2020/2274(INI) The role of development policy in the response to biodiversity loss in developing countries, in the context of the achievement of the 2030 Agenda
Lead committee dossier:
Progress: Awaiting Parliament's vote
| Role | Committee | Rapporteur | Shadows |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | DEVE |
RIVASI Michèle ( Verts/ALE)
|
MORTLER Marlene ( EPP),
NEUSER Norbert ( S&D),
RODRÍGUEZ RAMOS María Soraya ( Renew),
BILDE Dominique ( ID),
KEMPA Beata ( ECR),
URBÁN CRESPO Miguel ( GUE/NGL)
|
| Committee Opinion | ENVI | ||
| Committee Opinion | AGRI |
Lead committee dossier:
Legal Basis:
RoP 54
Legal Basis:
RoP 54Subjects
Events
2021/09/13
Indicative plenary sitting date
2021/07/27
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading
Documents
2021/07/27
EP - Committee report tabled for plenary
Documents
2021/07/13
EP - Vote in committee
2021/03/09
EP - Amendments tabled in committee
Documents
2021/02/22
EP - Committee draft report
Documents
2021/01/21
EP - Committee referral announced in Parliament
2020/05/28
EP - RIVASI Michèle (Verts/ALE) appointed as rapporteur in DEVE
Documents
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading: A9-0258/2021
- Committee report tabled for plenary: A9-0258/2021
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE689.665
- Committee draft report: PE689.496
- Committee draft report: PE689.496
- Amendments tabled in committee: PE689.665
- Committee report tabled for plenary, single reading: A9-0258/2021
Activities
- Dominique BILDE
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Fabio Massimo CASTALDO
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Roberta METSOLA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- João PIMENTA LOPES
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Michèle RIVASI
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Carlos ZORRINHO
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Saskia BRICMONT
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Catherine CHABAUD
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Grace O'SULLIVAN
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Caroline ROOSE
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Robert ROOS
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Alex AGIUS SALIBA
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Sara CERDAS
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Krzysztof JURGIEL
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Marlene MORTLER
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Elena LIZZI
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Barry ANDREWS
Plenary Speeches (0)
- Manuela RIPA
Plenary Speeches (0)
| Amendments | Dossier |
| 248 |
2020/2274(INI)
2021/03/09
DEVE
248 amendments...
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 2 — having regard to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) of 1992, and the upcoming 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties thereto (COP15),
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 10 c (new) — having regard to the Commission communication of 24 February 2021“Forging a climate-resilient Europe - the new EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change",
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls for the EU and its Member States to support the global recognition of the right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment at the UN General Assembly and to examine the case for giving legal personality to nature, calls for a global effort towards the fulfilment of the SDGs and the protection of global biodiversity;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Insists that the objectives set by the European Union in terms of protection of the biodiversity should be reflected in its external action with third countries and be fully integrated in partnership strategies and agreements, such as fisheries agreement where the European Union can help third countries develop their capacity building to halt biodiversity loss, which can be particularly at stake in those areas;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Is deeply concerned by the major gap in data, indicators and the finance needed to halt biodiversity loss and inconsistencies in biodiversity finance reporting and tracking; recalls that establishing specific, measurable and quantitative targets and indicators for the post-2020 framework is essential to improving the ability to monitor progress;
Amendment 103 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 a (new) 5 a. Calls the EU and rich countries, responsible for much of the policies that led to biodiversity loss at global level, to financially support global efforts and developing countries to defend biodiversity.
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 b (new) 5 b. Calls on the Commission to champion an ambitious governance model in international UN negotiations on marine biodiversity and marine genetic resources beyond national jurisdictions; calls to recognise the ocean as a global common, with a view to a new approach in the preamble that prioritises individual and collective responsibilities over the traditional principles of freedom and sovereign rights, as laid down in the Law of the Sea, and thus ensures that the ocean is protected;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 c (new) 5 c. Welcomes the African initiative on the "Great Green Wall" and calls on the Commission to support this project;
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Highlights that some of Earth's most biologically diverse yet threatened terrestrial and marine areas act as biodiversity hotspots; insists that preservation and restoration efforts, notably at regional level, should be intensified;
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Calls for the EU and its Member States to promote research and innovation on nature-based solutions or development approaches for delivering key development benefits and thus help implementing the Sustainable Development Goals;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 a (new) 6 a. Highlights the direct and indirect impacts of EU Economy on global biodiversity and that EU has special responsibility for global biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 6 b (new) 6 b. Calls for the EU and its Member States to accelerate and intensify policy actions to eliminate, phase out or reform incentives, including funding, that are harmful for biodiversity, and develop and apply positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, consistent and in line with Agenda 2030 and relevant international Conventions and obligations;
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 10 d (new) — having regard to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS),
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7.
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 7 7. Underlines the fact that planning, scrutinising and monitoring the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument (NDICI) are key to the pursuit of the EU’s global biodiversity goals; calls for harnessing the reporting and monitoring framework of EU external biodiversity policy, through i.e. detailed provisions on biodiversity objectives and indicators;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 Amendment 113 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Regrets the fact that the EU external budget for supporting
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Regrets the fact that the EU budget for supporting external biodiversity policy remains considerably low in comparison with that earmarked for climate change policies; highlights the need for new investments tools to support resource mobilisation for protecting the biodiversity (such as biodiversity-relevant taxes, fees and charges); in addition, stresses the need to track, report and reform harmful subsidies to channel them towards biodiversity-friendly activities;
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Regrets the fact that the EU budget for supporting external biodiversity policy remains considerably low in comparison with that earmarked for climate change policies; calls for an effective increase in budget allocation of resources aimed at defending biodiversity
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 8 8. Regrets the fact that the EU budget for supporting external biodiversity policy remains considerably low in comparison with that earmarked for climate change policies and that environmentally harmful subsidies have not been phased out;
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9.
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for the EU to
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 8.
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 11 a (new) — having regard to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES), and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS),
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 9. Calls for the EU to pass a mandatory due diligence law to make companies and their financiers directly responsible for ensuring that their imports are not tainted by
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 a (new) 9 a. calls on the Member States to implement effective regulatory measures to provide identify, assess, prevent, cease, mitigate, monitor, communicate, account for, address and remediate the potential and/or actual adverse human rights abuses and hold businesses accountable when it comes to ensuring that they fulfil their due diligence obligations regarding the impact of biodiversity loss and climate change on human rights in line with UN guiding principles on Business and HumanRights;
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 9 b (new) 9 b. Welcomes the Commission’s commitment to develop a legislative proposal on mandatory human rights and environmental corporate due diligence for companies throughout their supply chains; recommends that this legislative proposal should support and facilitate the development of common impact measuring methodologies for environmental and climate change impacts; stresses the importance of effective, meaningful and informed consultation and communication with different all affected or potentially affected stakeholders, such as human rights including environmental defenders, civil society, trade unions, indigenous people and local communities;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Recalls that the effectiveness of EU external biodiversity policy depends on policy coherence between biodiversity and other key EU external policies, and in particular its trade policies and free-trade agreements;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 10. Recalls that the effectiveness of EU
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Notes that the IPBES’ 2019 GA report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services shows the limits of the approach of the protection of biodiversity through the spatial extent of terrestrial and marine protected area, which account among the few Aichi Biodiversity Targets partially achieved;
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 10 a (new) 10 a. Underlines the need to implement an accessible, transparent, and publicly available screening system to identify and mitigate potential biodiversity risk of development projects funded by EU.
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Urges the EU to
Amendment 128 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11.
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Urges the EU to mainstream biodiversity into all related policy areas, notably agriculture, fisheries, energy, mining, trade and climate change as well as to promote innovative and implementable solutions to tackle biodiversity loss, while ensuring healthy, safe, accessible and affordable food to all;
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 11 a (new) — having regard to the Commission communication of 20 May 2020 “A Farm to Fork Strategy - for a fair, healthy and environmentally-friendly food system”,
Amendment 130 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Urges the EU to mainstream biodiversity into all policy areas, notably agriculture, fisheries, energy, mining, trade and climate change, and in particular, to abstain from concluding trade agreements that are likely to impact biodiversity in a significant manner;
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 11. Urges the EU to mainstream biodiversity and ecosystem services into all policy areas, notably agriculture, fisheries, energy, mining, trade and climate change;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Stresses that sustainably managed and multifunctional forests are important part of green infrastructure which provides a home for thousands of species and that about 50% of Natura 2000 sites are forests; thus emphasizes that management practices applied in European forests clearly show that the ecological functions of forest ecosystems and biodiversity can be maintained in managed forests along with all other functions;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 11 a (new) 11 a. Calls for the EU and its Member States to ensure that biodiversity and ecosystem services are mainstreamed in development and poverty reduction policies and actions;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Notes with deep concern that EU consumption accounts for around 10 % of the global share of deforestation; reiterates its call for the Commission to submit a proposal in 2021 for an EU legal framework to halt and reverse EU-driven global deforestation, by ensuring that EU market and consumption patterns do not detrimentally affect forests and biodiversity and by abstaining from clinching trade deals with countries with unsatisfactory track records regarding the fight against deforestation;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 12 12. Notes with deep concern that EU consumption accounts for around 10 % of the global share of deforestation, through its high import dependency of agricultural commodities such as palm oil, meat, soy, cocoa, maize, timber, rubber; reiterates its call for the Commission to submit a proposal in 2021 for an EU legal framework to halt and reverse EU-driven global deforestation, by ensuring that EU market and consumption patterns do not detrimentally affect forests and biodiversity;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 13. Recalls that the EU’s growing demand for wood for use in materials, energy and the bioeconomy is exceeding the limits of its supply, which increases the risk of import-embodied deforestation, land grabbing, forced displacement and violations of
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13 a. Underlines that EU investment in agriculture, forestry or fishery or in undertakings that impact soil, grassland, forest, water or sea, needs to be in line with the CFS’s Voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security (VGGTs) and CFS Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems in order to protect ecosystems and prevent biodiversity loss;
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13 a. Calls on the EU to step up the implementation of its FLEGT Action Plan in particular the Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) so as to reduce the demand for illegal timber and the associated trade and to strengthen the rights of communities and Indigenous Peoples living affected by logging;
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13 a. Regrets, in this regard, the impact of China's demand for timber on European and French forests, seeing as, in particular, there was a sevenfold increase in the exports of timber from France to China between 2007 and 2019, with dire consequences for the French timber industry;
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 11 a (new) — having regard to the Streamlining European Biodiversity Indicators (SEBI) 2020, issued by the Environmental European Agency,
Amendment 140 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 13 a (new) 13 a. Stresses that the use of damaged wood for bioenergy can increase the sustainability of the world’s forests in the light of the rising demand for energy from renewable sources;
Amendment 141 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls for the protection and restoration of forests to be
Amendment 142 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls for the protection and restoration of forests to be
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls for the protection and restoration of forests to be prioritised in the upcoming NDICI; emphasizes that forests can only develop their full functions for the climate and the environment if they are managed sustainably;
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 14. Calls for the protection and restoration of forests and the defence of biodiversity to be prioritised in the upcoming NDICI;
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 14 a (new) 14 a. Underlines that protecting biodiversity and mitigating climate change are not automatically mutually supportive; calls for the revision of the Renewable Energy Directive to make it consistent with EU’s international commitments on Agenda 2030, the Paris Agreement and the Convention of Biological Diversity, which entails i.e.: to introduce social sustainability criteria taking into account the risks of land- grabbing; to this end, RED II should comply with international tenure rights standards, i.e. ILO Convention No 169 and FAO Voluntary Guidelines on Land Tenures and Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems;
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Recalls that agricultur
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Recalls that agricultural production both depends and has an impact on biodiversity; highlights that effective mainstreaming of biodiversity in agriculture requires i.e. to identify and phase out environmentally harmful subsidies; to enshrine the “polluter pays” principle within the regulatory framework (e.g. taxes on synthetic fertiliser and pesticide use) and to make ex-ante and ex- post Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) mandatory;
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Recalls that agricultural production both depends and has an impact on biodiversity; stresses that policy actions and financial incentives should enable farmers to implement training, technology and innovation in the uptake and delivery of biodiversity and environmental benefits, while keeping in balance regulatory actions, voluntary measures and good agricultural practices;
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 11 a (new) — having regard to the Parliament in depth analysis on Trade and Biodiversity of June 2020,
Amendment 150 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Recalls that agricultural production both depends and has an impact on biodiversity; calls on the EU to support developing countries in implementing the sustainability of food systems, trough the creation of short supply chains, the development of agroecology, support for small farmers, and put an end to the practice of land grabbing by large multinationals
Amendment 151 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 15. Recalls that agricultural production both depends and has an impact on biodiversity; highlights the fact that agricultural expansion accounts for 70% of the projected loss of global biodiversity and the demand for fertile land is projected to increase substantially by 2050 due to increasing population and urbanization;
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 a (new) 15 a. Highlights that fisheries activities in third countries must promote sustainability and good governance by strengthening institutional capacities, promote restoration and protection of marine and coastal ecosystems and ensure regional coherence in order to take into account the cumulative impacts of the various fisheries agreements in certain regions of third countries;
Amendment 153 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 15 b (new) 15 b. Highlights that approximately 3 billion people around the world rely on fisheries product as a primary source of protein;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16.
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 16. Insists that EU external funding for agriculture should be in line with the
Amendment 157 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Urges a shift away from trade- oriented and over-specialised agricultural policies and towards support for food sovereignty and local and regional markets; Calls for the prioritisation of local production and consumption that ensure local job creation, guarantee fair prices for producers and consumers, reduce countries' dependence on imports and their vulnerability to international price fluctuations; Urges to support small- scale producers and farmers, and in particular women and youth; stresses the need to enable small-scale farmers to be less dependent on external inputs and to strengthen their resilience to crises, with countries facilitating the production, exchange and use of peasant seeds;
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 16 a (new) 16 a. Stresses that it is also up to the beneficiary countries to provide for the economic and social conditions that would foster agroecology, notably when it comes to access to credit and to local distribution channels;
Amendment 159 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 11 a (new) — having regard to the mid-term review of the EUs Biodiversity Strategy,
Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 17.
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17 a. Underlines that an appropriate legal framework on New Breeding Techniques (NBTs), based on scientific knowledge, could contribute significantly to achieving ambitious environmental and climate goals, while using less pesticides and fertilizers and having scarce water resources available;
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 17 a (new) 17 a. Recalls that agricultural development projects should comply with the international and EU environmental and social standards, especially those related to deforestation-free and land- neutral trade chains;
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Recalls that seed diversity is vital in building the resilience of
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Recalls that
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Recalls that seed diversity is vital in building the resilience of farming to climate change; against this backdrop, notes with concern that EU FTAs require Parties to ensure the protection of plant varieties in accordance with the revised 1991 International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), which is incompatible with the provisions of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA);
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 18 18. Recalls that seed diversity is vital in building the resilience of farming to climate change and that in particular, crop diversification should be enhanced among smallholder farmers as a way of adapting to climate change, with a focus on crops that provide increased resilience to drought;
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19.
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 19 19. Calls for the EU to support intellectual property rights regimes that enhance the development of locally adapted seed varieties and farmer-saved seeds and call for the developing and least-developed countries to foster the development of local seed industries;
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls for the EU to put an end to the double standards towards pesticides whereby hazardous substances banned in the EU can be exported from the Union; believes however that adopting overly ambitious quantitative reduction targets in a relatively short period may result in different pace of adjustment in different Member States and lead to a segmentation of the single food market, both of which would undermine the achievements of the EU's cohesion policy so far;
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 18 a (new) — having regard to the in-depth analysis entitled “The link between biodiversity loss and the increasing spread of zoonotic diseases”, published by its Directorate-General for External Policies in December 2020,
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20.
Amendment 172 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls for the EU to put an end to the double standards towards pesticides whereby hazardous substances banned in the EU can be exported from the Union; Calls the Commission to introduce a legislation to end the export of banned pesticides, while supporting developing countries in increasing their agroecological and organic practices and productions;
Amendment 173 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 20. Calls for the EU to put an end to the double standards towards pesticides whereby hazardous substances banned in the EU can be exported from the Union, in line with EU’s commitments towards PCD, the Green Deal, the “do-not-harm principle” and the Rotterdam Convention of 1998;
Amendment 174 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 20 a (new) 20 a. Calls for the EU to promote more sustainable agricultural practices to restore limited water resources;
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls for the EU to
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 21. Calls for the EU to advocate at COP 15 of the UN CBD a global moratorium on gene drive research linked to the development of applications and on releases of gene drive organisms into nature, including field trials, and to uphold the precautionary principle, ass enshrined in the TFUE as well as the CBD;
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Recalls that conservation, restoration and sustainable management of marine ecosystems is crucial for climate mitigation strategies while ensuring that the rights and livelihoods of small-scale fishers and coastal communities are respected; emphasises that the IPCC Special report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate gives evidence of the benefits of combining scientific with local and indigenous knowledge to enforce resilience; urges the EU to develop a Human Rights -based approach towards ocean governance;
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Highlights the fact that small-scale fishers directly dependent on coastal and marine biodiversity for their livelihoods; however, the world’s oceans and coasts are highly threatened by unsustainable fishing practices, rapid climate change, land-based pollution and eutrophication; Is of the opinion that significant reductions in fishing pressure and changes in fishing techniques in most marine fisheries would lead to rebuilding of fisheries over the next decades;
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Calls on the EU to promote sustainable agricultural and fisheries practices to protect and restore the world’s forests in all of its international cooperation, with a particular attention to to sustainable water resource management, the restoration of degraded land, and the protection and restoration of biodiverse areas with high ecosystem services and climate mitigation potential;
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 18 a (new) — having regard to the IPBES Workshop Report on Biodiversity and Pandemics of 29 October 2020,
Amendment 180 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 a (new) 21 a. Stresses the importance of continuing and stepping up the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, and penalties for associated criminal practices, given that intrinsically polluting and illegal activities contribute to the deterioration of the marine environment and its biodiversity;
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 b (new) 21 b. Underlines that the excessive fishing capacity within the framework of international fish trade is threatening food security of coastal communities and marine ecosystems in developing countries; recalls EU’s commitment towards the Principle of Policy Coherence for Development; takes the view that progress still needs to be made for Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreements to become truly sustainable, highlights that these agreements must be in line with best available scientific advice and must neither undermine local food security nor threaten the small-scale fisheries sector in third countries by putting it in direct competition with EU vessels; more broadly, calls on the EU and its Member States to push for ambitious measures and financial resources to tackle the global issue of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and the trade of illegal seafood products;
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 b (new) 21 b. Calls on the Commission to support the establishment of a global capacity building programme for the use and management of soil biodiversity and the Global Soil Biodiversity Observatory; Calls on the Commission to support on- going efforts in FAO’s Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture for a Global Plan of Action to address the decline of biodiversity for food and agriculture and promote its sustainable management;
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 c (new) 21 c. Emphasises that creating a sustainable maritime environment requires to tackle i.a. land-based pollution reaching the seas and oceans, marine pollution and eutrophication; urges the EU and its Member States to take all necessary measures to address holistically the root causes of marine pollution and fish depletion, and to reform accordingly its sectoral policy, notably its agricultural policy, to respond effectively to its international commitments on biodiversity and climate change;
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 21 d (new) 21 d. Stresses the need to implement an integrated approach to all sectors of the Blue Economy based on science and an Ecosystem-based approach, which implies an understanding of the relationships between human society and the ecosystems that support it; emphasises accordingly the duty of states to refrain from taking measures, including large- scale development projects, that may adversely affect the livelihoods of inland and marine smallscale fishers, their territories or access rights, unless their free, prior and informed consent is obtained, and ensure that courts protect such rights; and conduct ex-ante assessments of extractive industry projects, operated by private entities in order to evaluate the possible negative human rights impacts on local fishing communities;
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Highlights the EU’s responsibility to reduce the indirect drivers of biodiversity loss, by systematically including biodiversity in trade negotiations and dialogues with developing countries as well as legally enforceable clauses in free- trade agreements where it applies;
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 22. Highlights the EU’s responsibility to reduce the indirect drivers of biodiversity loss, by systematically including biodiversity and safeguards against landgrabs in trade negotiations and dialogues with developing countries;
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. Stresses the proven link between trade liberalization, agricultural over- specialisation, deforestation, biodiversity loss and climate change; call for agricultural trade policies that fully respect workers and indigenous rights, climate and the environment Calls the EU to align its trade policy with the SDG and Biodiversity Strategies’ objectives, and the carbon neutral objective of the EU Green Deal, and consequently to review its FTAs;
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. Regrets in that regard the trade- deal clinched between the European Union and Mercosur in light of its impact on deforestation and biodiversity loss, note in this regard that according to a recent article published in Science, "roughly 20% of soy exports and at least 17% of beef exports from both biomes [Cerrado and Amazon regions of Brazil] to the EU may be contaminated with illegal deforestation.";1a __________________ 1a https://science.sciencemag.org/content/36 9/6501/246
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. invites the Commission to carefully assess the impacts of trade agreements on deforestation and biodiversity loss in the Sustainability Impact Assessments (SIAs) and other relevant assessments, based on solid data and evaluation methodologies;
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 18 c (new) — having regard to the IPBES Workshop Report on Biodiversity and Pandemics of 29th October 2020,
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 a (new) 22 a. Points out that approximately a third of harvested food is lost either in the food transport and transformation chain; urges the EU and its Member States to promote food waste reduction practices;
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 22 b (new) 22 b. Stresses that the EU's biodiversity strategy should not overlook fishing agreements with developing countries, which should enhance sustainable practices and support coastal communities, is concerned in that regard about the overexploitation of fishing resources by foreign fleets, among others, Chinese fleets, notably in West Africa and the impact in terms of food security;
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Stresses that in order to be enforceable, the environmental objectives of the EU’s free trade agreements (FTAs) must be clear, quantifiable, verifiable
Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Stresses that in order to be enforceable, the environmental objectives of the EU’s free trade agreements (FTAs) must be clear, quantifiable
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23.
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 23. Stresses that in order to be enforceable, the environmental objectives of the EU’s free trade agreements (FTAs) must be clear, quantifiable, verifiable and include sanctions for non-compliance and that these objectives should be included in all the free-trade agreements agreed on by the European Union;
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23 a. Stresses that the EU need to engage with partner countries to ensure a smooth and fair transition, mobilising inparticular Aid for Trade to ensure that partners reap the benefits of biodiversity- friendly trade;
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 23 a (new) 23 a. Points out that the EU already includes biodiversity-related non-trade provisions in trade agreements, while implementable, measurable and realistic guarantees can be considered;
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Highlights that the biodiversity of cultivated crops and farmed animals has fallen as a result of international trade; calls for a
Amendment 199 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 24. Highlights that the biodiversity of cultivated crops and farmed animals has fallen as a result of international trade, in particular, recalls that specialisation in agriculture, resulting from trade liberalisation, has a downside negative effect for ecosystem, that are less diverse, and therefore less functional and less resilient; calls for a full assessment of the direct and indirect impact of EU FTAs on biodiversity;
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 a (new) — having regard to Global Biodiversity Outlook 5 of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity of 15 September 2020,
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A A. whereas around 70 % of the world’s poor directly depend on biological diversity for their livelihoods, whereas developing and least-developed countries in particular are highly dependent on fish resources for their coastal communities;
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 24 a (new) 24 a. Calls on the Commission to carefully review its trade policy, especially EPA, to ensure that it is not in contradiction with the principles of policy coherence for development, the Paris agreement and the green deal. Asks the Commission and the Council not to conclude new free trade agreements that could contributing to increase world deforestation and biodiversity loss;
Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 25. Stresses that the deterioration of biodiversity and ecosystems have both direct and indirect impacts on public health, and the link between increasing spread of zoonotic diseases and biodiversity loss;
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 a (new) 25 a. Recalls that according to the above-mentioned IPBES report, there might be "up to 1.7 million " undiscovered’ viruses in mammal and water birds, among which 631,000 to 827,000 could potentially infect humans and that deforestation in particular, is a major trigger in the propagation of new pathogens due to the increased contact between wildlife, livestock and humans;
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 25 a (new) 25 a. Notes that diverse diets combined with global convergence to moderate levels of calorie and meat consumption would improve health and food security in many areas and also substantially reduce impacts on biodiversity;
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Recalls that ecological restoration is critical for the implementation of the ‘One Health’ approach; Stresses that the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of recognizing the intrinsic connection between human health, animal health and biodiversity;calls on the Commission to present, in collaboration with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, a European Strategy against zoonotic pandemics, building upon cooperation with EU partner countries to reduce the risk of future zoonotic pandemics;
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Recalls that the risk of pandemics is driven by anthropogenic changes, such as land-use change, agricultural expansion and intensification, the rise of global trade and consumption as well as demographic pressure, that brings wildlife, livestock and people into closer contact; in this context, recalls that ecological restoration is critical for the implementation of the ‘One Health’ approach;
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 26. Recalls that ecological restoration is critical for the implementation of the ‘One Health’ approach, and the awareness on the links between biodiversity, which signals a healthy ecosystem, and human and animal health; underlines that air, water and soil quality, as well as processes such as pollination, depend on healthy ecosystems and biodiversity;
Amendment 207 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 26 a (new) 26 a. Recalls the link between biodiversity loss and the rise of zoonotic pathogens;
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Recalls that the majority of drugs used for healthcare and the prevention of diseases are derived from biodiversity, while many important therapeutics are derived from indigenous knowledge and traditional medicine;
Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 27. Recalls that the majority of drugs used for healthcare and the prevention of diseases are derived from biodiversity; it is estimated that over 28,000 species of plants around the world are used medicinally;
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. whereas the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems include i.e. purification of water and air, pest and disease control, crop pollination, soil fertility, genetic diversity, freshwater provisioning, flood protection and carbon sequestration and resilience to climate change;
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 27 a (new) 27 a. Emphasizes that the COVID-19 epidemic has increased the persisting problem of the access to medicines, which has serious consequences in developing countries; stresses the significance of placing the health of patients at the centre of closer cooperation between the EU and developing countries, while ensuring coherence in the policies of development, trade, health, research and innovation to stronger focus on healthcare and disease prevention in developing countries;
Amendment 211 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29. Stresses the need to ensure that the benefits of nature’s genetic resources are shared fairly and equitably; underlines that regulations taken to protect GR and their associated TK must comply with international commitments taken on the promotion and respect of the rights of indigenous peoples as enshrined in the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and the 1989 ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples (No 169); in particular, insists that the WTO Agreement on Trade- Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) should be compatible with the Nagoya Protocol to the UN CBD; accordingly, considers it crucial to establish mandatory requirements on disclosing the origin of genetic resources during patent proceedings;
Amendment 212 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 29 29. Stresses the need to ensure that the benefits of nature’s genetic resources are shared fairly and equitably; insists that the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) should be compatible with the Nagoya Protocol to the UN CBD; considers that given the risk of new pandemics caused by ever greater deforestation and loss of biodiversity, it is necessary to implement a waiver on IPR for drugs and vaccines useful for fighting pandemics, starting with the ones related to COVID19;
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 30. Underlines the fact that the IPBES global assessment demonstrated the
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 30 a (new) 30 a. Underlines that pastoralists and other nature-based land users in rangelands and natural grasslands contribute to conservation and sustainable use of natural and domestic biodiversity;
Amendment 215 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Highlights the numerous allegations of large-scale violations of the rights of indigenous peoples reported by the UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
Amendment 216 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Highlights the numerous allegations of large-scale violations of the rights of indigenous peoples reported by the UN Special Rapporteur
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 31. Highlights the numerous allegations of large-scale violations of the rights of indigenous peoples reported by the UN
Amendment 218 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 31 a (new) 31 a. Recalls the legal duties of the State to recognise and protect the rights of indigenous people to own, develop, control and use their communal lands and to participate in the management and conservation of the natural resources;
Amendment 219 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Calls
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A a (new) A a. whereas the majority of biodiversity loss takes place in developing countries;
Amendment 220 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Calls for the EU to enhance the scrutiny of EU-funded projects in terms of human rights abuses and, where necessary, to terminate projects which violate human rights and evict IPLC from their homeland and to foster better practices when it comes to the implications of nature conservation projects and IPLC;
Amendment 221 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 32. Calls for the EU to enhance the scrutiny of EU-funded projects in terms of human rights abuses, notably for the creation or expansion of existing protected areas and, where necessary, to terminate projects which violate human rights and evict IPLC from their homeland;
Amendment 222 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 a (new) 32 a. Calls on the EU Member States that have not yet ratified ILO Convention N.169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of 1989, to do so; Underlines that ILO Convention N. 169 obliges all ratifying states to develop coordinated action to protect indigenous peoples’ rights;
Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 b (new) 32 b. Calls on the EU to further invest and strengthen specific protection mechanisms and programmes for indigenous populations and environmental human rights defenders; stresses the importance to ensure the continuation of ProtectDefenders.eu project at increased levels offunding as well as of other existing EU tools for supporting human rights defenders;
Amendment 224 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 32 c (new) 32 c. Recalls the obligation on states to protect environmental defenders and their families against harassment, intimidation and violence, as enshrined in human rights law, as well as to guarantee their fundamental freedoms, and their obligation to recognise the rights of indigenous populations and local communities, and to acknowledge their contributions, experiences and knowledge to the fight against biodiversity loss and environmental degradation;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33. Urges the EU to ensure that a
Amendment 226 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33. Urges the EU to ensure that a rights-based approach is applied to all projects funded through Official Development Assistance (ODA), with particular regard to the rights of pastoralists and IPLC, including full recognition of the right to self- determination and land rights as enshrined in human rights treaties; strongly reminds to this regards that Free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) of affected indigenous communities must be obtained in accordance with international standards and practices;
Amendment 227 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33. Urges the EU to ensure that a rights-based approach is applied to all projects funded through Official Development Assistance (ODA), with particular regard to the rights of pastoralists and IPLC, including full recognition of the right to self- determination and land rights as enshrined in human rights treaties and in compliance with the legal systems of the beneficiary countries;
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 33 33. Urges the EU to ensure that a rights-based approach is applied to all projects funded through Official Development Assistance (ODA), with particular regard to the rights of pastoralists and IPLC, including
Amendment 229 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 34 34. Urges the EU to ensure that the NaturAfrica Initiative promotes a rights- based approach to conservation and is developed
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A b (new) A b. whereas biodiversity continues to remain a critical source for medicinal development;
Amendment 230 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 34 34. Urges the EU to ensure that the NaturAfrica Initiative to protect wildlife and key ecosystems while offering opportunities in green sectors for local populations, promotes a rights-
Amendment 231 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 34 a (new) 34 a. Encourages the EU and its Member States to support the African Governance Architecture (AGA), and in particular the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights, in order to implement the African Union Policy Framework on Pastoralism in Africa and, more broadly, to recognise pastoralists’ and indigenous peoples’ rights;
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 34 a (new) 34 a. Stresses that the loss of biodiversity-dependent ecosystem services is likely to emphasise inequality and marginalization of the most vulnerable people, by decreasing their access to a healthy life and by reducing their freedom of choice and actions;
Amendment 233 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 34 b (new) 34 b. Urges the parties to the UNFCCC to revise Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs),with the full and effective participation of indigenous peoples and develop monitoring mechanisms for NDCs with the participation of Indigenous Peoples and urges the EU and the Member States to include indigenous peoples in their country delegations at the international climate negotiations;
Amendment 234 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 35 35. Stresses that securing tenure rights is a prerequisite for effective biodiversity mainstreaming; notes, however, that the lack of collective land rights for indigenous peoples is a primary obstacle to ensuring that rights-based conservation becomes effective; reminds that frameworks such as the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (VGGT) can help to provide legal certainty; accordingly, urges the EU to make the effective implementation of these guidelines a pre-condition of investment in the remit of NDICI; more broadly, urges Parties to the Convention of Biological Diversity to recognise the rights of indigenous peoples as a matter of priority, in a context where protected areas are to be expanded; and calls on the EU to undertake all necessary measures for the effective implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and ratification of the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention No. 169;
Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 35 a (new) 35 a. Recalls that the transition to a green and digital economy has huge implications for the mining sector and that there are growing concerns that mining will spread into sensitive forest landscapes, contributing to deforestation and forest degradation; reminds that 80% of forests worldwide constitute traditional lands and territories of indigenous people; calls on the EU and its Member States to step up its efforts to foster responsible and sustainable mining practices, while accelerating its transition towards a circular economy; in particular, calls on the EU to develop a region-wide framework for extractive industries which would sanction companies violating human rights and provide legal redress to indigenous peoples whose rights have been violated; and stresses the need to ban mineral exploration and exploitation in all protected areas including national parks and World Heritage Sites;
Amendment 236 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 35 b (new) 35 b. Regrets the serious shortcomings of the UN “Protect, Respect, Remedy” framework and the Guiding Principles on business and human rights with regard to both indigenous peoples’ rights and land rights; calls once again on the EU to engage constructively in the work of the UN Human Rights Council on an international legally binding instrument to regulate, in international human rights law, the activities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises, which should include specific standards for the protection of indigenous people;
Amendment 237 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 36 36. Underlines th
Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 36 36. Underlines the fact that environmental crime poses a global threat to nature conservation, sustainable development, stability and security;
Amendment 239 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 37 37. Stresses that wildlife trafficking should be classified as a serious crime in accordance with the UN Convention on Transnational Organised Crime in an effort to facilitate international cooperation, notably in a context where trade and consumption of wildlife represents an important risk for future pandemics;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A c (new) A c. whereas the most comprehensive global estimate suggests that ecosystem services provide benefits of USD 125-140 trillion (US dollars) per year i.e. more than one and a half times the size of global GDP[1]; Sources: Biodiversity: Finance and the Economic and Business Case for Action. Executive Summary and Synthesis, OECD 2019 (p. 7).
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 37 a (new) 37 a. Urges supply, transit and demand countries to deepen their levels of cooperation to combat illegal wildlife trade along the entire chain; in particular, urges governments of the supply countries to: i) improve the rule of law and create effective deterrents by strengthening criminal investigation, prosecution and sentencing; ii) enact stronger laws treating illicit wildlife trafficking as a "serious crime" deserving the same level of attention and gravity as other forms of transnational organised crime; iii) allocate more resources to combating wildlife crime, particularly to strengthen wildlife law enforcement, trade controls, monitoring, and customs detection and seizure; iv) to commit to a zero-tolerance policy on corruption;
Amendment 241 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 37 a (new) 37 a. Calls on the Commission to revise the EU Action Plan against Wildlife Trafficking in 2021 to crack down on illegal wildlife trade; Welcomes the draft measures published by the Commission aimed to effectively ban EU trade in ivory and urges to revise the Environmental Crime Directive, by expanding its scope and introducing specific provisions for criminal sanctions;
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 38 Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 38 38. Urges the EU to make the fight against environmental crime an overriding strategic political priority in international judicial cooperation and at COP meetings, notably by promoting compliance with MEAs through the adoption of criminal sanctions, exchanges of best practices and by promoting the enlargement of the scope of the International Criminal Court to cover criminal acts that amount to ecocide; calls on the Commission and the Member States to allocate appropriate financial and human resources to preventing, investigating and prosecuting environmental crimes;
Amendment 244 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 38 a (new) 38 a. Welcomes the EU's biodiversity strategy for 2030 and the priority given to the protection of flora and fauna in the negotiation of trade agreements with developing countries; recalls the European Commission's commitment to revise the EU action plan against wildlife trafficking, including illegal ivory trafficking; calls in this regard for the inclusion of the African elephant, threatened with extinction due to the illegal trade in ivory, in Annex 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES);
Amendment 245 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 38 a (new) 38 a. Calls on the EU to step up the implementation of its FLEGT Action Plan in particular the Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) so as to reduce the demand for illegal timber and the associated trade and to strengthen the rights of communities and Indigenous Peoples living affected by logging;
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 39 39. Stresses that there is no permanent international mechanism to monitor and address environmental damage and destruction that alters the global commons or ecosystem services; calls for the EU and the Member States, to this end, to support a paradigm shift to include ecocide and the right of future generations in international environmental law; in this regard, encourages the EU and the Member States to promote the recognition of ecocide as an international crime under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC);
Amendment 247 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 39 39. Stresses that there is no permanent international mechanism to monitor and address environmental damage and destruction that alters the global commons or ecosystem services; calls for the EU and the Member States, to this end, to support a paradigm shift
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 39 39.
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A d (new) A d. whereas biodiversity is both affected by climate change and an important contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation, through the ecosystems services it support;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A e (new) A e. whereas biodiversity and ecosystem services are projected to decline over coming decades, while the supply and demand material of natural resources with current market value (food, feed, timber and bioenergy) are projected to increase;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution Recital A f (new) A f. whereas key pressures on terrestrial, marine and other aquatic biodiversity include habitat loss and fragmentation (particularly from agricultural expansion and intensification), over-exploitation of natural resources (e.g. fish), pollution, invasive alien species and climate change;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B B. whereas according to the IPBES 2019 global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services, most of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets for 2020
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B a (new) B a. whereas World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report 2020 identified environmental risks as the greatest systemic risks to our global economy;
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 b (new) — having regard to the UN Summit on Biodiversity of 30 September 2020,
Amendment 30 #
Motion for a resolution Recital B b (new) B b. whereas the OECD estimates at USD 500 billion per year the financial flows potentially harmful to biodiversity (based on fossil-fuel and agricultural subsidies), an order of magnitude ten times higher than global finance flows for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use; and whereas the costs of inaction on biodiversity loss are high and are anticipated to increase[1]; Sources: Biodiversity: Finance and the Economic and Business Case for Action. Executive Summary and Synthesis, OECD 2019.
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C C. whereas the IPBES reports that land use change, agricultural expansion, logging and urbanisation are responsible for more than 30 % of emerging disease events by encroaching on animal habitat;
Amendment 32 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas recent studies show that between 1.65 and 1.87 billion Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and Afro- descendants live in the world’s important biodiversity conservation areas; whereas another finding shows that 56 percent of the people living in important biodiversity conservation areas are in low- and middle-income countries; whereas only 9 percent live in high-income countries. This underscores the disproportionate impact of conservation on the Global South (RRI);
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C a (new) C a. whereas international and illegal trades of animal species known as potential carriers of specific pathogens also contributes to global heath crises and pandemics, such as the COVID-19;
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C b (new) C b. whereas according to the abovementioned IPBES report, more than 70% of emerging diseases can be traced back to animal pathogens, and that increasing contacts between humans, livestock and wildlife, notably due to global deforestation, heighten the likelihood of transmission of such pathogens to humans;
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution Recital C b (new) C b. whereas there is scientific evidence for a complex link between biodiversity loss and the increasing risk of zoonotic diseases such as COVID-19;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC) are heavily reliant on land, natural resources and ecosystems for their basic needs and livelihoods, taking into account that their low standard of living and exclusion from political and economic life may imply crucial conflicts concerning the use of natural resources and land rights;
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D D. whereas indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC) are heavily reliant on land, forests, natural resources and ecosystems for their basic needs and livelihoods;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas according to the FAO, around 60 million people are employed worldwide in fishing and fish farming, notably among coastal communities in developing countries, and more than three billion people worldwide rely on oceans for their livelihoods, according to the OECD;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas traditional indigenous territories encompass around 22 per cent of the world ’s land surface and they coincide with areas that hold 80 per cent of the planet’s biodiversity;
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 7 c (new) — having regard to the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution Recital D a (new) D a. whereas forests harbour more than 75% of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity and more than 25% of the world’s population rely on forest resources for their livelihoods;
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E E. whereas protected areas have the potential to safeguard biodiversity for the benefit of all humanity, but have also been associated, in some cases, with large-scale human rights violations against IPLC, such as arbitrary arrests or tortures, whereas it is crucial to correct conservation programmes so that they don't provide wrong incentives that lead to such abuses;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) E a. whereas marine plastic pollution is a continuous threat for biodiversity, affecting at least 267 species; that at the surface, the cumulative mass of floating waste represents only 1% of the plastics discharged into the ocean; whereas the latest scientific research estimates that the level of plastic pollution in the ocean has been greatly underestimated and that there are still major gaps in oceanographic knowledge today, in particular on its impact on third countries; and that a research effort on the dispersion of marine litter in the ocean is crucial to better understand the extent of marine pollution and its impact on marine biodiversity;
Amendment 43 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E a (new) E a. whereas indigenous people remain amongst the poorest of the poor; and whereas one of the major difficulty that indigenous peoples face globally is to gain legal recognition of collective ownership over their ancestral lands, especially when these were declared protected territories;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E b (new) E b. whereas it is estimated that 50 per cent of protected areas worldwide has been established on lands traditionally occupied and used by indigenous peoples and that this proportion is highest in the Americas, where it may exceed 90 per cent in Central America;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E c (new) E c. whereas the lack of recognition of indigenous people’s and communities’ customary land rights generates risks of landgrabbing, thereby jeopardising their livelihoods and their ability to respond to climate change or biodiversity loss;
Amendment 46 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E d (new) E d. whereas the UN Special Rapporteur on indigenous peoples has identified the extractive industries as a main source of conflict and violence on indigenous peoples’ territories;
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E e (new) E e. whereas according to Front Line Defenders’ Global Analysis 2020, at least 331 human rights defenders were murdered in 2020, two-thirds of whom worked to protect environmental, land and indigenous peoples’ rights;
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E e (new) E e. whereas in 2020, according to the Global Analysis 2020 of Frontline Defenders, at least 331 human rights defenders have been assassinated, from which 69% of them were environmental defenders and 26% of them worked specifically on indigenous populations' rights;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution Recital E f (new) E f. whereas the EU aims to push for a target of at least 30% biodiversity protection under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD);
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 a (new) — having regard to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas a growing body of research is showing that IPLC possess crucial knowledge and play a vital role in the sustainable management of natural resources and the conservation of biodiversity; whereas global biodiversity targets cannot be achieved without the recognition of the rights of IPLC;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F F. whereas a growing body of research is showing that IPLC possess crucial knowledge and play a vital role in the sustainable management of natural resources and the conservation of biodiversity as well as in improving rural livelihoods and enhancing the resilience of population and communities;
Amendment 52 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) F a. whereas the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land (2019) demonstrates that indigenous peoples have a long record of adapting to climate variability, drawing on their traditional knowledge, which enhances their resilience;
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F a (new) F a. whereas the strategy of the EU and its Member States in support of developing countries should be designed to anticipate the effects of climate change and biodiversity loss;
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F b (new) F b. whereas the IPCC Special report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate gives equally evidence of the benefits of combining scientific with local and indigenous knowledge to enforce resilience;
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution Recital F c (new) F c. whereas Article 8 (j) of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) commits States parties to respect and maintain the knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities which are relevant for conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity; but whereas the Convention, however, fails to contain explicit recognition of the human rights of indigenous peoples;
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G G. whereas the UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that about 75 % of genetic diversity in plants has been lost worldwide, while 75% of the world’s food is now generated from only 12 plants and five animal species, which poses a serious risk to global food security;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas biodiversity is the basis of food security and its sustainable use is crucial for food security, human well- being and development worldwide; whereas the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted areas of inequalities across agri-food systems and the necessity to adapt and improve smallholder production sustainably, ensure that the livelihoods of rural populations are more resilient, to transform agri-food systems and reorient agriculture towards climate sustainability;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas according to the World Bank "fish stocks have deteriorated due to overfishing : the share offish stocks outside biologically sustainable levels rose from 10 percent in 1974 to 33 percent in 2015, while in the same year approximately 60 percent of fish stocks were fully exploited", whereas the depletion of fish resources jeopardizes the food security of coastal communities and least-developed countries generally speaking;
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas the loss of genetic diversity, especially replacement of local, well-adapted breeds increases the vulnerability to pests, diseases and environmental changes, including climate change; whereas the market globalisation of agriculture has been a reinforcing driver of such agricultural biodiversity erosion, which means less capacity to innovate and adapt to climate change;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 a (new) — having regard to the Cancun Statement on Promoting Sustainable Pastoralism and Livestock Production for the Conservation of Biodiversity in Grasslands and Rangelands of the CBD COP13 of 14 December 2016,
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G a (new) G a. whereas the total ecological footprint of the EU-27 Member States plus the United Kingdom is high and is now more than twice the biocapacity available in the region, and this results in a large ecological deficit, which has negative consequences for the environment within and outside Europe;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G b (new) G b. whereas farmers’ rights were established under the FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in 2004, but whereas intellectual property rules have often worked in contradiction to them, putting local, traditional and indigenous seed systems at risk;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution Recital G c (new) G c. whereas trade liberalisation triggers off the destruction of habitats, through infrastructure (such as mines, pipelines, roads, ports), which arise from exports of mineral and fossil products;
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas it is estimated that globally, 30 % of threats to species are due to international trade, while cooperation between relevant national authorities for agriculture, phytosanitary services, veterinary services, trade and environment is necessary to effectively implement legal frameworks for prevention and control in monitoring and managing species, without unnecessarily restricting trade and creating additional trade barriers;
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H H. whereas it is estimated that globally, 30 % of threats to species are due to international trade, unsustainable trade and at times illegal trade;
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H a (new) H a. whereas the EU plays a significant role in biodiversity loss in third countries because of its imports of minerals, biomass and some agricultural products such as soybean and palm oil, whose crops constitute an important driver of tropical deforestation;
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H b (new) H b. whereas current WTO rules limits the possibility of EU Member States of raising tariffs on products that have a negative impact on biodiversity;
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution Recital H c (new) H c. whereas dispute settlement systems covering biodiversity and trade provisions in Multilateral Environment Agreements are not binding, unlike the WTO enforcement system, which de facto embodies the supremacy of commercial law over biodiversity;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I I. whereas in addition to international trade, illegal wildlife trade and illegal trade in timber and raw materials can accelerate the degradation and destruction of biodiversity in countries with weak institutions and environmental regulations;
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I a (new) I a. whereas the EU Biodiversity Strategy aims at achieving that all of the world’s ecosystems are restored, resilient, and adequately protected by 2050, in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and is committed to no human-induced extinction of species by 2050, to the to the principle of equality, including respect for the rights and the full and effective participation of indigenous populations and local communities;
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 8 b (new) — having regard to the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) High level Panel of Experts report on food security and nutrition: Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition of July 2019,
Amendment 70 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I b (new) I b. whereas the EU Biodiversity Strategy is committed to a fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the use of genetic resources linked to biodiversity and to foster enabling framework, making use of research, innovation and technology tools;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I b (new) I b. whereas environmental crimes, whose value has been estimated by the UN Environment and INTERPOL up to twice the global aid budget, accelerates and biodiversity loss and climate change, notably through forestry crimes;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I b (new) I b. whereas there are overlaps between biodiversity hotspots and areas suffering from poverty, as most conservation hotspots are located in countries with a high prevalence of poverty and food insecurity;
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I b (new) I b. whereas illegal timber trade is spurred by the high demand in countries such as China, which is also a leading producer of wooden items such as furniture;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I b (new) I b. whereas the Republic of Maldives called, in its statement of 3 December 2019, to amend the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to recognise criminal acts that would amount to Ecocide;
Amendment 75 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I c (new) I c. whereas the IPBES reports that the international legal wildlife trade has increased 500% in value since 2005, and 2,000% since the 1980s[1]; Sources: IPBES workshop on biodiversity and pandemics. Workshop report (2020), p. 23
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I d (new) I d. whereas the EU is one of the largest importers of wildlife and wildlife- related products globally;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I e (new) I e. whereas global wildlife trafficking is one of the most profitable forms of organised cross-border criminal activity;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I f (new) I f. whereas oceans are huge reservoirs of biodiversity and the primary regulator of the global climate; and whereas their conservation is critical to sustainable development and contributes to poverty eradication, providing sustainable livelihoods and food security for billions of people;
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I g (new) I g. whereas in a business-as-usual scenario, climate change is expected to reduce fish biomass by 30 to 40% in some tropical regions by 2100 and has a strong impact on marine biodiversity; whereas countries in these zones are highly dependent on fisheries, but lack social and financial resources to adapt and prepare for the future;
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 10 a (new) — having regard to the report on the State of knowledge of soil biodiversity - Status, challenges and potentialities of FAO launched in 2020,
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I h (new) I h. whereas the IUCN advocates for the transformation of at least 30% of all marine habitats by 2020 into a network of highly protected marines protected areas (MPAs);
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution Recital I i (new) I i. whereas Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing threatens the sustainability of global marine resources by contributing to their overexploitation;
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Is alarmed at the fact that the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 1. Is alarmed at the fact that the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services will undermine progress in approximately 80 % of the assessed targets for the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); calls for the EU to reduce its biodiversity footprint worldwide and to bring it within the ecological limits of ecosystems;
Amendment 84 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 1 a (new) 1 a. Points out that nearly half of the human population is directly dependent on natural resources for its livelihood, and many of the most vulnerable and poorest people depend directly on biodiversity to fulfil their daily subsistence needs;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Calls for the EU to address the root causes of biodiversity loss and to
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Calls for the EU to address the root causes of biodiversity loss and to mainstream obligations on conservation and the sustainable use of resources
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Calls for the EU to address the root causes of biodiversity loss and to mainstream obligations on conservation, restoration and the sustainable use of resources into broader development policies;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 2. Calls for the EU to address the root causes of global biodiversity loss and to
Amendment 89 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 a (new) 2 a. Stresses that the populations of developing countries are directly dependent on biological diversity for their food, health and economic security; regrets that the degradation of biodiversity due to climate change and the resulting loss of resources increase their vulnerability and undermine their fundamental rights and dignity;
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution Citation 10 b (new) — having regard to the Commission communication of 9 March 2020 “Towards a comprehensive Strategy with Africa”,
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 2 b (new) 2 b. Recalls that biodiversity is threatened by climate change through natural disasters and extreme weather disturbances, including cyclones, storms, droughts, erosion, heat waves and fires, as well as rising sea level, rising sea surface temperature, flooding of coastal areas, and increasing ocean acidity, and that coastal regions, islands are particularly impacted and third countries must be supported to develop and implement effective climate mitigation and adaptation policies;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recalls that the conservation, sustainable use and restoration of biodiversity is vital to achieve many other policy objectives, including human health, climate change mitigation and adaptation, disaster risk reduction,
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recalls that the conservation, sustainable use and restoration of biodiversity is vital to achieve many other policy objectives, including human health, climate change mitigation and adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and water and food
Amendment 93 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recalls that the conservation, sustainable use and restoration of biodiversity is vital to achieve many other policy objectives, including human health, climate change mitigation and adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and water and food security; and recalls that the harmful effects of ecosystem degradation are being borne disproportionately by the poor, notably women, as well as indigenous people and other natural resource- dependent communities;
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recalls that the conservation, sustainable use and restoration of biodiversity is vital to achieve many other policy objectives, including human health, poverty alleviation and food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation,
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 3. Recalls that the conservation, sustainable use and restoration of biodiversity is vital to achieve many other policy objectives, including human health, climate change mitigation and adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and water as well as nutritional and food security;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 3 a (new) 3 a. Calls on the EU to step up support to partner countries across the world to achieve the new global targets, fight environmental crime, and tackle the drivers of biodiversity loss;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 4 4. Emphasises the duty of states to protect and sustainably manage natural and biodiversity-rich ecosystems and safeguard the human and land rights of IPLC and Afro-descendants who depend on these ecosystems for their survival;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls for the EU and its Member States to s
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution Paragraph 5 5. Calls for the EU and its Member States to support the global recognition of the right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment at the UN General Assembly and
source: 689.665
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