Activities of Eugen FREUND

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas internal and external security are increasingly intertwined; whereas the EU has always prided itself on its soft power and will keep doing so; whereas an evolving reality, however, requires the EU not to remain an exclusively ‘civilian power’~~, but to extend it~~; whereas hard power, s~~ince soft and hard power go hand in hand~~hould primarily serve to buttress the EU’s soft-power approach; whereas development in third countries is not possible without security and peace; whereas the military plays a key role in this, especially in countries where civilian authorities are unable to fulfil their tasks in the light of the security situation; whereas the European Peace Facility (EPF or the Facility) will lead to a stronger engagement of the EU towards partner countries and will increase the effectiveness of EU external action;

2019/01/17
Committee: AFET

2018/2237(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas the Treaties do not foresee any external military action of the Union outside the framework of the CSDP; whereas a genuine common foreign and security policy for all EU Member States increases the EU’s scope for external- policy action; whereas the only external military action possible under the CSDP takes the form of missions outside the Union for peace- keeping, conflict prevention and strengthening international security in accordance with the principles of the UN Charter as referred to in Article 42(1) TEU;

2019/01/17
Committee: AFET

2018/2158(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital F

F. whereas new areas of tension between the EU and Russia have arisen since 2015, including: Russian intervention in Syria; large-scale military exercises (Zapad 2017); russian interference aimed at influencing elections and stoking tensions in European societies; restrictions on fundamental freedoms and extensive human rights violations in Russia, including the systemic targeting of human rights defenders and civil society in Russia, discrimination against the Tatar minority in occupied Crimea, and the politically motivated persecution of Alexei Navalny and many others; disinformation campaigns; cyber attacks and assassinations on European soil carried out by Russian intelligence agents using chemical weapons; the intimidation, arrest and imprisonment of foreign citizens in Russia in breach of international law, including Oleg Sentsov and many others; the organisation of illegal and illegitimate elections in the Donbas; flawed presidential elections lacking any real choice and with restrictions on fundamental freedoms; violations of arms control agreements;

2019/01/16
Committee: AFET

2018/2158(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10

10. Underlines, in this regard, the indispensability of a genuine common foreign and security policy of the European Union; considers that the deepening of EU integration and coherence between its internal and external policies is the key to a more coherent, effective and successful EU external and security policy, including vis-à-vis Russia;

2019/01/16
Committee: AFET

2018/2158(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17

17. Calls for the EU institutions and Member States to make greater efforts to build resilience, particularly in the cyber and media fields; calls for action to be taken against targeted disinformation campaigns; calls for resilience against cyberattacks to be increased and for EU- wide support for the European cyber-security industry and ~~a stronger~~increased engagement in research; ~~encourages, in this context, the promotion of European values in Russian by East Stratcom;~~

2019/01/16
Committee: AFET

2018/2157(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6

6. Is concerned that the proliferation of weapon systems in wartime and in situations of significant political tension may disproportionately affect civilians; is alarmed at the global arms race and at military approaches to solving political conflict and turmoil; underlines that conflicts should be solved by diplomatic means as a priority; calls, therefore, on the EU Member States to seek a genuine Common Foreign and Security Policy;

2018/09/12
Committee: AFET

2018/2157(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21

21. Takes the view that the EU should meet its increased responsibility for peace and security in Europe and in the world by means of further arms limitation and disarmament initiatives and that, as a responsible global player, it should lead the way, i.e. that it should play an active role in the areas of non-proliferation of arms, global disarmament and arms transfer controls; believes, therefore, that EU Member States must do their utmost to seek a common position;

2018/09/12
Committee: AFET

2018/2156(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital D

D. whereas effective military mobility can only be achieved with the full involvement and commitment of all Member States, in a manner consistent with relevant EU-level initiatives; whereas joint decisions should take into account the regional specificities of each EU Member State;

2018/09/13
Committee: AFET

2018/2156(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital E

E. whereas the collective security and defence of the EU Member States and their ability to intervene in crises abroad is fundamentally dependent on the ability to move troops and civilian crisis management personnel, materiel and equipment across each other’s territory freely and rapidly; whereas 22 EU Member States are ~~also~~ NATO allies and ~~possess only a single set of armed forces and transport infrastructure~~at the same time there are EU Member States that are committed to neutrality;

2018/09/13
Committee: AFET

2018/2156(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Underlines that military mobility is a central strategic tool enabling the EU ~~and NATO~~ to pursue ~~their~~its security and defence interests effectively and in a complementary manner ~~and should not be limited only to physical, legal and infrastructural obstacles~~, from which defence alliances such as NATO could also benefit if that is in line with the security and defence interests of the EU; welcomes the fact that military mobility has recently gained a substantial level of attention from all relevant actors; notes that it enhances our preparedness and increases our deterrence posture in the face of potential adversaries and crisis situations, while helping to achieve the EU level of ambition in defence and security policy, including strategic autonomy;

2018/09/13
Committee: AFET

2018/2156(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

5. Notes that the type of missions which would most benefit from increased military mobility in the EU and beyond are in the field of collective defence; stresses in this context that progress in this field will help those EU Member States that are also NATO members to meet their Article 5 commitments; emphasises the particular role played by the neutral Member States, such as Austria and Sweden, but recognises~~, however,~~ that, under Article 42(7) TEU, EU Member States also have an unequivocal obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power if a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory~~, consistent with commitments under NATO~~;

2018/09/13
Committee: AFET

2018/2156(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9

9. Regrets that the Action Plan fundamentally describes a bottom-up approach, with only a limited strategic vision of what concrete defence goals the EU is aiming to achieve through the various activities described in the Action Plan; deplores in this regard the continuing absence of an EU white book on defence, which could have provided this overarching sense of purpose; believes nonetheless that the current approach has considerable merit and will serve the interests of all EU Member States, ~~including~~both neutral States and EU Member States in their role as NATO allies;

2018/09/13
Committee: AFET

2018/2156(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

12. Welcomes the Commission proposal on the use of the Connecting Europe Facility and the substantial funds envisaged for dual-use military mobility projects to ensure that infrastructure is adjusted to take into account military mobility needs; notes that these dual-use projects will also be of considerable benefit for civilian use; calls, however, for a dedicated facility for military mobility in the future, to achieve a clear separation between the civil and defence functions of the Union;

2018/09/13
Committee: AFET

2018/2156(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19

19. Therefore urges both the EU and NATO to intensify their cooperation and coordination and share information more broadly, where that accords with the security interests of the European Union, to ensure that synergies are achieved; expresses hope that the obstacles to sharing classified information between the two bodies will be cleared as soon as possible to enable this closer cooperation;

2018/09/13
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph a

a) to bear in mind that freedom of speech and expression as well as media pluralism should be at the heart of democratic societies, and provide the best safeguards against disinformation campaigns and hostile propaganda;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph b

b) to consider developing a binding legal framework both at EU and international level for tackling hybrid warfare, including cyber and information warfare, the need for which was demonstrated in particular by the hostile actions of Russia and other state and non state actors in in these areas;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph d

d) to remind the Member States that continue to deny the existence of strategic propaganda to recognise it and encourage them to take proactive measures in order to counteract and debunk it; to invite all Member States to evaluate the situation within their territory;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph e

e) to recognise the work done at various levels to identify the types of influence and tools used against the EU and its neighbours, and to shift attention to in-depth analysis and research of their impact and effectiveness in order to develop measures to counteract them;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph f

f) to focus on the continuously growing sophistication of the tools used to spread disinformation and fake news, including the new ways of spreading propaganda by using multiple low-level websites, ~~portals and TV stations~~search engine optimization , portals and TV stations, manipulated sound, images or video in some cases with the help of algorithms and artificial intelligence to disseminate the main narratives; is concerned about Russia’s, China's, Iran's, North Korean's and other state or non state activities in this context;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph g

g) to pay special attention to social media and messenger services which, in spite of their efforts to the contrary, are considered the most common tool for spreading disinformation and hostile propaganda;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph h

h) to regulate, together with the Member States, the actions of social media companies, messenger services and search engine providers and ensure their full transparency and accountability, in particular making it possible to uncover the identity and location not only of the authors, but also the sponsors of the submitted political content;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph i

i) to urge social media companies and messenger service providers to cooperate closely with state authorities in all investigations into the alleged use of their platforms for hostile purposes, and to perform transparent audits of entities which have been found to spread disinformation and propaganda;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph k

k) to continue to develop greater resilience and the ability to respond to threats in real time, develop pre-emptive measures and think one step ahead, rather than merely reacting to and analysing attacks that have already taken place; draw attention to the technical progress in this field, be therefore aware that certain algorithms and artificial intelligence can be used for distributing disinformation campaigns and propaganda; share best practice examples of measures already taken by individual Member States;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph m

m) to involve the civil society and expert community in further enhancement of measures aimed at fact-checking and exposure of disinformation, deepening of research and analysis of information manipulation; consider to reward or provide funding for initiatives aiming at tackling disinformation campaigns; promote media education for European cititzens;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph w

w) to strongly condemn the interference of third parties in elections and referendums, and the use of bots, algorithms, artificial intelligence, trolls and fake accounts in political campaigns; underlines the ability of democratic societies to make their own sovereign political choices;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph x

x) to invite the Member States to share data about any foreign or internal interference in electoral processes and exchange best practices on counteracting it in order to increase resilience to such interference;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2115(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph y

y) to invite Member States to ensure that electoral laws take into account possible threats stemming from cyber attacks, disinformation campaigns and hostile propaganda, and stresses that these laws should be adequately amended to enable them to effectively counteract such threats;

2018/12/05
Committee: AFET

2018/2097(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1

1. Stresses that the time has come for the European Union to take its destiny into its own hands; takes the view that the EU should embrace its role as a fully-fledged, sovereign political power in international relations that helps to resolve conflicts worldwide and shapes global governance; stresses that, for this reason, a genuine joint European foreign and security policy is needed;

2018/10/19
Committee: AFET

2018/2097(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13

13. Notes that internal and external security are increasingly intertwined; supports the Commission and the VP/HR in further improving the EU’s resilience to terrorist attacks, ~~illegal migration~~targeted online and offline disinformation campaigns, cyberattacks and other hybrid threats as part of a risk-reduction strategy;

2018/10/19
Committee: AFET

2018/2097(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18

18. Believes that, despite their importance, soft power and institution building alone ~~are not~~cannot be sufficient to exert influence in a world where power politics and hard power are increasingly significant; believes that the effectiveness of the EU’s foreign policy will ultimately depend, to a large extent, on the resources and capabilities that support it;

2018/10/19
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 a (new)

- having regard to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and to the UN Human Rights Conventions and the optional protocols thereto,

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Citation 6 a (new)

- having regard to the UN Security Council Resolutions 1325, 1820, 1888,1889, 1960, 2106, 2122 and 2242 on Women, Peace and Security,

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Citation 7 c (new)

- having regard to the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas EU Member States need to make every effort to coordinate their action in the organs and bodies of the United Nations system with a united voice based on international human rights law and the core values of the EU;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital C a (new)

C a. whereas the international order based on cooperation, dialogue, and human rights is being put into question by several nationalist and protectionist movements around the world;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)

D a. whereas democracy, human rights, and the rule of law are coming under increasing threat in different regions of the world, and with civil society space shrinking in many UN Member States; whereas human rights defenders and civil society activists are facing increasing threats and risks around the world for their legitimate work;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)

E a. whereas the world is facing a range of global challenges related to ongoing and emerging conflicts and their consequences, as climate change and terrorism, which need to be tackled on a global scale;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital E b (new)

E b. whereas the three pillars of the UN are peace and security, development, human rights and the rule of law;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital E d (new)

Ed. whereas the international community and the European Union must step up their efforts to provide protection and support for human rights defenders, and uphold international norms of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law; especially with regard to the rights of those belonging to minority groups or those in vulnerable situations including women, children, youth ethnic, racial or religious minorities, migrants, refugees and IDPs, people with disabilities, LGBTI people and indigenous people;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point d a (new)

(da) to ensure that all UN forces have the same minimum education and competence requirements, and that it must include a clear gender, LGBTI, and anti-racist perspective, with zero tolerance for all forms of sexual exploitation and violence and including an effective whistle-blower function within the UN to anonymously report offenses committed by UN personnel against both UN personnel and locals alike;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Eugen FREUND, Soraya POST

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point f a (new)

(fa) to call for the EU and its Member States to speak with one voice; supports efforts made by the EEAS, the EU Delegations in New York and Geneva and the Member States to improve the coordination of EU positions and to reach common EU stance when voting, in order to improve EU coherence and credibility at the UN;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Jo LEINEN, Elmar BROK, Soraya POST, Helmut SCHOLZ, Eugen FREUND, Andrey KOVATCHEV

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point f b (new)

(fb) to advocate the establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly (UNPA) within the UN system in order to increase the democratic character, the democratic accountability and the transparency of global governance and to allow for better citizen participation in the activities of the UN and in particular to contribute to the successful implementation of the UN Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i b (new)

(ib) to continue to promote a broad definition of the human security concept and of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and to further promote a strong UN role in their implementation;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Eugen FREUND, Arne LIETZ, Soraya POST

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i n (new)

(i n) to call on all Member States to support the full implementation of the Secretary General’s 30 March 2017 Report’s recommendations on UNRWA financing, given UNRWA’s severe financial crisis in 2018 which threatens both the well-being of millions of Palestinian refugees and regional stability, and to reiterate the EU’s essential support for the important work of UNRWA;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point i q (new)

(i q) to reiterate its strong support for the JCPOA and its significance for regional stability; to underline the importance of making sure that the EU`s commitment to lifting sanctions is combined with reforms in Iran which should increase the transparency of its financial system, this also includes the fight against money laundering and financing of terrorism in order to guarantee that the positive effects of the JCPOA are felt in the Iranian economy;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point l a (new)

(la) to support the implementation of UN Security Council's resolution 2242 on Women, Peace and Security, which makes women the central component in all efforts to address global challenges, including rising violent extremism, conflict prevention and mediation, humanitarian crises, poverty, climate change, migration, sustainable development, peace and security;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o a (new)

(oa) to recall the significant contributions of the EU (external financing instruments) to the UN system, including global peace, the rule of law and human rights and the development agenda;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point o b (new)

(ob) to strongly support the Secretary General's proposals to render the UN Development System more effective and to define a supportive position in view of the proposed funding compact in return for increased effectiveness, transparency and accountability;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point r a (new)

(ra) to pay special attention to the technological progress in the field of weaponisation of robotics and, in particular, on armed robots and drones and their conformity with international law; to establish a legal framework on drones and armed robots in line with the existing international humanitarian law to prevent this technology from being misused in illegal activities by state and non-state actors;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Eugen FREUND, Soraya POST

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point t a (new)

(ta) to continue to encourage all UN Member States to sign and ratify the different human rights conventions and to comply with their reporting obligations under these instruments;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point t b (new)

(tb) to strengthen the role of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the international criminal justice system in order to promote accountability and to end impunity; to provide the ICC with strong diplomatic, political and financial support;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Eugen FREUND, Soraya POST

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point u e (new)

(ue) to request the EU and its Member States to work with partners on the implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, including adoption and implementation of National Action Plans (NAP); to renew its call to the EU and its Member States to be actively and constructively engaged in formulating, as soon as possible, a legally binding international instrument that regulates, in international human rights law, the activities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises in order to prevent, investigate, redress and provide access to remedy to human rights violations whenever these occur;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point u f (new)

(uf) to strongly condemn the judicial harassment, detention, killings, threats and intimidation of human rights defenders around the world for doing their legitimate human rights work; to push for international efforts to provide protection and support for human rights defenders at risk, and enable them to carry out their work;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point u n (new)

(u n) to ensure that women have access to family planning and the full range of public and universal sexual and reproductive health and rights, including modern contraception and safe and legal abortion; underscores the fact that universal access to health, in particular sexual and reproductive health and the associated rights, is a fundamental human right; thereby countering the Global Gag Rule which was reinstated by the United States government in early 2017;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point u o (new)

(u o) to consider that the Roma people are among the most discriminated against minorities in the world and that the discrimination is getting worse in several countries; to remind that Roma people live on all continents and thus it is a global concern; to call on the UN to install a special rapporteur on Roma issues to raise awareness and to safeguard that the UN programs will also reach Roma people;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point u p (new)

(u p) to call for the UN Member States, including the EU Member States, to implement the recommendations of the UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – subheading 7 a (new)

Sustainable development

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point -z a (new)

(-za) to implement the ambitious UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Jo LEINEN, Eugen FREUND, Soraya POST

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point z

(z) to reaffirm the EU’s commitment to the Paris Agreement and to stress the need to implement the Paris Agreement globally to preserve our habitat for future generations; to reaffirm the need for an ambitious EU climate policy and its readiness to improve the existing EU Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) for 2030 as well as the necessity of developing a long-term strategy for 2050 in a timely manner;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2040(INI)

Jo LEINEN, Eugen FREUND

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1 – point aa

(aa) to ~~insist on the need to~~step up its climate diplomacy efforts by developing a comprehensive ~~strategy for~~ EU climate diplomacy strategy and to integrate climate into all fields of EU external action, including trade, development cooperation, humanitarian aid and security and defence; to form a strong alliance of countries and actors that will continue to support and contribute to the objectives of limiting global warming to well below 2°C while pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C;

2018/05/02
Committee: AFET

2018/2004(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

B. whereas several Member States have invested substantially in setting up well-staffed cyber commands to meet these new challenges; whereas at the same time, cyber defence structures remain fragmented and vary broadly amongst Member States; whereas cyber defence is an activity that can best be tackled cooperatively as its operational domain recognises neither national nor organisational boundaries;

2018/04/11
Committee: AFET

2018/2004(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital C

C. whereas ~~while cyber defence remains a core competence of the Member States,~~ the EU has a vital role to play in ensuring that these new endeavours are closely coordinated from the start to avoid the inefficiencies that mark many traditional defence efforts; whereas a substantial cyber defence capability is a necessary part of the development of the European Defence Union;

2018/04/11
Committee: AFET

2018/2004(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital K

K. whereas command and control systems, information exchange and logistics rely on classified and unclassified IT infrastructure, especially at the tactical and operational level; whereas these systems are attractive targets for malicious actors seeking to attack missions; whereas cyber-attacks may have serious repercussions for infrastructure in the European Union; whereas, in particular, the European Union's energy infrastructure may be a target for cyber- attacks with serious repercussions and must therefore be particularly protected against such attacks;

2018/04/11
Committee: AFET

2018/2004(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Recital O

O. whereas different state actors ~~– Russia, China and North Korea, among others –~~ have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that include attacks on critical infrastructure, cyber-espionage, disinformation campaigns and limiting access to the internet (such as Wannacry, NonPetya); whereas such activities could constitute wrongful acts under international law and could lead to a joint EU response, such as using the EU cyber diplomacy toolbox;

2018/04/11
Committee: AFET

2018/2004(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

3. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that – as with other military branches, and also owing to the borderless nature of cyberspace – the scale required for truly comprehensive and effective forces is beyond the reach of any single Member State; notes against this backdrop that the EU and its Member States find themselves under time pressure regarding the development of such forces and need to act immediately;

2018/04/11
Committee: AFET

2018/2004(INI)

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

4. Strongly emphasises, therefore, that, in the framework of the emerging European Defence Union, cyber defence capabilities of Member States should be closely integrated from the start to ensure maximum efficiency; urges, therefore, the Member States to cooperate closely in the development of their respective cyber commands, thereby feeding into a process coordinated by the European Commission and the EDA to better streamline cyber defence structures across Member States;

2018/04/11
Committee: AFET

2018/2004(INI)

Jens GEIER, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29

29. Calls on the E~~EAS and EDA, in close cooperation with the~~uropean Commission, to ~~take work forward on the~~develop a roadmap for a coordinated approach to European Cyber Defence including an update of the EU Cyber Defence Policy Framework to ensure that it remains fit for purpose as the relevant policy mechanism for achieving the EU’s cyber defence objectives, in close cooperation with the Member States, the EDA, the European Parliament as well as the European External Action Service; notes that this process has to be part of a broader strategic approach to the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy;

2018/04/11
Committee: AFET

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 1 a (new)

(1a) Cybercrime is a fast growing threat to the Union, its citizens and its economy. In 2017, 80 % of the European companies have experienced at least one cyber incident. The Wannacry-attack in May 2017 affected more than 150 countries and 230 000IT-systems and had significant impacts on critical infrastructures such as hospitals. This underlines the necessity for the highest cybersecurity standards and holistic cybersecurity solutions, involving people, products, processes and technology in the Union, as well as for European leadership in the matter, and for Digital autonomy.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 1 b (new)

(1b) This regulation contributes to the protection of the environment through the protection of environment-relevant infrastructures and networks such as nuclear infrastructures.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 1 c (new)

(1c) This regulation contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular to the goal “Industry, innovation and infrastructure”.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 1 d (new)

(1d) The Competence Centre and the Cybersecurity Competence Community should, in order to foster European competitiveness and highest cybersecurity standards internationally, seek the exchange on cybersecurity solutions, products and standards with the international community.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 5

(5) Substantial disruption of network and information systems can affect individual Member States and the Union as a whole. The highest level of security of network and information systems throughout the Union is therefore essential for the smooth functioning of the society and economy, i.e. the internal market. At the moment, the Union depends on non-European cybersecurity providers. However, it is in the Union’s strategic interest to ensure that it retains and develops essential cybersecurity technological capacities to secure ~~its Digital Single Market, and in particular to protect critical networks and information systems~~the protection of data and critical networks and information systems of European citizens and companies, including critical infrastructures for the functioning of society such as transport systems, health systems and banking, and the Digital Single Market and to provide key cybersecurity services.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 6

(6) A wealth of expertise and experience in cybersecurity research, technology and industrial development exists in the Union but the efforts of industrial and research communities are fragmented, lacking alignment and a common mission, which hinders competitiveness and effective protection of critical data, networks and systems in this domain. These efforts and expertise need to be pooled, networked and used in an efficient manner to reinforce and complement existing research, technology, skills and industrial capacities at Union and national levels.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9

(9) Taking into account that the objectives of this initiative can be best achieved if all Member States or as many Member States as possible ~~participa~~contribute, and as an incentive for Member States to take part, only Member States who contribute financially to the administrative and operational costs of the Competence Centre should hold voting rights.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 12

(12) National Coordination Centres should be selected by Member States and approved by the Competence Centre. In addition to the necessary administrative capacity, Centres should either possess or have direct access to cybersecurity technological expertise in cybersecurity, notably in domains such as cryptography, ICT security services, intrusion detection, system security, network security, software and application security, or human ~~and socie~~, societal and environmental aspects of security and privacy. They should also have the capacity to effectively engage and coordinate with the industry, the public sector, including authorities designated pursuant to the Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council23 , and the research community in order to establish a continuous public- private dialogue on cybersecurity. _________________ 23 Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union (OJ L 194, 19.7.2016, p. 1).

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 14

(14) Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, high-performance computing (HPC) and quantum computing, blockchain and concepts such as secure digital identities create at the same time new challenges for cybersecurity as well as offer solutions. Assessing and validating the robustness of existing or future ICT systems will require testing security solutions against attacks run on HPC and quantum machines. The Competence Centre, the Network and the Cybersecurity Competence Community should help advance and disseminate the latest cybersecurity solutions and research to bridge the valley of death of innovation of cybersecurity technologies and services. At the same time the Competence Centre ~~and~~, the Network and the Cybersecurity Competence Community should be at the service of developers and operators in critical sectors such as transport, energy, health, financial, government, telecom, manufacturing, defence, and space to help them solve their cybersecurity challenges.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 14 a (new)

(14a) Due to the fast changing nature of cyber threats and cybersecurity, the Union needs to be able to adapt fast and continuously to new developments in the field. Hence, the Competence Centre, the Cybersecurity Competence Network and the Cybersecurity Competence Community should be flexible enough to ensure the required reactivity. They should facilitate solutions that help entities to be able to constantly build capability to enhance their and the Union’s resilience.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 14 b (new)

(14b) The Competence Centre should have the objectives to establish European leadership and expertise in cybersecurity, and by that guarantee the highest security standards in the Union, ensure the protection of data, information systems, networks and critical infrastructures in the Union, create new high-quality jobs in the area, prevent brain drain from the European cybersecurity experts to third countries, and add European value to the already existing national cybersecurity measures.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 17

(17) In order to respond to the needs of the public sector and both demand and supply side industries, the Competence Centre’s task to provide cybersecurity knowledge and technical assistance to the public sector and industries should refer to both ICT products and services and all other industrial and technological products and solutions in which cybersecurity is to be embedded.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 18

(18) Whereas the Competence Centre and the Network should strive to achieve synergies between the cybersecurity civilian and defence spheres in line with the Union goals as laid out by Common Foreign and Security Policy and the Permanent Structured Cooperation, projects financed by the Horizon Europe Programme will be implemented in line with Regulation XXX [Horizon Europe Regulation], which provides that research and innovation activities carried out under Horizon Europe shall have an exclusive focus on civil applications. Actions enhancing such synergies shall therefore be co-funded through the European Defence Fund.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 19

(19) In order to ensure structured and sustainable collaboration, the relation between the Competence Centre and the National Coordination Centres should be based on a contractual agreement that should be harmonised on European level.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 21 a (new)

(21a) In order to avoid duplication and to ensure the most efficient establishment of cybersecurity expertise in the Union, the Competence Centre, the Network and the Cybersecurity Competence Community should act coherently, consistently and complementary with ENISA, the “Cybersecurity Act”(COM(2017)0477) and the European Standardisation Organisations, bearing in mind that ENISA should continue fulfilling its strategic objectives especially in the field of cybersecurity certification as defined in the “Cybersecurity Act” while the Competence Centre should act as an operational body in cybersecurity.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 25

(25) In order for the Competence Centre to function properly and effectively, the Commission and the Member States should ensure that persons to be appointed to the Governing Board have appropriate professional expertise and experience in functional areas and that gender balance is ensured. The Commission and the Member States should also make efforts to limit the turnover of their respective Representatives on the Governing Board in order to ensure continuity in its work.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 28

(28) The Competence Centre and its activities should benefit from the particular expertise and the broad and relevant stakeholders’ representation built through the contractual public-private partnership on cybersecurity during the duration of Horizon2020, ~~through its Industrial and Scientific Advisory Board.~~ and the pilot projects under Horizon2020 on the Cybersecurity Competence Network, through its Industrial and Scientific Advisory Board. The Competence Centre and Industrial and Scientific Advisory Board should, if appropriate, consider replications of existing structures, for example as working groups.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 33 a (new)

(33a) In order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this Regulation, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission when provided for by this Regulation. Those powers should be exercised in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Recital 34

(34) ~~Since t~~The objectives of this Regulation, namely the development of European leadership in cybersecurity through retaining and developing Union’s cybersecurity technological and industrial capacities, increasing the competitiveness of the Union’s cybersecurity industry and turning cybersecurity into a competitive advantage of other Union industries, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States due the fact that existing, limited resources are dispersed as well as due to the scale of the investment necessary, but can rather by reason of avoiding unnecessary duplication of these efforts, helping to achieve critical mass of investment and ensuring that public financing is used in an optimal way be better achieved at Union level. In addition, only actions on the European level can ensure the highest level of cybersecurity in all Member States and thus close security gaps existing in some Member States that create security gaps for the whole Union. Hence, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve that objective.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2

2. The Competence Centre shall contribute to the implementation of the cybersecurity part of the Digital Europe Programme established by Regulation No XXX and in particular actions related to Article 6 of Regulation (EU) No XXX [Digital Europe Programme] thereof ~~and~~, of the Horizon Europe Programme established by Regulation No XXX and in particular Section 2.2.6 of Pillar II of Annex I. of Decision No XXX on establishing the specific programme implementing Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation[ref. number of the Specific Programme], and of the European Defence Fund established by Regulation(EU) No XXX for actions related to defence.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 1

(1) ‘cybersecurity’ means ~~the~~all activities necessary to protect~~ion of~~ network and information systems, their users, and ~~other~~affected persons ~~against~~from cyber threats;

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 2

(2) ‘cybersecurity products and solutions’ means ICT products, services or processes with the specific purpose of protecting data, network and information systems, their users and affected persons from cyber threats;

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point a

(a) retain and develop the cybersecurity technological and industrial capacities and expertise necessary to secure and further the protection of data of European citizens and companies, critical infrastructures for the functioning of society such as transport systems, health systems, banking, and its Digital Single Market;

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point b a (new)

(ba) develop European leadership in cybersecurity and ensure the highest cybersecurity standards throughout the Union reinforcing its Digital autonomy;

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point b b (new)

(bb) reinforce the trust of citizens, consumers and businesses in the digital world, and therefore contributing to the goals of the Digital Single Market Strategy;

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point b c (new)

(bc) increase the uptake of cybersecurity products and solutions developed within the Union;

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, Theresa GRIFFIN, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point b d (new)

(bd) raise awareness on cybersecurity and reduce the skill gap in cybersecurity in the Union

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)

Jens GEIER, José BLANCO LÓPEZ, Carlos ZORRINHO, Eugen FREUND

Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 a (new)

Article 3 a Coherence, consistency and complemenetarity In implementing this Regulation, consistency, synergies and complementarity with the “Cybersecurity Act” (COM(2017)0477), the European Standardisation Organisations, European bodies and institutions as referred to in Art. 10 of this Regulation, other relevant Programmes of Union action and relevant Union policies shall be ensured. Unnecessary duplications shall be avoided.

2019/01/17
Committee: ITRE

2018/0328(COD)