2018/2262(INI) | [ParlTrack]

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Awaiting committee decision

2018/2262(INI) Institutional Framework Agreement between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation. Recommendation

Role	Committee	Rapporteur	Shadows
Lead	AFET	FRUNZULICĂ Doru-Claudian (S&D)	TANNOCK Charles (ECR), VEHKAPERÄ Mirja (ALDE)
Opinion	INTA	BEGHIN Tiziana (EFD)

Lead committee dossier: AFET/8/14791
Legal Basis RoP 108

Subjects

Links

Activites

2018/11/15 Committee referral announced in Parliament, 1st reading/single reading

Documents

Amendments	Dossier
114	2018/2262(INI) 2019/01/10 AFET 76 amendments... Amendment 1 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Citation 5 ~~— having regard to the Swiss Confederation’s withdrawal of its application for EU membership in July 2016,~~deleted Amendment 10 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the Swiss Federal Council wishes to conclude an institutional agreement with the EU that ensures legal certainty in the area of market access and preserves Swiss prosperity, independence and legal system7 ; _________________ 7 https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/dea/en/doc uments/fs/11-FS-Institutionelle- Fragen_en.pdfhas announced a stakeholder consultation on the result of the negotiations on the basis of the text agreed between the negotiators in mid-December; Amendment 11 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas Switzerland has expressed its wish to leave binding material provisions on State aid for a future market access agreement and have access to the single market for electricity; whereas the Swiss Federal Council has announced a stakeholder consultation on the basis of the text agreed between the negotiators; Amendment 12 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) Da. whereas on 28 September 2018 the Federal Council approved the second Swiss contribution to a number of EU member states of CHF 1.3 billion over ten years and is now awaiting a positive decision of the Federal Assembly; Amendment 13 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital D b (new) Db. whereas Switzerland is member of the European Environment Agency; Amendment 14 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital D c (new) Dc. whereas Switzerland ratified participation in the European satellite navigation programmes Galileo and EGNOS; Amendment 15 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital D d (new) Dd. whereas Switzerland participates in the EU MEDIA programme, which encourages the development of European film industry, vocational training and distribution of European films; Amendment 16 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital D e (new) De. whereas Switzerland’s participation in the EU’s Horizon 2020 research framework programme and its predecessor Framework Programme 7 (FP7) has been valuable to all parties involved due to the high quality of proposals; Amendment 17 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas Switzerland and the EU signed a ~~new~~n additional protocol to the Taxation and Savings Income Agreement on 27 May 2015, which requires that both parties automatically exchange information (AEI) on the financial accounts of each other’s residents from September 2018; whereas the EU listed Switzerland as ‘non- cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes’ in December 2017; Amendment 18 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas Switzerland cooperates in the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and has participated in the civil and military peace missions of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), notably in Ukraine and Mali; whereas the EDA-Switzerland Framework for Cooperation signed in March 2012 enables exchange of information and foresees joint activities in research and technology and armament projects and programmes; Amendment 19 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas Switzerland cooperates in the selected parts of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and has participated in the civil and military peace missions of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), notably in Ukraine and Mali; Amendment 2 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Citation 11 ~~— having regard to the EU- Switzerland Agreement on Education, Training and Youth, signed on 15 February 2010,~~deleted Amendment 20 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) Ga. whereas Switzerland participates in the Schengen Information System (SIS), the Visa Information System (VIS), Eurodac EU asylum fingerprint database and will participate in the future Entry/Exit System (EES) recording crossing of EU’s external borders and the European Travel information and Authorization System (ETIAS) providing pre-travel security and irregular migration screening of visa-exempt non- EU nationals; Amendment 21 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas based on the Dublin association agreement, Switzerland is associated to parts of the EU asylum acquis; whereas Switzerland has contributed financially and operationally to Frontex since 20109; Amendment 22 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas in 2017, the Swiss population of 8.48 million included 2.13 million foreign nationals, 1.4 million of whom came from Member States of the EU and European Free Trade Association (EFTA); whereas 320 000 EU citizens commute to Switzerland every day,; wh~~ile 4~~ereas 750 000 Swiss nationals live abroad, of which 450 000 live in the EU; Amendment 23 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital J J. whereas in 2009, Switzerland agreed to continue the 1999 bilateral EU- Switzerland Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons (AFMP),which confers upon the Swiss and the EU member states’ citizens alike the right to freely choose their place of employment and residence within the national territories of the contracting parties; Amendment 24 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas Switzerland introduced ‘flanking measures’ in 2002 with the stated aim of protecting Swiss wages, working conditions and social standards, which the EU considers to be disproportionate and discriminating against EU operators; Amendment 25 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Recital L L. whereas Switzerland introduced ‘'flanking measures’' in 2002 with the stated aim of protecting Swiss wages, working conditions and social standards, which the EU considers to be not in line with the FMOPA; Amendment 26 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital M M. whereas ~~Switzerland wishes to exclude takeover oblig~~the implementations of the EU’s cCitizens~~hip and coordination of social security systems from the provisions of the institutional framework agreement~~ Directive and EU citizens rights for social welfare benefits and rights of establishment have caused concerns in Switzerland; Amendment 27 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Recital N N. whereas Switzerland has been a member of EFTA since 1960 and of the United Nations since 2002; Amendment 28 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Recital O O. whereas the ‘Swiss law, not foreign judges" (Self-Determination Initiative)’ was rejected by popular vote by 66 % and by all cantons on 25 November 2018; Amendment 29 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Recital O a (new) Oa. whereas Switzerland is committed to political neutrality and as such has been the host to a number of international negotiations aiming to reach peaceful solutions to armed conflicts around the world; Amendment 3 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Citation 14 — having regard to the 1972 EU- Switzerland Free Trade Agreement, which has been ~~expand~~adapted and updated over the years3 , _________________ 33 OJ L 300, 31.12.1972, p. 189. OJ L 300, 31.12.1972, p. 189. Amendment 30 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Recital O b (new) Ob. whereas the European Commission in late 2018 extended for six months its decision to recognise trading venues in Switzerland as eligible for compliance with the trading obligation for shares set out in the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive and Regulation (equivalence); Amendment 31 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital O a (new) Oa. whereas the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) is based in Geneva; Amendment 32 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital O b (new) Ob. whereas Switzerland hosts 25 major international organizations and conferences as their worldwide headquarters, most of them in Geneva; Amendment 33 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital O c (new) Oc. whereas hundreds of international non-governmental organizations are based in Switzerland providing advice to the UN and other non-governmental organizations; Amendment 34 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Recital O d (new) Od. whereas Switzerland plans to hold Federal elections on 20 October 2019; Amendment 35 # Reinhard BÜTIKOFER Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point a a) highlights that Switzerland and the EU enjoy close, broad and comprehensive relations, and that economic, political, social, environmental, scientific and people-to-people ties and links are strong, recalling the unique cultural and geographical proximity between the two; Amendment 36 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point a a) highlights that Switzerland and the EU enjoy close, broad and comprehensive relations, and that economic, political, social, scientific and people-to-people ties and links are ~~strong~~exemplary, recalling the unique cultural and geographical proximity between the two; Amendment 37 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point b b) stresses that Switzerland is highly integrated with the EU, is a close-minded partner and shares European regional and global challenges with the EU; welcomes the Swiss statement that it is in its interest~~, and in the interest of the EU,~~ to renew and consolidate the bilateral approach and to forge an ever- closer relationship; Amendment 38 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point b b) welcomes the Swiss statement that it is in ~~its interest, and in~~ their interest ~~of the EU~~, to renew and consolidate the bilateral approach and to forge an ever-closer relationship; Amendment 39 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point b a (new) ba) highlights that the EU has shown great flexibility in the negotiations for the IFA and that this has to be recognised by all parties concerned; Amendment 4 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Citation 17 — having regard to the negotiations on an EU-Swiss Confederation electricity agreement, ~~which began in November 2007~~on food safety and on public health, Amendment 40 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point c c) urges th~~at the EU’s relations with its close partner, Switzerland, be elevated through the timely conclusion of~~e conclusion of the bilateral Institutional framework agreement as soon as possible; welcomes the agreement by the negotiat~~ion~~ors on the ~~bilateral institutional framework agreement and highlights the potential to further intensify the relations that are already in place~~final text for the agreement; calls on the Swiss Federal Council to take a decision to conclude the agreement, as soon as the consultation of stakeholders has been positively concluded in this respect; Amendment 41 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point c c) urges that the EU’'s relations with its close partner, Switzerland, be ~~elevated through the timely conclusion of the negotiations on the bilateral institutional framework agreement and highlights the potential to further intensify the relation~~consolidated as soon as possible; stresses that the time has come to conclude the agreement after four years of negotiations; welcomes the agreement by negotiators on a final text for the Institutional framework agreement; calls on the Swiss Federal Council to take a decision to conclude this agreement, as soon as the consultation of stakeholders tha~~t are already in place~~s positively concluded in this respect; Amendment 42 # Reinhard BÜTIKOFER Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point c c) urges that the EU’s relations with its close partner, Switzerland, be elevated through the timely conclusion of the negotiations on the bilateral institutional framework agreement aimed at bringing coherence to the existing situation including a dispute settlement mechanism and highlights the potential to further intensify the relations that are already in place; Amendment 43 # Georgios EPITIDEIOS Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point d (d) stresses that the free movement of persons is a fundamental pillar of EU policy and the internal market, and that its four freedoms are indivisible; ~~expresses regret at the one-sided ‘flanking measures’ of Switzerland that have been in force since 2002; and invites Switzerland and the EU to come to a mutually acceptable agreement on the issue;~~ Amendment 44 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point d d) stresses, alongside the Council, that the free movement of persons is a fundamental pillar of EU policy and the internal market, and that its four freedoms are indivisible; expresses regret at the disproportionate one-sided ‘flanking measures’ of Switzerland that have been in force since 20024; and invites Switzerland ~~and the EU to come to a mutually acceptable agreement on the issue~~to seek a solution which is fully compatible with relevant EU instruments; Amendment 45 # Jozo RADOŠ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point d d) stresses that the free movement of persons is a fundamental pillar of EU policy and the internal market, and that its four freedoms are indivisible; expresses regret at the one-sided ‘flanking measures’ of Switzerland that have been in force since 2002; and invites Switzerland and the EU to come to a mutually acceptable agreement on the issue; expresses regret that Switzerland decided on 7 December 2018 to extend the transitional measures for Croatian workers beyond the initial period of two years, and accordingly invites Switzerland to consider shortening the period of application of these transitional measures bearing in mind benefits of the free movement of persons between the EU and Switzerland; Amendment 46 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point d d) stresses that the free movement of persons is a fundamental, and non- negotiable, pillar of EU policy and the internal market, and that its four freedoms are indivisible; expresses regret at the one- sided, disproportionate and discriminatory ‘flanking measures’ of Switzerland that have been in force since 2002; and invites Switzerland and the EU to come to a mutually acceptable agreement on the issue; Amendment 47 # Reinhard BÜTIKOFER Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point d d) stresses that the free movement of persons is a fundamental pillar of EU policy and the internal market, and that its four freedoms are indivisible; expresses regret at the one-sided ‘`flanking measures’´ of Switzerland that have been in force since 2002; and invites Switzerland, for which the flanking measures are very important, and the EU to come to a mutually acceptable agreement on the issue; Amendment 48 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point e e) underlines ~~the fact~~ that Switzerland s~~hould continue making a significant financial contribution in an effort to reduce economic and social disparities in the EU~~trongly benefits from a democratic and competitive development throughout its European neighbours and that hence its financial contributions to programmes such as the Cohesion Fund are in its own interest and should be continued; recalls that Switzerland draws very significant benefits from participating in the Single Market; stresses that future Swiss contribution to EU cohesion is essential and should be stepped up considerably; Amendment 49 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point e e) underlines the fact that Switzerland should continue making a significant financial contribution in an effort to reduce economic and social disparities in the EU and welcomes the positive results of the contribution in the receiving Member States; recalls that Switzerland draws significant benefits from participating in the Single Market; stresses that future Swiss contribution to EU cohesion is essential and should be stepped up considerably along the practice set by EEA/Norway grants; Amendment 5 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Citation 19 — having regard to its resolutions on Switzerland, in particular of ~~7 Octo~~9 September 20105 on EEA-Switzerland: obstacles with regard to the full implementation of the internal market6 , and to the draft motion for a resolution of its Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection on the same topic of 24 April 2018, _________________ 6 OJ C 308 E, 20.10.2011, p.18. OJ C 316, 22.09.2017, p.192. Amendment 50 # Georgios EPITIDEIOS Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point e (e) underlines the fact that Switzerland should continue making a ~~significant~~ financial contribution in an effort to reduce economic and social disparities in the EU; recalls that Switzerland draws significant benefits from participating in the Single Market; stresses that future Swiss contribution to EU cohesion is essential ~~and should be stepped up considerably~~; Amendment 51 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point e a (new) ea) regrets, that despite no rapid growth in the numbers of Croatians working in Switzerland, Switzerland extended the transitional measures for Croatian workers and self-employed beyond the initial period of two years; calls on the Swiss authorities to consider shortening the period of application of the transitional measures, particularly in view of the undoubted economic benefits of free movement of labour between the EU and Switzerland; Amendment 52 # Julia PITERA Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point f f) suggests that ~~Switzerland better explain to it~~better communication towards Swiss citizens on the tangible benefits ~~they reap from~~of having access to the EU internal market ~~and a closer cooperation with the EU~~, would be beneficial for the closer cooperation between the EU and Switzerland; Amendment 53 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point f f) ~~suggests~~welcomes the ongoing intense internal debate on cooperation with EU inside Switzerland; suggests, however, that Switzerland even better tries to explain to its citizens the tangible benefits they reap from having access to the internal market and a closer cooperation with the EU; Amendment 54 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point f f) suggests that Switzerland better explain to its citizens the need for a very close partnership with the EU as well as the many tangible benefits they reap on a daily basis from having access to the internal market and a closer cooperation with the EU; Amendment 55 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point g g) urges that once concluded, the institutional agreement be submitted without delay to the European Parliament, the Member States, and the Swiss Parliament for approval, and a referendum by the Swiss electorate, in accordance with the Swiss constitution; Amendment 56 # Julia PITERA Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point g g) urges that once concluded, the institutional agreement should be submitted without any delay to the European Parliament, the Member States, and the Swiss Parliament for approval; Amendment 57 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point h h) notes that ~~Switzerland has welcomed well over a million immigrants from~~1.4 million EU citizens live in Switzerland; whereas over 450 000 Swiss nationals live in the EU; Amendment 58 # Julia PITERA Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point h h) notes that ~~Switzerland has welcomed well over a million immigrants from the EU;~~ 1.4 million of the EU citizens live and work in Switzerland which represents almost 17% of the Swiss population; Amendment 59 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point h h) nNotes that ~~Switzerland has welcomed well over a million immigrants from~~1.4million EU citizens live in Switzerland, while over 450,000 Swiss citizens live in the EU; Amendment 6 # Julia PITERA Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas Switzerland’s current relationship with the EU is based on a complex set of some 20 main sectoral bilateral agreements and around 100 other agreements; whereas thanks to these agreements EU and Switzerland could cooperate in the fields of internal market, internal security and asylum, transport and tax matters, even if Switzerland only partially participates in all four freedoms; Amendment 60 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point j j) acknowledges the contribution t~~hat~~o the close EU-Swiss partnership ~~brings to the bilateral sectoral agreements~~that the bilateral sectorial agreements on Free movement of persons, pensions, MEDIA, environment, statistics, judicial and police cooperation, Schengen area, asylum (Dublin), the CFDP, satellite navigation, research, civil aviation, overland transport, reciprocal market access for agreed goods and services, processed agricultural goods, legal harmonization, mutual recognition, fight against fraud, and taxation and savings bring; urges, however, that it is time to elevate the partnership and take a much more comprehensive and substantial step in bilateral relations by concluding the framework agreement; Amendment 61 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point j j) acknowledges the contribution that the close EU-Swiss partnership brings to the bilateral sectoral agreements; urges, however, that it is high time to elevate the partnership and take a much more comprehensive and substantial step in bilateral relations by concluding the framework agreement as early as possible; Amendment 62 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point k k) welcomes the fact that~~, for a very long time,~~ the promotion of peace ~~has been~~is an important part of Swiss foreign policy; ~~takes note of~~welcomes Switzerland’s ~~involvement in peace promotion~~strong role in peace building and its involvement in helping finding solutions in different areas of crisis, in particular in the Balkan States such as Bosnia- and Herzegovina ~~and~~, Kosovo, in Ukraine, in the Middle East in countries such as Syria, in North Africa, in the Horn of Africa, and ~~in the~~ Sahel; Amendment 63 # Reinhard BÜTIKOFER Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point k k) welcomes the fact that, for a very long time, the promotion of peace, mediation and peaceful conflict resolution hasve been an important part of Swiss foreign policy; takes note of Switzerland’s involvement in peace promotion, dialogue- facilitation, the development of confidence-building measures and reconciliation, in particular in the Balkan States such as Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo, in Ukraine, in the Middle East in countries such as Syria, in North Africa, in the Horn of Africa, and in the Sahel; Amendment 64 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point k a (new) ka) welcomes the Swiss role as a facilitator in implementing complex federal structures, peace-brokered, constitutional arrangements in order to help coexistence of different ethnics backgrounds such as in Nepal and Bosnia and Herzegovina; Amendment 65 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point l l) welcomes the participation and support of Switzerland in EU security and defence missions, such as in EUFOR ALTHEA, EULEX Kosovo, EUTM Mali and EUBAM Libya, and in the work of the European Defence Agency; welcomes close cooperation with Switzerland on humanitarian aid, civil protection, counter- terrorism and climate change; Amendment 66 # Reinhard BÜTIKOFER Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point m m) acknowledges the Swiss contribution and cooperation in the context of ~~mass~~ migration ~~flows~~ to the Schengen area and in the implementation of the European Agenda on Migration; ~~regrets the decision of Switzerland not to sign up to the Global Migration Compact;~~ Amendment 67 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point m m) acknowledges the Swiss contribution and cooperation in the context of mass migration flows to the Schengen area and in the implementation of the European Agenda on Migration; regrets the ~~decision of~~that Switzerland has not to signed up to the Global Migration Compact and expects it to sign the Compact following the debate in the Swiss Parliament; Amendment 68 # Georgios EPITIDEIOS Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point m (m) acknowledges the Swiss contribution and cooperation in the context of mass migration flows to the Schengen area and in the implementation of the European Agenda on Migration; ~~regrets the decision of Switzerland not to sign up to the Global Migration Compact;~~ Amendment 69 # Julia PITERA Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point m a (new) ma) welcomes the Alp Transit project, also known as The New Railway Link through the Alps (NRLA), as a good example of Swiss funded investment which is also beneficial for the EU internal market trade; Amendment 7 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas Switzerland’s current relationship with the EU is based on a complex set of some 20 main sectoral bilateral agreements and around 100 other agreements; whereas Switzerland only partially participates in all four freedoms; whereas the future implementation of this complex set of agreements cannot be guaranteed unless an overarching framework is agreed upon; Amendment 70 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point n n) ~~suggest~~calls ion ~~the context of the flanking measures, that the EU directive on the posting of workers could leave enough room for Switzerland to keep~~Switzerland to take over relevant EU directives to maintain its current level of social protection and level of wages, when it comes to ~~the~~ cross-border offering of services; Amendment 71 # Reinhard BÜTIKOFER Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point n a (new) na) ensure that the Institutional Framework agreement between the EU and Switzerland contains a tax good governance clause including specific rules on State aid under the form of a tax advantage, transparency requirements regarding the automatic exchange of information on taxation and beneficial ownership as well as anti-money laundering provisions; Amendment 72 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point n a (new) na) welcomes Switzerland joining the Europol joint cybercrime action taskforce (J-CAT) in April 2018, in the fight against international cybercrime threats in a proactive manner; Amendment 73 # Julia PITERA Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point o o) welcomes Switzerland’s association to the entire Horizon 2020 programme and hopes for further cooperation in the future research programmes; Amendment 74 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point p p) urges ~~the conclusion of negotiations on Swis~~Switzerland to engage in negotiating its participation in the Erasmus+ programme; Amendment 75 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point p p) ~~urges the conclusion of negotiations on Swiss parti~~calls on Switzerland to start negotiating its associpation into the ~~Erasmus~~future ERASMUS programmes; Amendment 76 # Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 – point p a (new) pa) welcomes progress in the construction of the transalpine rail link (NEAT); Amendment 8 # Željana ZOVKO Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas the EU has a very close, and mutually beneficial, partnership with Switzerland, based on a joint cultural history and shared values such as democracy, the rule of law, freedom, market economy and international cooperation; Amendment 9 # Julia PITERA Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas according to Eurostat data, in 2107 Switzerland was the third biggest EU partner in terms of export of goods and the fourth biggest in terms of import of goods; source: 632.825 2019/01/28 INTA 38 amendments... Amendment 1 # Christophe HANSEN Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Notes that the EU is Switzerland’s main trading partner, accounting for 52 % of its exports~~, and Switzerland is the EU’s third-largest trading partner, accounting for 7 % of its trade;~~ and over 71% of its imports, and that the trade in goods under the current bilateral trade agreements amounts to no less than 1 billion CHF per day1a, and "that Switzerland earns one in every 3 francs through trade with the EU"2a, whereas Switzerland is the EU’s third-largest trading partner, accounting for 7 % of its trade; _________________ 1a https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/dea/en/doc uments/abkommen/InstA-Wichtigste-in- Kuerze_en.pdf 2a https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/dea/en/doc uments/abkommen/InstA-Wichtigste-in- Kuerze_en.pdf Amendment 10 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 1 g (new) 1 g. considers that the EU should not request the application of the rule of free and undistorted competency and the prohibition of necessary subsidies; Amendment 11 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Acknowledges the need for an Institutional Framework Agreement, as the EU-Switzerland relationship is based on a complex system of 120 sector-specific agreements, but that this agreement should not include the dismantling of the necessary social protections for Swiss and foreign workers, among others regarding the postponement of the age of retirement, the wages, or the reduction of the social security; Amendment 12 # Christophe HANSEN Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Acknowledges the need for an Institutional Framework Agreement, as the EU-Switzerland relationship is based on a complex system of 120 sector-specific agreements, and additional coherence and legal certainty would benefit all parties; Amendment 13 # Klaus BUCHNER Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Asks the Commission to immediately grant access to the negotiated text of the EU-Switzerland Framework Agreement, as finalized in December 2018, so that INTA and AFET can produce an informed opinion and report on the basis of facts; Amendment 14 # Klaus BUCHNER Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2 b. Asks the Commission and the Council to withhold the ratification procedure of the EU-Switzerland Framework Agreement, until the consultation of the Swiss population is concluded. Amendment 15 # Klaus BUCHNER Draft opinion Paragraph 3 ~~3. Calls for the trading relationship to be modernised and for it to include areas such as services, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and trade facilitation;~~deleted Amendment 16 # Christophe HANSEN Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. ~~Calls for the trading relationship to be modernised and for it~~Welcomes the political declaration of intent to modernize the 1972 EU- Switzerland FTA, which lacks an adequate dispute settlement system and does not cover services, and welcomes its ambition for a revised trade partnership to include areas such as services (including digital), Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) ~~and~~, trade facilitation, mutual recognition of conformity assessments, and public procurement as well as a chapter on trade and sustainable development; Amendment 17 # Nicola DANTI Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Calls for the trading relationship to be modernised and for it to include areas such as services, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and trade facilitation, as well as to continue cooperating to improve the protection of Geographical Indications; Amendment 18 # Christophe HANSEN Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Welcomes the inclusion of a modern Dispute Settlement system in the draft IFA, which could apply to the future updated trade relationship; Amendment 19 # Klaus BUCHNER Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Is aware that there is no comprehensive services agreement in place between the EU and Switzerland and that services are only partially covered through the Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons (AFMP), showing that there is potential for further development;deleted Amendment 2 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Takes note that a EU-Switzerland agreement has been initialled on 7 December 2018. Calls on the Commission to send the document agreed to Parliament without delay. Notes that the EU is Switzerland’s main trading partner, accounting for 52 % of its exports, and Switzerland is the EU’s third-largest trading partner, accounting for 7 % of its trade; Amendment 20 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Is aware that there is no comprehensive services agreement in place between the EU and Switzerland and that services are only partially covered through the Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons (AFMP)~~, showing that there~~ and that the framework agreement initialled that has been leaked is pnot~~ential for further development~~ covering this gap; considers that the EU should not sign an agreement if Switzerland is not improving its treatment for migrants originated in the EU and putting an end to its national preference policy; Amendment 21 # Klaus BUCHNER Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Notes that Switzerland takes in the highest percentage of cross-border workers from the EU and calls on the EU and the Swiss Government to improve measures under the AFMP by including a ‘charter for cross-border workers’ that sets out binding provisions covering, inter alia, basic employment rights, working and commuting conditions, transfer of unemployment benefits and double taxation issues;deleted Amendment 22 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Notes that Switzerland takes in the highest percentage of cross-border workers from the EU and calls on the EU and the Swiss Government to improve measures under the AFMP by including a ‘charter for cross-border workers’ that sets out binding provisions covering, inter alia, basic employment rights, working and commuting conditions, transfer of unemployment benefits and double taxation issues; deplores that according to the leaks documents the new agreement would reduce from 8 to 4 the delay for the announcement of posted workers, what is making impossible the surveillance of their working conditions, and would have a negative impact on the structure of the job market, and on salaries; Amendment 23 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. calls on the parties to organize as soon as possible an interparliamentary meeting of legislators of both the EU and Switzerland parties in order to discuss all matters related to this agreement; Amendment 24 # Klaus BUCHNER Draft opinion Paragraph 6 ~~6. Welcomes the new legislation on preferential tax regimes and practices, and hopes for a positive outcome from the upcoming popular vote in Switzerland;~~deleted Amendment 25 # Nicola DANTI Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Welcomes the new tax legislation onthat will restrict preferential tax regimes and bring practices closer to international standards, and hopes for a positive outcome from the upcoming popular vote in Switzerland; underlines the need to continue improving cooperation in order to fight tax avoidance and increase tax justice. Amendment 26 # Christophe HANSEN Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Recognises the close integration of EU and Swiss companies in the steel sector and notes that the current EU safeguard measures have a negative impact on the sector; requests a review of the measures that seek to offer protection from the trade diversion produced by the hikes in US tariffs, while taking into consideration the different quotas for countries that participate in our value chains;deleted Amendment 27 # Klaus BUCHNER Draft opinion Paragraph 7 7. Recognises the close integration of EU and Swiss companies in the steel sector and notes that the current EU safeguard measures have a negative impact on the sector; requests a review of the measures that seek to offer protection from the trade diversion produced by the hikes in US tariffs, while taking into consideration the different quotas for countries that participate in our value chains;deleted Amendment 28 # Klaus BUCHNER Draft opinion Paragraph 8 ~~8. Calls on Switzerland to continue its work on the Digital Switzerland strategy, aiming to have it align with the EU Digital Single Market;~~deleted Amendment 29 # Klaus BUCHNER Draft opinion Paragraph 9 ~~9. Recalls that the bilateral trade relationship lacks a reliable State-to-State dispute-settlement mechanism.~~deleted Amendment 3 # Christophe HANSEN Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Welcomes the conclusion of the negotiations on the Institutional Framework Agreement (IFA) between the EU and the Swiss Confederation in December 2018 and calls for a swift stakeholder consultation, as called for by the Federal Council on 7 December 2018, and to proceed without delay with the ratification to urgently modernize and further expand the EU-Switzerland relationship, to increase legal certainty and guarantee continued access for Swiss companies to the Single Market as well as to permit the continuation and facilitation of ongoing sectoral negotiations; Amendment 30 # Christophe HANSEN Draft opinion Paragraph 9 ~~9. Recalls that the bilateral trade relationship lacks a reliable State-to-State dispute-settlement mechanism.~~deleted Amendment 31 # Nicola DANTI Draft opinion Paragraph 9 9. Recalls that the bilateral trade relationship lacks a reliable State-to-State dispute-settlement mechanism, that would efficiently resolve trade irritants between the parties. Amendment 32 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. . Understands that the new set of rules known as « dynamic update », which do not comply Switzerland to an « automatic update » of its legislation on matters adressed by the agreement, are nevertheless a serious move towards a jurisdictionnal integration of Swiss law into European law » Amendment 33 # Nicola DANTI Draft opinion Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. Strongly welcomes the political declaration of intent issued by the two parties, expressing the willingness to enter into negotiations to bring the Agreement on Government Procurement and the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) of 1972 up to date. Amendment 34 # Nicola DANTI Draft opinion Paragraph 9 b (new) 9 b. Takes note of the revised law on public procurement adopted in 2017 in the canton of Ticino, which shall be compliant with the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement and the relevant EU-Switzerland sectoral agreement, in force since 2002; strongly encourages contracting authorities to treat EU suppliers and service providers in a non-discriminatory way, even in cases of procurement contracts below the threshold; Amendment 35 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 9 b (new) 9 b. Acknowledges the right included in the agreement for Switzerland to participate to the « decision shaping », without the right to participate to the « decision making », only granted to EU members. Amendment 36 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 9 c (new) 9 c. Expects that Switzerland, in case of a ratification of this agreement, will have to take tough and painful measures in order to deeply reform its State subsidies system » Amendment 37 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 9 d (new) 9 d. Hopes that Switzerland is fully aware that by accepting such an important reform of its State subsidies for matters adressed by the agreement, it won’t have no other choice than progressively give them all up (except those allowed by European law) in the next moves made under the institutionnal framework » Amendment 38 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 9 e (new) 9 e. Calls the European Council and the Commission to keep Switzerland part of the2021-2027 Program for Research and Innovation, even in the case of a refusal to approve the agreement within the end of spring » Amendment 4 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Stresses the need for European negociators to understand and to firmly take into account, while negociating and even after any agreement has been struked, that arrogance, threats and ultimatums will always lead to the opposite of the goals initially looked for » Amendment 5 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1 b. Notices that the Swiss Federal Council did not officially approve the so- called« Institutionnal Framework Agreement » and that it has decided, before any approval by the Swiss Parliament or the Swiss people themselves, to submit the draft agreement to national stakeholders, consistent with Swiss democratic traditions and constitionnal principles Amendment 6 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 1 c (new) 1 c. Protests vigorously against the lack of respect normally due to Members of the European Parliament by the Commission, which has not transmitted the draft agreement to the Committee for Foreign Affairs and to the Committee for International Trade, even though the document is finalized for more than two months Amendment 7 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 1 d (new) 1 d. Understands completly Swiss preventions against any attempt to undermine its social legislation, particularly Swiss laws known as « flanking measures », and calls for a very cautious examination on this issue from both parties, in order to reach a real « win-win » agreement, Amendment 8 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 1 e (new) 1 e. Notes that Switzerland is among the oldest European nations, known for long for its constant wish to preserve its independence, freedom and sovereignty, which has never prevented its people to trade with other countries and to share common values, especially with its neighbours; Amendment 9 # Emmanuel MAUREL Draft opinion Paragraph 1 f (new) 1 f. considers that no ratification of a framework agreement is possible only if Switzerland takes tough measures to be removed from the list of "non cooperative countries on fiscal issues"; source: 634.550

Amendments

Dossier

114

2018/2262(INI)

2019/01/10 AFET 76 amendments...

Amendment 1 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Citation 5

~~— having regard to the Swiss Confederation’s withdrawal of its application for EU membership in July 2016,~~deleted

Amendment 10 #

Željana ZOVKO

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas the Swiss Federal Council wishes to conclude an institutional agreement with the EU that ensures legal certainty in the area of market access and preserves Swiss prosperity, independence and legal system7 ; _________________ 7 https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/dea/en/doc uments/fs/11-FS-Institutionelle- Fragen_en.pdfhas announced a stakeholder consultation on the result of the negotiations on the basis of the text agreed between the negotiators in mid-December;

Amendment 11 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas Switzerland has expressed its wish to leave binding material provisions on State aid for a future market access agreement and have access to the single market for electricity; whereas the Swiss Federal Council has announced a stakeholder consultation on the basis of the text agreed between the negotiators;

Amendment 12 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)

Da. whereas on 28 September 2018 the Federal Council approved the second Swiss contribution to a number of EU member states of CHF 1.3 billion over ten years and is now awaiting a positive decision of the Federal Assembly;

Amendment 13 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital D b (new)

Db. whereas Switzerland is member of the European Environment Agency;

Amendment 14 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital D c (new)

Dc. whereas Switzerland ratified participation in the European satellite navigation programmes Galileo and EGNOS;

Amendment 15 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital D d (new)

Dd. whereas Switzerland participates in the EU MEDIA programme, which encourages the development of European film industry, vocational training and distribution of European films;

Amendment 16 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital D e (new)

De. whereas Switzerland’s participation in the EU’s Horizon 2020 research framework programme and its predecessor Framework Programme 7 (FP7) has been valuable to all parties involved due to the high quality of proposals;

Amendment 17 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas Switzerland and the EU signed a ~~new~~n additional protocol to the Taxation and Savings Income Agreement on 27 May 2015, which requires that both parties automatically exchange information (AEI) on the financial accounts of each other’s residents from September 2018; whereas the EU listed Switzerland as ‘non- cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes’ in December 2017;

Amendment 18 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas Switzerland cooperates in the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and has participated in the civil and military peace missions of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), notably in Ukraine and Mali; whereas the EDA-Switzerland Framework for Cooperation signed in March 2012 enables exchange of information and foresees joint activities in research and technology and armament projects and programmes;

Amendment 19 #

Željana ZOVKO

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas Switzerland cooperates in the selected parts of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and has participated in the civil and military peace missions of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), notably in Ukraine and Mali;

Amendment 2 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Citation 11

~~— having regard to the EU- Switzerland Agreement on Education, Training and Youth, signed on 15 February 2010,~~deleted

Amendment 20 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital G a (new)

Ga. whereas Switzerland participates in the Schengen Information System (SIS), the Visa Information System (VIS), Eurodac EU asylum fingerprint database and will participate in the future Entry/Exit System (EES) recording crossing of EU’s external borders and the European Travel information and Authorization System (ETIAS) providing pre-travel security and irregular migration screening of visa-exempt non- EU nationals;

Amendment 21 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

H. whereas based on the Dublin association agreement, Switzerland is associated to parts of the EU asylum acquis; whereas Switzerland has contributed financially and operationally to Frontex since 20109;

Amendment 22 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital I

I. whereas in 2017, the Swiss population of 8.48 million included 2.13 million foreign nationals, 1.4 million of whom came from Member States of the EU and European Free Trade Association (EFTA); whereas 320 000 EU citizens commute to Switzerland every day,; wh~~ile 4~~ereas 750 000 Swiss nationals live abroad, of which 450 000 live in the EU;

Amendment 23 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital J

J. whereas in 2009, Switzerland agreed to continue the 1999 bilateral EU- Switzerland Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons (AFMP),which confers upon the Swiss and the EU member states’ citizens alike the right to freely choose their place of employment and residence within the national territories of the contracting parties;

Amendment 24 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital L

L. whereas Switzerland introduced ‘flanking measures’ in 2002 with the stated aim of protecting Swiss wages, working conditions and social standards, which the EU considers to be disproportionate and discriminating against EU operators;

Amendment 25 #

Željana ZOVKO

Motion for a resolution
Recital L

L. whereas Switzerland introduced ‘'flanking measures’' in 2002 with the stated aim of protecting Swiss wages, working conditions and social standards, which the EU considers to be not in line with the FMOPA;

Amendment 26 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

M. whereas ~~Switzerland wishes to exclude takeover oblig~~the implementations of the EU’s cCitizens~~hip and coordination of social security systems from the provisions of the institutional framework agreement~~ Directive and EU citizens rights for social welfare benefits and rights of establishment have caused concerns in Switzerland;

Amendment 27 #

Željana ZOVKO

Motion for a resolution
Recital N

N. whereas Switzerland has been a member of EFTA since 1960 and of the United Nations since 2002;

Amendment 28 #

Željana ZOVKO

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas the ‘Swiss law, not foreign judges" (Self-Determination Initiative)’ was rejected by popular vote by 66 % and by all cantons on 25 November 2018;

Amendment 29 #

Željana ZOVKO

Motion for a resolution
Recital O a (new)

Oa. whereas Switzerland is committed to political neutrality and as such has been the host to a number of international negotiations aiming to reach peaceful solutions to armed conflicts around the world;

Amendment 3 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Citation 14

— having regard to the 1972 EU- Switzerland Free Trade Agreement, which has been ~~expand~~adapted and updated over the years3 , _________________ 33 OJ L 300, 31.12.1972, p. 189. OJ L 300, 31.12.1972, p. 189.

Amendment 30 #

Željana ZOVKO

Motion for a resolution
Recital O b (new)

Ob. whereas the European Commission in late 2018 extended for six months its decision to recognise trading venues in Switzerland as eligible for compliance with the trading obligation for shares set out in the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive and Regulation (equivalence);

Amendment 31 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital O a (new)

Oa. whereas the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) is based in Geneva;

Amendment 32 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital O b (new)

Ob. whereas Switzerland hosts 25 major international organizations and conferences as their worldwide headquarters, most of them in Geneva;

Amendment 33 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital O c (new)

Oc. whereas hundreds of international non-governmental organizations are based in Switzerland providing advice to the UN and other non-governmental organizations;

Amendment 34 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Recital O d (new)

Od. whereas Switzerland plans to hold Federal elections on 20 October 2019;

Amendment 35 #

Reinhard BÜTIKOFER

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a

a) highlights that Switzerland and the EU enjoy close, broad and comprehensive relations, and that economic, political, social, environmental, scientific and people-to-people ties and links are strong, recalling the unique cultural and geographical proximity between the two;

Amendment 36 #

Željana ZOVKO

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point a

a) highlights that Switzerland and the EU enjoy close, broad and comprehensive relations, and that economic, political, social, scientific and people-to-people ties and links are ~~strong~~exemplary, recalling the unique cultural and geographical proximity between the two;

Amendment 37 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b

b) stresses that Switzerland is highly integrated with the EU, is a close-minded partner and shares European regional and global challenges with the EU; welcomes the Swiss statement that it is in its interest~~, and in the interest of the EU,~~ to renew and consolidate the bilateral approach and to forge an ever- closer relationship;

Amendment 38 #

Željana ZOVKO

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b

b) welcomes the Swiss statement that it is in ~~its interest, and in~~ their interest ~~of the EU~~, to renew and consolidate the bilateral approach and to forge an ever-closer relationship;

Amendment 39 #

Željana ZOVKO

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point b a (new)

ba) highlights that the EU has shown great flexibility in the negotiations for the IFA and that this has to be recognised by all parties concerned;

Amendment 4 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Citation 17

— having regard to the negotiations on an EU-Swiss Confederation electricity agreement, ~~which began in November 2007~~on food safety and on public health,

Amendment 40 #

Doru-Claudian FRUNZULICĂ

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point c

c) urges th~~at the EU’s relations with its close partner, Switzerland, be elevated through the timely conclusion of~~e conclusion of the bilateral Institutional framework agreement as soon as possible; welcomes the agreement by the negotiat~~ion~~ors on the ~~bilateral institutional framework agreement and highlights the potential to further intensify the relations that are already in place~~final text for the agreement; calls on the Swiss Federal Council to take a decision to conclude the agreement, as soon as the consultation of stakeholders has been positively concluded in this respect;

Amendment 41 #

Željana ZOVKO

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point c

c) urges that the EU’'s relations with its close partner, Switzerland, be ~~elevated through the timely conclusion of the negotiations on the bilateral institutional framework agreement and highlights the potential to further intensify the relation~~consolidated as soon as possible; stresses that the time has come to conclude the agreement after four years of negotiations; welcomes the agreement by negotiators on a final text for the Institutional framework agreement; calls on the Swiss Federal Council to take a decision to conclude this agreement, as soon as the consultation of stakeholders tha~~t are already in place~~s positively concluded in this respect;

Amendment 42 #

Reinhard BÜTIKOFER

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point c

c) urges that the EU’s relations with its close partner, Switzerland, be elevated through the timely conclusion of the negotiations on the bilateral institutional framework agreement aimed at bringing coherence to the existing situation including a dispute settlement mechanism and highlights the potential to further intensify the relations that are already in place;

Amendment 43 #

Georgios EPITIDEIOS