2020/2242(INI) A European Strategy for Hydrogen
Lead committee dossier:
Progress: Procedure completed
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | ITRE |
GEIER Jens ( S&D)
|
NIEBLER Angelika ( EPP),
GROOTHUIS Bart ( Renew),
CARÊME Damien ( Verts/ALE),
MARIANI Thierry ( ID),
KRASNODĘBSKI Zdzisław ( ECR),
BOMPARD Manuel ( GUE/NGL)
|
| Committee Opinion | ENVI |
BENTELE Hildegard ( EPP)
|
Joëlle MÉLIN ( ID)
|
| Committee Opinion | TRAN |
MAYER Georg ( ID)
|
Caroline NAGTEGAAL ( RE),
Clare DALY ( GUE/NGL)
|
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54, RoP 57
Legal Basis:
RoP 54, RoP 57Events
2021/11/09
EC - Commission response to text adopted in plenary
Documents
2021/05/19
EP - Decision by Parliament
Details
The European Parliament adopted by 411 votes to 135, with 149 abstentions, a resolution on a European strategy for hydrogen.
Hydrogen can be used as a raw material or energy source in industrial and chemical processes, in air, sea and road transport by heavy goods vehicles and in heating applications, as well as for energy storage.
However, hydrogen makes up about 2% of the EU's energy mix and 95% of it is produced from fossil fuels. Studies show that renewables could account for up to 100% of the EU's energy mix in 2050, that hydrogen could account for up to 20% in total, between 20% and 50% of energy used for transport and between 5% and 20% of energy used in industry.
A competitive and sustainable hydrogen economy could help the EU strengthen its economy, especially after the economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
EU hydrogen strategy
Parliament stressed the need to maintain and further develop EU technological leadership in clean hydrogen through a competitive and sustainable hydrogen economy with an integrated hydrogen market. It emphasised the necessity of an EU hydrogen strategy that covers the whole hydrogen value chain, including the demand and supply sectors, and is aligned with national efforts to ensure that sufficient supplementary renewable electricity generation infrastructure is built for the production of renewable hydrogen and to bring down the costs of renewable hydrogen.
The Commission is invited to take these strategies into account in its future legislative proposals and to align its approach on hydrogen with the new EU industrial strategy.
Hydrogen classification and standards
Parliament initially welcomed the Commission's proposed classification of the different types of hydrogen, while stressing the need to agree quickly on a comprehensive, accurate, uniform and science-based terminology at EU level. The term "renewable hydrogen" would be one way of clarifying the situation.
The Commission is called on to provide, as early as possible in 2021, a regulatory framework for hydrogen that ensures standardisation, certification, guarantees of origin, labelling and tradability across Member States, and to also use the upcoming revision of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) to examine what changes are needed to unlock the full potential of hydrogen to contribute to the EU’s climate goals, taking into account the risks of carbon leakage
Ramping up hydrogen production
Parliament considered that the Commission should swiftly propose a coherent, integrated and comprehensive regulatory framework for a hydrogen market. The EU gas market design and the Clean Energy Package could serve as basis and example for the regulation of the hydrogen market.
Parliament welcomed the Commission’s ambitious goals of increasing the capacity of electrolysers and renewable hydrogen production. It stressed the importance of phasing out fossil-based hydrogen as soon as possible, focussing on the cleanest technologies in terms of sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions.
Citizen engagement
Members stressed that citizen engagement will play an important role in the implementation of a fair, successful, participative and inclusive energy transition. Renewable energy communities could be involved in the production of hydrogen.
The Commission should adopt an action plan aimed at guiding Member States to develop and maintain dedicated training programmes for workers, engineers, technicians, and the general public, and to create multi-disciplinary teaching programmes for economists, scientists and students.
Hydrogen infrastructure
There is an urgent need to develop infrastructure for hydrogen production, storage and transport, to incentivise adequate capacity-building, and to develop demand and supply in parallel.
The resolution highlighted the financial benefits of placing hydrogen production facilities close to renewable energy production sites or on the same site as demand facilities. It urged the Commission and the Member States to ensure that any potential future gas infrastructure is compatible with pure hydrogen.
Hydrogen demand
Given that the main lead markets for hydrogen demand are industry, air, maritime and heavy-duty transport, Members believe that, for these sectors, roadmaps for demand development, investment and research needs should be established at EU level.
Parliament shares the Commission's view that demand-side measures and clear incentives for hydrogen applications and use in end-use sectors should be considered for a transitional period to stimulate hydrogen demand in order to promote hydrogen decarbonisation where this is necessary to preserve the competitiveness of end-users.
Recalling that the transport sector is responsible for a quarter of the EU's CO2 emissions, Parliament stressed the need to deploy refuelling infrastructure to stimulate the use of hydrogen in the transport sector. It stressed the need to strengthen legislation to encourage the use of zero-emission fuels and other clean technologies, including renewable hydrogen, and, once these are fully available, to consider their use in heavy-duty vehicles as well as in air and sea transport.
Research, development, innovation and financing
Parliament stressed the importance of research, development and innovation to make renewable hydrogen competitive and affordable. The Commission is invited to stimulate research and innovation for the implementation of large-scale pilot and demonstration projects to ensure technology transfer along the hydrogen value chain.
Documents
2021/05/18
EP - Results of vote in Parliament
Documents
2021/05/17
EP - Debate in Parliament
Documents
2021/04/08
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Details
The Committee on Industry, Research and Energy adopted the own-initiative report by Jens GEIER (S&D, DE) on a European Strategy for Hydrogen.
As hydrogen produced through electrolysis with electricity from renewable energy sources is a clean alternative to fossil fuels and can be used for various purposes, including feedstock for industrial processes, fuel cells and energy storage, it can make a valuable contribution to the achievement of a just transition towards a clean energy system. It can help to decarbonise hard-to-decarbonise sectors in which direct electrification is not yet possible or cost-efficient. However, hydrogen represents only a small part of the European energy mix and 95% of our hydrogen production is currently based on fossil fuels.
The EU needs to develop a sustainable hydrogen economy that aims at making clean hydrogen competitive as soon as possible.
EU hydrogen strategy
Members stressed the need to maintain and further develop EU technological leadership in clean hydrogen through a competitive and sustainable hydrogen economy with an integrated hydrogen market. They emphasised the necessity of an EU hydrogen strategy that covers the whole hydrogen value chain, including the demand and supply sectors, and is aligned with national efforts to ensure that sufficient supplementary renewable electricity generation infrastructure is built for the production of renewable hydrogen and to bring down the costs of renewable hydrogen.
Members welcomed the hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe proposed by the Commission, including the future revision of the Renewable Energy Directive, as well as the growing number of Member State strategies and investment plans for hydrogen.
The report stressed that hydrogen produced from renewable sources is key to the EU’s energy transition, as only renewable hydrogen can sustainably contribute to achieving climate neutrality in the long term and avoid lock-in effects and stranded assets.
Hydrogen classification and standards
Members consider that a common legal classification of the different types of hydrogen is of utmost importance. The Commission’s proposed classification seems to be a good solution according to the report. However, different names for the same type of hydrogen, such as ʻrenewableʼ and ʻcleanʼ hydrogen, should be avoided.
The Commission is called on to provide, as early as possible in 2021, a regulatory framework for hydrogen that ensures standardisation, certification, guarantees of origin, labelling and tradability across Member States, and to also use the upcoming revision of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) to examine what changes are needed to unlock the full potential of hydrogen to contribute to the EU’s climate goals, taking into account the risks of carbon leakage.
Citizen engagement
Members stressed that citizen engagement will play an important role in the implementation of a fair, successful, participative and inclusive energy transition.
Moreover, in order to have a properly functioning EU hydrogen market, people with specialised skills are needed, especially with regard to safety. The Commission should adopt an action plan aimed at guiding Member States to develop and maintain dedicated training programmes for workers, engineers, technicians, and the general public, and to create multi-disciplinary teaching programmes for economists, scientists and students.
Hydrogen infrastructure
There is an urgent need to develop infrastructure for hydrogen production, storage and transport, to incentivise adequate capacity-building, and to develop demand and supply in parallel.
The report highlighted the financial benefits of placing hydrogen production facilities close to renewable energy production sites or on the same site as demand facilities. It urged the Commission and the Member States to ensure that any potential future gas infrastructure is compatible with pure hydrogen.
Hydrogen demand
Given that the main lead markets for hydrogen demand are industry, air, maritime and heavy-duty transport, Members believe that, for these sectors, roadmaps for demand development, investment and research needs should be established at EU level.
Members noted that there are obstacles in some of the current regulatory frameworks to the use of hydrogen. Therefore, they encouraged the Commission and the Member States to adapt those regulatory frameworks in order to stimulate hydrogen demand and to eliminate disincentives such as legal uncertainties.
Recalling that the transport sector is responsible for a quarter of CO2 emissions in the EU and is the only sector where emissions have not been reduced compared to the 1990 baseline, the report underlined the potential of hydrogen to be one of the instruments used to reduce CO2 emissions in transport modes, in particular where full electrification is more difficult or not yet possible. The deployment of refuelling infrastructure is necessary to boost hydrogen use in the transport sector. In this regard, Members stressed the importance of revising the TEN-T (trans-European transport network) Regulation and the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive to ensure the availability of publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling stations across the EU by including concrete objectives to integrate hydrogen infrastructure in transport systems.
Documents
2021/03/18
EP - Vote in committee
2021/02/25
EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2021/02/05
EP - Committee opinion
Documents
2020/12/11
EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2020/12/11
EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2020/11/26
EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2020/11/26
EP - Referral to associated committees announced in Parliament
2020/11/19
EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2020/11/03
EP - MAYER Georg (ID) appointed as rapporteur in TRAN
2020/10/01
EP - BENTELE Hildegard (EPP) appointed as rapporteur in ENVI
2020/08/12
EP - GEIER Jens (S&D) appointed as rapporteur in ITRE
Documents
- Commission response to text adopted in plenary: SP(2021)538
- Decision by Parliament: T9-0241/2021
- Results of vote in Parliament: Results of vote in Parliament
- Debate in Parliament: Debate in Parliament
- Committee report tabled for plenary: A9-0116/2021
- Committee opinion: PE660.164
- Committee opinion: PE658.815
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE662.057
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE662.101
- Committee draft report: PE658.772
- Committee draft report: PE658.772
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE662.057
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE662.101
- Committee opinion: PE658.815
- Committee opinion: PE660.164
- Commission response to text adopted in plenary: SP(2021)538
Votes
Une stratégie européenne pour l'hydrogène - A European Strategy for Hydrogen - Eine europäische Wasserstoffstrategie - A9-0116/2021 - Jens Geier - Proposition de résolution #
2021/05/19 Outcome: +: 411, 0: 149, -: 135
PPE
NI
The Left| Amendments | Dossier |
| 598 |
2020/2242(INI)
2020/11/24
ENVI
213 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion Recital A (new) A. whereas hydrogen is already largely used across the world, and that less than 1 % of current production is used as an energy carrier;
Amendment 10 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that
Amendment 100 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 d (new) 3d. Reiterates that hydrogen main interest lies in its ability to bring flexibility and stability, in particular through electricity inter-seasonal storage, to the energy system in addition to the other network vectors; stresses that therefore the development of hydrogen transport and storage infrastructures must be planned alongside with the development of the means of energy production in a logic of technical and economic optimization in line with a long-term vision of its role;
Amendment 101 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 e (new) 3e. Stresses that hydrogen use also need to be targeted at industrial processes which are among the most difficult to decarbonize and not easily directly electrified, in particular the production of primary steel via hydrogen direct reduction of iron;
Amendment 102 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 f (new) 3f. Underlines that hydrogen's characteristics make it a good candidate to replace fossil fuels and reduce GHG emissions for certain types of heavy mobility that require high power and high energy carrying capacity such as ships, aeroplanes or trains operating on non- electrifiable lines; notes regarding ships that, on long-distance transport, the use of green ammonia also has advantages; considers, regarding aeroplanes, that in the near-future the use of green hydrogen-based synthetic kerosene is the most viable solution;
Amendment 103 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 g (new) 3g. Considers that the use of hydrogen in road mobility must be considered with great caution; underlines that all road vehicles equipped with hydrogen are now prohibitively expensive compared to other decarbonised solutions; stresses the absence of a distribution network serving a dense territorial network of service stations represents a potentially crippling handicap for considering mass development of road vehicles equipped with hydrogen; considers therefore that this development should by no means be considered as a priority;
Amendment 104 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 h (new) 3h. Stresses that the use of hydrogen for domestic heating is neither economically compatible nor environmentally desirable; underlines that the use of hydrogen-ready or hydrogen-mix boilers for heating buildings will have the sole result of preventing the transition of the home heating systems to more efficient and more cost-effective options such as heat pumps and renewable electricity;
Amendment 105 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry today is fossil-based; suggests that these existing use-cases of hydrogen are an opportunity for creating reliable demand for renewable-based hydrogen and should be prioritised in the rollout of renewable- based hydrogen to decarbonise the existing hydrogen consumption; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of research and investments in renewable- based hydrogen applications in industry and for State aid rules to allow for targeted support; underlines the importance of IPCEI, enabling EU-wide cooperation and connecting actors on all regional levels for sharing know-how and pooling knowledge, strategies and investment;
Amendment 106 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry today is fossil-based; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of research and investments in renewable hydrogen
Amendment 107 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry today is fossil-based; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of research and investments in renewable and low-carbon hydrogen applications in industry and for State aid rules to allow for targeted support, including for emission mitigation in blue hydrogen; stresses that there are already projects being developed of one design for different applications: steam for chemical processes, cogeneration combining turbines with various heat applications(district heating, industry) and CO2 free hydrogen production;
Amendment 108 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry today is fossil-based; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of research and investments in renewable hydrogen applications in industry and for State aid rules to allow for targeted support, including simplification of legislation for easier access to research project funding, both for large research centres and for smaller structures such as start-ups launched by young people;
Amendment 109 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry today is fossil-based; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of research and investments in renewable hydrogen applications in industry and for State aid rules to allow for targeted support; asks that sufficiently strong signals, both at demand, including specific end-use sectors, and GHG emission levels, are put in place to allow the sector to quickly scale up, so that H2 can becomes competitive in the very short term;
Amendment 11 #
1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; stresses that hydrogen is a necessary energy carrier for achieving climate neutrality by 2050, as set out in the European Green Deal; notes that an ambitious strategy can generate up to 1 million jobs and EUR 150 billion in annual revenue by 2030, while reducing annual CO2 emissions by roughly 560 Mt by 2050;
Amendment 110 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries
Amendment 111 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise transport and energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock and as a very effective medium of energy storage with a great potential of balancing intermittent supply and demand of renewables; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry today is fossil-based; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of successfully tested technologies, further research and
Amendment 112 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry today is fossil-based; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of research and investments in renewable hydrogen applications in all types of renewable hydrogen applications, for example hydrogen produced from electrolysers with fresh or sea water, or hydrogen produced from algae, in industry and for State aid rules to allow for targeted support;
Amendment 113 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry today is fossil-based; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of research and investments in renewable hydrogen applications in industry and for State aid rules to allow for targeted support, calls for a detailed plan to move from fossil fuels to renewable hydrogen without further locking in dependence on fossil-based hydrogen;;
Amendment 114 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of renewable hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry within the EU today is fossil-based; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of research and investments in renewable hydrogen applications in industry and for State aid rules to allow for targeted support and to ensure a level playing field by rapidly phasing out fossil fuel subsidies;
Amendment 115 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries
Amendment 116 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry today is fossil-based; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of research and investments in renewable and low-carbon hydrogen applications in industry
Amendment 117 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry today is fossil-based; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of research and investments in
Amendment 118 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used in industry today is fossil-based; calls, therefore, for the significant scaling up of research and investments in renewable and ultra-low- carbon hydrogen applications in industry and for State aid rules to allow for targeted support;
Amendment 119 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 4. Stresses the potential of hydrogen to decarbonise energy intensive industries and its importance as an industrial feedstock; notes, however, that up to 95 % of hydrogen used
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for renewable-based hydrogen; stresses that renewable-based hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise
Amendment 120 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Welcomes the Clean Hydrogen Alliance as a tool to coordinate the deployment of clean hydrogen throughout the EU with an expected cumulative investment from €180 to €470 billion by2050 and notes the potential for EU leadership in clean hydrogen; calls for strategic investments for the production and use of clean hydrogen, for the creation of an enabling network of infrastructure and for research and innovation; supports in this direction the efforts made by the Alliance in order to establish a workable pipeline of renewable hydrogen projects eligible for funding, as a role model for public-private partnerships;
Amendment 121 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Points out that renewable hydrogen obtained by electrolysis of water by means of low-carbon electricity such as nuclear, wind or hydro – solar is already almost too carbon-intensive because of the panel manufacturing process – poses an order-of-magnitude problem; points out that, in order to replace all types of fuel by hydrogen obtained by electrolysis by means of wind electricity, the EU would have to increase its installed capacity by a factor of 15 and double total electricity production;
Amendment 122 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses that renewable hydrogen may play a role in decarbonising some parts of the transport system, but that it should be used, following a cascading principle of use, only where direct electrification is not yet possible and therefore not in road transport; stresses that it should never replace an overall regulatory mix prioritising modal shift and binding CO2 standards;
Amendment 123 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses that the terms "clean hydrogen" and "low carbon hydrogen" are misleading; underlines that the distinction must be made absolutely clear and absolute between renewable hydrogen (i.e.; using only renewable electricity via electrolysis) on the one hand, and all the other type of hydrogen production which ought to be classified as non-renewable;
Amendment 124 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Emphasises the important role hydrogen can play in the area of mobility, particularly as regards heavy goods vehicles and long-distance haulage, and where electrification is not feasible; notes that hydrogen will also be important in the future in other sectors that are difficult to decarbonise, such as shipping and aviation;
Amendment 125 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Recalls that significate progress has been made on hydrogen-powered fuel cells and propulsion for aviation and maritime transport, which, alongside hydrogen powered fuel-cell use in passenger cars, can considerably help the transport sector to reduce its carbon footprint;
Amendment 126 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Calls for assessing the role of hydrogen in a wide range of applications, including in transport; points out to the fact that hybrid locomotives, using both electricity and hydrogen, could solve the problem with electrification of railways in some areas;
Amendment 127 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Holds the opinion that high safety standards are of utmost importance for wide public acceptance of hydrogen; asks therefore to promote best-practice examples and disseminate a hydrogen safety culture throughout the Union;
Amendment 128 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Stresses the importance of national and regional implementation of the strategy to ensure full usage of potential, coherent national legislation, and the possibility of inter-regional cooperation;
Amendment 129 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 a (new) 4a. Welcomes the fact that almost all Member States have included plans for clean hydrogen in their National Energy and Climate Plans and 26 Member States have signed the Hydrogen Initiative;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and to achieve the
Amendment 130 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Underlines that hydrogen originating from fossil gas through steam methane reforming, whether or not it involved CCS and CCUS technologies, is unsustainable and is not compatible with a transition towards a net zero GHG emissions society; stresses that existence CCS and CCUS technologies have proven to be neither scalable nor 100% efficient; underlines that relying on fossil gas will certainly lock the Union in a situation of dependency from external imports, unsustainable resource exploitation and continue GHG emissions due to the methane emissions along the entire value chain, such as leaks or gas flaring;
Amendment 131 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Notes in this connection that hydrogen is an efficient solution for storing all low-carbon electricity produced, in particular at times when overgeneration is identified on the electricity grid;
Amendment 132 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 b (new) 4b. Points out that fuel cell technologies rely on precious and scarce materials, their recyclability should therefore be guaranteed and a corresponding circular system be put in place;
Amendment 133 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) 4c. Points to the huge potential of low- carbon nuclear hydrogen to drive the transition to a renewable model; calls on the Commission and Member States to promote systematic equipping of European nuclear power plants with electrolysers in order, in particular, to quickly replace the production of fossil- energy-based hydrogen by ‘clean’ hydrogen;
Amendment 134 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 c (new) Amendment 135 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 d (new) 4d. Points to nuclear energy’s significant share of the Union’s energy mix: 27.5% of total European electricity production; points out, for instance, that France, where the nuclear share of the energy mix represents 70% of electricity production, is one of the most decarbonised European countries;
Amendment 136 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 d (new) 4d. Underlines that the blending of hydrogen with fossil gas in the gas grid will not result in emissions reductions but rather preclude dedicated hydrogen processes and retain the transmission and use of fossil gas;
Amendment 137 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 e (new) 4e. Considers that hydrogen, which can be produced by electrolysis from nuclear electricity or by pyrolysis, is a temporary and limited alternative that may be of limited interest for the short- term decarbonisation of industrial hydrogen; underlines that eventually, and by not later than 2030 onwards, these types of hydrogen shall decrease until their ultimate replacement by renewable hydrogen; stresses that these types of hydrogen should not be eligible to public funding;
Amendment 138 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 4 f (new) 4f. Underlines that only the development of renewable hydrogen is compatible with the objective of achieving climate neutrality; demands therefore that renewable hydrogen, and only renewable hydrogen, be eligible to public funding;
Amendment 139 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 Amendment 14 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system
Amendment 140 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that hydrogen’s high demand for cost-competitive renewable energy will exceed Europe’s potential; calls, therefore, for supporting the production of renewable energy within the UE, and for exploring pros and cons regarding the establishment of possible new energy partnerships
Amendment 141 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that hydrogen’s high demand for cost-competitive renewable energy will exceed Europe’s potential, but should as a priority be produced in Europe to increase security of supply; calls, therefore, for the establishment of new energy partnerships and for inter- connectivity with neighbouring countries, taking into account the fact that new partnerships, especially those with Africa
Amendment 142 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 143 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 144 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that hydrogen’s high demand for cost-competitive renewable energy and need for a sovereign production chain will far exceed
Amendment 145 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that hydrogen’s high demand for cost-competitive renewable energy will exceed Europe’s potential; calls, therefore, for the establishment of new energy partnerships and, in the longer term, for inter-
Amendment 146 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that
Amendment 147 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that hydrogen’s high demand for cost-competitive renewable energy will exceed Europe’s potential; calls, therefore, for the establishment of new energy partnerships and for inter- connectivity with neighbouring countries, while taking into account
Amendment 148 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that hydrogen’s high demand for cost-competitive renewable
Amendment 149 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that hydrogen’s high demand for cost-competitive renewable energy will exceed Europe’s potential; calls, therefore, for the establishment of new energy partnerships and for inter- connectivity within Europe and together with neighbouring countries,
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; notes that an ambitious strategy can generate up to 1 million jobs and EUR 150 billion in annual revenue by 2030, while reducing annual CO2 emissions by roughly 560 Mt by 2050; calls, therefore, on the Commission to introduce a comprehensive terminology and criteria for the comprehensive certification of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen, since this constitutes the basis for any future investments, while taking into account that this terminology needs to fit into a robust international framework in order to avoid mislabelling or double counting of environmental impacts;
Amendment 150 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that hydrogen’s high demand for cost-competitive renewable energy will exceed
Amendment 151 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5.
Amendment 152 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 5. Stresses that hydrogen production’s high demand for cost- competitive renewable energy will exceed Europe’s potential; calls, therefore, for the establishment of new energy partnerships and for inter-
Amendment 153 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Stresses the need for a proper assessment of the relevance of imports of renewable hydrogen from third countries, in particular as regards the carbon impact of shipping it; calls in this connection on the Commission and Member States to discuss the definition of criteria for the labelling of clean hydrogen that could be jointly adopted and locally applied by national industrial sectors;
Amendment 154 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Welcomes the creation of a comprehensive terminology and certification of hydrogen, as well as launching Guarantees of Origin (GOs) and sustainability certificates; considers that these measures are crucial to ensure full transparency and the possibility to consciously choose the most climate- friendly options, as well as increase diversification of energy suppliers;
Amendment 155 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Calls for the regulation of trans- European energy networks to be revised to support the development of networks and interconnection projects focused on hydrogen; stresses, in this regard, the need to incorporate a long-term vision for the development of hydrogen infrastructure in Europe;
Amendment 156 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Points out that due to the chemical characteristics of the H2 molecule, it is particularly complicated to transport; therefore strongly recommends to (re) locate the production of hydrogen in order to minimize the length of the supply networks and thus minimize losses;
Amendment 157 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Notes the comparatively high willingness to pay for clean fuels across mobility and transport modes; calls for the environmental benefits of their use in existing transport fleets to be taken into account when adjusting legislation to enable the EU hydrogen economy;
Amendment 158 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Stresses that hydrogen energy storage is a possible way of balancing variable renewable energy flows, which can be achieved through close collaboration between the public and private sectors at EU level;
Amendment 159 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Stresses the need to also invest in research in new alternatives to generate green hydrogen such as hydrogen generation from photosynthesis;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; notes that an ambitious strategy can generate up to 1
Amendment 160 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) Amendment 161 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Stresses the fact the development of hydrogen in Europe cannot be made at expense of third countries, either by relocating potential GHG emissions associated with the production of hydrogen or by monopolising their water resources for European usage;
Amendment 162 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Appeals to create a framework for sharing progress reports and best practices between states to ensure the most effective and cheap technologies to be implemented, as well as successful cooperation and common usage of assets;
Amendment 163 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Emphasises the need to revise the energy taxation directive in order to reduce the costs of hydrogen production and to benefit the sectors that contribute most to decarbonisation;
Amendment 164 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 b (new) 5b. Calls on the Commission to level the playing field and remove unintended as well as redundant regulatory hurdles for hydrogen in the upcoming revision of EU Directive 2018/2001 [RED II];
Amendment 165 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 c (new) Amendment 166 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 c (new) 5c. Points out that the goal of producing 1 million tonnes of renewable hydrogen in the EU by 2024 can only be achieved if the Commission succeeds in harmonising the different legislative provisions affecting the industrial sector, in particular the energy sector;
Amendment 167 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 d (new) 5d. Expresses its worriedness over the fact that countries like Japan import hydrogen from third countries, such as Australia, which is produced by using fossil fuels, coal for instance; calls on the Commission and Member States to not emulate such development; stresses therefore the need to take into account the carbon content embedded in imported hydrogen; considers that imported hydrogen must be covered by the future European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism;
Amendment 168 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 e (new) 5e. Recalls that the development of hydrogen is intrinsically linked to fuel cells; underlines that fuel cells continue to rely on precious metal catalysts – primarily platinum; points out that the mining required for this development consumes large amounts of water, and that this may compete with the needs of local populations, particularly in regions subject to water stress; stresses that mining activities in countries outside the EU may result in acute pollution affecting the quality of the water, air and earth and leading to deforestation and a loss of biodiversity; points out that mining activities mainly take place in developing countries, where labour standards are far less protective than in the EU, and that as a result, working conditions in mining operations endanger the health and lives of the miners; stresses that the pollution caused by mining has a direct impact on the means of subsistence of local people and may, in the long term, drive them to move away; points out that local people suffer indirect consequences from the contamination of the water, air and earth, with a major impact on their health;
Amendment 169 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 5 f (new) 5f. Underlines that water consumption associated with hydrogen production is due to increase with the development of renewable hydrogen; recalls that fresh water is a critical resource for both human and ecosystem needs; stresses that climate change is exacerbating water scarcity; recalls that simple aggregation of freshwater consumption embedded in hydrogen production could be misleading as freshwater availability and the corresponding freshwater consumption can vary significantly across regions and time of the year; stresses therefore the need of careful spatial planning when establishing renewable hydrogen production facilities in order to minimise the impact of region freshwater consumption incurred by this production on regional water supply;
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; notes that an ambitious strategy can generate up to 1 million jobs and EUR 150 billion in annual revenue by 2030, while reducing annual CO2 emissions by roughly 560 Mt by 2050; calls, therefore, on the Commission to introduce a comprehensive terminology and criteria for the certification of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen, inspired in the classification already endorsed by the industry in the 33rd Madrid Forum in 2019, since this constitutes the basis for any future investments;
Amendment 170 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of renewable hydrogen, carbon capture and storage and hydrogen compatible infrastructures a key spending priority under the Recovery and Resilience Plans, Just Transition Plans, InvestEU, Horizon Europe, TEN-E and TEN-T, and the ETS Innovation Fund; notes that, in order to build up a sustainable hydrogen economy, carbon capture and storage cannot be considered only as transitional activities but as sustainable activities enabling the achievements of climate objectives;
Amendment 171 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of renewable hydrogen, carbon capture and storage and hydrogen compatible infrastructures a key spending priority under the Recovery and Resilience Plans, Just Transition Plans, InvestEU, Horizon Europe, TEN-E and TEN-T, and the ETS Innovation Fund; underlines in this context the importance of applying the efficiency first principle to ensure that infrastructure build-out supports the most cost-efficient decarbonisation paths;
Amendment 172 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of renewable hydrogen, carbon capture use and storage and hydrogen compatible infrastructures a key spending priority under the Recovery and Resilience Plans, Just Transition Plans, InvestEU, Horizon Europe, TEN-E and TEN-T, and the ETS Innovation Fund; calls on the Commission to further explore synergies between TEN-T and TEN-E to optimise the production, use and transport of hydrogen;
Amendment 173 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of renewable
Amendment 174 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission
Amendment 175 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of renewable hydrogen production in short circuits, carbon capture and storage and hydrogen compatible infrastructures a key spending priority under the Recovery and Resilience Plans, Just Transition Plans, InvestEU, Horizon Europe, TEN-E and TEN-T, and the ETS Innovation Fund, as it will foster sustainable economy, jobs, EU leadership and resilience;
Amendment 176 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of electricity grid development, renewable- based hydrogen,
Amendment 177 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen, carbon capture and storage and utilization, as well as hydrogen compatible infrastructures
Amendment 178 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of renewable hydrogen,
Amendment 179 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of renewable hydrogen, in pure form and as a synthetic fuel and a biofuel, carbon capture and storage and hydrogen compatible infrastructures a key spending priority under the Recovery and Resilience Plans, Just Transition Plans, InvestEU, Horizon Europe, TEN-E and TEN-T, and the ETS Innovation Fund.
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; notes that an ambitious strategy can generate up to 1 million jobs and EUR 150 billion in annual revenue by 2030, while reducing annual CO2 emissions by roughly 560 Mt by 2050; calls, therefore, on the Commission to introduce a comprehensive terminology and
Amendment 180 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of renewable hydrogen, carbon capture and storage (CCS), as well as carbon capture and utilization (CCU), and hydrogen compatible infrastructures a key spending priority under the Recovery and Resilience Plans, Just Transition Plans, InvestEU, Horizon Europe, TEN-E and TEN-T, and the ETS Innovation Fund;
Amendment 181 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of 100 %renewable hydrogen
Amendment 182 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make the development of renewable and ultra-low-carbon hydrogen, carbon capture and storage and hydrogen compatible infrastructures a key spending priority under the Recovery and Resilience Plans, Just Transition Plans, InvestEU, Horizon Europe, TEN-E and TEN-T, and the ETS Innovation Fund;
Amendment 183 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6.
Amendment 184 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to make energy efficiency, the development of
Amendment 185 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Stresses that the efficiency-first principle has to be respected rigorously in hydrogen production and use; stresses that in many cases direct use of electricity is more efficient than transformation to hydrogen with subsequent use; therefore underlines the need to only use hydrogen where direct electrification is not possible, including certain types of industrial production, aviation and shipping, and prioritising the sectors with the biggest greenhouse gas reduction per generated unit of hydrogen; further emphasises the priority to produce hydrogen from surplus energy including curtailed wind power and to incentivise the production of hydrogen from surplus energy;
Amendment 186 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Stresses that coal regions and their communities were in the past, after production had been phased out, often left behind, reiterates that Green Deal and new Strategies, including hydrogen strategy and offshore wind strategy with the help of the Just Transition and Recovery and Resilience funding should as a priority look into the potential of the regions in question to contribute to the strategic goals of the EU, e.g. as technology hubs, to properly address needs of requalification and provide for new opportunities;
Amendment 187 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Encourages the Commission to boost the identification and promotion of areas in the EU considered to be hydrogen clusters or hubs; calls for special support for these environments to ensure that they can carry out their work as a driving force in the implementation of the European hydrogen strategy; underlines the importance of conferring leadership on the European Hydrogen Valleys Partnership as the key organisation for the organisation and transfer of knowledge between the different European clusters;
Amendment 188 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Stresses that there is a fundamental and irremediable conflict between the interests of the fossil fuel industry and the general interest of the Union to promote the development of renewable hydrogen; demands therefore that fossil fuel industry must be forbidden any access in design and development of public policies regarding the development of hydrogen; calls on the Commission and Member States to immediately end any partnerships with the fossil fuel industry on this matter;
Amendment 189 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Call on the Commission to develop innovative financial solutions to facilitate the deployment of these technologies in local territories through for instance EIB guarantees to reduce the initial risk of co- investments for local authorities or to support simplified procedure enabling the uptake of offtake agreements;
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for green and low-carbon hydrogen; stresses that green hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; notes that an ambitious strategy can generate up to 1 million jobs and EUR 150 billion in annual
Amendment 190 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Stresses that coal regions in transition should be prioritized in terms of access to funding for renewable hydrogen infrastructures, creation of employment opportunities, upskilling and reskilling of the existing workforce as they will bear first the costs and hardships of the transition to climate neutrality;
Amendment 191 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls on the Commission to include the support of hydrogen refuelling stations on the TEN-T Core Network, particularly in the proximity of logistics centres, due to the important role of hydrogen in the medium term decarbonisation of heavy-duty vehicles and particularly of long-haul road transport;
Amendment 192 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Deplores that the Hydrogen Strategy remains silent on the significant role small- and medium-size enterprises play in the Union’s energy and transport value-chains, especially in hydrogen research and innovation; underlines that dedicated hydrogen support tools must be accessible for Union SMEs;
Amendment 193 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls for EU funding and support to be stepped up in this area, whether through the Recovery Fund or the Innovation Fund; stresses that this should also be an EIB priority in the context of green finance vehicles;
Amendment 194 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Calls for innovative national low- carbon projects to be given priority as regards the allocation of European research funding in order to support the efforts of all actors, including SMEs and university research departments;
Amendment 195 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Denotes that given the nature of hydrogen, special attention should be dedicated to ensuring the safety and security of the related infrastructure and storage to minimize risks of natural and man-made disasters;
Amendment 196 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Recommends greater investment in research and development for potential new renewable energy sources and vectors and continuing support for existing ones;
Amendment 197 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Underlines the need for transparency regarding the carbon footprint and certification of origins of electricity-generated hydrogen, including when generated from transmission networks; stresses that power which is used for hydrogen has to be additional, including times of low demand, to avoid that it is taken away from direct use; underlines that hydrogen generated from nuclear or fossil power installations cannot be considered sustainable and should not receive public support;
Amendment 198 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Expresses its deep worriedness over the prevailing influence of gas lobbies in shaping the EU Hydrogen Strategy; denounces any attempt to greenwash the use and funding of fossil fuels through of so-called low carbon hydrogen; urges the Commission to end any loopholes in its strategy which could serve as a basis for funding projects in which natural gas is the source of the hydrogen;
Amendment 199 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Welcomes the Commission’s initiative to revise EU energy taxation; calls on the Commission and the Council to level the playing field across energy carriers to facilitate sector integration, while fully respecting, and not interfering with Member State competences over tax policy;
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion Recital B (new) B. whereas 43% of the world's hydrogen production is used to produce ammonia, which itself is mainly used to produce ammonia-based agricultural fertilizers; whereas 52% is used for the refining and desulphurization of hydrocarbons; whereas 5% is used for the synthesis of methanol (plastics, solvents, glues…) and other uses;
Amendment 20 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen
Amendment 200 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Calls on the Commission to propose ambitious measures in the upcoming revision of the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive to accelerate the development of an EU-wide hydrogen refuelling network, including by establishing mandatory requirements;
Amendment 201 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) Amendment 202 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Urges to establish unified standards governing the limit levels of hydrogen in gas transmission systems to facilitate the creation of the common European hydrogen network;
Amendment 203 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 c (new) 6c. Expresses its profound outrage at the revelation made that Hydrogen Europe, a fossil fuel-supported lobbying group, is acting as the secretariat of the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance; denounces the fact there no civil society organisation, environmental NGOs, independent experts or even renewable energy companies are members of this Alliance; brands therefore this European Clean Hydrogen Alliance as a greenwashed fossil lobby consortium; calls on the Commission to immediately abolish this Alliance;
Amendment 204 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 c (new) 6c. Regrets that training, up-, and reskilling strategies and a just transition towards an H2-ready workforce do not play a role in the EU hydrogen strategy so far; calls on the Commission to raise data about the possible impacts, opportunities and challenges in the transformation of industry, transport and energy towards the scaling-up of hydrogen; Calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop sectoral transformation strategies in this regards, together with the companies and the unions.
Amendment 205 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 c (new) 6c. Stresses the potential of decentralised hydrogen production for the creation of jobs and value in rural areas; calls on the Commission and Member States to consider incentives for the creation of local and regional hydrogen clusters in the relevant programmes;
Amendment 206 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 d (new) 6d. Underlines that for the cost- competitiveness of hydrogen generated from electricity, consumer prices on electricity have to be lowered and external costs have to be included into fossil fuel consumption prices; notes that in no sector the external costs on fossil fuels are sufficiently included and in some sectors prices on greenhouse gas emissions are in fact absent, notably in shipping and aviation; calls for an effective carbon border adjustment mechanism for shielding European production from unfair high-carbon competition;
Amendment 207 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 d (new) 6d. Stresses the importance of setting up an Important Project of Common European Interest (IPCEI) on hydrogen in order to coordinate investments and projects across Member States and hence to move towards a robust interconnected European hydrogen value chain;
Amendment 208 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 d (new) 6d. Stresses that coal regions in transition should be prioritized in terms of access to funding for renewable hydrogen infrastructures as they will bear first the costs and hardships of the transition to climate neutrality;
Amendment 209 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 e (new) 6e. Calls for comprehensive, coherent and coordinated support plans on a European scale to allow producers and users of renewable-based hydrogen to roll out predictable hydrogen production with long term planning security; suggests that these should include Carbon Contracts- for-Difference for industrial end products and for the hydrogen itself, covering the difference to fossil-based hydrogen; underlines that, in order to apply this tool, the EU Environmental and Energy Aid Guidelines for State Aid and the Renewable Energy Directive must be adapted accordingly; suggests further the regulatory use of climate surcharges on material-intensive final products, of mandatory quota for the use of renewable-based hydrogen in steel or chemical productions and in aviation and shipping for fuels with progression over time and a view to 100% renewables in 2050, and of positive incentives like accounting for renewable-based hydrogen-produced steel within the eco- innovation rules for the regulation on CO2-emissions from new passenger cars; underlines the need to adapt the relevant legislative acts like Construction products regulation, the Energy performance of buildings directive, and the Renewable energy directive; suggests to use carbon shadow prices in public tenders of at least 100€/t CO2;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; notes that an ambitious strategy can generate up to 1 million jobs and EUR 150 billion in annual revenue by 2030, while reducing annual CO2 emissions by roughly 560 Mt by 2050; calls, therefore, on the Commission to introduce a comprehensive terminology and criteria for the certification of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen, based on life cycle assessment, taking into account production and transport modes used, since this constitutes the basis for any future investments;
Amendment 210 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 f (new) 6f. Notes that, despite having invested considerable time and money in research and demonstration of Carbon Capture and Storage, there is still no existing project on industrial scale that shows the viability of this technology; therefore doubts that a relevant rollout of safe and affordable CCS-technologies can arrive in time to make “blue” hydrogen a viable and cost-competitive solution; further stresses that in several industrial applications, including notably concrete production, there are yet no alternative solutions and therefore possible CCS sites have to be reserved for these applications due their limited character; underlines that renewable-based hydrogen can become cost-competitive until 2030, while the technology is already deployable and safe;
Amendment 211 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 g (new) 6g. Calls for transparency and inclusion of the civil and scientific society in all coordination and planning bodies, especially the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance;
Amendment 212 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 h (new) 6h. Calls for the application of sustainability criteria that limit carbon payback times to less than 10 years with regards to biomass-based hydrogen, as recommended by the EASAC;
Amendment 213 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 6 i (new) 6i. Calls for assessing and improving the resource use in hydrogen production, in line with the circular economy, regarding especially material use for electrolysers and water use;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; notes that an ambitious strategy can realize hydrogen benefits for all Member States by fostering a Hydrogen Union, generate up to 1 million jobs and EUR 150 billion in annual revenue by 2030, while reducing annual
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for clean hydrogen; stresses that clean hydrogen is an important tool to
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that renewable hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and industry to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; notes that an ambitious strategy can generate up to 1 million jobs and EUR 150 billion in annual revenue by 2030, while reducing annual CO2 emissions by roughly 560 Mt by 2050; calls, therefore, on the Commission to introduce a comprehensive terminology and criteria for the certification of renewable and
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; notes that an ambitious strategy can generate up to 1 million jobs and EUR 150 billion in annual revenue by 2030, while reducing annual CO2 emissions by roughly 560 Mt by 2050; calls, therefore, on the Commission to introduce a comprehensive terminology and criteria for the certification of
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union as a standard-setting and world-leading region for hydrogen; stresses that hydrogen is an important tool to decarbonise the energy system and to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; notes that an ambitious strategy can generate up to 1 million jobs and EUR 150 billion in annual revenue by 2030, while reducing annual CO2 emissions by roughly 560 Mt by 2050; calls, therefore, on the Commission to introduce a comprehensive terminology and criteria for the certification of renewable and ultra-low-carbon hydrogen, since this constitutes the basis for any future investments;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 1. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to establish the European Union
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Welcomes the efforts made so far by the Member States and the Commission to promote hydrogen as an energy carrier for the future; encourages the Commission to continue on this path and to step up its efforts to make the EU a leading force in this sector; calls on the Commission to make the necessary effort to facilitate and boost research and investment in hydrogen by the Member States; stresses the need to include local and regional authorities as essential actors and underlines their role as key actors in ensuring the proper and swift implementation of EU policies;
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Highlights that producing hydrogen is highly energy- and resource- intensive, in particular in terms of water and raw materials, and that the use of renewable hydrogen should therefore be restricted to applications where there are no sustainable alternatives, taking into account, based on a cascading principle of use, the energy efficiency first principle and a full life-cycle approach;
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion Recital C (new) C. whereas the production and the use of ammonia-based fertilizers is responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and polluting gases, pollution of water bodies with nitrate, disruptions of the global nitrogen cycle, and deoxygenation of the oceans, which has nefarious consequences on marine biodiversity;
Amendment 30 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Notes that green hydropower is an important and necessary supplement to the electrification of European energy as certain sectors such as heavy industry and transport are likely to remain reliant on combustible fuels and the production of batteries for electrification in the transport sector leads to high environmental damages in lithium- mining countries;
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Highlights that replacing fossil based hydrogen and developing further capacities will require significant scaling up of renewables; stresses in this context that only renewables with low carbon payback period should be considered for classifying hydrogen as renewable and low carbon and such should not compete for feedstock with material uses;
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Notes that the Commission in 20181a projected hydrogen to take 13-14% of the share of the Union’s energy mix by2050; suggests to update that projection in light of the 2030 climate target ambition to facilitate a share of at least 20% for hydrogen and its derivatives by 20502a; _________________ 1a A Clean Planet for All. A European strategic long-term vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy, COM(2018) 773. 2aMoya et al. 2019 (JRC116452) find that “[i]n most scenarios, hydrogen and derived fuels add up to between 10% and 23% of the2050 EU final energy consumption”; the FCH 2JU’s 2019 Hydrogen Roadmap Europe (doi:10.2843/341510) projects hydrogen to provide up to 24% of total EU energy demand by 2050.
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Emphasizes the importance of communication campaigns both with industry and society to explain the upcoming economic and environmental benefits of the hydrogen energy transformation;
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Expresses its concerns on the possible NOx emissions that hydrogen combustion can produce and calls on the Commission to specifically consider this issue;
Amendment 35 #
1a. Emphasises the significance of the planned IPCEI on hydrogen;
Amendment 36 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Emphasises the opportunity which hydrogen offers for many regions that are currently in the process of decarbonising their economy, where boosting hydrogen is a key factor; highlights the potential for job creation in these regions, as well as in many sectors, such as transport or heavy industry, where hydrogen from renewable energy sources will contribute to drastic reductions in the greenhouse gas emissions which they currently generate;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 b (new) Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 1 c (new) 1c. Welcomes efforts of European steel producers to switch from fossil fuels to green hydrogen as one tool to produce fossil-free steel;
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to renewable and ultra-low-carbon hydrogen production to achieve the Union’s 2050 climate neutrality target, while ensuring technological neutrality; points out that during a transitional period, incentives will be required to scale-up renewable and ultra-low-carbon hydrogen in industry and the transport sector, building on the established Emission Trading System (ETS) framework; considers it essential to highlight the potential of hydrogen in areas where electrification is not the most efficient option or is not technically possible in the medium term, such as public transport and urban services, or in intermodal transport such as ports, airports and logistics platforms, as well as rail transport;
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion Recital D (new) D. whereas hydrocarbons are fossil fuels, and their use is largely responsible for the global warming facing humanity; whereas the Paris agreement aims to contain the rise in the average temperature of the planet to significantly below 2 ° C compared to pre-industrial levels and to continue the action taken to limit the rise in temperature at 1.5 ° C from pre-industrial levels;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to
Amendment 41 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to renewable and ultra-low-carbon hydrogen taxonomy aligned production to achieve the Union’s 2050 climate neutrality target, while ensuring technological neutrality; points out that during a transitional period, incentives will be required to scale-up renewable and ultra-low-carbon taxonomy aligned hydrogen in industry and the transport sector, building on the established Emission Trading System (ETS) framework; call on the Commission to develop a roadmap for the deployment and upscaling of electrolysers to ensure their cost-effectiveness in the main sectors of hydrogen use;
Amendment 42 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to renewable
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to renewable and ultra-low-carbon hydrogen production to achieve the Union’s 2050 climate neutrality target, while ensuring technological neutrality; points out, however, that during a transitional period, incentives will be required to ensure a level playing field and scale-up renewable and ultra-low-carbon hydrogen in industry and the transport sector, building on the revision of the Renewable Energy directive (RED) and established Emission Trading System (ETS)
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to renewable
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to renewable
Amendment 47 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to renewable and
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition as safely as possible to renewable and ultra-low-carbon hydrogen production to achieve the Union’s 2050 climate neutrality target, while ensuring technological neutrality; points out that during a transitional period, incentives will be required to scale-up renewable and ultra-low-carbon hydrogen in industry and the transport sector, building on the established Emission Trading System (ETS) framework;
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion Recital E (new) E. whereas pure hydrogen is not present on Earth and must be produced from energy sources; whereas 95% of hydrogen is produced today by steam reforming hydrocarbons, in other words from fossil fuels, and therefore is responsible for 2.5 % of global GHG emissions, which is equivalent to the emissions of United Kingdom and Indonesia combined;
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to renewable
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to renewable
Amendment 52 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to renewable and ultra-low-carbon hydrogen production to achieve the Union’s 2050 climate neutrality target, while ensuring technological neutrality; points out that during a transitional period, incentives will be required to scale-up renewable and ultra-low-carbon hydrogen
Amendment 53 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to renewable and
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 2. Notes that hydrogen may be produced through a variety of processes; stresses the importance of a clear commitment to the transition to 100% renewable
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Notes that the cost of green hydropower is currently up to three times as high as the cost of fossil-based hydrogen; stresses that investments are important to improve the cost- competitiveness of green hydropower as compared to fossil-based hydrogen; notes that studies suggest that costs for the production of hydrogen from renewable energy could fall by almost 30% by 2030; welcomes that the Commission`s economic recovery plan "Next Generation EU" highlights hydrogen as an investment priority and has doubled the amount of funding for clean hydrogen research and innovation;
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Underlines that a key factor for fully developing the potential of hydrogen in a cost-effective manner is CO2-pricing, calls therefore on the Commission to use the upcoming revision of the ETS to examine which changes to the ETS are needed to allow hydrogen to fully unfold its potential to reach our climate goals, while taking into account the risks of carbon-leakage; calls, in particular, on the Commission to consider the development of innovative instruments such as carbon contracts of difference (CCfD) to incentivise and scale-up the production of renewable hydrogen until they are cost-competitive;
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Calls on the Commission to not reject any sort of hydrogen a priori, but rather to look into coherence with other policy objectives: benefits of hydrogen produced locally (thus avoiding emissions and costs related to transport), decreasing dependence on import from third countries, the needs for just transition where hydrogen production could be an alternative for traditional fossil fuels production thus enabling smooth changes on the labour market in the sectors affected by the climate transition;
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Takes note of the Commission’s ambition to achieve Union climate neutrality by 2050; points out that the Union’s primary objective must be to decarbonise the energies used and European industry; stresses in this connection that hydrogen can help realise that objective through carbon capture, energy source selection and supply rationalisation;
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses that due to the expected steep increase of demand for renewable and low-carbon hydrogen and in order to contribute to the targets of the Circular Economy Strategy by closing the resource cycle, common low-carbon standards and European-wide criteria for the certification of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen should allow for flexibility to use various available hydrogen production pathways, including i.a. waste incineration;
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion Recital F (new) F. whereas steel production represents around 10 % of direct and indirect GHG emissions worldwide; whereas maritime transports emits about 2.5 % of GHG emissions; whereas aviation accounts 2 % of GHG emissions; whereas the development of renewable hydrogen could help cut emissions in these sectors;
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Recalls that green or renewable hydrogen production will require an important scale-up of zero-carbon electricity production; asks the Commission to clarify the role of nuclear energy for hydrogen production during the transition period, and notes that hydrogen as an energy source should be limited to specific energy intensive industrial sectors and transport while strengthening hydrogen for energy storage and as an energy carrier;
Amendment 61 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Notes that, at present, neither renewable hydrogen nor fossil-based hydrogen with carbon capture is cost- competitive by comparison with fossil- based hydrogen; considers it therefore important to forge European-level partnerships such as the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance;
Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Reiterates the Green Deal ambition to decarbonise the maritime transport sector, emphasises in that aim the great potential of hydrogen to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, ranging from shipping, short-sea shipping, inland waterways, to passenger transport and cruising;
Amendment 63 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Stresses the need to develop, in collaboration with academic circles and industrial partners, clear hydrogen production safety standards in order to avoid subsequent accidents with serious consequences;
Amendment 64 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 a (new) 2a. Supports measures to coordinate efforts of different stakeholders to create a common approach by policymakers, industry, and investors;
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Underlines the strategic role of ports in the energy transition as main entry points of energy commodities ranging from production, importation, storage and distribution, recalls that the establishment of short circuits is crucial, for example through renewable hydrogen production from energies produced at sea, in industrial basins such as in ports; stresses therefore the importance to invest in refuelling and recharging infrastructures in maritime and inland ports;
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Is of the opinion that the development of emissions trading for the transport sector, based on a proper impact assessment, can be an important instrument to scale-up hydrogen in the transport sector; calls, furthermore, on the Commission to assess the introduction of specific sub-targets for hydrogen in the transport sector in the revision of the Renewable Energy directive (RED) in order to ensure a level playing field with other renewable energy carriers;
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Underlines that hydrogen production can greatly contribute to the efficiency of volatile renewable energy production by flexibly increasing electricity demand at times of peak supply; calls for better incentives for the use of surplus renewable energies for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous fuels of non-biological origin in the upcoming revision of the Renewable Energy Directive;
Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 b (new) 2b. Asks the Commission to clearly state that energy efficiency and sobriety are powerful means for achieving the Paris Agreement goals and the Union’s 2050 climate neutrality target;
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 c (new) Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion Recital G (new) G. whereas hydrogen (H2) presents storage and transport difficulties, due to its very small size, very low density and very high flammability;
Amendment 70 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 c (new) 2c. Insists on the importance to invest in research and innovation to develop reliable recycling and dismantling techniques and infrastructures for hydrogen fuel-cells in the European Union; recalls that such an industry is both indispensable to ensure an environmentally friendly use of renewable hydrogen, and to establish a European leadership in the energy transition;
Amendment 71 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 2 c (new) 2c. Calls on the Commission to explore the potential of hydrogen production by renewable energy communities in the upcoming revision of the Renewable Energy Directive in order to strengthen the decentralisation of energy production and the engagement of citizens in the energy transition;
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is a key enabler of the renewable energy transition, as it can stabilise and balance the electricity network
Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is a key enabler of the renewable energy transition, as it can stabilise and balance the electricity network and decarbonise heat production, which would be hugely beneficial for low- emission buildings; asks, therefore, the Commission to update and harmonise regulations on hydrogen blending in the short term and support the retrofitting of existing and developing missing networks to replace gas with hydrogen in the medium term, wherever possible; measures to enable the blending of natural gas and H2 in the gas network should be considered as an enabling intermediate step on the road to 2050, facilitating the rapid development of H2 production capacity in the most suitable areas, at scale and with no significant infrastructure costs;
Amendment 74 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is a key enabler of the renewable energy transition through energy storage, transmission and sector coupling, as it can stabilise and balance the electricity network and decarbonise heat production, which would be hugely beneficial for low-
Amendment 75 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is a key enabler of the renewable energy transition, as it can stabilise and balance the electricity network and decarbonise heat production, which would be hugely beneficial for low- emission buildings; asks, therefore, the Commission to update and harmonise regulations on hydrogen blending in the short term and support the retrofitting of existing and developing missing networks
Amendment 76 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is a key enabler of the renewable energy transition, as it can stabilise
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen,
Amendment 78 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen,
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen, as an energy carrier,
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion Recital H (new) H. whereas the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier requires its production from a primary source of energy, then further conversion into final energy in order to be used; whereas these conversions have yields lower than 100%, and therefore energy losses occur every time;
Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen
Amendment 81 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is a key enabler of the renewable energy transition, as it can stabilise and balance the electricity network
Amendment 82 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen, as an energy carrier,
Amendment 83 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 3. Underlines that hydrogen, as a
Amendment 84 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Recalls that the transport sector is responsible for a quarter of EU CO2- emissions and is the only sector that could not reduce its emissions compared to the 1990 baseline; underlines the potential of hydrogen to contribute to the reduction of transport CO2-emissions particularly in modes of transport where a full electrification is more difficult, such as heavy-duty road vehicles, parts of the rail network, aviation and shipping; calls on the Commission to present an ambitious and comprehensive Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy in this regard and calls on Member States to include hydrogen mobility in their national and regional strategies;
Amendment 85 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Stresses that the primary source of hydrogen on Earth is water and that the oceans are true sustainable reserves in that connection; notes, however, that that hydrogen does not come ‘ready-made’, since oxygen and hydrogen have to be separated in the water molecule and therefore the oxygen-hydrogen bond has to be broken, which requires energy; notes that the energy needed to separate hydrogen and oxygen is precisely equal to the energy released by hydrogen when it burns, i.e. when it again associates with oxygen (through combustion or in a fuel cell) to reform water;
Amendment 86 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Stresses that hydrogen has a key role to play in the substitution of fossil kerosene in aviation, where it can be used as synthetic kerosene and as biokerosene in pure form or as a regenerative mixture; calls on the Commission, therefore, to step up research into and investment in renewable hydrogen applications in pure form and as synthetic and biokerosene and to make targeted support possible;
Amendment 87 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Stresses that green hydrogen is a forward-looking solution for, in particular, those sectors where electrification is more difficult to achieve or proves too costly and that the fall in the price of fuel cells that has been announced should make it possible to power a proportion of the vehicle fleet and other means of transport (regional trains, buses, lorries, construction plant and agricultural machinery);
Amendment 88 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Notes the potential of hydrogen as environment-friendly energy carrier in the railway sector as it can replace diesel where track electrification is not economically feasible; welcomes the successful use of hydrogen powered trains in several European countries and the serial production of hydrogen powered trains;
Amendment 89 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Calls on the Commission to propose, as part of the upcoming review of the Renewable Energy Directive, an extension of the current additionality requirements that exist for the use of hydrogen in transport to uses in other sectors, based on a robust and transparent methodology and sustainability criteria;
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion Recital I (new) I. whereas so-called carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies have not proven their effectiveness and are still far from ripe;
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Notes energy-efficiency-first as a key principle, underlines the risks associated with direct-electrification in terms of security of supply at system-level, where hydrogen can play a key role in reconciling future large-scale intermittent-renewable production with consumer loads;
Amendment 91 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Stresses that it is of uttermost importance to prioritise the substitution of hydrogen of fossil origin used by the industrial sector by renewable hydrogen, before considering its use in other sectors and for other purposes;
Amendment 92 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Asks the Commission to further investigate the environmental, economic and social impacts of hydrogen blending and of hydrogen replacing gas in existing networks before proposing or updating any legal act on this issue;
Amendment 93 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Underlines the possibility of using gas infrastructure for hydrogen, and kindly requests the Commission to increase the pool of funds for modernisation and building new gas infrastructure for these purposes;
Amendment 94 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Stresses that to enable the change networks need to allow large-scale hydrogen transportation through gas transmission and distribution networks, which is currently not feasible;
Amendment 95 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) Amendment 96 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Stresses that methane – chemical formula CH4 – contains more hydrogen than is derived from water and that that hydrogen does not come ‘ready-made’ either, since, in this instance, carbon and hydrogen have to be separated, which also requires energy; points out, however, that considerably less energy is needed for that separation process than to separate hydrogen and oxygen;
Amendment 97 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Reiterates that hydrogen-powered cars can also be a supplement and alternative to battery-driven cars in the automobile industry as they are much lighter, can be refuelled faster and have a greater range than electric cars; stresses the need to also invest in infrastructure for filling stations;
Amendment 98 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Notes that obtaining hydrogen from natural gas involves creating CO2 , the energy needed for the carbon and hydrogen separation reaction producing a ratio equivalent to one tonne of H2 produced per 10 tonnes of CO2, and that therefore that hydrogen in a car produces a per-kilometre emissions level that is almost identical to that for petrol; notes in this connection that, instead of being created in a car engine, CO2 is created when hydrogen is produced upstream; points out that carbon capture is a more efficient process when hydrogen is produced than when pollution is caused by a car engine;
Amendment 99 #
Draft opinion Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Underlines that a significant quantity of non-renewable hydrogen, and the GHG emissions embedded in it, could be reduced by drastically diminishing the quantity of oil used in the EU; stresses that using renewable energies instead will free the hydrogen capacities used to refine the oil;
source: 660.370
2020/12/11
ITRE
385 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 a (new) - having regard to the special reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on ʻGlobal Warming of 1.5°Cʼ and on ʻOcean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climateʼ;
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 18 a (new) - having regard to its resolution of 28 November 2019 on the climate and environment emergency1, _________________ 1 Texts adopted, P9_(2019)0078.
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Believes that a common legal classification of the different types of hydrogen is of utmost importance;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Believes that a common legal classification of the different types of hydrogen is of utmost importance; welcomes the classification proposed by the Commission; notes that avoiding two names for the same category, such as ʻrenewableʼ and ʻcleanʼ hydrogen, could further clarify that classification; believes that the relevant classification of hydrogen should only be based on its carbon content over its entire lifecycle, and its contribution to reaching the climate neutrality objective set in the European Green Deal;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Believes that a common legal classification of the different types of hydrogen is of utmost importance;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Believes that a common legal classification of the different types of hydrogen is of utmost importance;
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Believes that a common legal classification of the different types of hydrogen is of utmost importance; welcomes the classification proposed by the Commission; calls on the Commission to conclude its work on establishing a terminology as rapidly as possible; notes that avoiding two names for the same category, such as ʻrenewableʼ and ʻcleanʼ hydrogen, could further clarify that classification;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Believes that a
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Believes that a common legal classification of the different types of hydrogen is of utmost importance; welcomes the classification proposed by the Commission; notes that
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Believes that a common legal classification of the different types of hydrogen is of utmost importance; welcomes the
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the urgent need for European standards, certification and labelling systems for
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the urgent need for European standards, certification and labelling systems for
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 19 a (new) - having regard to its resolution of 10 July 2020 on the revision of the guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure2, _________________ 2 Texts adopted, P9_(2020)0199.
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the urgent need for
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the urgent need for European standards, certification and labelling systems for clean hydrogen and guarantees of origin for hydrogen and renewable electricity aligned with national registries to ensure that consumers can choose clean solutions consciously and thus minimise the risk of stranded investments; believes that clean hydrogen should be determined according to an independent, science-based review of its lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions; calls on the Commission to provide a regulatory framework as early as possible in 2021;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the
Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the urgent need for European standards, certification and labelling systems for
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the urgent need for European
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the urgent need for European
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Underlines the urgent need for European standards, certification and labelling systems for
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Notes that the system of guarantees of origin for renewable electricity has not triggered adequate investments in additional capacities; proposes, therefore, that a methodology should be introduced for determining the conditions and criteria which are necessary to ensure that the production of renewable hydrogen delivers genuine additionality, in particular: (i) a direct connection between the new renewable energy installations and electrolysers, or (ii) power purchase agreements, or (iii) during periods when the electricity in the grid is entirely renewable or when the production of renewable electricity exceeds demand, would be lost or curtailed or could be converted into hydrogen for storage or system efficiency purposes;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. stresses that only renewable hydrogen should be eligible for guarantees of origin and that any certification be linked to the renewable source of the hydrogen, with the certified green energy remaining attached to the guarantees of origin; notes that if low carbon hydrogen is nevertheless included under a certification scheme, this should not be done under the REDII, but through a separate framework reflecting the transitory nature of any such certification;
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 19 b (new) - having regard to its resolution of 2 July 2020 on a comprehensive European approach to energy storage3, _________________ 3a Texts adopted, P9_(2020)0198.
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Calls on the Commission to provide clarification on the role of carbon capture and utilisation or storage (CCU and CCS) by providing an enhanced framework for this technology and by addressing barriers;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5a. Notes that hydrogen storage might be subject to conflicting regulatory regimes, namely those on gas and electricity storage, and therefore highlights the need to clarify this aspect in the relevant legislation;
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Is strongly convinced that
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Is strongly convinced
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 6. Is strongly convinced that public acceptance is key to the successful creation of a hydrogen economy; stresses, therefore, the importance of public and stakeholder involvement and European safety and technical standards for hydrogen, and high- quality hydrogen solutions respecting those standards; further highlights that the safety protocols in demand sectors need to be updated continuously with regards to hydrogen use;
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Stresses that the evaluation of the gains of hydrogen in terms of greenhouse gas emissions should be linked to precise analysis of lifecycle from production to usage; calls on the Commission to come up with such data for the different types of renewable, low-carbon and fossil-based hydrogen;
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6a. Citizen engagement12a _________________ 12aThis text is the heading of a new chapter that includes the following four paragraphs.
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) 6b. Underlines that citizen engagement is crucial for the implementation of a fair, successful, participative and inclusive energy transition; underlines, therefore, the importance of ensuring that all stakeholders share the costs and benefits in an integrated system rather than an exemption-based system;
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 c (new) 6c. Welcomes the renewable energy communities involved in the production of hydrogen; recalls the obligation to provide them with an enabling framework in accordance with the Directive on common rules for the internal market for electricity13a and requests that they should benefit from the same advantages as other stakeholders; _________________ 13aDirective (EU) 2019/944 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 on common rules for the internal market for electricity and amending Directive 2012/27/EU
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 d (new) 6d. Observes that the potential for job creation in the renewable hydrogen sector is estimated at 10 300 jobs per billion euro invested14a, and that this figure will be boosted by jobs in the renewable electricity and consumption sectors; _________________ 14aEuropean Commission: Hydrogen generation in Europe: Overview of costs and key benefits
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the EU has endorsed the Paris Agreement, the Green Deal and the goal of achieving a cost-efficient and fair transition leading to climate neutrality by 2050 at the latest, and the European Parliament has endorsed a 2030 target of 60% emission reductions compared to 1990;
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 e (new) 6e. Observes that more must be done to promote equal opportunities in the hydrogen sector, and calls for the launch of a European initiative targeted at women with a view to identifying and removing obstacles and building networks and models;
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Subheading 2 Ramping up renewable hydrogen production and corresponding renewable capacity
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Welcomes the Commission’s ambitious goals of increasing the capacity of renewable hydrogen electrolysers and hydrogen production; urges the Commission and the Member States to incentivise the value chain and market uptake of clean hydrogen in order to make it technologically mature and competitive with fossil-based and low-carbon hydrogen14;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Welcomes the Commission’s ambitious goals of increasing the capacity of renewable hydrogen electrolysers and hydrogen production and to make them technologically mature and competitive with fossil-based and low-carbon hydrogen; urges the Commission and the Member States to incentivise the value chain and market uptake of clean
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7.
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Welcomes the Commission’s ambitious goals of increasing the capacity of renewable hydrogen electrolysers and hydrogen production in line with identified priority demand; urges the Commission and the Member States to incentivise the value chain and market uptake of clean hydrogen in order to make it technologically mature and competitive with fossil-based and low-carbon hydrogen14
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Welcomes the Commission’s ambitious goals of increasing the capacity of renewable hydrogen electrolysers and hydrogen production; urges the Commission and the Member States to remove existing administrative burden and to incentivise the value chain and market uptake of clean hydrogen by providing a financial stimulus and dedicated funding schemes at national level in order to make it technologically mature and competitive with fossil-based and low-carbon hydrogen14 ; _________________ 14According to the Commission, ʻlow- carbon hydrogenʼ encompasses fossil- based hydrogen with carbon capture and electricity-based hydrogen, with significantly reduced full life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions compared to existing hydrogen production.
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Welcomes the Commission’s ambitious goals of increasing the capacity of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen electrolysers and
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Welcomes the Commission’s ambitious goals of increasing the capacity of renewable hydrogen electrolysers and renewable hydrogen production according to identified priority demands for those applications with no other decarbonisation alternatives; urges the Commission and the Member States to incentivise the value chain and market uptake of
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the EU has endorsed the Paris Agreement, the Green Deal and the goal of achieving a cost-efficient and fair transition leading to climate neutrality
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Welcomes the Commission’s ambitious goals of increasing the capacity of
Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Welcomes the Commission’s ambitious goals of increasing the capacity of renewable hydrogen electrolysers and hydrogen production; urges the Commission and the Member States to incentivise the value chain and market uptake of
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Believes that low-carbon hydrogen in combination with carbon capture and storage/utilisation would be needed in view of creating a sustainable hydrogen economy and reaching EU climate goals; calls, therefore, on the Commission to assess carefully the EU hydrogen needs in the upcoming years and what energy sources, including nuclear, can contribute to filling the need in order to fulfil the 2050 climate neutrality objectives, taking into account EU energy security considerations;
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Stresses that the competitiveness of hydrogen produced by electrolyser requires both high load factors for the electrolysers and an access to low carbon electricity at competitive cost; underlines, in that regard, that all low carbon sources of electricity should be considered to meet the goals set by the European Commission;
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 a (new) 7a. Stresses that renewable hydrogen could be competitive before 203016a and that all investments should therefore be focused on this area; _________________ 16a‘A hydrogen strategy for a climate- neutral Europe’ (COM(2020)0301), DNV GL (2020): European Carbon Neutrality: ‘The Importance of Gas – A study for Eurogas’
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 b (new) 7b. Stresses that hydrogen technology exists in industrial, chemical and health applications since more than forty years;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 c (new) 7c. Notes that, in the context of decarbonisation, hydrogen offers solutions through two main properties, as a storage tool and as a fuel; stresses that these applications are different in terms of quality, volume, pressure, transportation etc., and that this implies specific regulations according to their final use; highlights that an ambitious strategy for energy storage through hydrogen in innovative industrial and mobility solutions is required in priority;
Amendment 147 #
7d. Recalls that nuclear energy is the non intermittent source of electricity which offers the lowest carbonised solutions for a long term industrial production of hydrogen;
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Highlights that for a functioning and predictable internal hydrogen market, regulatory barriers need to be overcome and a coherent, integrated and comprehensive regulatory framework created; believes that
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Highlights that for a functioning and predictable internal hydrogen market, regulatory barriers need to be overcome and a coherent and comprehensive regulatory framework
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the EU
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8.
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Highlights that for a functioning and predictable internal hydrogen market, regulatory barriers need to be overcome and a coherent and comprehensive regulatory framework
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Highlights that
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Underlines furthermore that hydrogen, particularly renewable hydrogen, is and will remain, for at least the upcoming decade, a scare and expensive resource; recalls that the development of renewable hydrogen will require a strategic and rapid upgrade of both production and distribution of renewable electricity; stresses therefore that it must be used in a targeted and prioritised way; reiterates, therefore, the absolute necessity of public planning, especially in establishing roadmaps on the deployment of hydrogen facilities and variable renewable capacities and adapting targeted demand sectors;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Calls on the Commission to include the legal requirements for a European sustainable hydrogen economy in its impact assessment regarding the revision of relevant legislation to deliver on the increased climate ambition and to increase the economic attractiveness of clean hydrogen; encourages the Commission to especially look into the Renewable Energy Directive, Energy Taxation Directive and the Emissions Trading System Directive;
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Acknowledges the role of blending and injecting hydrogen into the natural gas grid as an important driver for the initial scale-up of a hydrogen market by making use of existing infrastructure in the absence of dedicated hydrogen pipelines; notes that blending enables renewable energy producers to access the current gas market and contributes to the decarbonisation of the gas sector;
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 a (new) 8a. Calls on the Commission to ensure a level playing field and to future-proof the regulatory framework for hydrogen in the upcoming revision of Directive 2018/2001 [REDII]; notes the inclusion of the production, transportation and storage of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen and carbon capture and storage in the draft Delegated Act on the Taxonomy Regulation;
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 b (new) 8b. Highlights the importance to incentivise clean hydrogen production, including financially, through innovative solutions such as feed-in premiums for clean hydrogen;
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the EU has endorsed the Paris Agreement
Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, in order to build up a sustainable hydrogen economy fast enough to reach
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, in order to build up a sustainable hydrogen economy fast enough to reach our climate goals, low-carbon hydrogen can play a transitional role, especially in regions heavily reliant on fossil-fuels and to timely decarbonise fossil based hydrogen; calls on the Commission to assess in which cases, for how long and how much of this hydrogen would be
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, in order to build up a sustainable hydrogen economy fast enough to reach our climate goals, low-carbon hydrogen can play an essential transitional
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, in order to build up a sustainable hydrogen economy fast enough to reach our climate goals, low-carbon hydrogen
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, in order to build up a sustainable hydrogen economy fast enough to reach our climate goals,
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, in order to build up a sustainable hydrogen economy fast enough to reach our climate goals, low-carbon hydrogen can play a
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, in order to build up a sustainable hydrogen economy fast enough to reach
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Notes that, in order to build up a sustainable hydrogen economy fast enough to reach our climate goals, low-carbon hydrogen
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas the EU has
Amendment 170 #
9a. Recalls that production of low- carbon and renewable hydrogen have different infrastructure and investment needs, while technologies to transform fossil-based hydrogen into a low-carbon are not market-ready yet; also recalls that 2050 is only one investment cycle away, hence a swift and effective achievement of climate neutrality by that year at the latest leaves no room for investments in transitional solutions; recalls moreover that the production of low-carbon hydrogen will not even tackle the life- cycle methane emissions of fossil gas employed in the production and will lock- in investment into gas infrastructures;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) Amendment 172 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Stresses the importance of phasing out and replacing fossil fuel based hydrogen as soon as possible with low- carbon hydrogen, focussing on the cleanest technologies in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, and then with clean hydrogen; encourages the Commission to make sure that the market price of fossil fuel based hydrogen internalises the cost of its greenhouse gas emissions during production and to revise the ETS accordingly;
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Highlights that ramping up hydrogen and transition to carbon free economy will lead to significant increase in electricity demand; notes that decarbonised electricity has an important role in production of hydrogen and all the existing carbon free electricity needs to be taken account in a technologically neutral manner in order to cut the emissions fast enough;
Amendment 174 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Observes that the production of low-carbon hydrogen will require investments in CO2 capture, storage and transport infrastructures, producing a lock-in effect that is incompatible with the goal of climate neutrality;
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess specific solutions in order to ramp up the hydrogen production in less connected or isolated regions, such as islands, while ensuring the development of the related infrastructure;
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9a. Notes that hydrogen can be used to integrate higher shares of wind and solar energy, whereas natural gas can be converted to low carbon hydrogen at a significantly lower cost than it can be converted to electricity;
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Urges the Commission and the Member States to immediately start planning the phasing out of the production of hydrogen from fossil fuels; stresses that this production must irreversibly, predictably and swiftly decrease until its disappearance by 2040 at the latest; underlines that hydrogen produced from fossil fuels, even with CCS and CCUS technologies, must not be eligible for public funding;
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 b (new) 9b. Notes that the European hydrogen market can hardly cover the needs of hydrogen production based on renewable hydrogen alone; encourages the Commission to increase efforts in the EU’s renewable energy capacities and massively encourage research into electrolysis, storage and transport technologies;
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 c (new) 9c. Considers that hydrogen, which can be produced by electrolysis from nuclear electricity or by pyrolysis, is a temporary and limited alternative that may be of limited interest for the short- term decarbonisation of industrial hydrogen; underlines that eventually, and by no later than 2030 onwards, these types of hydrogen shall decrease until their ultimate replacement by renewable hydrogen; stresses that these types of hydrogen should not be eligible for public funding;
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas fossil fuels and their use are largely responsible for global warming, and the Paris agreement aims to contain the rise of the global temperature well below 2°C compared to pre-industrial levels, and to continue the actions taken to limit the rise in temperature at 1.5°C;
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Underlines that a
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Underlines that a clean hydrogen economy requires significant additional amounts of affordable renewable energy and the corresponding infrastructure; calls on the Commission and the Member States to step up their efforts in this regard
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Underlines that a clean hydrogen economy requires significant additional amounts of affordable renewable energy and the corresponding infrastructure
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Underlines that a clean hydrogen economy requires significant additional amounts of affordable renewable energy and the corresponding infrastructure, which should not prolong the lifetime of fossil- and nuclear-powered electricity installations elsewhere on the grid; calls on the Commission and the Member States
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Underlines that
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Underlines that a clean hydrogen economy requires significant additional amounts of affordable renewable energy and the corresponding infrastructure; calls
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Underlines that a
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Underlines that a clean hydrogen economy requires significant additional amounts of affordable renewable and low- carbon energy and the corresponding transport and storage infrastructure; calls on the Commission and the Member States to step up their efforts in this regard and to
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Underlines that a clean hydrogen economy requires significant additional amounts of affordable renewable energy and the corresponding infrastructure; calls on the Commission and the Member States to st
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Underlines that a clean hydrogen economy requires significant additional amounts of affordable renewable energy and the corresponding infrastructure; calls on the Commission and the Member States to step up their efforts in this regard
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) Aa. whereas the European Parliament has endorsed the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 60% by 2030;
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Underlines that a clean hydrogen economy requires significant additional amounts of affordable renewable energy and the corresponding infrastructure; calls on the Commission and the Member States to step up their efforts in this regard
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Underlines that renewable hydrogen can be produced from all sorts of renewable energy sources, including wind, solar photovoltaics, existing hydro power plants and pumped hydro storage; invites the Commission, in view of the recently published Offshore Strategy, to assess how offshore renewable energy sources could pave the way for the wider development and up take of renewable hydrogen;
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Acknowledges that nuclear is the largest non-weather dependent source of low-carbon electricity that can be used to produce large amounts of low-carbon hydrogen through electrolysis; recognises that a single 1,000 megawatt nuclear reactor could produce more than 200,000 tonnes of low-carbon hydrogen each year in the most economical way;
Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Stresses that electricity purchasing expenses are the cost driver of clean hydrogen production; against this background, calls on the Commission and the Member States to exempt the electricity used in electrolysis from taxes and duties, in so far as fiscally possible;
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Considers that the deployment of additional renewable energy capacity in proportion to the need for renewable hydrogen is also necessary in order to avoid competition between the capacity required for electrification, electrolysers and other purposes;
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Underlines that when planning support schemes for hydrogen roll-out, it is necessary to draw a lesson from the past RES support schemes which - being poorly designed - led to market distortions caused by overcompensation of renewable technologies;
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Recalls the potential that brownfield sites can have with providing space for renewable energy production, in particular for solar photovoltaics, thus becoming areas of opportunity that deliver useful services for society;
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10a. Encourages the setting of higher renewable energy targets in the power sector to support the development of hydrogen production from additional renewable electricity;
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 b (new) 10b. Highlights that effective support measures should be directed to decarbonisation of existing grey fossil- based hydrogen production; notes that a number of production sites are located in the just transition territories and that fossil-based hydrogen is also made as a by-product of a coking coal production (a critical raw material of the EU); urges that support measures aimed at the development of European hydrogen economy should not lead to closure of these production sites, but to their modernisation and further development, thus benefiting the regions by ensuring locally produced sustainable energy carrier, facilitating GHG emissions reduction and contributing to reskilling and further employability of the local workforce;
Amendment 199 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 b (new) 10b. Underlines furthermore that only the development of renewable hydrogen is compatible with the objective of achieving climate neutrality; demands therefore that renewable hydrogen, and only renewable hydrogen, be eligible for public funding;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 b (new) - having regard to the UN Environment Programme's Emissions Gap Report 2019,
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A b (new) Ab. whereas 95% of hydrogen is currently produced by steam reforming hydrocarbons and is responsible for 2.5% of global GHG emissions, which is equivalent to the emissions of the United Kingdom and Indonesia combined;
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 b (new) 10b. Calls for the urgent removal of the free allowances under the EU’s emissions trading system (ETS) for the production of hydrogen from fossil fuels;
Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 c (new) 10c. Stresses the potential of reconverting some existing industrial sites towards the production of renewable hydrogen; underlines the necessity to publicly plan such reconversions of industrial capacities with the workers and their trade unions; calls on the Member States, when such facilities have been closed, to ease the resumption of these facilities by the workers in the form of cooperative societies;
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 d (new) 10d. Underlines that water consumption associated with hydrogen production is due to increase with the development of renewable hydrogen; recalls that fresh water is a critical resource for both human and ecosystem needs; stresses that climate change is exacerbating water scarcity; recalls that simple aggregation of freshwater consumption embedded in hydrogen production could be misleading as freshwater availability and the corresponding freshwater consumption can vary significantly across regions and time of the year; stresses therefore the need for careful spatial planning when establishing renewable hydrogen production facilities in order to minimise the impact of regional freshwater consumption incurred by this production on regional water supply;
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for hydrogen production, storage and transport infrastructure and the parallel development of demand and supply; highlights the importance of developing hydrogen networks with non-discriminatory access; welcomes, in this respect, the Commission’s intention to review Regulation No 347/2013 of 17 April 2013 on guidelines for trans-
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. E
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for renewable hydrogen production and transport infrastructure
Amendment 207 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for hydrogen production
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for hydrogen production and transport infrastructure and the parallel development of demand and supply; welcomes, in this respect, the Commission’s intention to
Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for hydrogen production
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A c (new) Ac. whereas so-called carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies have not proven their effectiveness and are still far from ripe;
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for hydrogen production
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for hydrogen production and transport infrastructure and the parallel development of demand and supply; welcomes, in this respect, the Commission’s intention to review Regulation No 347/2013 of 17 April 2013 on guidelines for trans- European energy infrastructure (the TEN-E Regulation)15; notes that, despite the concentration on industrial clusters in the first phase, the planning of infrastructure for transmission over longer distances and its regulation should already be undertaken; the development of appropriate storage infrastructures should also be a key element of this; _________________ 15 OJ L 115, 25.4.2013, p. 39.
Amendment 212 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for hydrogen production and
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for hydrogen production
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for hydrogen production and the possible need of a transport infrastructure
Amendment 215 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for hydrogen production and transport infrastructure and the parallel development of demand and supply; welcomes, in this respect, the Commission’s intention to review Regulation No 347/2013 of 17 April 2013 on guidelines for trans- European energy infrastructure (the TEN-E Regulation)15 ; notes that
Amendment 216 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Emphasises the timely need for hydrogen production
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Notes that, besides the focus on industrial clusters, including ‘hydrogen valleys’, in the first phase, the planning and construction of infrastructure for transmission over longer distances and its regulation should already be undertaken; encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the possibility of repurposing existing gas pipelines for the transport of pure hydrogen in order to maximise cost efficiency and minimise investment costs and levelised costs of transmission; urges the Commission to allow funding through the CEF and the TEN-E regulation for the realisation of the hydrogen infrastructure;
Amendment 218 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Calls for only ‘no regrets’ options for investment in new hydrogen infrastructure to be taken into consideration, avoiding stranded assets; stresses the need to take fully into consideration the significant losses during the production, transport, storage and processing of hydrogen17a; _________________ 17aIEA, The future of hydrogen, June 2019; IEA, Energy technology perspectives report, September 2020
Amendment 219 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Suggests to make cost-benefit calculations for the location of clean hydrogen transport and production infrastructures to minimise costs for consumers; highlights cost-benefits of placing production facilities close to production sites of renewable energy or on-site, especially for small consumers, and linking different demand sectors;
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A d (new) Ad. whereas 43% of the world's hydrogen production is used to produce ammonia, which itself is mainly used to produce ammonia-based agricultural fertilisers, 52% is used for the refining and desulphurisation of hydrocarbons, and 5% is used for the synthesis of methanol and other uses;
Amendment 220 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Highlights the importance of cross-border cooperation between regions and Member States in the area of clean and low-carbon hydrogen in order to support projects that would enhance security of supply by building necessary cross-border infrastructure;
Amendment 221 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Underlines that interoperability with the gas system and interconnection of hydrogen infrastructure within the EU must be assured in order to develop a functioning internal market and drive forward the integration of the energy system;
Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Emphasises that the planning of hydrogen networks should focus on connecting priority future hydrogen users, such as industrial clusters with planned production sites for renewable hydrogen;
Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11a. Calls on the Commission to introduce an energy infrastructure category for hydrogen networks in Annex 2 to the TEN-E Regulation;
Amendment 224 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 b (new) 11b. Notes that the current energy planning framework under the TEN-E Regulation is highly dependent on gas and electricity industry actors; calls for future network planning to be more transparent and to be undertaken or led by democratically responsible public bodies and reviewed by independent scientific bodies;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 Amendment 226 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the possibility of repurposing existing gas pipelines for the transport of pure hydrogen in order to maximise cost efficiency and minimise investment costs and levelised costs of transmission; underlines that any such repurposing should be directly relevant for the use of renewable hydrogen in the priority sectors of emissions-intensive industries such as steel and basic chemicals, shipping and aviation; recognises therefore that hydrogen should not be blended into existing gas networks;
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the possibility of repurposing existing gas pipelines for the transport of pure hydrogen in order to maximise cost efficiency and minimise investment costs and levelised costs of transmission; underlines that the re-use of existing natural gas pipelines could lead to an increase in social welfare by mitigating the risk of stranded assets, allowing Members State to act faster and prepare the infrastructure that can be used for clean hydrogen in the future;
Amendment 229 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A e (new) Ae. whereas the production and the use of ammonia-based fertilisers is responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and polluting gases, pollution of water, disruptions of the global nitrogen cycle, and deoxygenation of the oceans, which has nefarious consequences on marine biodiversity;
Amendment 230 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12.
Amendment 231 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the possibility of a blend of hydrogen and, at the same time, repurposing existing gas
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the possibility of
Amendment 233 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the possibility of repurposing existing gas pipelines for the transport of pure hydrogen in order to maximise cost efficiency and minimise investment costs and levelised costs of
Amendment 234 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the possibility of
Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the possibility of repurposing existing gas pipelines for the transport of pure hydrogen in order to maximise cost efficiency and minimise investment costs and levelised costs of transmission, taking into account gas demand evolution on the long term, hydrogen consumers specific needs, and overall system costs;
Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess and support the possibility of repurposing existing
Amendment 237 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the possibility of repurposing
Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to ensure that any new gas infrastructure is suitable for the transportation of hydrogen and to assess the possibility of repurposing existing gas pipelines for the transport of pure hydrogen in order to maximise cost efficiency and minimise investment costs and levelised costs of transmission;
Amendment 239 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to further investigate and assess the possibility of repurposing portion of existing gas pipelines, both from techno-economical and regulatory point of view, for the transport of pure hydrogen in order to maximise cost efficiency and minimise investment costs and levelised costs of transmission;
Amendment 24 #
Af. whereas less than 1% of the current hydrogen production is used as an energy carrier;
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the
Amendment 241 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the possibility of repurposing existing gas pipelines for the transport and distribution of pure hydrogen in order to maximise cost efficiency and minimise investment costs and levelised costs of transmission and distribution;
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to assess the possibility of repurposing existing gas pipelines for the transport of pure or mixed hydrogen in order to maximise cost efficiency and minimise investment costs and levelised costs of transmission;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Opposes the idea of blending hydrogen, a product that is complicated and expensive to produce, into the existing grid with fossil gas, which is comparatively cheaper, as that would be at odds not only with economic principles but also with the reality of the demand for pure hydrogen; notes that if blending were to take place the majority of the energy would be used up in the processes of blending, transport and separation of the hydrogen from the fossil gas rather than serving real energy needs;
Amendment 244 #
12a. Underlines the necessity of upholding unbundling as a guiding principle for the design of hydrogen markets; stresses that unbundling plays a key role in ensuring that innovation and new products are provided in the most cost-efficient manner on energy markets; is convinced that any derogation from this regulatory principle in the medium term would come at an unnecessarily high cost to end consumers;
Amendment 245 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Calls on the Commission to assess the maximum blending levels of hydrogen in gas grids, planning the possibility of an EU-wide basis for injection of hydrogen into the natural gas grid based on common technical rules and standards; calls to identify and remove legal and administrative barriers;
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Opposes proposals to blend renewable hydrogen into the fossil gas grid, as such blending would be at odds with the demand for pure hydrogen as feedstock or energy carrier in those industries and transport applications that have no other alternative to decarbonise;
Amendment 247 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Welcomes the construction of onsite renewables and hydrogen production capacity within industrial clusters to directly cater to industry's hydrogen needs, whilst avoiding overinvestment in unnecessary pipeline infrastructure;
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to create, in a timely manner, suitable regulatory frameworks for the development of a hydrogen infrastructure, in particular regarding the operation of and connection to such a network;
Amendment 249 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 a (new) 12a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish clear guidelines on the ownership of a potential hydrogen grid for new and repurposed/refurbished pipelines while respecting the principle of unbundling;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the transition to a
Amendment 250 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 b (new) 12b. Notes that there are varying standards in the Member States as regards the blending of hydrogen with natural gas; calls on the Commission to assess and develop standards for hydrogen, for both the gas grid and end uses; points out that these standards will have to be adapted to the end users’ quality needs and technological capacities;
Amendment 251 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 b (new) 12b. Urges that the financial risk of overbuilding hydrogen infrastructure, which is not relevant for the use of renewable hydrogen, be placed on the industry rather than on taxpayers by means of legally binding financing and legislative provisions;
Amendment 252 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 c (new) 12c. Highlights that large energy storage capacity is provided by the existing gas infrastructure and that these assets and those accommodating new sources of gas, in particular renewable hydrogen, would facilitate the integration of renewable electricity; notes in this regard the need to address the issue of the new role of gas Transmission Systems Operators (TSOs) in the light of unbundling rules;
Amendment 253 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 c (new) 12c. Underlines furthermore that the blending of hydrogen with fossil gas in the gas grid will not result in emissions reductions but rather preclude dedicated hydrogen processes and retain the transmission and use of fossil gas;
Amendment 255 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that, in order to achieve a fast market uptake of
Amendment 256 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that, in order to achieve a fast market uptake of clean hydrogen
Amendment 257 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that,
Amendment 258 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that, in order to achieve a fast market uptake of clean hydrogen and to avoid carbon lock-ins, demand for clean hydrogen must increase; acknowledges that the
Amendment 259 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that, in order to achieve a fast market uptake of clean hydrogen and to avoid carbon lock-ins, demand for clean hydrogen must increase; market incentive programmes must therefore be created to stimulate use; acknowledges that the initial focus of hydrogen demand should be on sectors for which the use of hydrogen is close to competitive or that currently cannot be decarbonised by other means; believes that for these sectors roadmaps for demand development, investment and research needs should be established at European level; agrees with the Commission that demand-side policies such as quotas for the use of clean hydrogen in specific sectors and carbon contracts for difference (ʻCCfDʼ) are necessary to promote decarbonisation through clean hydrogen; however, in addition to the industrial sector, the mobility sector should also already be a significant area of focus at this stage;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas
Amendment 260 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that, in order to achieve a fast market uptake of
Amendment 261 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that, in order to achieve a fast market uptake of clean hydrogen and to avoid carbon lock-ins, demand for clean hydrogen must increase; acknowledges that the initial focus of hydrogen demand should be on sectors for which the use of
Amendment 262 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that, in order to achieve a fast market uptake of clean hydrogen and to avoid carbon lock-ins, demand for clean hydrogen must increase; acknowledges that the initial focus of hydrogen demand should be on sectors for which the use of hydrogen is close to competitive or that currently cannot be decarbonised by other means; believes that for these sectors roadmaps for demand development, investment and research needs should be established at European level; agrees with the Commission that demand-side policies such as quotas for the use of clean hydrogen in specific sectors and carbon contracts for difference (ʻCCfDʼ) are necessary to promote decarbonisation
Amendment 263 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that, in order to achieve a fast market uptake of
Amendment 264 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that
Amendment 265 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that, in order to achieve a fast market uptake of clean hydrogen and to avoid carbon lock-ins, demand for clean hydrogen must increase; acknowledges that the initial focus of hydrogen demand should be on sectors for which the use of hydrogen is close to competitive or that currently cannot be decarbonised by other means; believes that for these sectors roadmaps and targets for demand development, investment and research needs should be established at European level; agrees with the Commission that demand-side policies such as quotas for the use of clean hydrogen in specific sectors and carbon
Amendment 266 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that, in order to achieve a fast market uptake of clean hydrogen
Amendment 267 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Highlights that, in order to achieve
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Calls on the Commission to consider clear incentives for the application and use of hydrogen to different end-consumer sectors in order to trigger the demand for hydrogen; stresses that regulatory incentives, such as the possibility to account for hydrogen or synthetic fuels towards sector renewable targets or emission reduction thresholds in relevant EU legislation, including the REDII, should be provided;
Amendment 269 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Considers that, on the user side, the Commission should focus on sectors with a solvency for the unique properties of hydrogen and where cheaper alternatives such as electrification or renewable biofuels are not an option; believes that emission-free steel production is a good example where initiatives for industrial clusters around electrification and hydrogen are well justified;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the transition to a net-zero greenhouse gas economy requires a clean energy transition that ensures sustainability, technology neutrality, security of supply
Amendment 270 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Notes that regulatory frameworks are one of the obstacles to the use of hydrogen; encourages the Commission and the Member States to adapt regulatory frameworks in the transport, buildings and industrial sectors in such a way that hydrogen demand is stimulated;
Amendment 271 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Calls on the Commission to ensure that demand for hydrogen matches the available supply of renewable hydrogen, by developing a hierarchy of applications for renewable hydrogen, in which the sectors with the greatest needs are given priority access to hydrogen resources;
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Underlines that use of hydrogen in the transport sector already exists in public transport and specific segments of the railway sector, especially where electrification of the line is not economically feasible;
Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13a. Urges the Commission to review current legislation to eliminate disincentives like legal uncertainties for clean hydrogen for demand sectors;
Amendment 274 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 b (new) 13b. Stresses that refuelling infrastructure is needed for hydrogen use in transport; underlines the importance of revising the TEN-T Regulation and the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive to include hydrogen; further underlines that stronger legislation is needed to incentivise the use of zero-emission fuels including clean hydrogen in heavy-duty vehicles, aviation and maritime;
Amendment 275 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 b (new) 13b. Stresses that it is of uttermost importance to prioritise the substitution of hydrogen of fossil origin used by the industrial sector by renewable hydrogen before considering its use in other sectors and for other purposes;
Amendment 276 #
13b. Underlines that infrastructure is key to stimulate demand, in particular at the distribution level, as it provides a framework for consumption;
Amendment 277 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 b (new) 13b. Calls on the Commission to consider quotas for synthetic fuels for aviation or ship propulsion;
Amendment 278 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 c (new) 13c. Urges the Commission to promote lead markets for green hydrogen technologies and systems and their use for climate-neutral production, especially in the steel, cement and chemical industries, as part of the update and implementation of the New Industrial Strategy for Europe; calls on the Commission to assess the option of recognising steel produced with clean hydrogen as a bonus or eco-innovation for the fleet targets of the EU regulations on CO2 emission performance standards for road vehicles; urges the Commission to soon come forward with the EU strategy for clean steel, which should include an appropriate focus on the use of clean hydrogen;
Amendment 279 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 c (new) 13c. Considers that hydrogen's main interest lies in its ability to bring flexibility and stability, in particular through electricity inter-seasonal storage, to the energy system in addition to the network vectors; stresses therefore that the development of hydrogen transport and storage infrastructure must be planned alongside with the development of the means of energy production in a logic of technical and economic optimisation in line with a long-term vision of its role;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the transition to a net-zero greenhouse gas economy requires a
Amendment 280 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 c (new) 13c. Underlines the need to design a market providing clean and low-carbon hydrogen as climate protection option to all businesses and in particular SMEs; calls on the Commission to estimate the amount of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen needed to help industrial SMEs to decarbonise their production processes and energy supply;
Amendment 281 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 d (new) 13d. Stresses that hydrogen use also needs to be targeted at industrial processes which are amongst the most difficult to decarbonise and not easily directly electrified, in particular the production of primary steel via hydrogen direct reduction of iron;
Amendment 282 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 d (new) 13d. Highlights that public procurement can also contribute to tangible and predictable demand;
Amendment 283 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 e (new) 13e. Underlines that hydrogen's characteristics make it a good candidate to replace fossil fuels and reduce GHG emissions for certain types of heavy mobility that require high power and high energy carrying capacity such as ships, aeroplanes or trains operating on non- electrifiable lines; notes regarding ships that, on long-distance transport, the use of green ammonia also has advantages; considers, regarding aeroplanes, that in the near-future the use of green hydrogen-based synthetic kerosene is the most viable solution;
Amendment 284 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 f (new) 13 f. Considers that the use of hydrogen in road mobility must be considered with great caution; underlines that all road vehicles equipped with hydrogen are now prohibitively expensive compared to other decarbonised solutions; stresses that the absence of a distribution network serving a dense territorial network of service stations represents a potentially crippling handicap for considering mass development of road vehicles equipped with hydrogen; considers therefore that this development should by no means be considered as a priority;
Amendment 285 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 g (new) 13g. Stresses that the use of hydrogen for domestic heating is neither economically compatible nor environmentally desirable; underlines that the use of hydrogen-ready or hydrogen-mix boilers for heating buildings will have the sole result of preventing the transition of the home heating systems to more efficient and more cost-effective options such as heat pumps and renewable electricity;
Amendment 286 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 h (new) 13h. Underlines that a significant quantity of non-renewable hydrogen, and the GHG emissions embedded in it, could be reduced by drastically diminishing the quantity of nitrogen fertilisers produced from hydrogen; stresses that reducing this production will allow for the use of renewable hydrogen in other sectors in the future; recalls that the reduction of nitrogen fertilisers, within the framework of a transition to an agro-ecological organic and local food production, can have several positive impacts; stresses that nitrogen fertilisers are well known for disturbing the global nitrogen cycle, contributing to the deoxygenation of oceans with its nefarious consequence on marine biodiversity;
Amendment 287 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses the importance of research, development and innovation along the whole value chain
Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses the importance of research, development and innovation along the whole value chain and of demonstration projects on an industrial scale in order to make clean hydrogen competitive; believes that involving SMEs and equipping workers with adequate knowledge about hydrogen are of the utmost importance; regrets that training, up-, and reskilling strategies and a just transition towards a hydrogen-ready workforce do not play a role in the EU hydrogen strategy so far; calls on the Commission to raise data about the possible impacts, opportunities and challenges in the transformation of industry, transport and energy towards the scaling-up of hydrogen; calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop sectoral transformation strategies in this regard, together with the industry and trade unions; suggests the launch of a European skills partnerships on clean hydrogen under the Pact for Skills;
Amendment 289 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses the importance of research, development and innovation along the whole value chain and of demonstration projects on an industrial scale in order to make
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the transition to a net-zero greenhouse gas economy requires a clean and just energy transition that addresses energy poverty across the EU, ensures sustainability, security of supply and affordability of energy;
Amendment 290 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses the importance of research, development and innovation along the whole value chain and of demonstration projects on an industrial scale in order to make
Amendment 291 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses the importance of research, development and innovation along the whole value chain
Amendment 292 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses the importance of research, development and innovation along the whole value chain and of demonstration projects on an industrial scale, while ensuring geographical balance with special focus on carbon-intensive regions, in order to make clean hydrogen competitive; believes that involving SMEs and equipping workers with adequate knowledge and skills about hydrogen in all member states are of the utmost importance;
Amendment 293 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses the importance of research, development and innovation in order to complete the integration of the energy system and also for renewable hydrogen along the whole value chain and of demonstration projects on an industrial scale
Amendment 294 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses the importance of research, development and innovation in new technologies along the whole value chain and of demonstration projects on an industrial scale and market uptake thereof in order to make clean hydrogen competitive; believes that involving SMEs and equipping workers with adequate knowledge about hydrogen are of the utmost importance;
Amendment 295 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Stresses the importance of research, development and innovation along the whole value chain and of demonstration projects on an industrial scale in order to make clean and low-carbon hydrogen competitive; believes that involving
Amendment 296 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) Amendment 297 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14a. Stresses the need to ensure access to finance and innovation assets, such as incubators and joint research projects, for start-ups and SMEs to take root in the hydrogen industry; calls on the Commission to ensure equal market access as well as the facilitation of market entries for such undertakings promoting their participation, e.g. by proactively appointing them for roundtables and feedback in public consultation processes;
Amendment 298 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 b (new) 14b. Stresses that different carbon dioxide-free hydrogen production options should be equality explored and further supported; draws attention to a recent breakthrough on hydrogen production via pyrolysis that while produced without emissions leaves a solid carbon - considered as a valuable raw material - as its by-product;
Amendment 299 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 b (new) 14b. Emphasises that Europe is leading in the manufacturing of electrolysers and needs to maintain and advance this competitive edge; stresses that European RDI efforts in hydrogen should focus on a wide range of hydrogen technologies focusing on raising technology readiness levels;
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 c (new) - having regard to the UN Environment Programme's Production Gap Report 2020,
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas the
Amendment 300 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Underlines that significant amounts of investment are needed to
Amendment 301 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Underlines that significant amounts of investment are needed to make
Amendment 302 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Underlines that significant amounts of investment, as well as de-risking of clean hydrogen investments are needed to make clean hydrogen competitive, and that European programmes and financing instruments such as the Recovery and Resilience Facility, Horizon Europe, the Connecting Europe Facility, InvestEU and the ETS Innovation Fund have a key role in fostering a clean hydrogen economy;
Amendment 303 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Underlines that significant amounts of investment are needed to make
Amendment 304 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Underlines that significant amounts of investment are needed to make clean and low-carbon hydrogen competitive, and that European programmes and financing instruments such as Horizon Europe, the Connecting Europe Facility, InvestEU
Amendment 305 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Underlines that significant amounts of investment
Amendment 306 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Underlines that significant amounts of investment are needed to make clean hydrogen competitive, and that European programmes and financing instruments such as Horizon Europe, the Connecting Europe Facility, InvestEU and the ETS Innovation Fund have a key role in fostering a clean hydrogen economy; deeply deplores the Council’s cuts affecting these instruments; calls on the Commission to develop a coordinated investment strategy for clean hydrogen that takes into account the different starting points of all member states;
Amendment 307 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Underlines that significant amounts of investment are needed to
Amendment 308 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Underlines that significant amounts of investment are needed to make clean hydrogen competitive, and that European programmes and financing instruments such as Horizon Europe, the Connecting Europe Facility, InvestEU, the Just Transition Fund and the ETS Innovation Fund have a key role in fostering a clean hydrogen economy; deeply deplores the Council’s cuts affecting these instruments; calls on the Commission to develop a coordinated investment strategy for clean hydrogen;
Amendment 309 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Underlines that significant amounts of investment are needed to make clean hydrogen competitive, and that European programmes and financing instruments such as Horizon Europe, the Connecting Europe Facility, InvestEU, the ERDF and the ETS Innovation Fund have a key role in fostering a clean hydrogen economy; deeply deplores the Council’s cuts affecting these instruments; calls on the Commission to develop a coordinated investment strategy for clean hydrogen;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas
Amendment 310 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Underlines that significant amounts of investment are needed to
Amendment 311 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15a. Emphasises that European programmes and financing instruments such as Horizon Europe, the Connecting Europe Facility, InvestEU, the European Regional Development fund, the Cohesion fund, the Recovery and Resilience Facility, the Just Transition Fund, the strategic European Investment window, and the ETS Innovation Fund offer the financial potential to support investments in the green transition and have a key role to play in the realisation of the hydrogen economy; underlines the need to streamline the synergies between all available investment funds, horizontal programmes and financial instruments to ensure cooperation between public and private stakeholders in order to stimulate investments in a large range of projects;
Amendment 312 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15a. Stresses that subsidies to support certain technologies are not effective and unnecessarily costly; believes that technological bias must be rejected in principle because, at this point in time, we cannot be sure how far other technologies will be able to achieve more cost-effective emissions reductions in the future; believes that public money should only be used to support basic research which would not otherwise be undertaken in the private sector; stresses that more far- reaching subsidies should be rejected as they harbour the risk that projects will only be planned in order to obtain support funds and then discontinued due to the lack of a viable business mode;
Amendment 313 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15a. Calls on the Commission to include manufacturing, transportation and storage of both renewable and low- carbon hydrogen (as well as blends with natural gas) into the upcoming Delegated Acts on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation stemming from the Regulation (EU) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2020 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 as environmentally sustainable economic activities;
Amendment 314 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15a. Calls on the Commission to include manufacturing, transportation and storage of both clean and low-carbon hydrogen (as well as blends with natural gas) into the upcoming Delegated Acts on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation stemming from the Regulation (2020/852) on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment;
Amendment 315 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 b (new) 15b. Calls on the Commission to develop a coordinated investment strategy for hydrogen and to include the role of SMEs in this strategy;
Amendment 316 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 c (new) 15c. Emphasises that Europe is leading in the manufacturing of electrolysers and needs to maintain and advance this competitive edge; notes that Europe is currently behind in the development of other promising hydrogen technologies; believes that European research and development efforts in hydrogen should focus on a wide range of hydrogen technologies;
Amendment 317 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 Amendment 318 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Welcomes the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance and the Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEIs) as important means to enhance investment in clean hydrogen; regrets the delays in implementing the work of the Alliance’s round tables and urges the Commission to speed up the process; calls on the Commission to ensure that truly European stakeholders and projects are represented within the Alliance’s governance structure in a transparent and coherent manner; encourages the Alliance to come up with an investment agenda and a project pipeline that can ensure the implementation of the hydrogen goals set by the Commission as soon as possible; welcomes the Commission’s plan to revise the State aid guidelines to include clean hydrogen; calls for a pragmatic approach to facilitate the approval of projects that are essential in creating a European applied research strand in the area of hydrogen;
Amendment 319 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Welcomes the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance and the Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEIs) as important means to enhance investment in
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas clean alternatives to fossil fuels are needed to be able to phase out fossil fuels as soon as possible, fight against energy poverty and ensure the competitiveness of the European industry, and clean hydrogen can be such an alternative;
Amendment 320 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16.
Amendment 321 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16.
Amendment 322 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Welcomes the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance and the EU Hydrogen Forum, while calling to include a balanced representation of stakeholders, including Trade Unions and NGOs, and the Important
Amendment 323 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Welcomes the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance and the Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEIs) as important means to enhance investment in clean and low-carbon hydrogen; encourages the Alliance to come up with an investment agenda and a project pipeline that can ensure the implementation of the hydrogen goals set by the Commission as soon as possible; welcomes the Commission’s plan to revise the State aid guidelines
Amendment 324 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Welcomes the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance and the Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEIs) as important means to enhance investment in clean hydrogen; encourages the Alliance to come up with an investment agenda and a project pipeline that can ensure the implementation of the hydrogen goals set by the Commission as soon as possible; welcomes the Commission’s plan to revise the State aid guidelines to include clean hydrogen; welcomes the revision of the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive where hydrogen and hydrogen refuelling stations should be made compulsory;
Amendment 325 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Welcomes the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance and the Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEIs) as important means to enhance investment in
Amendment 326 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Welcomes the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance and the Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEIs) as important means to enhance investment in clean hydrogen and encourages the Commission and the Member States to make full use of those instruments; encourages the Alliance to come up with an investment agenda and a project pipeline that can ensure the implementation of the hydrogen goals set by the Commission as soon as possible; welcomes the Commission’s plan to revise the State aid guidelines to include clean hydrogen;
Amendment 327 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16a. Calls for the European Alliance to be equipped with a transparent decision- making procedure, led by the Commission and subject to checks, and for it to be supported by an independent body of scientific experts to define the transition pathways and provide guidance for hydrogen needs; calls for the Alliance to commit clearly to achieving the EU 2030 and 2050 climate targets and to ensure that it includes representatives of civil society (environmental NGOs, think tanks and social partners);
Amendment 328 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16a. Expresses its deep preoccupation over the revelation that the hydrogen lobby, whose main players are fossil gas companies, declared a combined annual expenditure of €58.6 million trying to influence Brussels policy-making; stresses that there are reasons to believe this is a gross underestimate;
Amendment 329 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 b (new) 16b. Stresses that the hydrogen industry met with European Commissioners Timmermans, Simson, Breton, their cabinets and directors general 163 times on energy topics between December 2019 and September 2020, compared with 37 meetings on energy between high-ranking Commission officials and NGOs; considers this situation to be profoundly unacceptable;
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) Ba. whereas the terminology outlined in the Commission strategy is incomplete, since it excludes certain sources of energy that can be used to produce clean hydrogen;
Amendment 330 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 c (new) 16c. Expresses its profound outrage over the revelation that the public relations firm FTI Consulting – the same company exposed in the USA for creating fake pro-fossil fuel grassroots organisations on behalf of Big Oil and Gas –has been key in creating the hydrogen lobby, as it is behind Hydrogen Europe and the Hydrogen Council, the lobby groups most involved in designing the Commission Strategy;
Amendment 331 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 d (new) 16d. Stresses that the Commission’s European Hydrogen Strategy, published in July 2020, is worryingly similar to lobby group Hydrogen Europe’s demands, including goals and investments needed for hydrogen both inside and outside the EU, which industry costs at €430 billion by 2030;
Amendment 332 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 e (new) 16e. Stresses that there is a fundamental and irremediable conflict between the interests of the fossil fuel industry and the general interest of the Union to promote the development of renewable hydrogen; demands therefore that fossil fuel industry is forbidden any access in design and development of public policies regarding the development of hydrogen; calls on the Commission and Member States to immediately end any partnerships with the fossil fuel industry on this matter;
Amendment 333 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 f (new) 16f. Expresses its deep worriedness over the prevailing influence of gas lobbies in shaping the EU Hydrogen Strategy; denounces any attempt to greenwash the use and funding of fossil fuels through of so-called low carbon hydrogen; urges the Commission to end any loopholes in its strategy which could serve as a basis for funding projects in which natural gas is the source of the hydrogen;
Amendment 334 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 g (new) 16g. Expresses its profound outrage at the revelation made that Hydrogen Europe, a fossil fuel-supported lobbying group, is acting as the secretariat of the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance; denounces the fact there no civil society organisation, environmental NGOs, independent experts or even renewable energy companies are members of this Alliance; brands therefore this European Clean Hydrogen Alliance as a greenwashed fossil lobby consortium; calls on the Commission to immediately abolish this Alliance;
Amendment 335 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 Amendment 336 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17.
Amendment 337 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17.
Amendment 338 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Stresses the work of the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU); asks the Commission to use it as a competence centre for
Amendment 339 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Stresses the work of the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU); calls for the launch of a joint undertaking for renewables and asks the Commission to use
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas
Amendment 340 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17. Stresses the work of the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU); asks the Commission to use it as a competence centre for clean hydrogen and provide it with sufficient financial resources;
Amendment 341 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17a. Suggests to the European Commission to include the deployment of hydrogen in the general objectives of PRIMA in line with the priorities of Horizon Europe in order to strengthen research and innovation capacities and to develop knowledge and common innovative solutions across the PRIMA region;
Amendment 342 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17a. Stresses the importance of an appropriate taxonomy for the ramping up of hydrogen technology, including the hydrogen infrastructure;
Amendment 343 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18.
Amendment 344 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Believes that the import
Amendment 345 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Believes that local and European production of renewable hydrogen should be prioritised; also believes that the importing of
Amendment 346 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Believes that the importing of clean hydrogen may become necessary to cater to European demand;
Amendment 347 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Believes that the importing of clean hydrogen as well as RES-based electricity for the purpose of clean hydrogen production may become necessary to cater to European demand; calls on the Commission to establish mutually beneficial cooperation with neighbouring regions, while taking into duly consideration energy security of the EU and its Member States, as well as environmental standards of the EU external partners;
Amendment 348 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Believes that the importing of clean hydrogen may become necessary to cater to European demand; underlines the importance of cross-border cooperation aiming at ensuring the proper value chain from the renewable energy source to the final application of the produced hydrogen; calls on the
Amendment 349 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Believes that the importing of
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas hydrogen can be used
Amendment 350 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18.
Amendment 351 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18.
Amendment 352 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Believes that the importing of clean hydrogen may become necessary to cater to European demand; suitable import infrastructures should be created at an early stage to allow this; seaports should play a key role in this regard;calls on the Commission to establish mutually beneficial cooperation with neighbouring regions;
Amendment 353 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18.
Amendment 354 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Believes that the importing of clean hydrogen may become necessary to cater to European demand on top of a strong, reliable internal market; calls on the Commission to establish mutually beneficial cooperation
Amendment 355 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Believes that
Amendment 356 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18.
Amendment 357 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18a. Welcomes the divergent hydrogen strategies established by the Member States; notes that some countries aim to produce an important part of their hydrogen domestically, while other countries are banking on hydrogen production in the European neighbourhood; notes in this context plans to produce hydrogen from nuclear power as part of Ukraine’s broader shift toward more sustainable energy sources and its expressed interest in a hydrogen partnership with the EU;
Amendment 358 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18a. Stresses that international cooperation in terms of low-carbon hydrogen with the neighbourhood of the EU, that is established on the basis of mutually respected rules and principles based on the EU internal gas market legislation, i.e. with the UK, EEA, Energy Community and the US, should be further developed in order to strengthen the internal market and energy security;
Amendment 359 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18a. Underlines that, in order to avoid any carbon leakage, all hydrogen imports should be certified as renewable and low carbon on all lifecycle, including production and transportation, and should be consistent with the future Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism of the European Union;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas if hydrogen
Amendment 360 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18a. Stresses that any imported hydrogen should be sourced from additional renewable electricity and should not delay the decarbonisation of the power grid in third countries;
Amendment 361 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 a (new) 18a. Underlines that priority should be given to building a clean hydrogen supply chain in Europe to foster first mover advantages, industrial competitiveness and security of energy supply;
Amendment 362 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 b (new) 18b. Emphasises that international cooperation in the field of low-carbon hydrogen with third countries, that is established on the basis of mutually respected rules and principles based on the EU internal gas market legislation, i.e. with the UK, EEA, Energy Community and the US, should be further developed in order to strengthen the internal market and energy security, provided that the third country is not subject to any EU restrictive measures, such as economic sanctions;
Amendment 363 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 b (new) 18b. Stresses that the development of hydrogen in Europe cannot be made at the expense of third countries, either by relocating potential GHG emissions associated with the production of hydrogen or by monopolising their water resources for European usage;
Amendment 364 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 b (new) 18b. Highlights the need to ensure the principles of the internal market in the hydrogen sector and create a level playing field for renewable and low-carbon hydrogen;
Amendment 365 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 c (new) 18c. Considers therefore that the German sponsored project to use the Inga 3 dam hydropower capacity to produce green hydrogen to be transformed into liquid hydrogen and be transported in tanker vessels to the Union, and Germany in particular, to be an absurd grand project; recalls furthermore that tens of thousands of villagers, whose lives depend on the river, could lose their homes if the dam is built, with little compensation or assistance to relocate; considers therefore this project to be an example of ecologically and socially disastrous project pursued in the interest of companies and not of the local people;
Amendment 366 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 c (new) 18c. Calls on the Commission to undertake thorough, transparent, inclusive and science-based impact assessments of initiatives stemming from the EU Hydrogen Strategy in line with Better Regulation guidelines;
Amendment 367 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 d (new) 18d. Expresses its concerns over the fact that countries like Japan import hydrogen from third countries, such as Australia, which is produced by using fossil fuels, coal for instance; calls on the Commission and Member States to not emulate such development; stresses therefore the need to take into account the carbon content embedded in imported hydrogen; considers that imported hydrogen must be covered by the future European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism;
Amendment 368 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 d (new) 18d. Considers, in this regard, the fact that new partnerships, especially those with Northern African countries, are a win-win business opportunity, since they support the development of the renewable and hydrogen energy industries on both sides;
Amendment 369 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 e (new) 18e. Recalls that the development of hydrogen is intrinsically linked to fuel cells; underlines that fuel cells continue to rely on precious metal catalysts – primarily platinum; points out that the mining required for this development consumes large amounts of water, and that this may compete with the needs of local populations, particularly in regions subject to water stress; stresses that mining activities in countries outside the EU may result in acute pollution affecting the quality of the water, air and earth and leading to deforestation and a loss of biodiversity; points out that mining activities mainly take place in developing countries, where labour standards are far less protective than in the EU, and that as a result, working conditions in mining operations endanger the health and lives of the miners; stresses that the pollution caused by mining has a direct impact on the means of subsistence of local people and may, in the long term, drive them to move away; points out that local people suffer indirect consequences from the contamination of the water, air and earth, with a major impact on their health; stresses therefore the need for imposing a system of due diligence;
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas renewable hydrogen c
Amendment 370 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19.
Amendment 371 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Is convinced that the EU should try to promote its standards on hydrogen internationally and thus make hydrogen a part of its international cooperation; for trading purposes uniform standards are needed that give due consideration to the concrete carbon impact and the possibility of demonstrating that the hydrogen in question is actually clean;
Amendment 372 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Is convinced that the EU should try to promote its standards on hydrogen internationally to improve the Union's strategic autonomy and thus make hydrogen a part of its international cooperation;
Amendment 373 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Is convinced that the EU should try to promote its standards on renewable hydrogen internationally and thus make renewable hydrogen a part of its international cooperation;
Amendment 374 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Is convinced that the EU should
Amendment 375 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19a. Considers that hydrogen should become part of the European international cooperation including cooperation in international organisations like IRENA or the Clean Energy Ministerial meetings, research cooperation, climate diplomacy and neighbourhood policy;
Amendment 376 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 a (new) 19a. Emphasises the opportunity hydrogen presents to promote European industrial leadership and innovation on a global level while reinforcing the EU’s role as a global climate leader;
Amendment 377 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Underlines the need for an integrated energy system in order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050; believes that the integration of the electricity, gas and hydrogen grid is beneficial for a well-functioning hydrogen and energy market; notes therefore that the development of the hydrogen economy should not lead to imbalances for the energy system as a whole; welcomes the inclusion of hydrogen in the Commission’s Strategy
Amendment 378 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Underlines
Amendment 379 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Underlines the need for an integrated energy system in order to achieve climate neutrality
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas hydrogen can be used for industrial, transport and heating applications, decarbonising sectors in which direct electrification is not
Amendment 380 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Underlines the need for an integrated energy system in order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050; believes that the integration of the electricity, gas, heating and cooling and hydrogen grid is beneficial for a well- functioning hydrogen and energy market; welcomes the inclusion of hydrogen in the Commission’s Strategy for Energy System Integration; believes that
Amendment 381 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Underlines the need for an integrated energy system in order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050; believes that the integration of the electricity, gas and hydrogen grids is beneficial for a well-functioning hydrogen and energy market; welcomes the inclusion of hydrogen in the Commission’s Strategy for Energy System Integration; believes that
Amendment 382 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Underlines the need for an integrated energy system in order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050; believes that the integration of the electricity, gas and hydrogen grid is beneficial for a well-functioning hydrogen and energy market; welcomes the inclusion of hydrogen in the Commission’s Strategy for Energy System Integration; believes that clean, renewable and low-carbon hydrogen can play a key role in terms of energy storage to balance intermittent renewable energy supply and demand;
Amendment 383 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Underlines the need for an integrated energy system in order to achieve
Amendment 384 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Underlines the need for an integrated energy system in order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050; believes that the integration of the electricity, gas and hydrogen grid is beneficial for a well-functioning hydrogen and energy market; welcomes the inclusion of hydrogen in the Commission’s Strategy for Energy System Integration; believes that clean and low-carbon hydrogen can play a key role in terms of energy storage to balance intermittent renewable energy supply and demand;
Amendment 385 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20a. Calls for more use be made of waste energy from industry, data centres and other processes, and for more emphasis to be placed on innovative projects combining the production and recovery of electricity, hydrogen and heat;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas hydrogen can be used for industrial, transport
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 3 a (new) - having regard to the OECD Declaration of 23 February 2018 on Strengthening SMEs and Entrepreneurship for Productivity and Inclusive Growth,
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas, as of today, available models of market evolution of different types of hydrogen vary greatly, and important sensitivities on price, demand and production of hydrogen make projections highly uncertain; whereas policy and investment decision should take this into account, hence focus on no- regret policy and investment options; whereas, in this context, renewable hydrogen production is the only long-term sustainable and cost-efficient solution to contribute to the achievement the Union’s climate neutrality and avoid carbon lock- in effects and stranded assets;
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas the EU’s energy system should be economically competitive and environmentally sustainable and pursued technological directions should be based on proven business cases, so that their costs would not jeopardise competitiveness of European industries nor welfare of citizens;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas the current legislative framework regulating natural gas has provided sustainability, security of supply and affordability of energy for European consumers for decades and thus should be expanded further to foster the development of a future pan-European hydrogen market;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas the decarbonisation of sectors will result in a higher share of renewable energy sources, which will lead to a greater volatility in the energy and electricity grid; whereas the demand for energy storage will massively increase to secure energy supply;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas steel production represents around 10% of direct and indirect GHG emissions worldwide, maritime transport emits about 2.5% of GHG emissions, and the development of renewable hydrogen could help cut emissions in those sectors;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas the term “clean hydrogen” is referred to in the Commission communication of 8 July 2020 entitled ‘A hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe’ with a different meaning than in the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance mission;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas hydrogen could supply up to 20% of European energy demand by 2050, between 20% and 50% of energy demand in transport and between 5% and 20% of total energy consumed in industry1; _________________ 1European University Institute and European Commission
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas research shows that renewable energies can supply up to 100%4 of the European energy mix in 2050, of which hydrogen will account for a share of 13-14%5; _________________ 4 LUT University 2020 5A hydrogen strategy for a climate- neutral Europe (COM(2020)0301)
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas the definition of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen should be based on the clear criterion of the level of CO2 emissions throughout its production process and its entire lifecycle;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas hydrogen today represents around 2% of EU’s energy mix, of which 95% is produced by fossil fuels, releasing 70 - 100 million tonnes of CO2 annually;
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 4 a (new) - having regard to the Commission communication of 14 October 2020 entitled ‘An EU strategy to reduce methane emissions’ (COM(2020)0663),
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) Ca. whereas price and yield, which are linked, should gradually improve in view of the development of industrial methods and value chains;
Amendment 51 #
Cb. whereas hydrogen world production (120 Mt) comes both from being a by-product in refining and chemical industries (70Mt) and from dedicated installations (50Mt); whereas demand for hydrogen is almost entirely supplied from fossil fuels, with 6% of global natural gas and 2% of global coal going to hydrogen production; whereas less than 0.1% of global dedicated hydrogen production today comes from water electrolysis, and within the EU the currently operating electrolysis produce less than 4% of total hydrogen production;
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C b (new) Cb. whereas the current cost of clean and low-emission hydrogen is around 2,5 to 5,5 EUR per kg, while the costs of producing fossil fuel based hydrogen is about 1,50 EUR per kg1; whereas 95% of EU hydrogen production is currently done through steam methane reforming2; whereas the current electricity mix in most Member States would produce an electricity-based hydrogen with higher emissions than fossil-fuel based hydrogen; _________________ 1aEuropean Commission (2020): A hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe. 1b European Commission: Hydrogen generation in Europe: Overview of key costs and benefits, July 2020
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C b (new) Cb. whereas the development of hydrogen systems might be addressed differently by Member States, taking into account differences in the topology of their existing gas infrastructure, their capacity to develop different ways of hydrogen production technologies, different potential for innovation and a varying demand for hydrogen by different industries in each member state;
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C b (new) Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C c (new) Cc. whereas a competitive and sustainable hydrogen economy is an opportunity for the EU to strengthen its economy, especially after the economic downturn due to COVID-19; whereas it can create up to 1 million direct high- quality jobs by 2030 and 5.4 million by20501; whereas this can be an opportunity in particular for regions who are currently heavily dependent on traditional sources of energy and that risk poverty once fossil fuels are phased out; _________________ 1 European Commission (Joint Research Centre), Hydrogen use in EU decarbonisation scenarios
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C c (new) Cc. whereas building of a competitive hydrogen market that contributes in a time and cost-efficient manner to the Union’s climate-neutrality objective for 2050 requires well developed transmission infrastructure to distribute hydrogen efficiently from production sites to consumption areas across the Union, which may be achieved based on repurposing of existing gas grids and building dedicated hydrogen transmission infrastructure;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C c (new) Cc. whereas total hydrogen production capacity in Europe at the end of 2018 has been estimated at 11,5Mt per year: Germany: 2,44Mt, the Netherlands: 1,5Mt, Poland 1,25Mt, and the total installed capacity of electrolysers in Europe is around 1 GW, which would amount to around 1,4% of total hydrogen production capacity;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C c (new) Cc. whereas large investments in a hydrogen grid will be needed and therefore blending hydrogen into the gas grid is a first step for the roll-out of a hydrogen grid; whereas this requires equal European blending standards;
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C d (new) Cd. whereas most of the gas pipelines are privately owned and clear rules regarding the grid ownership for a hydrogen grid will be needed now to ensure planning security, and whereas the principle of unbundling needs to be maintained at all times;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 5 a (new) - having regard to the Commission communication of 19 November 2020 entitled ‘An EU Strategy to harness the potential of offshore renewable energy for a climate neutral future’ (COM(2020)0741),
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C d (new) Cd. whereas the principle of additionality as framed in article 27 of the Renewable Energy Directive poses major risks to hydrogen investments and hydrogen uptake;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C d (new) Cd. whereas the total share of hydrogen production from fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage (blue hydrogen) in European hydrogen production capacity is around 0,7%;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses that the production of hydrogen is not a goal in and of itself, but should contribute to the overall reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; asserts that renewable hydrogen7a can act as a renewable energy storage vector and deliver solutions for certain industrial sectors, such as the steel industry, or certain transport sectors where electrification may not be a suitable option, such as the aviation sector; stresses the need to maintain and further develop European technological leadership in
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the need to maintain and further develop European technological leadership in clean hydrogen13 through a competitive and sustainable hydrogen economy with an integrated hydrogen market; emphasises the necessity of a European hydrogen strategy that covers the whole hydrogen value chain, including the demand and supply sectors, and is coordinated with national efforts to bring down the costs of clean hydrogen;
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1.
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the need to maintain and further develop European technological leadership in
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the need to maintain and further develop European technological
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the need to maintain and further develop European technological leadership in
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the need to maintain and further develop European technological leadership in clean and low-carbon hydrogen13 through a competitive and sustainable hydrogen economy with an integrated hydrogen
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the need to maintain and further develop European technological leadership in clean hydrogen13 and low- carbon hydrogen through a competitive and sustainable hydrogen economy with an integrated hydrogen market; emphasises the necessity of a European hydrogen strategy that covers the whole hydrogen value chain, including the demand and supply sectors, and is
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 6 a (new) - having regard to the Commission communication of 14 October 2020 entitled ‘An EU strategy to reduce methane emissions’ (COM(2020)0663),
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Stresses the need to maintain and further develop European technological leadership in
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Highlights that hydrogen-derived products such as synthetic fuels produced with renewable energy constitute a carbon-neutral alternative to fossil fuels and can therefore significantly contribute, among other emission-reduction solutions such as electrification, to the defossilisation of a wide variety of sectors; stresses that a cross-sectoral application, including road transport, is vital to reduce the price of these energy carriers significantly through economies of scale and to ensure sufficient market volume.
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Recognises the efforts undertaken by hydrogen valleys in various regions throughout the EU in developing integrated, cross-sectoral clean hydrogen value chains; underlines their important role in initiating the production and application of clean hydrogen towards a European clean hydrogen economy; urges the Commission to build on these initiatives, and to support their development and cooperation for pooling their know-how and investments;
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1a. Notes that clean hydrogen must include both renewable hydrogen and low-carbon hydrogen, and stresses the need to propose more inclusive and technologically neutral definitions with a view to meeting environmental goals involving a reduction in CO2;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 b (new) 1b. Underlines the significant amount of natural resources such as water needed for hydrogen production and the problems this may cause for water scarce regions in Europe; stresses, therefore, the importance of increasing resource- efficiency and careful resource- management for clean hydrogen production;
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Underlines th
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Underlines that the ‘energy efficiency first’ principle prevails and that direct electrification, where possible, is the preferable option for decarbonisation as it is more cost- and energy-efficient than the use of clean hydrogen; recalls at the same time that in many cases direct electrification is associated with higher costs and is therefore less socially acceptable; recalls that factors such as security of supply, technical feasibility and energy system considerations also determine how best an application can be decarbonised;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Underlines that the ‘energy efficiency first’ principle and energy conservation prevail
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Underlines that the ‘energy efficiency first’ principle prevails and that while direct electrification, where
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Underlines th
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 15 a (new) - having regard to the opinion of the European Committee of the Regions of 1 July 2020 on ‘Towards a Roadmap for Clean Hydrogen – the contribution of local and regional authorities to a climate-neutral Europe’
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Underlines that the ‘energy efficiency first’ principle
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Underlines th
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Underlines that the ‘energy efficiency first’ principle prevails and that direct electrification, where possible, is naturally the preferable option
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Is convinced that
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3.
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Is convinced that
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Is convinced that
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Is convinced that only clean hydrogen is sustainably contributing to achieving climate neutrality in the long term; notes with concern that clean hydrogen is not yet competitive with fossil fuel-based or low-carbon hydrogen; thus urges the Commission and Member States to incentivise the value chain and market uptake of clean hydrogen;
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 15 a (new) - having regard to its resolution of 28 November 2019 on the climate and environment emergency;
Amendment 90 #
3. Is convinced that
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Is convinced that
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Is convinced that only
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Notes the ambitious assumptions presented by the Commission regarding future cost-compatibility of clean hydrogen; points out however that different cost studies on renewable electricity technologies vary significantly in their estimations and there are large discrepancies in forecasts on hydrogen future levelised costs;
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3a. Acknowledges the need of a regulatory framework in full respect of the proportionality, subsidiarity, and better regulation principles, emphasising the SME-Test;
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 b (new) 3b. Stresses that the European policy for development of the hydrogen economy cannot put Member States before the choice of either having more renewables- based energy in grids or to use this energy for clean hydrogen production; rejects in this respect the idea of introducing minimum shares or quotas for clean hydrogen as its consequences would be contrary to the pursued climate goals;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 c (new) 3c. Acknowledges the Communication’s statement that the transition to a climate neutral energy system integration should be planned carefully, taking into account today’s starting points and infrastructure that may differ across Member States and that hydrogen ecosystem requires different policy solutions across sectors and across regions; regrets, however, that the Communication lacks further development of these assumptions and asks the Commission to provide more information of planned differentiation and flexibility of support measures;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 d (new) 3d. Asks the Commission to provide an impact analysis per Member State, including on energy security of national systems, energy costs as well as social and industrial costs of hydrogen market transformation ahead of any legislative proposal in that field;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Believes that a common legal classification of the different types of hydrogen is of utmost importance; welcomes the classification proposed by the Commission; notes that avoiding two names for the same category
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Believes that a common legal classification of the different types of hydrogen is of utmost importance;
source: 662.101
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