to the resolution, a framework in the form of a charter consisting of a code of conduct for robotics engineers, of a code for research ethics committees when reviewing robotics protocols and of model licences for designers and users, respectively;

Amendment 179 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6

6. Considers that a guiding and efficient ethical framework for the design, production, development and use of robots is needed to complement the legal recommendations of the report and the existing national and Union acquis; proposes, in the annex to the resolution, a framework in the form of a charter consisting of a code of conduct for robotics engineers, of a code for research ethics committees when reviewing robotics protocols and of model licences for designers and users;

Amendment 18 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas in the short to medium term robotics and AI promise to bring benefits of efficiency and savings, not only in production and commerce, but also in areas such as transport, medical care, education and farming, while making it possible to avoid exposing humans to dangerous conditions, such as those faced when cleaning up toxically polluted sites; ~~whereas in the longer term there is potential for virtually unbounded prosperity;~~

Amendment 180 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6

6. Considers that a clear and strict guiding ethical framework for the design, production and use of robots is needed to complement the legal recommendations of the report and the existing national and Union acquis; proposes, in the annex to the resolution, a framework in the form of a charter consisting of a code of conduct for robotics engineers, of a code for research ethics committees when reviewing robotics protocols and of model licences for designers and users;

Amendment 181 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6 a (new)

6 a. Highlights the principle of transparency, that it should always be possible to supply the rationale behind any decision taken with the aid of AI that can have a substantive impact on one or more person´s lives; considers that it must always be possible to reduce the AI system´s computations to humanly- comprehensible form;

Amendment 182 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7

7. Points out that the guiding ethical framework should be based on the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and autonomy, as well as on the principles enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, such as human dignity and human rights, equality, justice and equity, non-discrimination and non- stigmatisation, autonomy and individual responsibility, informed consent, privacy and social responsibility, and on existing ethical practices and codes;

Amendment 183 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7

7. Points out that the guiding ethical framework should be based on the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence ~~and~~, autonomy and justice, as well as on the principles enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, such as human dignity and human rights, equality, justice and equity, non-discrimination and non- stigmatisation, autonomy and individual responsibility, informed consent, protection of intellectual property, privacy and social responsibility, and on existing ethical practices and codes;

Amendment 184 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7

7. Points out that the guiding ethical framework should be based on the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and autonomy, ~~as we~~but especially asnd above all on the principles enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, such as human dignity and human rights, equality, justice and equity, non-discrimination and non- stigmatisation, autonomy and individual responsibility, informed consent, privacy and social responsibility, and on existing ethical practices and codes;

Amendment 185 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7

7. Points out that the guiding ethical framework should be based on the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and autonomy, as well as on the principles enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, such as human dignity and human rights, equality, justice and equity, non-discrimination and non- stigmatisation, transparency, autonomy and individual responsibility, informed consent, privacy and social responsibility, and on existing ethical practices and codes;

Amendment 186 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7

7. Points out that the guiding ethical framework should be based on the ~~principles of beneficence, non- maleficence and autonomy~~generally established international and European human rights approach, as well as on the principles enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, such as human dignity and human rights, equality, justice and equity, non-discrimination and non- stigmatisation, autonomy and individual responsibility, informed consent, privacy and social responsibility, and on existing ethical practices and codes;

Amendment 187 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)

7a. Calls on the Member States and the Commission to encourage the initiation of a structured public dialogue on the consequences of developing those technologies as soon as possible; calls on the stakeholders involved in the research and development of the robotics and artificial intelligence sectors to develop a critical approach towards the objects of their research and to feed in to the public dialogue constructively;

Amendment 188 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)

7a. Considers that the use of robotics and AI for the purposes of warfare should be strongly limited and regulated;

Amendment 189 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 b (new)

7b. Considers that special care should be taken in preparing robots or AI to perform tasks in positions of authority, for example performing the functions of the police, prison wardens/guards or security guards, teachers or any other state or civil servant role;

Amendment 19 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas in the short to medium term robotics and AI promise to bring benefits of efficiency and savings, not only in production and commerce, but also in areas such as transport, medical care, education and farming, while making it possible to avoid exposing humans to dangerous conditions, such as those faced when cleaning up toxically polluted sites; ~~whereas in the longer term there is potential for virtually unbounded prosperity;~~

Amendment 190 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 c (new)

7c. Considers that special attention should be paid to the use or creation of anthropomorphised intelligent machines that can forge emotional bonds with man, causing an emotional attachment or deception;

Amendment 191 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 d (new)

7d. Considers that special attention should be paid to robots that represent a significant threat to confidentiality owing to their placement in traditionally protected and private spheres and because they are able to extract and send personal and sensitive data;

Amendment 192 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Kaja KALLAS, Matthijs van MILTENBURG

Motion for a resolution
Subheading 6

~~A European Agency~~deleted

Amendment 193 #

Motion for a resolution
Subheading 6

~~A European Agency~~deleted

Amendment 194 #

Motion for a resolution
Subheading 6

~~A European Agency~~deleted

Amendment 195 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

8. Calls for the creation of a European Agency for robotics and artificial intelligence in order to provide the technical, ethical and regulatory expertise needed to support the relevant public actors, at both EU and Member State level, in their efforts to ensure a timely and well-informed response to the new opportunities and challenges arising from the technological development of robotics;deleted

Amendment 196 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

Amendment 197 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

Amendment 198 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

Amendment 199 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

Amendment 2 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 b (new)

- having regard to Protocol (No 2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality,

Amendment 20 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Kaja KALLAS, Matthijs van MILTENBURG

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas in the short to medium term robotics and AI ~~promise to~~may bring benefits of efficiency and savings, not only in production and commerce, but also in areas such as transport, medical care, rescue & safety, education and farming, while making it possible to avoid exposing humans to dangerous conditions, such as those faced when cleaning up toxically polluted sites; ~~whereas in the longer term there is potential for virtually unbounded prosperity;~~

Amendment 200 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

Amendment 201 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

8. Calls for the creation of a European Agency for robotics and artificial intelligence in order to provide the technical, ethical and regulatory expertise needed to support the relevant public actors, at both EU and Member State level, in their efforts to ensure a timely and well- informed response to the new opportunities and challenges arising from the technological development of robotics; in this respect, the European Agency for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence should manage the registration system for advanced robots, including the register;

Amendment 202 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

8. Calls for the creation of a European Agency, with its headquarters within Greek territory, for robotics and artificial intelligence in order to provide the technical, ethical and regulatory expertise ~~needed to~~and to assist in the exchange of best practice, with a view to providing support to the relevant public actors, with a focus on social well-being, at both EU and Member State level, in their efforts to ensure a timely and well- informed response to the new opportunities and challenges arising from the technological development of robotics;

Amendment 203 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

9. Considers that the potential of robotics use and the present investment dynamics justify the European Agency being equipped with a proper budget and being staffed with regulators and external technical and ethical experts dedicated to the cross-sectorial and multidisciplinary monitoring of robotics-based applications, identifying standards for best practice, and, where appropriate, recommending regulatory measures, defining new principles and addressing potential consumer protection issues and systematic challenges; asks the Commission and the European Agency to report to the European Parliament on the latest developments in robotics on an annual basis;deleted

Amendment 204 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

Amendment 205 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Kaja KALLAS, Matthijs van MILTENBURG

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

Amendment 206 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

Amendment 207 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

Amendment 208 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

9. Considers that the potential of robotics use and the present investment dynamics as well as the possible risks of misguided implementation of the fruits of investment in robotics justify the European Agency being equipped with a proper budget and being staffed with regulators and external technical and ethical experts dedicated to the cross-sectorial and multidisciplinary monitoring of robotics- based applications, identifying standards for best practice, and, where appropriate and with the aim of preventing any emergencies, recommending regulatory measures, defining new principles and addressing potential consumer protection issues and systematic challenges; asks the Commission and the European Agency to report to the European Parliament on the ~~latest~~current situation, trends and potential short-term and medium-term developments in robotics on an annual basis;

Amendment 209 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

9. Considers that the potential of robotics use and the present investment dynamics justify the European Agency being equipped with a proper budget and being staffed with regulators and external technical and ethical experts dedicated to the cross-sectorial and multidisciplinary monitoring of robotics-based applications, identifying standards for best practice, and, where appropriate, recommending regulatory measures, defining new principles and addressing potential consumer protection issues, protection of intellectual property and systematic challenges; asks the Commission and the European Agency to report to the European Parliament on the latest developments in robotics and on any actions that need to be taken on an annual basis;

Amendment 21 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas in the short to medium term robotics and AI promise to bring benefits of efficiency and savings, not only in production and commerce, but also in areas such as transport, medical care, education and farming, while making it possible to avoid exposing humans to dangerous conditions, such as ~~those faced~~ when cleaning up toxically polluted sites; whereas in the longer term there is potential for virtually unbounded prosperity;

Amendment 210 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

9. Considers that the potential of and the problems connected with robotics use and the present investment dynamics justify the European Agency being equipped with a proper budget and being staffed with regulators and external technical and ~~ethic~~, primarily, ethical and moral experts dedicated to the cross-sectorial and multidisciplinary monitoring of robotics- based applications, identifying standards for best practice, and, where appropriate, recommending regulatory measures, defining new principles and addressing potential consumer protection issues and systematic challenges; asks the Commission and the European Agency to report to the European Parliament on the latest developments in robotics on an annual basis;

Amendment 211 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)

9 a. Considers that the European Agency for robotics and artificial intelligence should also be the authority responsible for awarding a certified and controlled "transparency label" to suppliers in order to identify products and services that guarantee data transparency;

Amendment 212 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10

10. Notes that there are no legal provisions that specifically apply to robotics, but that existing legal regimes and doctrines can be readily applied to robotics while some aspects appear to need specific consideration; calls on the Commission to come forward with a balanced approach to intellectual property rights when applied to hardware and software standards, and codes that protect innovation and at the same time foster innovation~~; calls on the Commission to elaborate criteria for an ‘own intellectual creation’ for copyrightable works produced by computers or robots~~, in a context where intellectual property rights can present a risk of preventing access to hardware and software data when such access, especially to source-code, may enable solutions to potentially high and still unknown risks; calls therefore for reinforced exceptions, such as reverse engineering, on computer programmes, not to be overridden by contract;

Amendment 213 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10

10. Notes that there are no legal provisions that specifically apply to robotics, but that existing legal regimes and doctrines can be readily applied to robotics while some aspects appear to need specific consideration; calls on the Commission to come forward with a balanced approach to intellectual property rights when applied to hardware and software standards, and codes that protect innovation and at the same time foster innovation; ~~calls on the Commission to elaborate criteria for an ‘own intellectual creation’ for c~~stresses the importance for the Commission to support open innovation through collaborative research, open standards and open data to avoid lock-in in propyri~~ghtable works produced by computers or robots~~etary systems and maximize the benefits of innovation in Europe ;

Amendment 214 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10

10. Notes that there are no legal provisions that specifically apply to robotics, but that existing legal regimes and doctrines can be readily applied to robotic when the time comes while some aspects appear to need specific consideration; calls on the Commission to come forward with a balanced approach to intellectual property rights when applied to hardware and software standards, and codes that protect innovation and at the same time foster innovation~~; calls on the Commission to elaborate criteria for an ‘own intellectual creation’ for copyrightable works produced by computers or robots~~, only when there is sufficient evidence in terms of technological advancements with robotics and artificial intelligence research supporting such a move;

Amendment 215 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)

10 a. recalls that in the Continental European understanding of authorship, the concept of 'intellectual creation' is tied to the author's personality, meant to apply to natural persons, and therefore artificial agents such as robots and artificial intelligence shall not be considered as authors, and information produced by them shall not be eligible to copyright protection;

Amendment 216 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

11. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure that, in the development of any EU policy on robotics, privacy and data protection guarantees are embedded in line with the principles of necessity and proportionality; calls, in this regard, on the Commission to foster the development of standards for the concepts of privacy by design and privacy by default, informed consent and encryption, and highlights the risks of hacking, switching off or deleting the memories of cyber physical systems (CPS) integrated into human bodies, as this may pose a hazard to human health or, in an extreme case, human lives; therefore it stresses the priority of the protection of such systems;

Amendment 217 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

11. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure that, in the development of any future EU policy on robotics, privacy and data protection guarantees are embedded in line with the principles of necessity and proportionality; ~~calls, in this regard, on the Commission to foster the development of standards for the concepts of privacy by design and privacy by default, informed consent and encryption;~~

Amendment 218 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

Amendment 219 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

11. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure that~~, in the development of any EU policy on robotics, privacy and d~~ civil law regulations in the robotics sector are consistent with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Data pProtection ~~guarantees are embedded~~Regulation)1a in line with the principles of necessity and proportionality; ~~calls, in this regard,~~––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1aRegulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and onf the Co~~mmission to foster the development of standards for the concepts of privacy by design and privacy by default, informed consent and encryption;~~ uncil of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ L 119 of 4 May 2016, p. 1).

Amendment 22 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)

Da. whereas in the long-term, the current trend leans towards developing smart and autonomous machines, with the capacity to think and make decisions independently, holds not only economic advantages but also a variety of concerns regarding their direct and indirect effects on society as a whole;

Amendment 220 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

11. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure that, in the development of any EU policy on robotics, privacy and data protection, including metadata protection, guarantees are embedded in line with the principles of necessity and proportionality; calls, in this regard, on the Commission to foster the development of standards for the concepts of privacy by design and privacy by default, informed consent and encryption;

Amendment 221 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

Amendment 222 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)

11 a. Notes that the collection, processing, storing and analysing of big data – such as through autonomous vehicles – might require a change and further development of the current personal data protection regime;

Amendment 223 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

Amendment 224 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

12. Points out that the ~~use~~provision of pser~~sonal data as a 'currency' with which services can be 'bought'~~vices without payment of money but in exchange of personal data raises new issues in need of clarification; stresses that the use of personal data as a 'currency' must not lead to a circumvention of the ~~basic principles governing the right to privacy and data protection;~~ principles governing the right to privacy and data protection enshrined in Directives of the European Parliament and of the Council 95/46/EC1a and 2002/58/EC1b and with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council1c , and shall abide by the consumer protection principles laid down in Directive on contracts for the supply of digital content (2015/0287); __________________ 1aDirective 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (OJ L 281, 23.11.1995, p. 31). 1bDirective 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on privacy and electronic communications) (OJ L 201, 31.07.2002, p 37), called, as amended by Directives 2006/24/EC and 2009/136/EC, the "e- Privacy Directive". 1cRegulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p. 1).

Amendment 225 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

12. ~~Points out that the use of personal data as a 'currency' with w~~Highlights that the free movement of data is the basis for the digital economy and development in the robotics and AI sector; stresses that hicgh se~~rvices can be 'bought' raises new issues in need of clarification~~curity in the robotics and AI sector, including internal data systems and exchanges of information, is fundamental to the appropriate use of robots and AI; stresses in that ~~the use of personal data as a 'currency' must not lead to a circumvention~~connection, that a high level of security, protection of personal data and due regard for privacy in communication between humans, robots and AI are fundamental; calls ofn the ~~basic principles governing the right to privacy and data protec~~Commission, in that connection, to support the Member States in the corresponding technical implementation;

Amendment 226 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

12. Points out that the use of personal data as a 'currency' with which services can be 'bought' raises new issues in need of clarification; stresses that the use of personal data as a '‘currency'’ must not lead to a circumvention of the basic principles governing the right to privacy and data protection and that individuals always have the right to have a say in the control of their own data, including the principle that a person wearing a device on or in the human body should always be entitled to the right to have a say in the control of the device and the data collected by it;

Amendment 227 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

12. Points out that the use of personal data as a 'currency' with which services can be 'bought' raises new issues in need of clarification; stresses that the use of personal data as a 'currency' must not lead to a circumvention of the basic principles governing the right to privacy and data protection; points out, at the same time, the importance of not preventing the flow of data, both within and outside the EU, as it is a fundamental condition for functioning robotics and artificial intelligence;

Amendment 228 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

Amendment 229 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Kaja KALLAS, Matthijs van MILTENBURG

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

Amendment 23 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)

Da. whereas machine learning offers enormous economic and innovative benefits for society by vastly improving the ability to analyse data, while also raising challenges to ensure non- discrimination, due process, transparency and understandability in decision-making processes;

Amendment 230 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

12. Points out that the use of personal data as a 'currency' with which services can be 'bought' could potentially raises new issues in need of clarification; stresses that the use of personal data as a 'currency' must not lead to a circumvention of the basic principles governing the right to privacy and data protection;

Amendment 231 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12 a (new)

12 a. Considers that algorithms not protected by copyright but protected otherwise, e.g. by trade-secrets, should be subject to the same possibility of reverse- engineering as copyright protected computer programmes; underlines the need for SMEs and non-digital industries to get access to technology in good competition conditions, in view of a swift and balanced development of robotic and artificial intelligence markets;

Amendment 232 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13

13. CHighlights that the issue of setting standards and granting interoperability is key for future competition in the field of artificial intelligence and robotics technologies; calls on the Commission to continue to work on the international harmonisation of technical standards, in particular together with the European Standardisation Organisations and the International Standardisation Organisation, in order to avoid fragmentation of the internal market and to meet consumers’ concerns; asks the Commission to analyse existing European legislation with a view to checking the need for adaption in light of the development of robotics and artificial intelligence, in particular in light of a future dedicated registration system;

Amendment 233 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13

13. Calls on the Commission to continue to work on the international harmonisation of technical standards, in particular together with the European Standardisation Organisations and the International Standardisation Organisation, in order to avoid fragmentation of the internal market and to meet consumers’ concerns; asks the Commission to analyse existing European legislation with a view to checking the need for adaption in light of the development of robotics and artificial intelligence; stresses the importance of open standards, including open source software and open source hardware to maximize the value of innovation and to ensure that robots can communicate with each other;

Amendment 234 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13

13. Calls on the Commission to continue to work on the international harmonisation of technical standards, in particular together with the European Standardisation Organisations and the International Standardisation Organisation, in order to avoid fragmentation of the internal market ~~and to meet consumers’ concerns~~, to meet consumers’ concerns, to support the practical implementation of research developments under secure conditions and to highlight the competitive advantages of the European robotics industry; asks the Commission to analyse existing European legislation with a view to checking the need for adaption in light of the development of robotics and artificial intelligence;

Amendment 235 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13

13. Calls on the Commission to continue to work on the international harmonisation of technical standards, in particular together with the European Standardisation Organisations and the International Standardisation Organisation, in order to avoid fragmentation of the internal market and to meet consumers’ concernarefully consider the secondary effects on innovation when assessing the harmonisation of technical standards; asks the Commission to carefully analyse existing European legislation with a view to checking the need for adaption and modernisation in certain areas in light of the development of robotics and artificial intelligence;

Amendment 236 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14

14. Emphasises that testing robots in real-life scenarios is essential for the identification and assessment of the risks they might entail, as well as of their technological development beyond a pure experimental laboratory phase; underlines, in this regard, that testing of robots in real- life scenarios, in particular in cities and on roads, raises numerous problems ~~and requires an effective monitoring mechanism; calls on the Commission to draw up uniform criteria across all Member States which individual Member States should use in order to identify a~~, encounters numerous barriers that slow down the development of these testing phases and requireas ~~where experiments with robots are permitted~~an effective monitoring mechanism;

Amendment 237 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14

14. Emphasises that testing robots in real-life scenarios is essential for the identification and assessment of the risks they might entail, as well as of their technological development beyond a pure experimental laboratory phase; underlines, in this regard, that testing of robots in real- life scenarios, in particular in cities and on roads, raises numerous problems and requires an effective monitoring mechanism; calls on the Commission to draw up uniform criteria across all Member States which individual Member States should use in order to identify areas where experiments with robots are permitted, in compliance with the precautionary principle;

Amendment 238 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14

14. Emphasises that testing robots in real-life scenarios is essential for the identification and assessment of the risks they might entail, as well as of their technological development beyond a pure experimental laboratory phase; underlines, in this regard, that even though it is necessary, testing of robots in real- life scenarios, in particular in cities and on roads, raises problems and a large number~~ous problem~~ of issues and requires an effective monitoring mechanism; calls on the Commission to draw up uniform criteria across all Member States which individual Member States should use in order to identify areas where experiments with robots are permitted;

Amendment 239 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Matthijs van MILTENBURG, Kaja KALLAS

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15

15. Considers that the automotive sector is in most urgent need of European and global rules to ensure the cross-border development of automated and autonomous vehicles so as to fully exploit their economic potential and benefit from the positive effects of technological trends; emphasises that fragmented regulatory approaches would hinder implementation and jeopardise European competitiveness and calls therefore on the Commission to ensure that the Member States seamlessly standardise existing legislation, such as the Vienna Convention; notes that although current private international law rules on traffic accidents applicable within the EU do not need urgent modification to accommodate the development of autonomous vehicles, simplifying the current dual system for defining applicable law (based on Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council4 and the 1971 Hague Convention on the law applicable to traffic accidents) would improve legal certainty and limit possibilities for forum shopping; __________________ 4 Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to non- contractual obligations (Rome II) (OJ L 199 of 31/07/2007, p. 40).

Amendment 24 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital D b (new)

Db. whereas similarly, assessments of economic shifts and the impact on employment as a result of robotics and machine learning need to be assessed;

Amendment 240 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15

15. Considers that a number of industrial sectors, and primarily the automotive sector is in most urgent need of European and global rules to ensure the cross-border development of automated vehicles so as to fully exploit their economic potential and benefit from the positive effects of technological trends; emphasises that fragmented regulatory approaches would probably hinder implementation and perhaps jeopardise European competitiveness, but could provide useful lessons; notes that although current private international law rules on traffic accidents applicable within the EU do not need urgent modification to accommodate the development of autonomous vehicles, simplifying the current dual system for defining applicable law (based on Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council4 and the 1971 Hague Convention on the law applicable to traffic accidents) would improve legal certainty and limit possibilities for forum shopping; __________________ 4 Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to non- contractual obligations (Rome II) (OJ L 199, 31.7.2007, p. 40).

Amendment 241 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15

15. Considers that the automotive sector is in most urgent need of European and global efficient rules to ensure the cross-border development of automated vehicles so as to fully exploit their economic potential and benefit from the positive effects of technological trends; emphasises that fragmented regulatory approaches would hinder implementation and jeopardise European competitiveness; notes that although current private international law rules on traffic accidents applicable within the EU do not need urgent modification to accommodate the development of autonomous vehicles, simplifying the current dual system for defining applicable law (based on Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council4 and the 1971 Hague Convention on the law applicable to traffic accidents) would improve legal certainty and limit possibilities for forum shopping; __________________ 4 Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to non- contractual obligations (Rome II) (OJ L 199, 31.7.2007, p. 40).

Amendment 242 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15

15. Considers that the automotive sector is inthe most ~~urgent need of European and global rules to ensure the cross- border~~advanced sector in terms of development of automated vehicles so as to fully exploit their economic potential and benefit from the positive effects of technological trends; ~~emphasises that fragmented regulatory approaches would hinder implementation and jeopardise European competitiveness;~~ notes that although current private international law rules on traffic accidents applicable within the EU do not need urgent modification to accommodate the development of autonomous vehicles, simplifying the current dual system for defining applicable law (based on Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council4 and the 1971 Hague Convention on the law applicable to traffic accidents) wcould improve legal certainty and limit possibilities for forum shopping; calls on the Commission to conduct an in- depth study of potential areas where the current legal framework could benefit from a targeted modernization approach; __________________ 4 Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to non- contractual obligations (Rome II) (OJ L 199, 31.7.2007, p. 40).

Amendment 243 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15 a (new) (before heading ‘Care robots’)

15a. setting aside its positive impact on road safety, fuel consumption, the environment and the creation of new employment opportunities in the telecommunication and automotive sectors, the switch to automated vehicles might also lead to job losses in the transport sector and have consequences on the insurance sector, and these factors must therefore be taken into account;

Amendment 244 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15 a (new)

15a. calls on the Commission, the Member States and industry to implement the goals from the Amsterdam Declaration on cooperation in the networked and automated driving sector as quickly as possible in order to remove the existing barriers to their cross-border application;

Amendment 245 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Kaja KALLAS, Matthijs van MILTENBURG

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15 a (new)

15a. Stresses the need to ensure a high level of security for the sharing of data in all forms of transport, between automated vehicles and transport infrastructure, that will be capable of securely transmitting large volumes of data;

Amendment 246 #

Motion for a resolution
Subheading 10

~~Care robots~~deleted

Amendment 247 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Kaja KALLAS, Matthijs van MILTENBURG

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16

~~16. Points out that human contact is one of the fundamental aspects of human care; believes that replacing the human factor with robots could dehumanise caring practices;~~deleted

Amendment 248 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16

~~16. Points out that human contact is one of the fundamental aspects of human care; believes that replacing the human factor with robots could dehumanise caring practices;~~deleted

Amendment 249 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16

16. Points out that human contact is one of the fundamental aspects of human care and the manifestation and expression of human nature and dignity; believes that fully replacing the human factor with robots could dehumanise caring practices, would constitute a blow to the priorities and principles which govern the operation of medical and social care and would cast doubt upon the excellence of European practices, with care recipients having the ethical right to question the quality and value of the care provided;

Amendment 25 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas at the same time the development of robotics and AI may result in a large part of the work now done by humans being taken over by robots without fully replenishing the lost jobs, so raising concerns about the future of employment ~~and~~ the viability of social welfare and security systems and the continued lag in pension contributions, if the current basis of taxation is maintained, creating the potential for increased inequality in the distribution of wealth and influence, while, for the preservation of social cohesion and prosperity, the likelihood of levying tax on the work performed by a robot or a fee for using and maintaining a robot should be examined in the context of funding the support and retraining of unemployed workers whose jobs have been reduced or eliminated;

Amendment 250 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16

16. Points out that human contact is one of the fundamental aspects of human care; believes that replacing the human factor with robots ~~could~~may never dehumanise caring practices; calls for minimum application of robotics in order to not allow for a replacement of skilled labour force and a threat to basic human interaction and the risk of dehumanisation;

Amendment 251 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16

16. Points out that human contact is one of the fundamental aspects of human care and must be preserved; believes that replacing the human factor with robots could dehumanise caring practices, the undesirable effects of which must be avoided to ensure that robotic technologies actually improve the quality of human lives;

Amendment 252 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16

16. Points out that human contact is one of the fundamental aspects of human care; believes that replacing the human factor with robots could dehumanise caring practices, on the other hand, recognises that robots could support performing automated tasks of care and could facilitate the work of care assistants;

Amendment 253 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16

16. Points out that human contact is one of the fundamental aspects of human care; believes that replacing the human factor with robots could dehumanise caring practices, and that it is therefore not legitimate;

Amendment 254 #

Victor NEGRESCU

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16

16. Points out that human contact is one of the fundamental aspects of human care; believes that r~~eplacing the human factor with robots could dehumanis~~obotics can bring about value added to the human factor, helping to improve caring practices;

Amendment 255 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17

17. Underlines the importance of appropriate training and preparation for doctors and care assistants in order to secure the highest degree of professional competence possible, as well as to protect patients' health; underlines the need to define the minimum professional requirements that a surgeon must meet in order to be allowed to use surgical robots; emphasises the special importance of training for users to allow them to familiarise themselves with the technological requirements in this field; draws attention to the rising trend towards self-diagnosis using a mobile robot which makes diagnoses and might take over the role of a doctor;

Amendment 256 #

Therese COMODINI CACHIA, Michał BONI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17

17. Underlines the importance of appropriate training and preparation for doctors and ~~care assistants~~all medical staff, in order to secure the highest degree of professional competence possible, as well as tofor the safety and protection of patients' health; in this context, calls on the Commission and the European Agency for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence to take all measures deemed necessary; underlines the need to define the minimum professional requirements that a surgeon must meet in order to be allowed to use surgical robots; emphasises the special importance of training for users to allow them to familiarise themselves with the technological requirements in this field; draws attention to the rising trend towards self-diagnosis using a mobile robot which makes diagnoses and might take over the role of a doctor;

Amendment 257 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17

17. Underlines the importance of appropriate training and preparation for doctors and care assistants in order to secure the highest degree of professional competence possible, as well as to protect patients' health; underlines the need to define the minimum professional requirements that a surgeon must meet in order to ~~be allowed to~~operate or use surgical robots; emphasises the special importance of training for users to allow them to familiarise themselves with the technological requirements in this field; draws attention to the rising trend towards self-diagnosis using a mobile robot which 'which makes diagnoses and ~~might take over~~consequently of the need for doctors to be trained in dealing with self-diagnosed cases, with the use of these mobile robots and with developments the use of these mobile robots bring to the role of a doctors;

Amendment 258 #

Tadeusz ZWIEFKA, Michał BONI, Therese COMODINI CACHIA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17

17. Underlines the importance of appropriate training and preparation for doctors and care assistants in order to secure the highest degree of professional competence possible, as well as to protect patients' health; underlines the need to define the minimum professional requirements that a surgeon must meet in order to be allowed to use surgical robots; emphasises the special importance of training for users to allow them to familiarise themselves with the technological requirements in this field; draws attention to the ~~rising trend towards~~growing risk of self- diagnosis using a mobile robot which makes diagnoses ~~and might take over the role of a doctor~~;

Amendment 259 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 a (new)

17 a. Believes that medicine robots continue to make inroads into the provision of high accuracy surgery and in performing repetitive procedures. They have the potential to improve outcomes in rehabilitation, and provide highly effective logistics support within hospitals;

Amendment 26 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Matthijs van MILTENBURG, Kaja KALLAS

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas at the same time the development of robotics and AI may result in a large part of the work now done by humans being taken over by robots, so raising concerns about the future of employment and the viability of social security systems if the current basis of taxation is maintained, creating the potential for increased inequality in the distribution of wealth and influence; widespread use of robots might not automatically lead to job replacement, but lower skilled jobs in labour-intensive sectors are likely to be more vulnerable to automation; whereas this trend could bring production processes back to the EU; whereas research has demonstrated that employment grows significantly faster in occupations that use computers more; whereas the automation of jobs has the potential to liberate people from manual monotone labour allowing them to shift direction towards more creative and meaningful tasks; whereas automation requires governments to invest in education and other reforms in order to improve reallocations in the types of skills that the workers of tomorrow will need;

Amendment 260 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18

18. Notes the great advances delivered by and further potential of robotics in the field of repairing and compensating for damaged organs and human functions, but also the complex questions raised in particular by the possibilities of human enhancement; asks for the establishment of committees on robot ethics in hospitals and other health care institutions tasked with considering and assisting in resolving unusual, complicated ethical problems involving issues that affect the care and treatment of patients; recommends the creation of independent trusted entities to retain the means necessary to provide persons carrying vital and advanced medical appliances with care, such as maintenance, repairs and enhancements, including software updates fixing malfunctions and vulnerabilities, especially in the case where such maintenance is no longer carried out by the original supplier; suggests creating an obligation for manufacturers to supply these independent trusted entities with comprehensive design instructions including source code, similar to the legal deposit of publications to a national library; calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop guidelines to aid in the establishment and functioning of such committees and entities;

Amendment 261 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18

18. Notes the great potential of robotics in the field of repairing and compensating for damaged organs and human functions, but also the complex questions raised in particular by the possibilities of human enhancement, with confirmation, in parallel, of a prohibition on eugenic practices and a complete ban on the conversion of the human body and/or parts of it into a source of direct or indirect profit; asks for the establishment of committees on robot ethics in hospitals and other health care institutions tasked with considering and assisting in resolving unusual, complicated ethical problems involving issues that affect the care and treatment of patients; calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop guidelines to aid in the establishment and functioning of such committees within specific frameworks and with specific responsibilities and well- defined target outcomes for patients or sufferers;

Amendment 262 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18

18. Notes the great potential of robotics in the field of repairing and compensating for damaged organs and human functions, but also the complex questions raised in particular by the possibilities of human enhancement, as they may fundamentally change our concepts about the healthy human body, particularly in the case of cyber physical systems (CPS) that can be worn directly on the human body or implanted in the human body; asks for the establishment of committees on robot ethics in hospitals and other health care institutions tasked with considering and assisting in resolving unusual, complicated ethical problems involving issues that affect the care and treatment of patients; calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop guidelines to aid in the establishment and functioning of such committees;

Amendment 263 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18

18. Notes the ~~great potential~~ambiguity of robotics in the field of repairing and compensating for damaged organs and human functions, ~~but also the~~especially over complex questions raised in particular by the possibilities of human enhancement; ~~asks for th~~recommends the future establishment of committees on robot ethics in hospitals and other health care institutions tasked with considering and assisting in resolving unusual, complicated ethical problems involving issues that affect the care and treatment of patients; ~~calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop guidelines to aid in the establishment and functioning of such committees;~~

Amendment 264 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18

18. Notes the great potential of robotics in the field of repairing and compensating for damaged organs and human functions, but also the complex questions raised in particular by the possibilities of human enhancement; asks for the establishment of appropriately staffed committees on robot ethics in hospitals and other health care institutions tasked with considering and assisting in resolving unusual, complicated ethical problems involving issues that affect the care and treatment of patients; calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop guidelines to aid in the establishment and functioning of such committees;

Amendment 265 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18

18. Notes the great potential of robotics in the field of repairing and compensating for damaged organs and human functions, but also the complex questions raised in particular by the possibilities of human enhancement; ~~asks for the~~underlines the importance of establish~~ment of~~ing committees on robot ethics in hospitals and other health care institutions tasked with considering and assisting in resolving unusual, complicated ethical problems involving issues that affect the care and treatment of patients; calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop guidelines to aid in the establishment and functioning of such committees;

Amendment 266 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18

18. Notes the great potential of robotics in the field of repairing and compensating for damaged organs and human functions, but also the complex questions raised in particular by the possibilities of human enhancement; ~~asks for~~urges the establishment of committees on robot ethics in hospitals and other health care institutions tasked with considering and assisting in resolving unusual, complicated ethical problems involving issues that affect the care and treatment of patients; calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop guidelines to aid in the establishment and functioning of such committees;

Amendment 267 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18 a (new) (before heading ‘Drones (RPAS)’)

18a. It should be a basic principle that nobody can be discriminated against because a cyber physical system (CPS) or another enabling technology is an integral part of their body, whether the smart technology has been implanted in the human body to treat a condition, compensate for a disability or improve the capabilities of the human body; in this respect, questions must be answered regarding the point at which humans cease to be humans and become robots, which may result in human rights being conferred on robots; research should be carried out to determine whether there is a difference between the rights of a robotic human (i.e. integrated with cyber physical systems) and those of a human robot (for example, the capacity to learn, feel emotions and potentially become conscious);

Amendment 268 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19

19. Stresses the importance of a ~~European framework for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) to protect the safety, security and privacy of EU citizens,~~structured dialogue both on national and European level for the advantages and risks with remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) and calls on the Commission for a follow- up to the recommendations of the European Parliament resolution of 29 October 2015 on safe use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in the field of civil aviation5 ; ~~__________________ 5~~recommends, that this issue be dealt with separately, due to the variety of topics affected and the fact, that this type of system already applies the 'dual-use' provisions; __________________ 5 Texts adopted, P8_TA(2015)0390. Texts adopted, P8_TA(2015)0390.

Amendment 269 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19

19. Stresses the importance of a European framework for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) to protect the safety, security and privacy of EU citizens, and calls on the Commission for a follow- up to the recommendations of the European Parliament resolution of 29 October 2015 on safe use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in the field of civil aviation5; __________________ 5 Texts adopted, P8_TA(2015)0390.

Amendment 27 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas over the past 200 years employment figures had persistently increased due to the technological development; whereas the development of robotics and AI may have the potential of job creation; whereas at the same time the development of robotics and AI may result in a large part of the work now done by humans being taken over by robots, so raising concerns about the future of employment and the viability of social security systems if the current basis of taxation is maintained, creating the potential for increased inequality in the distribution of wealth and influence;

Amendment 270 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19

19. Stresses the importance of a European framework for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) to protect the safety, security and privacy of EU citizens, and calls on the Commission for a follow- up to the recommendations of the European Parliament resolution of 29 October 2015 on safe use and development of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in the field of civil aviation5; __________________ 5 Texts adopted, P8_TA(2015)0390.

Amendment 271 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19

19. Stresses the importance of a European framework for ~~remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS)~~the use of drones to protect the safety, security and privacy of EU citizens, and calls on the Commission for a follow- up to the recommendations of the European Parliament resolution of 29 October 2015 on safe use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in the field of civil aviation5 ; __________________ 5 Texts adopted, P8_TA(2015)0390. Texts adopted, P8_TA(2015)0390.

Amendment 272 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20

20. Draws attention to the Commission's forecast that by 2020 Europe might be facing a shortage of up to 825 000 ICT professionals and that 90 % of jobs will require at least basic digital skills; welcomes the Commission’s initiative of proposing a roadmap for the possible use and revision of a Digital Competence framework and descriptors of Digital Competences for all levels of learners; stresses the importance of the flexibility of skills and emphasises the importance of life skills and social skills in education; is certain that, in addition to schools teaching academic knowledge, children need to acquire critical thinking skills to be able to question and creative skills to be able to put ideas into action, and that people need to engage in lifelong learning and put what they learn into practice throughout their lives; stresses that digital competences need to be part of the basic curriculum;

Amendment 273 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20

Amendment 274 #

Tadeusz ZWIEFKA, Christian EHLER, Michał BONI, Therese COMODINI CACHIA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20

Amendment 275 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 a (new)

20 a. Strongly believes that in the medium term robotics technology will have a far more influential effect on the competitiveness of non -manufacturing industries such as agriculture, transport, healthcare, security and utilities;

Amendment 276 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21

21. Considers that getting more young women interested in a digital career and placing more women in digital jobs would benefit the digital industry, women themselves and Europe's economy; calls on the Commission and the Member States to launch initiatives in order to support women in ICT and to boost their e-skills;deleted

Amendment 277 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21

21. Considers that getting more young women interested in a digital career and placing more women in digital jobs would benefit the digital industry, women themselves and Europe's economy, particularly with regard to how this increases the options for distance working and supports motherhood in combination with the maintenance of a decent income and contribution to the economy, demographic well-being and locality; calls on the Commission and the Member States to launch initiatives in order to support women in ICT and to boost their e-skills;

Amendment 278 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21

21. Considers that getting more young women interested in a digital career ~~and placing more women in digital jobs~~ would benefit the digital industry, women themselves and Europe's economy; calls on the Commission and the Member States to launch initiatives in order to support women in ICT and to boost their e-skills;

Amendment 279 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22

22. Calls on the Commission to start monitoring job trends more closely, with a special focus on the creation and loss of jobs in the different fields/areas of qualification ~~in order to know in which fields jobs are being created and those in which jobs are being destroyed as a result of the increased use of robots~~and on their effects on lost revenue in social security systems, considering that the development of robotics is often co-financed from EU funds, in order to know in which fields jobs are being created and those in which jobs are being destroyed as a result of the increased use of robots; taking into account, in particular, that the probability of employees with low qualifications becoming unemployed is higher and their retraining may encounter difficulties owing to failures in their educational grounding;

Amendment 28 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

Amendment 280 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22

22. Calls on the Commission to start monitoring job trends more closely, with a special focus on the creation ~~and~~, displacement or loss of jobs in the different fields/areas of qualification, in order to know in which fields jobs are being created and those in which jobs are being destroyed as a result of the increased use of robots; stresses that the growth in robotics requires member states to develop more flexible training and education systems to ensure skill strategies match the needs of the robots economy;

Amendment 281 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22

22. Calls on the Commission to start monitoring job trends more closely, with a special focus on the creation and evaluation of loss of jobs in the different fields/areas of qualification in order to know in which fields jobs are being created and those in which jobs are being destroyed as a result of the increased use of robots, with a view to taking measures for development or enhancement, as appropriate;

Amendment 282 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22

22. Calls on the Commission to start monitoring medium-term and long-term job trends more closely, with a special focus on the creation and loss of jobs in the different fields/areas of qualification in order to know in which fields jobs are being created and those in which jobs are being destroyed as a result of the increased use of robots;

Amendment 283 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22

22. Calls on the Commission to ~~start monitoring~~analyse job trends more closely, with a special focus on the creation and loss of jobs in the different fields/areas of qualification in order to know in which fields jobs are being created and those in which jobs are being destroyed as a result of the increased use of robots;

Amendment 284 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

23. Bearing in mind the effects that the development and deployment of robotics and AI might have on employment and, consequently, on the viability of the social security systems of the Member States, consideration should be given to the possible need to introduce corporate reporting requirements on the extent and proportion of the contribution of robotics and AI to the economic results of a company for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions; takes the view that in the light of the possible effects on the labour market of robotics and AI a general basic income should be seriously considered, and invites all Member States to do so;deleted

Amendment 285 #

Tadeusz ZWIEFKA, Christian EHLER, Michał BONI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

23. Bearing in mind the effects that the development and deployment of robotics and AI might have on employment and, consequently, on the viability of the social security systems of the Member States, consideration should be given to the possible need to introduce corporate reporting requirements on the extent and proportion of the contribution of robotics and AI to the economic results of a company for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions; takes the view that in the light of the possible effects on the labour market of robotics and AI a general basic income should be seriously considered, and invites all Member States to do so;deleted

Amendment 286 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

23. Bearing in mind the effects that the development and deployment of robotics and AI might have on employment and, consequently, on the viability of the social security systems of the Member States, consideration should be given to the possible need to introduce corporate reporting requirements on the extent and proportion of the contribution of robotics and AI to the economic results of a company for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions; takes the view that in the light of the possible effects on the labour market of robotics and AI a general basic income should be seriously considered, and invites all Member States to do so;deleted

Amendment 287 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

23. Bearing in mind the effects that the development and deployment of robotics and AI might have on employment and, consequently, on the viability of the social security systems of the Member States, consideration should be given to the possible need to introduce corporate reporting requirements on the extent and proportion of the contribution of robotics and AI to the economic results of a company for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions; takes the view that in the light of the possible effects on the labour market of robotics and AI a general basic income should be seriously considerTakes the view that the effects that robotics and AI might have on the labour market should be studied, and invites all Member States to do so;

Amendment 288 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

23. Bearing in mind the effects that the development and deployment of robotics and AI might have on employment and, consequently, on the viability of the social security systems of the Member States, consideration should be given to the possible need to introduce corporate reporting requirements on the extent and proportion of the contribution of robotics and AI to the economic results of a company for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions; takes the view that in the light of the possible effects on the labour market of robotics and AI a general basic income should be seriously considered, and invites all Member States to do so;

Amendment 289 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

23. Bearing in mind the effects that the development and deployment of robotics and AI might have on employment and, consequently, on the viability of the social security systems of the Member States, consideration should be given to the possible need to introduce corporate reporting requirements on the extent and proportion of the contribution of robotics and AI to the economic results of a company for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions; takes the view that in the light of the possible effects on thTakes the view that in the light of the possible effects on the labour market of robotics and AI, an inclusive debate labou~~r market of robotics and AI~~t a general basic income should be s~~eriously consider~~tarted, and invites all Member States and other stakeholders to do so;

Amendment 29 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

Amendment 290 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

Amendment 291 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

23. Bearing in mind the effects that the development and deployment of robotics and AI might have on employment and, consequently, on the viability of the social security systems of the Member States, an answer must be found to the question of how it is possible to create new and sustainable social security systems; furthermore, consideration should be given to the possible need to introduce corporate reporting requirements on the extent and proportion of the contribution of robotics and AI to the economic results of a company for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions; takes the view that in the light of the possible effects on the labour market of robotics and AI ~~the introduction of a general basic income must be seriously considered, and invites all Member States to do so~~, in a situation when no human work is needed in traditional structures (working and lifestyle routine). what further conditions are required in addition to financial security to ensure that humans remain healthy (mental and physical well- being), happy and active must be seriously assessed;

Amendment 292 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

23. Bearing in mind the effects that the development and deployment of robotics and AI might have on employment and, consequently, on the viability of the social security systems of the Member States, consideration should be given to the possible need to introduce corporate reporting requirements on the extent and proportion of the contribution of robotics and AI to the economic results of a company for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions; believes that the adjustment of commercial employers’ contributions is a necessary precondition for the support of pension insurance capital and the re-training of surplus staff for other jobs at a level similar to that of the jobs they have lost because of the use of automated robotic jobs; takes the view that in the light of the possible effects on the labour market of robotics and AI a general basic income should be seriously considered, and invites all Member States to do so;

Amendment 293 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

Amendment 294 #

Tadeusz ZWIEFKA, Christian EHLER, Michał BONI, Therese COMODINI CACHIA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

23. Bearing in mind the effects that the development and ~~deployment~~use of robotics and AI might have on employment and, consequently, on the viability of the social security systems of the Member States and on national economies, consideration should be given to the possible need to introduce corporate reporting requirements on the extent and proportion of the contribution of robotics and AI to the economic results of a company for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions, in compliance with the principle of proportionality; takes the view that in the light of the possible effects on the labour market of robotics and AI the possibility of establishing a general basic income should be ~~seriously consider~~analysed, and invites all Member States to do so;

Amendment 295 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23 a (new)

23a. Calls on the Commission to develop an analysis of the employment challenges and structural opportunities inherent in constant technological growth, and to accompany such growth with a suitable legislative framework which is easy to keep up-to-date;

Amendment 296 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23 b (new)

23b. Highlights the importance of foreseeing changes to society following the new industrial revolution in robotics, and the need to start considering changing the working hours/income paradigm, creating new employment sustainability models, including through the introduction of a minimum citizens’ income;

Amendment 297 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24

24. Considers that robots' civil liability is a crucial issue which needs to be addressed at EU level so as to ensure the same degree of transparency, consistency and legal certainty throughout the European Union for the benefit of consumers and businesses alikethe question of the possibility to grant civil liability to robots should be in depth analysed and consulted with all interested and relevant stakeholders;

Amendment 298 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24

24. Considers that robots' and artificial intelligence's civil liability is a crucial issue which needs to be addressed at EU level so as to ensure the same degree of transparency, consistency and legal certainty throughout the European Union for the benefit of consumers and businesses alike;

Amendment 299 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24

24. Considers that robots’ civil liability is a crucial issue which needs to be addressed at EU level so as to ensure the same degree of efficiency, transparency, consistency, implementation and legal certainty throughout the European Union for the benefit of consumers and businesses alike;

Amendment 3 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 2 a (new)

- having regard to the Product Liability Directive 85/374/EEC ;

Amendment 30 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas at the same time the investments in innovation and the development of robotics and AI may result in a large part of the work now done by humans being taken over by robots, so raising concerns about the future of employment and retraining and the viability of social security systems if the current basis of taxation is maintained, creating the potential for increased inequality in the hierarchy of social classes and the distribution of wealth and influence;

Amendment 300 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24

24. Considers that robots' civil liability is a crucial issue which needs to be addressed at EU level so as to ensure the same degree of transparency, consistency and legal certainty throughout the European Union for the benefit of consumers ~~and~~, citizens, businesses a~~like~~nd Member States;

Amendment 301 #

Tadeusz ZWIEFKA, Michał BONI, Therese COMODINI CACHIA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24

24. Considers that robots' civil liability is a crucial issue which will needs to be addressed at EUall levels so as to ensure the same degree of future transparency, consistency and legal certainty throughout the European Union for the benefit of consumers and businesses alike;

Amendment 302 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24 a (new)

24 a. Notes that development of robotics technology will require more understanding for the common ground needed around joint human-robot activity, which should be based on two core interdependence relationships as predictability and directability; points out that these two interdependence relationships are crucial for determining what information need to be shared between humans and robots and how a common basis between humans and robots can be achieved in order to enable smooth human-robot joint action;

Amendment 303 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25

Amendment 304 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25

25. Asks the Commission to submit, on the basis of Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, a proposal for a legislative instrument on legal questions related to the development of robotics and artificial intelligence foreseeable in the next 10-15 years, following the detailed recommendations set out in the annex hereto; further calls on the Commission, once technological developments allow the possibility for robots whose degree of autonomy is higher than what is reasonably predictable at present to be developed, to propose an update of the relevant legislation in due timeonce the maturity of technological development of autonomous robots require for the regulatory framework to be adapted, combined with non -legislative instruments such as guidelines and codes of conduct as referred to in recommendations set out in the annex hereto;

Amendment 305 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25

25. Asks the Commission to submit, on the basis of Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, a ~~proposal for a legislative instrument~~n in- depth analysis on legal questions related to the development of robotics and artificial intelligence foreseeable in the next 10-15 years, ~~following the detailed recommendations set out in the annex hereto~~; further calls on the Commission, once technological developments allow the possibility for robots whose degree of autonomy is higher than what is reasonably predictable at present to be developed, to propose an update of the relevant legislation in due time;

Amendment 306 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25

25. Asks the Commission to submit, on the basis of Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, a proposal for a legislative instrument on legal questions related to the development and use of robotics and artificial intelligence foreseeable in the next 10-15 years, following the detailed recommendations set out in the annex hereto; further calls on the Commission, once technological developments allow the possibility for robots whose degree of autonomy is higher than what is reasonably predictable at present to be developed, to propose an update of the relevant legislation ~~in due tim~~as soon as possible;

Amendment 307 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25

25. Asks the Commission to submit, on the basis of Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, a proposal for a legislative instrument on legal questions related to the development of robotics and artificial intelligence foreseeable in the next 10-15 years, ~~following~~taking into consideration the detailed recommendations set out in the annex hereto; further calls on the Commission, once technological developments allow the possibility for robots whose degree of autonomy is higher than what is reasonably predictable at present to be developed, to propose an update of the relevant legislation in due time;

Amendment 308 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 26

26. Considers that, whatever legal solution it applies to robots' liability in cases other than those of damage to property, the future legislative instrument should in no way restrict the type or the extent of the damages which may be recovered, nor should it limit the forms of compensation which may be offered to the aggrieved party, on the sole grounds that damage is caused by a non-human agent;deleted

Amendment 309 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 26

Amendment 31 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas at the same time the development of robotics and AI may result in a large part of the work now done by humans, not only manual but also intellectual work, being taken over by robots, so raising concerns about the future of employment and the viability of social security systems if the current basis of taxation is maintained, creating the potential for increased inequality in the distribution of wealth and influence;

Amendment 310 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27

27. Considers that the future legislative instrument should provide for the application of strict liability as a rule, thus requiring only proof that damage has occurred and the establishment of a causal link between the harmful behaviour of the robot and the damage suffered by the injured party;deleted

Amendment 311 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27

Amendment 312 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27

27. Considers that the future legislative instrument should ~~provide for the application of strict liability as a rule, thus requiring only proof that damage has occurred and~~be based on an in-depth evaluation by the Commission defining whether the est~~ablishment of a causal link between the harmful behaviour of the robot and the damage suffered by the injured party~~rict liability or the risk management approach should be applied;

Amendment 313 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27

27. Considers that the future legislative instrument should provide for the application of strict liability as a rule, thus requiring only proof, within the context of necessity and proportionality, that damage has occurred and the establishment of a causal link between the harmful behaviour of the robot and the damage suffered by the injured party;

Amendment 314 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27 a (new)

27a. Notes at the same time that strict liability requires only proof that damage has occurred and the establishment of a causal link between the harmful functioning of the robot and the damage suffered by the injured party;

Amendment 315 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27 b (new)

27b. Notes that the risk management approach does not focus on the person "who acted negligently" as individually liable but on the person who is able, under certain circumstances, to minimize risks and deal with negative impact;

Amendment 316 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28

Amendment 317 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28

Amendment 318 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28

Amendment 319 #

Tadeusz ZWIEFKA, Christian EHLER, Michał BONI, Therese COMODINI CACHIA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28

28. Considers that, in principle, once the ultimately responsible parties have been identified, their liability would be proportionate to the actual level of instructions given to the robot and of its autonomy, so that the greater a robot's learning capability or autonomy is, the lower other parties' responsibility should be, and the longer a robot's 'education' has lasted, the greater the responsibility of its 'teacher' should be; notes, in particular, that skills resulting from '‘education'’ given to a robot should be not confused with skills depending strictly on its self-learning abilities when seeking to identify the person to whom the robot'’s harmful behaviour is actually due; highlights, at the same time, that in the case of robots capable of independent learning, it is difficult to draw a line up to which the robot is no longer executing pre- programmed instructions, but is making independent decisions; therefore, this issue must be examined further as developments take place;

Amendment 32 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

Amendment 320 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28

28. Considers that, in principle, once the ultimately responsible parties have been identified, their liability wshould be proportionate to the actual level of instructions given to the robot and of its autonomy, so that the greater a robot's learning capability or autonomy is, the lower other parties' responsibility should be, and the longer a robot's 'education' has lasted, the greater the responsibility of its 'teacher' should be; notes, in particular, that skills resulting from 'education' given to a robot should be not confused with skills depending strictly on its self-learning abilities when seeking to identify the person to whom the robot's harmful behaviour is actually due;

Amendment 321 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28

Amendment 322 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28 a (new)

28 a. Proposes to make the documentation of AI's and robots' actions mandatory, in order to help attribute fault when accidents occur; encourages design methods making AI's and robots' behaviours ethically and/or legally verifiable, allowing to provide for certain elements of proof about the causal link between the actions and the principles being obeyed through the software programme, such design element being subject to monitoring and inquiry in a human-accessible way;

Amendment 323 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28 a (new)

28a. Draws attention to the fact that driver reaction time in the event that a driver unexpectedly has to take control of a vehicle is crucial and calls, therefore, on the stakeholders to provide for realistic values when it comes to determining safety and liability issues;

Amendment 324 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28 a (new)

28a. Considers, in any case, that responsibility must always lie with a human and never a robot;

Amendment 325 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29

29. Points out that a possible solution to the complexity of allocating responsibility for damage caused by increasingly autonomous robots could be an obligatory insurance scheme, as is already the case, for instance, with cars; notes, nevertheless, that unlike the insurance system for road traffic, where the insurance covers human acts and failures, an insurance system for robotics could be based on the obligation of the producer to take out an insurance for the autonomous robots it produces and/or on insurance cover by the owner and legal holder of an autonomous robot, on the basis of the market situation and the possibility of covering these needs under existing insurance structures;

Amendment 326 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29

29. Points out that a possible solution to the complexity of allocating responsibility for damage caused by increasingly autonomous robots could be an obligatory insurance scheme, as is already the case, for instance, with cars; notes, nevertheless, that unlike the insurance system for road traffic, where the insurance covers human acts and failures, an insurance system for robotics could be based on the obligation of the producer or owner or user to take out an insurance for the autonomous robots ~~it produces~~;

Amendment 327 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29

29. Points out that a possible solution to the complexity of allocating responsibility for damage caused by increasingly autonomous robots could be an obligatory insurance scheme, as is already the case, for instance, with cars; notes, nevertheless, that unlike the insurance system for road traffic, where the insurance covers human acts and failures, an insurance system for robotics could be based on the obligation of the producer and owner to take out an insurance for the autonomous robots ~~it produces~~;

Amendment 328 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29

29. Points out that a possible solution to the complexity of allocating responsibility for damage caused by increasingly autonomous robots could be an obligatory insurance scheme, as is already the case, for instance, with cars; notes, nevertheless, that unlike the insurance system for road traffic, where the insurance covers human acts and failures, an insurance system for robotics cshould ~~be based on the obligation of the producer to take out an insurance for the autonomous robots it produces~~take into account all potential responsibilities in the chain ;

Amendment 329 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29

Amendment 33 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

Amendment 330 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30

30. Considers that, as is the case with the insurance of motor vehicles, such an insurance system could be supplemented by a fund in order to ensure that reparation can be made for damage in cases where no insurance cover exists; calls on the insurance industry to develop new products that are in line with the advances in robotics;deleted

Amendment 331 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30

30. Considers that, as is the case with the insurance of motor vehicles, such an insurance system could be supplemented by a fund in order to ensure that reparation can be made for damage in cases where no insurance cover exists; this fund should be endowed by an annual fixed percentage to be paid by any private company that wishes to invest in the robotics sector; calls on the insurance industry to develop new products that are in line with the advances in robotics;

Amendment 332 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30

30. Considers that, as is the case with the insurance of motor vehicles, such an insurance system could be supplemented by a fund, without State capital involvement, in order to ensure that reparation can be made for damage in cases where, improperly and illegally, no insurance cover exists; calls on the insurance industry to develop new and competitive products that are duly in line with the advances in and needs of robotics;

Amendment 333 #

Tadeusz ZWIEFKA, Christian EHLER, Michał BONI, Therese COMODINI CACHIA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30

30. Considers that, as is the case with the insurance of motor vehicles, such an insurance system could be supplemented by a fund in order to ensure that reparation can be made for damage in cases where no insurance cover exists; calls on the insurance industry to develop new products and types of offers that are in line with the advances in robotics;

Amendment 334 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – introductory part

31. Calls on the Commission, when carrying out an impact assessment of its future legislative instrument, to explore, analyse and consult the implications of all possible legal solutions, such as:

Amendment 335 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – introductory part

31. Calls on the Commission, when carrying out an impact assessment of its potential future legislative instrument, to explore the implications of all possible legal solutions, such as:

Amendment 336 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point a

a) establishing a compulsory insurance scheme where relevant and necessary for specific subcategories of robots whereby, similarly to what already happens with cars, producers or owners of robots would be required to take out insurance cover for the damage potentially caused by their robots;

Amendment 337 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point a

a) establishing a ~~compulsory~~n insurance scheme whereby, similarly to what already happens with cars, producers or owners of robots would be required to take out insurance cover for the damage potentially caused by their robots;

Amendment 338 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point a a (new)

aa) introducing a suitable instrument for consumers who wish to collectively claim compensation for damages deriving from the malfunction of intelligent machines from the manufacturing companies responsible;

Amendment 339 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point b

b) ensuring that a compensation fund would not only serve the purpose of guaranteeing compensation if the damage caused by a robot was not covered by an insurance – which would in any case remain its primary goal – but also that of allowing various financial operations in the interests of the robot, such as investments, donations or payments made to smart autonomous robots for their services, which could be transferred to the fund;deleted

Amendment 34 #

Therese COMODINI CACHIA, Michał BONI, Tadeusz ZWIEFKA

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

Amendment 340 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point b

b) ensuring that a compensation fund would ~~not only~~ serve the purpose of guaranteeing compensation if the damage caused by a robot was not covered by an insurance – which would in any case remain its primary goal – but also that of allowing various financial operations in the interests of the robot, such as investments, donations or payments made to smart autonomous robots for their services, which could be transferred to the fund;

Amendment 341 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point b

Amendment 342 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point b

b) ensuring that a compensation fund, endowed by an annual fixed percentage paid by any private company that wishes to invest in the robotics sector, would not only serve the purpose of guaranteeing compensation if the damage caused by a robot was not covered by an insurance – which would in any case remain its primary goal – but also that of allowing various financial operations in the interests of the robot, such as investments, donations or payments made to smart autonomous robots for their services, which could be transferred to the fund;

Amendment 343 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point b

b) ensuring that a compensation fund would not only serve the purpose of guaranteeing compensation if the damage caused by a robot was not covered by an insurance – which would in any case remain its primary goal – but also that of allowing various financial operations ~~in the interests of the robot~~, such as investments, donations or payments made to smart autonomous robots for their services, which could be transferred to the fund;

Amendment 344 #

Therese COMODINI CACHIA, Tadeusz ZWIEFKA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point c

c) allowing the manufacturer, the programmer, the owner or the user to benefit from limited liability insofar as smart autonomous robots would be endowed with a compensation fund – to which all parties could contribute in varying proportions – and damage to property could only be claimed for within the limits of that fund, other types of damage not being subject to such limits;deleted

Amendment 345 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point c

c) allowing the manufacturer, the programmer, the owner or the user to ~~benefit from limited liability insofar as smart autonomous robots would be endowed with a compensation fund – to which all parties could contribute in varying proportions –~~jointly take out insurance to guarantee compensation where damage is caused by a robot and to consequently benefit from limited liabilities as apportioned in such insurance policy, and damage to property could only be claimed for within the liremits of that ~~fund,~~insurance policy while other types of damage will not be~~ing~~ subject to such limits;

Amendment 346 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point d

d) deciding whether to create a general fund for all smart autonomous robots or to create an individual fund for each and every robot category, and whether a contribution should be paid as a one-off fee when placing the robot on the market or whether periodic contributions should be paid during the lifetime of the robot;eleted

Amendment 347 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point d

Amendment 348 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point e

e) ensuring that the link between a robot and its fund would be made visible by an individual registration number appearing in a specific EU register, which would allow anyone interacting with the robot to be informed about the nature of the fund, the limits of its liability in case of damage to property, the names and the functions of the contributors and all other relevant details;deleted

Amendment 349 #

Tadeusz ZWIEFKA, Christian EHLER, Michał BONI, Therese COMODINI CACHIA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point f

f) creating a specific legal status for robots, so that at least the most sophisticated autonomous robots could be established as having the status of electronic persons with specific rights and obligations, including that of making good any damage they may cause, and applying electronic personality to cases where robots make smart autonomous decisions or otherwise interact with third parties independently;deleted

Amendment 35 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)

Ea. whereas the development of Robotics and AI will definitely influence the landscape of the workplace what may create new liability concerns and eliminate others; whereas the legal responsibility need to be clarified from both business sight model, as well as the workers design pattern, in case emergency or problems occur;

Amendment 350 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point f

f) Creating a specific legal status for robots, so that at least the most sophisticated autonomous robots could be established as having the status of electronic persons with specific rights and obligations, including that of making good any damage they may cause, and applying electronic personality to cases where robots make smart autonomous decisions or otherwise interact with third parties independentlyIn any event, no legal status must ever be given to robots; Human responsibility must not be transferred to robots;

Amendment 351 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point f

f) proposing an update of the relevant legislation once technological developments allow the possibility for robots whose degree of autonomy is higher than what is reasonably predictable at present to be developed; creating a specific legal status for robots, so that at least the most sophisticated autonomous robots could be established as having the status of electronic persons with specific rights and obligations, including that of making good any damage they may cause, and applying electronic personality to cases where robots make smart autonomous decisions or otherwise interact with third parties independently;

Amendment 352 #

Tadeusz ZWIEFKA, Christian EHLER, Michał BONI, Therese COMODINI CACHIA

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point f

Amendment 353 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point f

f) possibility of creating a specific legal status for robots, so that at least the most sophisticated autonomous robots could be established as having the status of electronic persons with specific rights and obligations, including that of making good any damage they may cause, and possibility to applying electronic personality to cases where robots make smart autonomous decisions or otherwise interact with third parties independently;

Amendment 354 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point f a (new)

f a) creating rules as to certain robots and artificial intelligence appliances to cease to function at any time a producer or owner so decides in a safe manner, thereby enabling human control, while taking into account the ethical aspects involved; to consider how a smart robot could, should this be necessary, cease to interact with other appliances or robots, in particular in the framework of Internet of Things;

Amendment 355 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point aa (new)

aa) robots manufactured outside the European Union and imported into its territory must also be covered by mandatory insurance;

Amendment 356 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32

32. Notes the need also to consider proportionate and necessary amendments to international agreements such as the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and the Hague Traffic Accident Convention;

Amendment 357 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32

32. Notes the potential need also to consider amendments to international agreements such as the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and the Hague Traffic Accident Convention;

Amendment 358 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32 a (new)

32a. Stresses that no deviation from the principles set out in human rights conventions must be allowed;

Amendment 359 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33

33. Strongly encourages international cooperation in the scrutiny of societal, ethical and legal challenges and thereafter setting regulatory standards under the auspices of the United Nations;

Amendment 36 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)

Ea. whereas robotics and AI that can perform similar tasks to those performed by humans should be used mainly to support and boost the abilities of man, as opposed to trying to replace the human element completely;

Amendment 360 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33

33. Strongly encourages international cooperation in setting binding regulatory standards and in the exchange of best practices under the auspices of the United Nations;

Amendment 361 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33

33. Strongly encourages international cooperation ~~in setting regulatory standards under the auspices of the United Nations~~;

Amendment 362 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 35

35. Requests the Commission to submit, on the basis of Article 225 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, a proposal for a directive on civil law rules on robotics, following the detailed recommendations set out in the annex hereto;deleted

Amendment 363 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 37

37. Considers that the requested proposal will not have any financial implications, while at the same time it gives an opportunity for the harmonious development and support of positive budget resources;

Amendment 364 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 37

37. Considers that the requested proposal will ~~not~~ have ~~any~~ financial implications on the new European agency to be set up;

Amendment 365 #

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 37

37. Considers that the requested ~~proposal~~impact assessment and in-depth analysis will not have any financial implications;

Amendment 366 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex

ANNEX TO THE MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION: DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS ~~AS TO THE CONTENT OF THE PROPOSAL REQUESTED~~ON POTENTIAL NON-LEGISLATIVE OR LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES

Amendment 367 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 1 (after subheading ‘Registration of 'smart robots'’)

For the purposes of traceability and in order to facilitate the implementation of further recommendations, a system of registration of advanced robots shcould be introduced, where relevant and necessary for specific subcategories of robots and based on the criteria established for the classification of robots. The system of registration and the register should be Union-wide, covering the internal market~~, and should be managed by an EU Agency for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence.~~

Amendment 368 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 1 (after subheading ‘Civil law liability’)

Any chosen legal solution applied to robots' liability in cases other than those of damage to property should in no way restrict the type or the extent of the damages which may be recovered, nor should it limit the forms of compensation which may be offered to the aggrieved party on the sole grounds that damage is caused by a non-human agent.

Amendment 369 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 1 (after subheading ‘Civil law liability’)

Any chosen legal solution applied to ~~robots' liability~~the liability of robots and of artificial intelligence in cases other than those of damage to property should in no way restrict the type or the extent of the damages which may be recovered, nor should it limit the forms of compensation which may be offered to the aggrieved party on the sole grounds that damage is caused by a non-human agent.

Amendment 37 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)

Ea. whereas the widespread and increasingly frequent use of robotics and AI has unmistakably provoked a variety of reactions and objections;

Amendment 370 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 2 (after subheading ‘Civil law liability’)

The future legislative instrument should provide for the application as a rule of strict liability to damage caused by 'smart robots', requiring only proof of a causal link between the harmful behaviour of the robot and the damage suffered by the injured party.deleted

Amendment 371 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 1 a (new) (after subheading ‘Civil law liability’)

Any policy decision on the civil liability rules applicable to robots and artificial intelligence should be taken with due consultation of a European-wide research and development project dedicated to robotics and neuroscience, with scientists and experts able to assess all related risks and consequences;

Amendment 372 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 1 (after subheading ‘Interoperability, access to code and intellectual property rights’)

The interoperability of network-connected autonomous robots that interact with each other should be ensured. Access to the source code, input data, and construction details should be available when needed ~~in order~~, to investigate accidents and damage caused by 'smart robots', as well as in order to ensure their continued operation, availability, reliability, safety and security.

Amendment 373 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 2 (after subheading ‘Interoperability, access to code and intellectual property rights’)

~~Criteria for ‘intellectual creation’ for copyrightable works produced by computers or robots should be drawn up.~~deleted

Amendment 374 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 2 (after subheading ‘Interoperability, access to code and intellectual property rights’)

~~Criteria for~~As the concept of ‘intellectual creation’ ~~for copyright able works produced by computers or robots should be drawn up~~is tied to the personality of an author, artificial agents such as robots and artificial intelligence should not be eligible for copyright protection.

Amendment 375 #

Michał BONI, Therese COMODINI CACHIA, Christian EHLER, Tadeusz ZWIEFKA

Motion for a resolution
Annex (after subheading ‘Disclosure of use of robots and artificial intelligence by undertakings’)

Disclosure of use of robots and artificial intelligence by undertakings Undertaking s should be obliged to disclose: – the number of 'smart robots' they use, – the savings made in social security contributions through the use of robotics in place of human personnel, – an evaluation of the amount and proportion of the revenue of the undertaking that results from the use of robotics and artificial intelligence.deleted

Amendment 376 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex (after subheading ‘Disclosure of use of robots and artificial intelligence by undertakings’)

Disclosure of use of robots and artificial intelligence by undertakings Undertaking s should be obliged to disclose: – use, – contributions through the use of robotics in place of human personnel, – proportion of the revenue of the undertaking that results from the use of robotics and artificial intelligencedeleted the number of 'smart robots' they the savings made in social security an evaluation of the amount and

Amendment 377 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 1 (after subheading ‘Charter on Robotics’)

The Commission, when proposing legislation or non-legislative initiative relating to robotics, should take into account the principles enshrined in the following Charter on Robotics.

Amendment 378 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 2 (after heading ‘CHARTER ON ROBOTICS’)

The framework, made in consultation with a European-wide research and development project dedicated to robotics and neuroscience, must be designed in a reflective manner that allows individual adjustments to be made on a case-by-case basis in order to assess whether a given behaviour is right or wrong in a given situation and to take decisions in accordance with a pre-set hierarchy of values.

Amendment 379 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 3 (after heading ‘CHARTER ON ROBOTICS’)

The code should not replace the need to tackle all ~~major~~potential legal challenges in this field, but should have a complementary function. It will, rather, facilitate the ethical categorisation of robotics, strengthen the responsible innovation efforts in this field and address public concerns.

Amendment 38 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)

Ea. whereas assessing the impact of the automation of jobs could benefit from a European debate on the desirability of a universal basic income;

Amendment 380 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 1 (after subheading ‘Fundamental Rights’)

Robotics research activities should respect fundamental rights and be conducted in the interests of the well-being ofand self- determination of the individuals and society at large in their design, implementation, dissemination and use. Human dignity and autonomy – both physical and psychological – is always to be respected.

Amendment 381 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – (after subheading ‘Precaution’)

~~Precau~~Innovation Robotics research activities should be conducted in accordance with the ~~precau~~innovation~~ary~~ principle, while anticipating potential safety impacts of outcomes and taking due precautions, proportional to the level of protection, while encouraging progress for the benefit of society, the economy and the environment.

Amendment 382 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 1 (after subheading ‘Accountability’)

Robotics engineers should remain accountable ~~for the social, environmental and human health impa~~that their work on robotics respects th~~at robotics may impo~~e code of conducts set o~~n present and future generat~~ut by their professions.

Amendment 383 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 1 (after subheading ‘Privacy’)

The right to privacy must always be respected. A robotics engineer should ensure that private information is kept secure and only used appropriately. Moreover, a robotics engineer should ~~guarantee that individuals are not personally identifiable, aside from exceptional circumstances and then only with clear, unambiguous informed consent~~implement the privacy by design and by default principles. Human informed consent should be pursued and obtained prior to any man- machine interaction. As such, robotics designers have a responsibility to develop and follow procedures for valid consent, confidentiality, anonymity, fair treatment and due process. Designers ~~will comply with any requests that any related data be destroyed, and removed from any~~should respect the data protection laws with regard to the deletion of personal data~~sets~~.

Amendment 384 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 1 (after subheading ‘Maximising benefit and minimising harm’)

Researchers should seek to maximise the benefits of their work at all stages, from inception through to dissemination. Harm to research participants/human subject/an experiment, trial, or study participant or subject must be avoided. Where risks arise as an unavoidable and integral element of the research, robust risk assessment and management protocols should be developed and complied with. Normally, the risk of harm should be no greater than that encountered in ordinary life, i.e. people should not be exposed to risks greater than or additional to those to which they are exposed in their normal lifestyles. The operation of a robotics system should always be based on a thorough risk assessment process, which should be informed by the precautionary and proportionality principles.The operation of a robotics system should always be based on a thorough risk assessment process that strikes a balance between the need to assess risks and the requirement to take risks to innovate

Amendment 385 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – paragraph 1 a (new) (after subheading ‘Monitoring’)

Stresses that recommendations regarding licences are not binding and therefore should respect contractual freedom and leave room for innovative licensing regimes;

Amendment 386 #

Motion for a resolution
Annex – bullepoint 1 (after subheading ‘LICENCE FOR DESIGNERS’)

• You should take into account the European values of dignity, autonomy and self-determination, freedom and justice before, during and after the process of design, development and delivery of such technologies including the need not to harm, injure, deceive or exploit (vulnerable) users.

Amendment 39 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas the causes for concern also include physical safety, for example when a robot'’s code proves fallible, and the potential consequences of system failure, of manufacturing defects or hacking of connected robots and robotic systems at a time when increasingly autonomous applications come into use or are impending whether it be in relation to cars and drones ~~or to~~, to robots used in the medical care pro~~bots an~~duction process, household robots used for maintaining public order and policing , or to robots used for public safety;

Amendment 4 #

Motion for a resolution
Citation 3

— having regard to the report of the Committee on Legal Affairs and the opinions of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, the Committee on Transport and Tourism, the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection (A8-0000/2016),

Amendment 40 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas the causes for concern also include physical safety, for example when a robot's code proves fallible, and the potential consequences of system failure or hacking of connected robots and robotic systems at a time when increasingly autonomous applications come into use or are impending whether it be in relation to cars and drones or to care robots and robots used for maintaining public order and policing;trend towards automation requires that those involved in the development and commercialisation of artificial intelligence applications build in security and ethics at the outset, thereby recognizing that they must be prepared to accept legal liability for the quality of the technology they produce

Amendment 41 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas the causes for concern are not only of moral and ethical nature but they also include physical safety, for example when a robot's code proves fallible, and the potential consequences of system failure or hacking of connected robots and robotic systems at a time when increasingly autonomous applications come into use or are impending whether it be in relation to cars and drones or to care robots and robots used for maintaining public order and policing;

Amendment 42 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas the causes for concern also include physical safety, for example when a robot'’s code proves fallible, and the potential consequences of system failure or hacking of connected robots and robotic systems at a time when increasingly autonomous and self-sufficient applications come into use or are impending whether it be in relation to cars and drones or to care robots and robots used for maintaining public order and policing;

Amendment 43 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas, more specifically, the causes for concern also include physical safety, for example when a robot's code proves fallible, and the potential consequences of system failure or hacking of connected robots and robotic systems at a time when increasingly autonomous applications come into use or are impending whether it be in relation to cars and drones or to care robots and robots used for maintaining public order and policing;

Amendment 44 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas the causes for concern ~~also~~ include physical safety, for example when a robot's code proves fallible, and the potential consequences of system failure or hacking of connected robots and robotic systems at a time when increasingly autonomous applications come into use or are impending whether it be in relation to cars and drones or to care robots and robots used for maintaining public order and policing;

Amendment 45 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital F a (new)

Fa. whereas the main concern is the alienation of human nature itself from the unconditional – beyond the financial gain that may be derived – development of robotics adopted, unfortunately, by most industry professionals; whereas internationally acknowledged scholars such as Steven Hawking have expressed objections regarding the development of technical intelligence;

Amendment 46 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas ~~many basic questions of data protection hav~~future legal regulations in the robotics sector and in the alrea~~dy become the subject of consideration in the general contexts of t~~ of future possibilities for robotic communication (audio, visual, emotional) should be established internet and e-commerce, but whereas further aspects of data ownership and the protection of personal data and privacy might still need to be addressed, given that applications and appliances will communicate with each other and with databases without humans intervening or possibly without their even being aware of what is going on; line with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council* (Data Protection Regulation); –––––––––––––––––––––––– Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ L 119 4.5.2016, p. 1–88).

Amendment 47 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas many basic questions of data protection and fully respecting such data have already become the subject of consideration in the general contexts of the internet and e-commerce, but whereas further aspects of data ownership and possession and the protection of personal data and privacy might still need to be addressed, given that applications and appliances will communicate with each other and with databases without humans intervening or possibly without their even being aware of what is going on;

Amendment 48 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas many basic questions of data protection have already become the subject of consideration in the general contexts of the internet and e-commerce, but whereas further aspects of data ownership and the protection of personal data and privacy ~~might~~are still ~~need to be~~being addressed, given that applications and appliances will communicate with each other and with databases without humans intervening or possibly without their even being aware of ~~what is going on~~these "invisible" machine2machine communication processes;

Amendment 49 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G

G. whereas ~~many basic questions of d~~the General Data pProtection ~~have already become the subject of consideration in the general contexts of the internet and e-commerce~~Regulation sets out a legal framework to protect personal data, but whereas further aspects of data ownership, data access, and the protection of personal data and privacy might still need to be addressed, given that privacy concerns might still arise from applications and appliances ~~will~~ communicateing with each other and with databases without humans interven~~ing or possibly without their even being aware of what is going on~~tion ;

Amendment 5 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

A. whereas from Mary Shelley's Frankenstein's Monster to the classical myth of Pygmalion, through the story of Prague's Golem to the robot of Karel Čapek, who coined the word, people have fantasised about the possibility of building intelligent machines, more often than not androids with human features;deleted

Amendment 50 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital G a (new)

Ga. whereas the protection of intellectual property rights is recognised under Article 17(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and whereas it is necessary to come forward with a balanced approach to intellectual property rights when applied to hardware and software standards and codes that protect innovation and at the same time foster innovation; whereas criteria need to be drawn up for ‘intellectual creation’ of copyrightable works produced by computers or robots;

Amendment 51 #

Laura FERRARA, Dario TAMBURRANO, Laura AGEA, Isabella ADINOLFI, Marco ZULLO, Daniela AIUTO, Tiziana BEGHIN, Ignazio CORRAO, Piernicola PEDICINI, David BORRELLI

Motion for a resolution
Recital G a (new)

Ga. whereas the increasingly widespread use of social media and smartphones, which are constantly collecting and generating data, is causing the volume of data produced all over the world, so-called ‘Big Data’, to grow exponentially, and whereas 90% of the data in circulation today has been generated in the last two years;

Amendment 52 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas the ~~'soft impacts'~~inviolability onf human dignity may be difficult to estimate, but will still need to be considered if and when robots replace human care and companionship, and whereas questions of human dignity also can arise in the context of 'repairing' or enhancing human beingust be guaranteed at all times in any interaction between robots and humans;

Amendment 53 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas the full range of 'soft impacts' on human dignity may be difficult to estimate, ~~but will still need to be consider~~developments in robotics and artificial intelligence can and should be designed ifn a~~nd when robots replace human care and companionship, and whereas questions of human dignity also can arise in the context of~~ way that they preserve the dignity, autonomy and self-determination of the individual, especially in the fields of human care and companionship, and in the context of medical appliances, 'repairing' or enhancing human beings;

Amendment 54 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas the ‘soft impacts’ on human dignity may be difficult to estimate, but will still need to be considered if and when robots replace human care ~~and companionship, and whereas questions of human dignity can also arise in the context of ‘repairing’ or enhancing human beings~~;

Amendment 55 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas ~~the 'soft impacts' on human dignity~~human dignity is complex to assess and may be difficult to estimate, but will ~~still~~ need to be c~~onsidered if and when robots replace human care and companionship, and whereas questions of human dignity also can arise in the context of 'repairing' or enhancing human beings~~arefully considered within the context of human care and companionship, taking into account where robots could enhance capabilities and human dignity and where robots could have a negative impact, by impending for instance access of robot users to essential capabilities ;

Amendment 56 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas the 'soft impacts' on human dignity may be difficult to estimate, but will still need to be considered if and when robots replace human care and companionship, and whereas questions of human dignity also can arise in the context of 'repairing' or enhancing human beings and human dignity must always remain priority;

Amendment 57 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas the '‘soft impacts'’ on human dignity may be difficult to estimate, but will still need to be considered if and when robots replace human care and companionship or medical staff , and whereas questions of human dignity also can arise in the context of 'repairing' or enhancing human beings;

Amendment 58 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas the 'soft impacts' on human dignity may be difficult to estimate, but will still need to be considered i~~f and when~~n order to avoid robots replaceing all of human care and companionship, and whereas questions of human dignity also can arise in the context of 'repairing' or enhancing human beings;

Amendment 59 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Kaja KALLAS, Matthijs van MILTENBURG

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas the ‘soft impacts’ on human dignity may be difficult to estimate, but will still need to be considered if and when robots replace human care and companionship, and whereas these questions ~~of human dignity also can~~can also arise in the context of 'repairing' or enhancing human beings;

Amendment 6 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

Amendment 60 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Kaja KALLAS, Matthijs van MILTENBURG

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas ultimately there is a possibility that within the space of a few decades AI could surpass human intellectual capacity in a manner which, if not prepared for, could pose a challenge to humanity's capacity to control its own creation and, consequently, perhaps also to its capacity to be in charge of its own destiny and to ensure the survival of the species;deleted

Amendment 61 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

Amendment 62 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas ultimately there is a possibility that within the space of a few decades AI could surpass human intellectual capacity in a manner which, if not ~~prepared for, could~~closely monitored, could at some future point pose a challenge to humanity's capacity to control its own creation and, consequently, perhaps also to its capacity to be in charge of its own destiny and to ensure the survival of the species;

Amendment 63 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas ultimately there is a possibility that within the space of a few decades AI could surpass human intellectual capacity to some degree in a manner which, if not prepared for, could pose a challenge to humanity's capacity to control its own creation and, consequently, perhaps also to its capacity to be in charge of its own destiny and to ensure the survival of the species;

Amendment 64 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas ultimately there is a possibility that ~~within the space of a few decades~~in a long-term perspective AI could surpass human intellectual capacity in a manner which, if not prepared for, could pose a challenge to humanity's capacity to control its own creation and, consequently, perhaps also to its capacity to be in charge of its own destiny and to ensure the survival of the species;

Amendment 65 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital I a (new)

Ia. whereas further development and increased use of automated and algorithmic decision-making undoubtedly has an impact on the choices that a private person (such as a business or an internet user) and an administrative, judicial or other public authority take in rendering their final decision of a consumer, business or authoritative nature; whereas safeguards and the possibility of human control and verification need to be built into the process of automated and algorithmic decision-making;

Amendment 66 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital J

J. whereas several foreign jurisdictions, such as the US, Japan, China and South Korea, are considering, and to a certain extent have already taken, regulatory action with respect to robotics and AI, and whereas some Member States who play a significant role in the further development of advanced robotics and artificial intelligence have also started to reflect on possible legislative changes in order to take account of emerging applications of such technologies;

Amendment 67 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital J

J. whereas several foreign jurisdictions, such as the US, Japan, China and South Korea, are considering, and to a certain extent have already taken, regulatory action with respect to robotics and AI, and whereas some Member States have also started to reflect on possible legislative changes in order to take account of emerging applications of such technologies and determine the course of their evolution;

Amendment 68 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital J

J. whereas several foreign jurisdictions, such as the US, Japan, China and South Korea, are considering, and to a certain extent have already taken, regulatory action with respect to robotics and AI, and whereas some Member States have also started to reflect on ~~some~~ possibley drawing up legal standards or carrying out legislative changes in order to take account of emerging applications of such technologies;

Amendment 69 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas European industry could benefit from a coherent approach to regulation at European level, providing predictable and sufficiently clear conditions under which enterprises could develop applications and plan their business models on a European scaleindustry throughout the European Union could benefit from more efficient cooperation while ensuring that the EU ~~and its~~ Member States maintain control over the regulatory standards to be set, so as not to be forced to adopt and live with standards set by others, ~~that is to say~~neither within the EU nor from the third states which are also at the forefront of the development of robotics and AI;

Amendment 7 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

Amendment 70 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas European industry could benefit from a coherent approach to regulation at European level, providing predictable and sufficiently clear conditions under which enterprises could develop applications and plan their medium- and macro-business models on a European scale while ensuring that the EU and its Member States maintain control over the regulatory standards to be set, so as not to be forced to adopt and live with standards set by others, that is to say on the basis of the priorities of economic capitals and industries or the third states which are also at the forefront of the development of robotics and AI;

Amendment 71 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas European industry could benefit from a ~~cohe~~suitable, efficient, coherent and transparent approach to regulation at European level, providing proper, predictable and sufficiently clear conditions under which enterprises could develop applications and plan their business models on a European scale while ensuring that the EU and its Member States maintain control over the regulatory standards to be set, so as not to be forced to adopt and live with standards set by others, that is to say the third states which are also at the forefront of the development of robotics and AI;

Amendment 72 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas once technologies emerge and mature, European industry could benefit from a coherent approach to regulation at European level, providing predictable and sufficiently clear conditions under which enterprises could develop applications and plan their business models on a European scale while ensuring that the EU and its Member States maintain control over the regulatory standards to be set, so as not to be forced to adopt and live with standards set by others, that is to say the third states which are also at the forefront of the development of robotics and AI;

Amendment 73 #

Therese COMODINI CACHIA, Michał BONI

Motion for a resolution
Recital L

L. whereas, until such time, if ever, that robots become or are made self- aware, Asimov’s Laws1must be regarded as being directed at the designers, producers and operators of robots, since those laws cannot be converted into machine code; __________________ 1A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. (2) A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. (3) A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws (See Runabout, I. Asimov, 1943) and (0) A robot may not harm humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.deleted

Amendment 74 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital L

L. whereas~~, until such time, if ever, that robots become or are made self- aware,~~ Asimov's Laws1 must be regarded as being directed at the designers, producers and operators of robots, since those laws cannot be converted into machine code; whereas the processes by which robots and AI are assigned built-in autonomy and the possibility of self- learning, should be subjected to Asimov's laws; __________________ 1 A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. (2) A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. (3) A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws (See Runabout, I. Asimov, 1943) and (0) A robot may not harm humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.

Amendment 75 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Kaja KALLAS, Matthijs van MILTENBURG

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas~~, nevertheless, a series of~~ cyber-physical systems (CPS) are systems which comprise networked computers, robots and artificial intelligence and which interact with an integrated, artificial environment, and certain elements of these systems can be worn on the human body or even implanted in the human body, their use raises far-reaching ethical, human rights and social-philosophical questions, particularly with regard to self- determination, personal integrity and data protection, therefore a series of strict rules, governing in particular liability and ethics and reflecting the intrinsically European and humanistic values and the basic principles set out in international and European human rights conventions that characterise Europe'’s contribution to society, are necessary;

Amendment 76 #

Victor NEGRESCU

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas, nevertheless, a series of rules, governing in particular liability and ethics and reflecting the intrinsically European and humanistic values that characterise Europe's contribution to society, are necessary; whereas those rules must not affect the process of research, innovation and development in robotics;

Amendment 77 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas~~, nevertheless,~~ a series of rules, governing in particular liability ~~and ethics and~~, transparency and accountability, are useful, reflecting the intrinsically European and universal humanistic values that characterise Europe's contribution to society~~, are necessary~~;

Amendment 78 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas, nevertheless, a series of efficient rules, governing in particular liability and ethics and reflecting the intrinsically European and humanistic values that characterise Europe's contribution to society, are necessary;

Amendment 79 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas, nevertheless, a series of rules, governing in particular liability and ethics and reflecting the intrinsically ~~European and~~ humanistic values that characterise the Europe'an Union’s contribution to society, are necessary;

Amendment 80 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas, nevertheless, a series of rules, governing in particular liability and ethics and reflecting the intrinsically European ~~and humanistic~~ values that characterise Europe's contribution to society, are necessary;

Amendment 81 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

N. whereas the European Union could play an essential role in establishing basic ethical principles to be respected in the development, programming and use of robots and AI and in the incorporation of such principles into European regulations and codes of conduct, with the aim of shaping the technological revolution so that it serves humanity and so that the benefits of advanced robotics and AI are broadly shared, while as far as possible avoiding potential pitfalls for the general population and well-governed and prosperous society and the risk of structural failures of the European Union in comparison with third countries;

Amendment 82 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

N. whereas the European Union could play an essential role in establishing basic ethical principles to be respected in the design, development, programming and use of robots and AI and in the incorporation of such principles into European regulations and codes of conduct, with the aim of shaping the technological revolution so that it serves humanity and so that the benefits of advanced robotics and AI are broadly shared, while as far as possible avoiding potential pitfalls and risks;

Amendment 83 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

N. whereas the European Union couldght to play an essential role in establishing basic ethical principles to be respected in the development, programming and use of robots and AI and in the incorporation of such principles into European regulations and codes of conduct, with the aim of shaping the technological revolution so that it serves humanity and so that the benefits of advanced robotics and AI are broadly shared, while as far as possible avoiding potential pitfalls for humanity;

Amendment 84 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

N. whereas the European Union could play an essential role in establishing basic ethical principles to be respected in the development, programming and use of robots and AI and in the incorporation of such principles into ~~Europe~~existing rules and regulations and codes of conduct, with the aim of shaping the technological revolution so that it serves humanity and so that the benefits of advanced robotics and AI are broadly shared, while as far as possible avoiding potential pitfalls;

Amendment 85 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas a gradualist, pragmatic cautious approach of the type advocated by Jean Monnet should be adopted for Europe2; __________________ 2 the Schuman Declaration (1950: “Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity”.deleted

Amendment 86 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas a gradualist, pragmatic cautious approach of the type advocated by Jean Monnet2 should be adopted for Europe with the purpose of avoiding over- regulation at a too early stage and mandatory obligations for Member States; __________________ 2 the Schuman Declaration (1950: "Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity."

Amendment 87 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas a gradualist, pragmatic and cautious approach, of the type advocated by Jean Monnet,2 should be adopted for Europe; with regard to any future initiatives on robotics and AI so as to ensure that we do not stifle innovation ; . __________________ 2 the Schuman Declaration (1950: "Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity."

Amendment 88 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas a gradualist, pragmatic, cautious and weighted approach of the type advocated by Jean Monnet2 should be adopted for Europe; __________________ 2 the Schuman Declaration (1950: “Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity”.

Amendment 9 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas now that humankind stands on the threshold of an era when ever more sophisticated robots, bots, androids and other manifestations of artificial intelligence ("”AI"”) seem poised to unleash a new industrial revolution, and especially on the economy as a whole, which is likely to leave no stratum of society untouched, it is vitally important for the legislature to consider all its implications and effects;

Amendment 90 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital P

P. whereas it is appropriate, in view of the stage reached in the development of robotics and AI, to start with civil liability issues ~~and to consider whether a strict liability approach based on who is best placed to insure is not the best starting point~~;

Amendment 91 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital P

P. whereas it is appropriate, in view of the stage reached in the development of robotics and AI, to start ~~with~~discussing civil liability issues and to consider whether a strict liability approach based on who is best placed to insure is not the best starting point;

Amendment 92 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital Q

Q. whereas, thanks to the impressive technological advances of the last decade, not only are today's robots able to perform activities which used to be typically and exclusively human, but the development of autonomous and cognitive features – e.g. the ability to learn from experience and take independent decisions – has made them more and more similar to agents that interact with their environment and are able to alter it significantly; whereas, in such a context, the legal responsibility arising from a robot’s harmful action becomes a crucial issue, but such legal responsibility has yet to be strictly and properly defined;

Amendment 93 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital Q

Q. whereas, thanks to the impressive technological advances of the last decade, not only are today's robots able to perform activities which used to be typically and exclusively human, but the development of certain autonomous and cognitive features – e.g. the ability to learn from experience and take quasi-independent decisions – has made them more and more similar to agents that interact with their environment and are able to alter it significantly; whereas, in such a context, the legal responsibility arising ~~from~~through a robot’s harmful action becomes a crucial issue;

Amendment 94 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital Q

Q. whereas, thanks to the impressive technological advances of the last decade, not only are today's robots able to perform activities which used to be typically and exclusively human, but the development of autonomous and cognitive features – e.g. the ability to learn from experience and take independent decisions – has made them more and more similar to agents that interact with their environment and are able to ~~alter~~contribute to it significantly; whereas, in such a context, the legal responsibility arising from a robot’s harmful action becomes a crucial issue;

Amendment 95 #

Marietje SCHAAKE, Kaja KALLAS, Matthijs van MILTENBURG

Motion for a resolution
Recital Q

Amendment 96 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital Q

Amendment 97 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital R

R. whereas ~~a robot's~~ autonomy ~~can be~~is defined as the ability to take decisions and implement them in the outside world, independently of external control or influence; whereas thise autonomy of a robot or of artificial intelligence is of a purely technological nature and its degree depends on how sophisticated a robot's interaction with its environment has been designed to be;

Amendment 98 #

Motion for a resolution
Recital R

R. whereas a robot's autonomy can be defined as the ability to take decisions and implement them in the outside world, independently of external control or influence, in theory; whereas this autonomy is of a purely technological nature and its degree depends on how sophisticated a robot's interaction with its environment has been designed to be;

Amendment 99 #